297 lines
30 KiB
XML
297 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.6.91418" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0730-2-175" ID-Pensoft-UUID="16C7BE0236B45BAA847AF82C613E4244" ID-ZooBank="34F513BA207A4A4B952120F9F3BE046C" ModsDocID="2535-0730-6-2-175" checkinTime="1666388770642" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Castanheira, Pedro de Souza, Baptista, Renner Luiz Cerqueira & Oliveira, Francisca Samia Martins" docDate="2022" docId="C5AEE01B345F5DECBB173E0376F08B21" docLanguage="en" docName="EvolutSyst 6(2): 175-210" docOrigin="Evolutionary Systematics 6 (2)" docPubDate="2022-10-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.6.91418" docTitle="Tetragnatha pradoi Castanheira & Baptista & Oliveira 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="59AC1FCF-61A5-4913-8EA0-28FE10C2540F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="16C7BE0236B45BAA847AF82C613E4244" lastPageNumber="175" masterDocId="16C7BE0236B45BAA847AF82C613E4244" masterDocTitle="Five new species of the long-jawed orb-weaving spider genus Tetragnatha (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) in South America, with a key to the species from Argentina and Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="210" masterPageNumber="175" pageNumber="175" updateTime="1666388770642" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Five new species of the long-jawed orb-weaving spider genus Tetragnatha (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) in South America, with a key to the species from Argentina and Brazil</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Castanheira, Pedro de Souza</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0623-1622</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia & Laboratorio de Diversidade de Aracnideos, Universidade do Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941 - 902, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">pedrocastanheira.bio@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Baptista, Renner Luiz Cerqueira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2372-5034</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Diversidade de Aracnideos, Universidade do Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941 - 902, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Oliveira, Francisca Samia Martins</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio de Diversidade de Aracnideos, Universidade do Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21941 - 902, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Evolutionary Systematics</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-10-21</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>6</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>175</mods:start>
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<mods:end>210</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.6.91418</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.6.91418</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2535-0730-2-175</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">34F513BA207A4A4B952120F9F3BE046C</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">16C7BE0236B45BAA847AF82C613E4244</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:59AC1FCF-61A5-4913-8EA0-28FE10C2540F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C5AEE01B345F5DECBB173E0376F08B21" lastPageNumber="175" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
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<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/59AC1FCF-61A5-4913-8EA0-28FE10C2540F" authority="Castanheira & Baptista & Oliveira, 2022" authorityName="Castanheira & Baptista & Oliveira" authorityYear="2022" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tetragnatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetragnatha pradoi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pradoi" status="sp. nov.">Tetragnatha pradoi</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="175">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Tetragnatha pradoi sp. nov. female. A-G. Holotype female (MCTP 14123); A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus; C-F. Left chelicera; C. Upper view; D. Inner view; E. Lower view; F. Outer view; G-H. Female genitalia; G. Genital fold, ventral view; H. Paratype female, internal genitalia, dorsal view (MACN-AR 2455). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C-F); 1 mm (G); 0.2 mm (H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760570" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Figs 18</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Distribution of T. amazonica sp. nov., T. didorata sp. nov. and T. pradoi sp. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760571" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">, 19</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Type-material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Holotype</emphasis>
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female,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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Francisco de Paula, Potreiro Velho (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="47.9" value="-29.413305">29°24'47.9"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="50" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="36.8" value="-50.260223">50°15'36.8"W</geoCoordinate>
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, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), 05-08.xii.1996, AA Lise leg. (MCTP 14123).
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Paratypes</emphasis>
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: Argentina -
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Buenos Aires</emphasis>
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• 2 females, Sierra de la Ventana, Hotel Provincial,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="38" direction="south" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="17.5" value="-38.138195">38°08'17.5"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="02.6" value="-61.80072">61°48'02.6"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 18.ii.1973 (MACN-AR 24550).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Castanheira & Baptista & Oliveira" authorityYear="2022" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tetragnatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetragnatha pradoi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pradoi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Tetragnatha pradoi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. seems similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nitens" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="nitens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. nitens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, as both species share very elongated and bulky bodies, with abdomen much wider anteriorly, and similar chelicerae (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Tetragnatha pradoi sp. nov. female. A-G. Holotype female (MCTP 14123); A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus; C-F. Left chelicera; C. Upper view; D. Inner view; E. Lower view; F. Outer view; G-H. Female genitalia; G. Genital fold, ventral view; H. Paratype female, internal genitalia, dorsal view (MACN-AR 2455). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C-F); 1 mm (G); 0.2 mm (H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760570" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">18A, B</figureCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.36762" author="Castanheira, PdS" journalOrPublisher="Zoosystematics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="465 - 505" refId="B18" refString="Castanheira, PdS, Baptista, RLC, Pizzeti, DdP, Teixeira, RA, 2019. Contributions to the taxonomy of the long-jawed orb-weaving spider genus Tetragnatha (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) in the Neotropical region, with comments on the morphology of the chelicerae. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (2): 465 - 505, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.36762" title="Contributions to the taxonomy of the long-jawed orb-weaving spider genus Tetragnatha (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) in the Neotropical region, with comments on the morphology of the chelicerae." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.36762" volume="95" year="2019">Castanheira et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
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, fig.15A, B). Differently from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nitens" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="nitens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. nitens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, however,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. pradoi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="pradoi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. pradoi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. has a short tail behind the spinnerets and AXu of the chelicerae is much more elongated, Gu and U2 slightly closer and fangs with an outer cusp and an inner cusp (differing from the basal cusp of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. nitens" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="nitens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. nitens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Tetragnatha pradoi sp. nov. female. A-G. Holotype female (MCTP 14123); A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus; C-F. Left chelicera; C. Upper view; D. Inner view; E. Lower view; F. Outer view; G-H. Female genitalia; G. Genital fold, ventral view; H. Paratype female, internal genitalia, dorsal view (MACN-AR 2455). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C-F); 1 mm (G); 0.2 mm (H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760570" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">18A-E</figureCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.36762" author="Castanheira, PdS" journalOrPublisher="Zoosystematics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="465 - 505" refId="B18" refString="Castanheira, PdS, Baptista, RLC, Pizzeti, DdP, Teixeira, RA, 2019. Contributions to the taxonomy of the long-jawed orb-weaving spider genus Tetragnatha (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) in the Neotropical region, with comments on the morphology of the chelicerae. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (2): 465 - 505, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.36762" title="Contributions to the taxonomy of the long-jawed orb-weaving spider genus Tetragnatha (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) in the Neotropical region, with comments on the morphology of the chelicerae." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.36762" volume="95" year="2019">Castanheira et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
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, figs 15A-I, 16B). Also, the genital fold of this new species is the longest within
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tetragnatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetragnatha" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Tetragnatha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, even longer than that in
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. mandibulata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="mandibulata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. mandibulata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, identifying this species from all other in the genus (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Tetragnatha pradoi sp. nov. female. A-G. Holotype female (MCTP 14123); A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus; C-F. Left chelicera; C. Upper view; D. Inner view; E. Lower view; F. Outer view; G-H. Female genitalia; G. Genital fold, ventral view; H. Paratype female, internal genitalia, dorsal view (MACN-AR 2455). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C-F); 1 mm (G); 0.2 mm (H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760570" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">18G</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760570" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" start="Figure 18" startId="F18">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Figure 18.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Castanheira & Baptista & Oliveira" authorityYear="2022" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tetragnatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetragnatha pradoi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pradoi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Tetragnatha pradoi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. female.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A-G.</emphasis>
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Holotype female (MCTP 14123);
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A.</emphasis>
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Dorsal habitus;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">B.</emphasis>
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Lateral habitus;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">C-F.</emphasis>
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Left chelicera;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">C.</emphasis>
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Upper view;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">D.</emphasis>
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Inner view;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">E.</emphasis>
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Lower view;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">F.</emphasis>
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Outer view;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">G-H.</emphasis>
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Female genitalia;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">G.</emphasis>
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Genital fold, ventral view;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">H.</emphasis>
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Paratype female, internal genitalia, dorsal view (MACN-AR 2455). Scale bars: 2 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">A, B</emphasis>
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); 0.5 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">C-F</emphasis>
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); 1 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">G</emphasis>
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); 0.2 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">H</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Female (based on holotype MCTP 14123)</emphasis>
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: Carapace elongated, flattened and orange-brown, with two dark parallel lines from eyes, passing through fovea towards posterior rim (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Tetragnatha pradoi sp. nov. female. A-G. Holotype female (MCTP 14123); A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus; C-F. Left chelicera; C. Upper view; D. Inner view; E. Lower view; F. Outer view; G-H. Female genitalia; G. Genital fold, ventral view; H. Paratype female, internal genitalia, dorsal view (MACN-AR 2455). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C-F); 1 mm (G); 0.2 mm (H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760570" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">18A</figureCitation>
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). Labium l longer than wide and light brown. Sternum oval and light brown. AME and PME almost touching, and ALE and PLE touching (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Tetragnatha pradoi sp. nov. female. A-G. Holotype female (MCTP 14123); A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus; C-F. Left chelicera; C. Upper view; D. Inner view; E. Lower view; F. Outer view; G-H. Female genitalia; G. Genital fold, ventral view; H. Paratype female, internal genitalia, dorsal view (MACN-AR 2455). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C-F); 1 mm (G); 0.2 mm (H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760570" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">18A</figureCitation>
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). Legs very long, orange-brown (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Tetragnatha pradoi sp. nov. female. A-G. Holotype female (MCTP 14123); A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus; C-F. Left chelicera; C. Upper view; D. Inner view; E. Lower view; F. Outer view; G-H. Female genitalia; G. Genital fold, ventral view; H. Paratype female, internal genitalia, dorsal view (MACN-AR 2455). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C-F); 1 mm (G); 0.2 mm (H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760570" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">18A, B</figureCitation>
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). Chelicera paturon around 3.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than wide, 1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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shorter than carapace and around 20° from body median line, with orange-brown colour hue, (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Tetragnatha pradoi sp. nov. female. A-G. Holotype female (MCTP 14123); A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus; C-F. Left chelicera; C. Upper view; D. Inner view; E. Lower view; F. Outer view; G-H. Female genitalia; G. Genital fold, ventral view; H. Paratype female, internal genitalia, dorsal view (MACN-AR 2455). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C-F); 1 mm (G); 0.2 mm (H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760570" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">18A, C-F</figureCitation>
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). AXu elongated, pointed and distalward projected, with very large basis (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Tetragnatha pradoi sp. nov. female. A-G. Holotype female (MCTP 14123); A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus; C-F. Left chelicera; C. Upper view; D. Inner view; E. Lower view; F. Outer view; G-H. Female genitalia; G. Genital fold, ventral view; H. Paratype female, internal genitalia, dorsal view (MACN-AR 2455). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C-F); 1 mm (G); 0.2 mm (H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760570" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">18C, D</figureCitation>
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). Upper row with eight teeth distalward projected (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Tetragnatha pradoi sp. nov. female. A-G. Holotype female (MCTP 14123); A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus; C-F. Left chelicera; C. Upper view; D. Inner view; E. Lower view; F. Outer view; G-H. Female genitalia; G. Genital fold, ventral view; H. Paratype female, internal genitalia, dorsal view (MACN-AR 2455). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C-F); 1 mm (G); 0.2 mm (H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760570" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">18C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
): Gu long and pointed, similar to AXu. but with narrow basis, and located on fang furrow, apart from U2 by a moderate gap; U2 similar to Gu and apart from it and U3 by moderate gaps of the same length; U3-U8 pointed and decreasing in size. AXl absent (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Tetragnatha pradoi sp. nov. female. A-G. Holotype female (MCTP 14123); A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus; C-F. Left chelicera; C. Upper view; D. Inner view; E. Lower view; F. Outer view; G-H. Female genitalia; G. Genital fold, ventral view; H. Paratype female, internal genitalia, dorsal view (MACN-AR 2455). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C-F); 1 mm (G); 0.2 mm (H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760570" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">18D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lower row with eleven teeth distalward projected (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Tetragnatha pradoi sp. nov. female. A-G. Holotype female (MCTP 14123); A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus; C-F. Left chelicera; C. Upper view; D. Inner view; E. Lower view; F. Outer view; G-H. Female genitalia; G. Genital fold, ventral view; H. Paratype female, internal genitalia, dorsal view (MACN-AR 2455). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C-F); 1 mm (G); 0.2 mm (H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760570" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">18D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
): Gl elongated, pointed and sclerotized, apart from L2 by a large sclerotized gap; L2 with a moderate size, pointed and slightly displaced from the row itself, apart from L3 by a small gap; L3-L11 pointed and decreasing in size, L10 and L11 extremely reduced. Cheliceral fang thick, anteriorly enlarged and uniformly tapering to its tip, bearing a large triangular outer cusp near its basis and a small inner cusp on its first third (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Tetragnatha pradoi sp. nov. female. A-G. Holotype female (MCTP 14123); A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus; C-F. Left chelicera; C. Upper view; D. Inner view; E. Lower view; F. Outer view; G-H. Female genitalia; G. Genital fold, ventral view; H. Paratype female, internal genitalia, dorsal view (MACN-AR 2455). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C-F); 1 mm (G); 0.2 mm (H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760570" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">18C-F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Abdomen almost 3.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than carapace, cylindrical and anteriorly bulging, with beige colour hue, covered by sparse guanine crystals, and having a small tail after the spinnerets (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Tetragnatha pradoi sp. nov. female. A-G. Holotype female (MCTP 14123); A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus; C-F. Left chelicera; C. Upper view; D. Inner view; E. Lower view; F. Outer view; G-H. Female genitalia; G. Genital fold, ventral view; H. Paratype female, internal genitalia, dorsal view (MACN-AR 2455). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C-F); 1 mm (G); 0.2 mm (H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760570" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">18A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Genital fold extremely elongated, around 1.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than wide, narrowed midway, with a rounded posterior rim, and light brown colour hue (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Tetragnatha pradoi sp. nov. female. A-G. Holotype female (MCTP 14123); A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus; C-F. Left chelicera; C. Upper view; D. Inner view; E. Lower view; F. Outer view; G-H. Female genitalia; G. Genital fold, ventral view; H. Paratype female, internal genitalia, dorsal view (MACN-AR 2455). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C-F); 1 mm (G); 0.2 mm (H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760570" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">18G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Internal genitalia with two rounded sclerotized and longer than wide spermathecae, connected to a large
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">uterus externus</emphasis>
|
||
and a cylindrical central membranous sac (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Tetragnatha pradoi sp. nov. female. A-G. Holotype female (MCTP 14123); A. Dorsal habitus; B. Lateral habitus; C-F. Left chelicera; C. Upper view; D. Inner view; E. Lower view; F. Outer view; G-H. Female genitalia; G. Genital fold, ventral view; H. Paratype female, internal genitalia, dorsal view (MACN-AR 2455). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C-F); 1 mm (G); 0.2 mm (H)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760570" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">18H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
Total length 11.1. Carapace 2.6 long, 1.5 wide. Abdomen 8.7 long, 2.1 wide. Left chelicera 1.8 long, 0.6 wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
|
||
The specific epithet "
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Castanheira & Baptista & Oliveira" authorityYear="2022" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tetragnatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetragnatha pradoi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pradoi">Tetragnatha pradoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
" is a patronym honouring
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="André">Andre</normalizedToken>
|
||
Wanderley do Prado, work-colleague and friend of the authors, who gave a great deal of support throughout the development of all manuscripts on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tetragnatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetragnatha" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Tetragnatha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Tibia, metatarsus and tarsus of the legs of the holotype were missing and consequently not measured.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Females (n = 3): total length, 8.2 - 11.1. Specimens do not conspicuously vary in colouration.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
|
||
From Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul state) to Argentina (Buenos Aires province) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Distribution of T. amazonica sp. nov., T. didorata sp. nov. and T. pradoi sp. nov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760571" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">19</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/760571" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" start="Figure 19" startId="F19">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Figure 19.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. amazonica" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="amazonica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. amazonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. didorata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="didorata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. didorata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. pradoi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="pradoi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. pradoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="life history and habitat preferences">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Life history and habitat preferences.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
|
||
The only three females of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. pradoi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" rank="species" species="pradoi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">T. pradoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. we examined were collected in February and December. No information on habitat preferences was provided on the original labels.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Nomina dubia</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
|
||
The types of the following species are immature or presumed lost. Therefore, we are not able to correctly recognize the species. We cannot precisely identify them, nor clearly diagnose them in relation to other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tetragnatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetragnatha" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Tetragnatha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We considered a species as
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
whenever its type-series was lost and original illustrations and descriptions were not very diagnostic, or when immatures could not be associated with adults.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |