146 lines
20 KiB
XML
146 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5252/g2011n1a4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bf362508-4a23-4fb9-ad93-d75fe2d5cd7d" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4596948" checkinTime="1615470150520" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Galtier, Jean, Ronchi, Ausonio & Broutin, Jean" docDate="2011" docId="5328C915CD670D18B56E014BAA09B637" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.33.1.43-69.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 33 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2011n1a4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:DF8BFA78045876A77BB343B212438C9A.1:Geodiversitas.2011-2012.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="DF8BFA78045876A77BB343B212438C9A" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2011-2012.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Palaeostachya C.E.Weiss 1876" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="AF11B16DCD6E0D11B471027AAE20B31F" masterDocTitle="Early Permian silicified floras from the Perdasdefogu Basin (SE Sardinia): comparison and bio-chronostratigraphic correlation with the floras of the Autun Basin (Massif central, France)" masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1643555231847" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Early Permian silicified floras from the Perdasdefogu Basin (SE Sardinia): comparison and bio-chronostratigraphic correlation with the floras of the Autun Basin (Massif central, France)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Galtier, Jean</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ronchi, Ausonio</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Broutin, Jean</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2011-03-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>33</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>43</mods:start>
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<mods:end>69</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2011n1a4</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5252/g2011n1a4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">bf362508-4a23-4fb9-ad93-d75fe2d5cd7d</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4596948</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4607881" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180584118" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4607881" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5328C915CD670D18B56E014BAA09B637" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5328C915CD670D18B56E014BAA09B637" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[287,473,817,876]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
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<heading centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="C.E.Weiss" authorityYear="1876" box="[287,436,817,844]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Calamitaceae" genus="Palaeostachya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Equisetales" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[287,436,817,844]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Palaeostachya</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. (
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<figureCitation box="[326,387,849,876]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[115,125,1635,1652]" captionTargetId="figure-187@10.[657,1148,555,925]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 5. — Silicified plants from the Permian of Sardinia: A-E, Palaeostachya sp.: A, longitudinal section of the cone showing the central axis with pith cavity (A) and three nodes with the attachment of bracts (B) and sporangiophore stalks (ST) arising obliquely. The bracts are often displaced at their base (B with two arrows) whilst their distal part is ascending vertically (see on the left) (S), de-" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4607879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4607879/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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A-E)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="52" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[112,649,913,1573]" lastBlockId="9.[674,1211,216,1320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
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Small cones
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<quantity box="[254,346,913,940]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2-4 mm</quantity>
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long and up to
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<quantity box="[533,615,913,940]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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in diameter are relatively common elements of the assemblage. They show whorls of 24 or 28 separate sterile bracts at each node, one half of the bract subtend the 12 or 14 axillary sporangiophores (
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<figureCitation box="[123,206,1071,1098]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[115,125,1635,1652]" captionTargetId="figure-187@10.[657,1148,555,925]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 5. — Silicified plants from the Permian of Sardinia: A-E, Palaeostachya sp.: A, longitudinal section of the cone showing the central axis with pith cavity (A) and three nodes with the attachment of bracts (B) and sporangiophore stalks (ST) arising obliquely. The bracts are often displaced at their base (B with two arrows) whilst their distal part is ascending vertically (see on the left) (S), de-" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4607879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4607879/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
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). In cross section the cone axis is broadly circular (
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in diameter) with a pith cavity and 12 or 14 primary xylem bundles with a carinal canal (
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<figureCitation box="[269,357,1166,1193]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[115,125,1635,1652]" captionTargetId="figure-187@10.[657,1148,555,925]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 5. — Silicified plants from the Permian of Sardinia: A-E, Palaeostachya sp.: A, longitudinal section of the cone showing the central axis with pith cavity (A) and three nodes with the attachment of bracts (B) and sporangiophore stalks (ST) arising obliquely. The bracts are often displaced at their base (B with two arrows) whilst their distal part is ascending vertically (see on the left) (S), de-" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4607879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4607879/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
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). There is a discontinuous narrow zone of secondary xylem and, at the node level, lacunae are present in the cortex of the cone axis, immediately outside the secondary xylem. In most specimens the bracts are broken at their point of attachment to the cone axis (
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<figureCitation box="[512,592,1325,1352]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[115,125,1635,1652]" captionTargetId="figure-187@10.[657,1148,555,925]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 5. — Silicified plants from the Permian of Sardinia: A-E, Palaeostachya sp.: A, longitudinal section of the cone showing the central axis with pith cavity (A) and three nodes with the attachment of bracts (B) and sporangiophore stalks (ST) arising obliquely. The bracts are often displaced at their base (B with two arrows) whilst their distal part is ascending vertically (see on the left) (S), de-" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4607879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4607879/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
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[B]); they extend perpendicularly outwards for a short distance before ascending vertically for about
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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, i.e. a little more than two nodes (
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<figureCitation box="[549,635,1420,1447]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[115,125,1635,1652]" captionTargetId="figure-187@10.[657,1148,555,925]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 5. — Silicified plants from the Permian of Sardinia: A-E, Palaeostachya sp.: A, longitudinal section of the cone showing the central axis with pith cavity (A) and three nodes with the attachment of bracts (B) and sporangiophore stalks (ST) arising obliquely. The bracts are often displaced at their base (B with two arrows) whilst their distal part is ascending vertically (see on the left) (S), de-" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4607879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4607879/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
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); this is confirmed by transverse sections showing two or three whorls of bracts (
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<figureCitation box="[454,538,1483,1510]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[115,125,1635,1652]" captionTargetId="figure-187@10.[657,1148,555,925]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 5. — Silicified plants from the Permian of Sardinia: A-E, Palaeostachya sp.: A, longitudinal section of the cone showing the central axis with pith cavity (A) and three nodes with the attachment of bracts (B) and sporangiophore stalks (ST) arising obliquely. The bracts are often displaced at their base (B with two arrows) whilst their distal part is ascending vertically (see on the left) (S), de-" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4607879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4607879/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
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[B]). The measured length of the internodes is
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<quantity box="[506,643,1515,1542]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="3.85" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.7">3.7 to 4 mm</quantity>
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. Individual bracts show a maximum tangential diameter (
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<quantity box="[797,865,216,243]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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) in the ascending lamina. The sporangiophore stalks arise obliquely from the base of the bracts (
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<figureCitation box="[817,896,279,306]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[115,125,1635,1652]" captionTargetId="figure-187@10.[657,1148,555,925]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 5. — Silicified plants from the Permian of Sardinia: A-E, Palaeostachya sp.: A, longitudinal section of the cone showing the central axis with pith cavity (A) and three nodes with the attachment of bracts (B) and sporangiophore stalks (ST) arising obliquely. The bracts are often displaced at their base (B with two arrows) whilst their distal part is ascending vertically (see on the left) (S), de-" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4607879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4607879/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
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[ST]), a characteristic feature of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="C.E.Weiss" authorityYear="1876" box="[704,844,311,337]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Calamitaceae" genus="Palaeostachya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Equisetales" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[704,844,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Palaeostachya</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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cones. Sporangiophores are borne by two contiguous (fertile) bracts alternating with two sterile ones. The stalks are narrow (0.3 ×
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
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in diameter), losangic in transverse section with a sclerenchym with a sclerenchymatous black cortex efficient for mechanical support of the sporangia (arrows on
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<figureCitation box="[875,962,501,528]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[115,125,1635,1652]" captionTargetId="figure-187@10.[657,1148,555,925]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 5. — Silicified plants from the Permian of Sardinia: A-E, Palaeostachya sp.: A, longitudinal section of the cone showing the central axis with pith cavity (A) and three nodes with the attachment of bracts (B) and sporangiophore stalks (ST) arising obliquely. The bracts are often displaced at their base (B with two arrows) whilst their distal part is ascending vertically (see on the left) (S), de-" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4607879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4607879/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
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). The sporangiophores are peltate (
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<figureCitation box="[799,880,533,560]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[115,125,1635,1652]" captionTargetId="figure-187@10.[657,1148,555,925]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 5. — Silicified plants from the Permian of Sardinia: A-E, Palaeostachya sp.: A, longitudinal section of the cone showing the central axis with pith cavity (A) and three nodes with the attachment of bracts (B) and sporangiophore stalks (ST) arising obliquely. The bracts are often displaced at their base (B with two arrows) whilst their distal part is ascending vertically (see on the left) (S), de-" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4607879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4607879/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
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[P]), each bearing 4 sporangia. Nearly all the sporangia (
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<figureCitation box="[945,1005,564,591]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[115,125,1635,1652]" captionTargetId="figure-187@10.[657,1148,555,925]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 5. — Silicified plants from the Permian of Sardinia: A-E, Palaeostachya sp.: A, longitudinal section of the cone showing the central axis with pith cavity (A) and three nodes with the attachment of bracts (B) and sporangiophore stalks (ST) arising obliquely. The bracts are often displaced at their base (B with two arrows) whilst their distal part is ascending vertically (see on the left) (S), de-" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4607879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4607879/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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A-C [S]) are dehiscent and distorted, however, we can estimate their length to
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<quantity box="[781,846,628,655]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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and their diameter to
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<quantity box="[1089,1158,628,655]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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. The peltate sporangiophore head (
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<figureCitation box="[991,1072,659,686]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[115,125,1635,1652]" captionTargetId="figure-187@10.[657,1148,555,925]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 5. — Silicified plants from the Permian of Sardinia: A-E, Palaeostachya sp.: A, longitudinal section of the cone showing the central axis with pith cavity (A) and three nodes with the attachment of bracts (B) and sporangiophore stalks (ST) arising obliquely. The bracts are often displaced at their base (B with two arrows) whilst their distal part is ascending vertically (see on the left) (S), de-" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4607879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4607879/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
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[P]) is about
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<quantity box="[675,742,691,718]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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broad and parenchymatous tissue extends at the base of each sporangium. Spores are rarely preserved, spherical, about
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<quantity box="[984,1073,754,781]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 µm</quantity>
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in diameter (arrows,
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<figureCitation box="[772,854,786,813]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[115,125,1635,1652]" captionTargetId="figure-187@10.[657,1148,555,925]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 5. — Silicified plants from the Permian of Sardinia: A-E, Palaeostachya sp.: A, longitudinal section of the cone showing the central axis with pith cavity (A) and three nodes with the attachment of bracts (B) and sporangiophore stalks (ST) arising obliquely. The bracts are often displaced at their base (B with two arrows) whilst their distal part is ascending vertically (see on the left) (S), de-" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4607879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4607879/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[674,1211,216,1320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
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In their general organization these cones are similar to those of
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<taxonomicName authority="(Baxter, 1954)" baseAuthorityName="Baxter" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[801,1210,849,876]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Calamitaceae" genus="Palaeostachya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Equisetales" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andrewsii">
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<emphasis box="[801,1047,849,875]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Palaeostachya andrewsii</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="BAXTER R. W." box="[1062,1202,849,876]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" pagination="342 - 351" refId="ref11678" refString="BAXTER R. W. 1954. - Palaeostachya andrewsii, a new species of calamitean cone from the American Carboniferous. American Journal of Botany 42: 342 - 351." type="journal article" year="1954">Baxter, 1954</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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from Pennsylvanian coal balls of
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<collectingRegion box="[1025,1077,881,908]" country="United States of America" name="Iowa" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Iowa</collectingRegion>
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based on an exceptionally preserved specimen allowing to recognize features not completely available in our material; in addition, the spores of the American cone are larger. A detailed study is necessary to decide of the taxonomic attribution of the present specimens which can also be compared to
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<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Calamitaceae" genus="Palaeostachya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Equisetales" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilis" subGenus="Volkmannia">
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<emphasis box="[1003,1141,1071,1097]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Palaeostachya</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Volkmannia</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis box="[771,841,1103,1129]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">gracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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cones described by
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<bibRefCitation author="RENAULT B." box="[1049,1205,1103,1130]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref13792" refString="RENAULT B. 1876. - Recherches sur les fructifications de quelques vegetaux provenant des gisements silicifies d'Autun et de Saint-Etienne. Annales des Sciences naturelles, 6 e serie (Botanique) 3: 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1876">Renault (1876</bibRefCitation>
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; 1896) from the Lower Permian of Autun. One of us (JG) recently re-investigated Renault’s material and recognized strong similarities, but the cones from Autun correspond to several taxa, generally of larger size, with the exception of one specimen described as “
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<emphasis box="[715,840,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Volkmannia</emphasis>
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” sp. (Renault 1896).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |