221 lines
26 KiB
XML
221 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.608.9427" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f37895dc-7316-48e6-ac3e-901aa5f79eeb" ID-PMC="PMC4982377" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-608-1" ID-PubMed="27559303" ID-ZBK="F865473C03374FD2915A0E3DD2299E66" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-608-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 608" ModsDocTitle="Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dorylinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" checkinTime="1470408253360" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Borowiec, Marek L." docDate="2016" docId="B26E4C6E778E9BB7CAE3419CB91925D7" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 608: 1-280" docOrigin="ZooKeys 608" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.608.9427" docTitle="Sphinctomyrmex Mayr 1866" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="174" masterDocId="D563FF93FFEAD163FF9A3E6FFFDDF937" masterDocTitle="Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dorylinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="280" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="170" updateTime="1668163389984" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dorylinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Borowiec, Marek L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>608</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>280</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.608.9427</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.608.9427</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-608-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">F865473C03374FD2915A0E3DD2299E66</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F865473C03374FD2915A0E3DD2299E66</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127875733" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B26E4C6E778E9BB7CAE3419CB91925D7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B26E4C6E778E9BB7CAE3419CB91925D7" lastPageId="173" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
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<subSubSection pageId="169" pageNumber="170" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Formicidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="169" pageNumber="170" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
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<taxonomicName authority="Mayr, 1866 b" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphinctomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphinctomyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphinctomyrmex Mayr, 1866b</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="169" pageNumber="170" type="type-species">
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<paragraph pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Type-species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphinctomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphinctomyrmex stali" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stali">Sphinctomyrmex stali</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphinctomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphinctomyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphinctomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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is a Neotropical lineage of extremely rarely encountered ants. Nothing is known about their biology.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="170" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
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Worker. Workers of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphinctomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphinctomyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphinctomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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are among the dorylines with prominent girdling constrictions between abdominal segments IV, V, and VI. These include
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aenictogiton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aenictogiton" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aenictogiton</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eusphinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eusphinctus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eusphinctus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilloides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilloides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptanilloides</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zasphinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zasphinctus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zasphinctus</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphinctomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphinctomyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphinctomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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can be differentiated from these genera by a combination of presence of propodeal lobes and propodeal spiracle positioned high (no lobes and spiracle low on propodeum in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aenictogiton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aenictogiton" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aenictogiton</taxonomicName>
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), metapleural gland trench narrow (broad in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zasphinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zasphinctus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zasphinctus</taxonomicName>
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), large pygidium armed with modified setae (pygidium unarmed and reduced to a narrow strip in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilloides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilloides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptanilloides</taxonomicName>
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), and girdling constriction between abdominal segments III and IV cross-ribbed and segment IV similar in size to segments V and VI (girdling constriction smooth and segment IV larger than V and VI in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eusphinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eusphinctus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eusphinctus</taxonomicName>
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). Among these genera, only
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilloides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilloides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptanilloides</taxonomicName>
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occurs in sympatry with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphinctomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphinctomyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphinctomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="170" pageNumber="171" start="start">Male</pageBreakToken>
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. The males of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphinctomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphinctomyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphinctomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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also show girdling constrictions between abdominal segments III, IV, and V. Among male dorylines, this state is restricted to the Old World taxa
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eusphinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eusphinctus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eusphinctus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zasphinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zasphinctus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zasphinctus</taxonomicName>
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. They differ in wing venation, shape of abdominal sternite IX and genitalia and the venation characters are the easiest to assess for identification. The marginal cell is closed in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphinctomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphinctomyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphinctomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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(open in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eusphinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eusphinctus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eusphinctus</taxonomicName>
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) and the costal vein (C) is present in the fore wing (absent in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Zasphinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zasphinctus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zasphinctus</taxonomicName>
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). Malagasy
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tanipone" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tanipone" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tanipone</taxonomicName>
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may also have weak abdominal constrictions but are distinguished by very long, 6-segmented maxillary palps that are visible in mounted specimens and reach occipital foramen. Some
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acanthostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acanthostichus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acanthostichus</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cylindromyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindromyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cylindromyrmex</taxonomicName>
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males may also have gastral constrictions but in the former helcium is broad and supraaxial and in the latter there are two spurs on hind tibiae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="173" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="171" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
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Worker.Head: Antennae with 12 segments. Apical antennal segment conspicuously enlarged, much broader than and longer than two preceding segments combined. Clypeus with cuticular apron. Lateroclypeal teeth absent.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Parafrontal" lsidName="Parafrontal ridges" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ridges">Parafrontal ridges</taxonomicName>
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reduced. Torulo-posttorular complex vertical. Antennal scrobes absent. Labrum with median notch or concavity. Proximal face of stipes projecting beyond inner margin of sclerite, concealing prementum when mouthparts fully closed. Maxillary palps 3-segmented. Labial palps 3-segmented. Mandibles triangular, edentate. Eyes present, composed of 1-5 ommatidia. Ocelli absent. Head capsule with differentiated vertical posterior surface above occipital foramen. Ventrolateral margins of head without lamella or ridge extending towards mandibles and beyond carina surrounding occipital foramen. Posterior head corners dorsolaterally immarginate. Carina surrounding occipital foramen ventrally present. Mesosoma: Pronotal flange separated from collar by distinct ridge. Promesonotal connection with Pronotomesopleural suture completely fused or with Pronotomesopleural suture present, weakly differentiated, immobile.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Pronotomesopleural" lsidName="Pronotomesopleural suture" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suture">Pronotomesopleural suture</taxonomicName>
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completely fused but impressed line present.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Mesometapleural" lsidName="Mesometapleural groove" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groove">Mesometapleural groove</taxonomicName>
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weakly impressed. Transverse
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" lsidName="groove" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groove">groove</taxonomicName>
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dividing mesopleuron present. Pleural endophragmal pit concavity present. Mesosoma dorsolaterally immarginate. Metanotal depression or
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" lsidName="groove" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groove">groove</taxonomicName>
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on mesosoma absent. Propodeal spiracle situated low on sclerite. Propodeal declivity with distinct dorsal edge or margin and rectangular in posterior view. Metapleural gland with bulla visible through cuticle. Propodeal lobes present, well developed. Metasoma: Petiole anterodorsally immarginate, dorsolaterally immarginate, and laterally above spiracle marginate. Helcium in relation to tergosternal Pronotomesopleural suture placed at posttergite and axial. Prora forming a U-shaped margin with median ridge. Spiracle openings of abdominal segments
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<normalizedToken originalValue="IV–VI">IV-VI</normalizedToken>
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circular. Abdominal segment III anterodorsally immarginate and dorsolaterally immarginate. Abdominal segment III more than half size of succeeding segment IV, which is weakly constricted at presegmental portion (uninodal waist). Girdling constriction of segment IV present, i.e. pre- and postsclerites distinct. Cinctus of abdominal segment IV gutter-like and cross-ribbed. Abdominal segment IV not conspicuously largest segment. Abdominal tergite IV not folding over sternite, and anterior portions of sternite and tergite equally well visible in lateral view. Girdling constriction between pre- and posttergites of abdominal segments V and VI present. Girdling constriction between pre- and poststernites of abdominal segments V and VI present. Pygidium large, with impressed
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<pageBreakToken pageId="171" pageNumber="172" start="start">medial</pageBreakToken>
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field, and armed with modified setae. Hypopygium unarmed. Legs: Mid tibia with single pectinate spur. Hind tibia with single pectinate spur. Hind basitarsus not widening distally, circular in cross-section. Posterior flange of hind coxa not produced as raised lamella. Metatibial gland absent. Metabasitarsal gland absent. Hind pretarsal claws simple. Polymorphism: Monomorphic.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="173" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
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Male.Head: Antennae with 13 segments. Clypeus with cuticular apron.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Parafrontal" lsidName="Parafrontal ridges" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ridges">Parafrontal ridges</taxonomicName>
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absent. Torulo-posttorular complex vertical. Maxillary palps unknown. Labial palps unknown. Mandibles triangular, edentate. Ventrolateral margins of head without lamella or ridge extending towards mandibles and beyond carina surrounding occipital foramen. Carina surrounding occipital foramen ventrally absent. Mesosoma: Pronotal flange not separated from collar by distinct ridge.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Notauli" lsidName="Notauli" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Notauli</taxonomicName>
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present. Transverse
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" lsidName="groove" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groove">groove</taxonomicName>
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dividing mesopleuron present. Propodeal declivity with dorsal edge present, incomplete. Metapleural gland opening present. Propodeal lobes present. Metasoma: Petiole anterodorsally immarginate, dorsolaterally immarginate, and laterally above spiracle immarginate. Helcium in relation to tergosternal Pronotomesopleural suture placed at posttergite and axial. Prora forming a U-shaped margin with median ridge. Spiracle openings of abdominal segments
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<normalizedToken originalValue="IV–VI">IV-VI</normalizedToken>
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circular. Abdominal segment III more than half size of succeeding segment IV; latter weakly constricted at presegmental portion (uninodal waist). Girdling constriction of segment IV present, i.e. pre- and postsclerites distinct. Cinctus of abdominal segment IV gutter-like and cross-ribbed. Girdling constriction between pre- and postsclerites of abdominal segments V and VI present. Abdominal segment IV not conspicuously largest segment. Abdominal sternite VII simple. Abdominal sternite IX distally armed with two spines, with lateral apodemes about as long as medial apodeme, directed anteriorly (towards head). Genitalia: Cupula long relative to rest of genital capsule and shorter ventrally than dorsally. Basimere broadly fused to telomere, with no sulcus trace at junction, ventrally with left and right arms abutting. Telomere gradually tapering toward apex.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mytilidae" genus="Volsella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Volsella" order="Mytilida" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Volsella</taxonomicName>
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laterally flattened, at apex with dorsal lobe and hooked ventrally. Penisvalva laterally compressed, rounded at apex. Legs: Mid tibia with single pectinate spur. Hind tibia with single pectinate spur. Posterior flange of hind coxa not produced as raised lamella. Metatibial gland absent. Metabasitarsal glands absent. Hind pretarsal claws simple. Wings: Tegula present, broad, demiovate in shape. Vein C in fore wing present. Pterostigma broad. Abscissa R·f3 present, running toward distal wing margin and enclosing cell with Rs·f5. Abscissae Rs·f2-3 absent or present, very short and disconnected from Rs+M. Cross-vein 2r-rs present, forming base of 2r-rs&Rs·f4-5 in absence of 2rs-m or differentiated from Rs·f4 by presence of short Rs·f2-3. Abscissae Rs·f4-5 present, fused in absence of 2rs-m. Abscissa M·f2 in fore wing contiguous with Rs+M. Abscissa M·f4 in fore wing present, not reaching wing margin. Cross-vein 1m-cu in fore wing present. Cross-vein cu-a in fore wing present, arising from M+Cu and proximal to M·f1. Vein Cu in fore wing present, with only Cu1 branch prominent. Vein A in fore wing with abscissae A·f1 and A·f2 present. Vein C in hind wing absent. Vein R in hind wing present, extending past Sc+R but not reaching distal wing margin. Vein Sc+R in hind wing present. Abscissa Rs·f1 in hind wing pre
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<pageBreakToken pageId="172" pageNumber="173" start="start">sent</pageBreakToken>
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, longer than 1rs-m. Abscissa Rs·f2 in hind wing present, short, not reaching wing margin. Cross-vein 1rs-m in hind wing absent. Vein M+Cu in hind wing present. Abscissa M·f1 in hind wing absent. Abscissa M·f2 in hind wing absent. Cross-vein
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<pageBreakToken pageId="173" pageNumber="174" start="start">cu-a</pageBreakToken>
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in hind wing absent or stub present. Vein Cu in hind wing present. Vein A in hind wing with abscissa A·f1 present.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
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Gyne. Gynes are so far only known for
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphinctomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphinctomyrmex stali" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stali">Sphinctomyrmex stali</taxonomicName>
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. One apparently dealated gyne has been collected in this species, in addition to ergatoid/intercaste specimens with relatively large eyes and ocelli. For a detailed discussion see
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<bibRefCitation author="Feitosa, RM" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" title="The ant genus Sphinctomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Cerapachyinae) in the Neotropical region, with the description of two new species." url="10.1155/2012/342623" volume="2012" year="2011">Feitosa et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Larva. Not described. Cocoons unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="173" pageNumber="174" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
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So far only known from Amazonas, Santa Catarina, and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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Paulo states in Brazil, and Jujuy province in Argentina but likely present throughout most of South America.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="173" pageNumber="174" type="taxonomy and phylogeny">
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<paragraph pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Taxonomy and phylogeny.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
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For taxonomic history see under
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eusphinctus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eusphinctus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eusphinctus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
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The three known species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphinctomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphinctomyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphinctomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
||
are reviewed and keyed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Feitosa, RM" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" title="The ant genus Sphinctomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Cerapachyinae) in the Neotropical region, with the description of two new species." url="10.1155/2012/342623" volume="2012" year="2011">Feitosa et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
|
||
The affinities of the genus are not known exactly but genomic data suggests that it forms a clade with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilloides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilloides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptanilloides</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eciton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eciton" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eciton</taxonomicName>
|
||
genus-group (Borowiec, in prep.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="173" pageNumber="174" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
|
||
Virtually nothing is known of this
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="lineage’s">lineage's</normalizedToken>
|
||
biology, and no nest series have ever been collected (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Feitosa, RM" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="197" pageNumber="198" title="The ant genus Sphinctomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Cerapachyinae) in the Neotropical region, with the description of two new species." url="10.1155/2012/342623" volume="2012" year="2011">Feitosa et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Several workers have been collected by digging in soil in a dry forest habitat in Jujuy, Argentina (Brian Fisher pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="173" pageNumber="174" type="species of sphinctomyrmex">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
|
||
Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphinctomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphinctomyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphinctomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphinctomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphinctomyrmex marcoyi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marcoyi">Sphinctomyrmex marcoyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Feitosa,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brandão">Brandao</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Delabie, 2011: Brazil
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphinctomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphinctomyrmex schoerederi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schoerederi">Sphinctomyrmex schoerederi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Feitosa,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brandão">Brandao</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Delabie, 2011: Brazil
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphinctomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphinctomyrmex stali" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stali">Sphinctomyrmex stali</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mayr, 1866b: Brazil
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |