159 lines
14 KiB
XML
159 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1206/352.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5405335" approvalRequired="503" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="62" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="429" approvalRequired_for_treatments="12" checkinTime="1630345222680" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Nesbitt, Sterling J." docDate="2011" docId="357D771BFFB7FFBCEFDDFA11FD43FBE9" docLanguage="en" docName="B352.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2011 (352)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/352.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C5E2DA72A22EF33813C92A197453A310.3:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="C5E2DA72A22EF33813C92A197453A310" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Lotosaurus adentus Zhang 1975" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="C9440F63FFABFFA0EF17FFF9FFBFFF8E" masterDocTitle="The Early Evolution Of Archosaurs: Relationships And The Origin Of Major Clades" masterLastPageNumber="292" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1631052925311" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Early Evolution Of Archosaurs: Relationships And The Origin Of Major Clades</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nesbitt, Sterling J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2011-04-29</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>2011</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>352</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>292</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/352.1</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1206/352.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0003-0090</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5405335</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:357D771BFFB7FFBCEFDDFA11FD43FBE9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/357D771BFFB7FFBCEFDDFA11FD43FBE9" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="28.[202,580,1511,1534]" box="[202,580,1511,1534]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<heading box="[202,580,1511,1534]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName authority="Zhang, 1975" authorityName="Zhang" authorityYear="1975" box="[202,580,1511,1534]" class="Reptilia" family="Lotosauridae" genus="Lotosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thecodontia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adentus">
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<emphasis box="[202,424,1511,1534]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Lotosaurus adentus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Zhang, F. K." box="[433,580,1511,1533]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="144 - 147" refId="ref203879" refString="Zhang, F. K. 1975. A new thecodont Lotosaurus, from the Middle Triassic of Hunan. Vertebrata Palasiatica 13: 144 - 147." type="journal article" year="1975">Zhang, 1975</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="28.[128,654,1556,1759]" box="[156,591,1556,1580]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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AGE: Middle Triassic (
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<bibRefCitation author="Zhang, F. K." box="[427,579,1557,1580]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="144 - 147" refId="ref203879" refString="Zhang, F. K. 1975. A new thecodont Lotosaurus, from the Middle Triassic of Hunan. Vertebrata Palasiatica 13: 144 - 147." type="journal article" year="1975">Zhang, 1975</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="28.[128,654,1556,1759]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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OCCURRENCE: Batung Formation,
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<collectingRegion country="China" name="Hunan" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Hunan Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[246,317,1617,1639]" name="China" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">China</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Zhang, F. K." box="[334,486,1617,1639]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="144 - 147" refId="ref203879" refString="Zhang, F. K. 1975. A new thecodont Lotosaurus, from the Middle Triassic of Hunan. Vertebrata Palasiatica 13: 144 - 147." type="journal article" year="1975">Zhang, 1975</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="28.[128,654,1556,1759]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<typeStatus box="[156,284,1646,1670]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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: Unspecified, either IVPP V4880 or V4881.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="28.[128,654,1556,1759]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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REFERRED MATERIAL: IVPP
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<accessionNumber box="[538,650,1708,1729]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/V48013" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">V 48013</accessionNumber>
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, skull, articulated and disarticulated remains
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="28.[701,1228,213,1127]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">of at least?10 individuals from a monotypic bonebed (unnumbered).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="28.[701,1228,213,1127]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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REMARKS:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhang" authorityYear="1975" box="[868,995,273,294]" class="Reptilia" family="Lotosauridae" genus="Lotosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thecodontia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[868,995,273,294]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Lotosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a highly specialized archosaur from the Middle Triassic of
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<collectingCountry box="[701,772,332,354]" name="China" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">China</collectingCountry>
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with elongated neural spines forming a sail, robust fore- and hind limbs, and a peculiar skull with an edentulous beak. In a preliminary description,
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<bibRefCitation author="Zhang, F. K." box="[993,1151,421,443]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="144 - 147" refId="ref203879" refString="Zhang, F. K. 1975. A new thecodont Lotosaurus, from the Middle Triassic of Hunan. Vertebrata Palasiatica 13: 144 - 147." type="journal article" year="1975">Zhang (1975)</bibRefCitation>
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noted that
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhang" authorityYear="1975" box="[767,894,452,473]" class="Reptilia" family="Lotosauridae" genus="Lotosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thecodontia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[767,894,452,473]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Lotosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may be related to other archosaur taxa with elongated neural spines (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kuhn" authorityYear="1964" box="[774,944,511,532]" class="Reptilia" family="Ctenosauriscidae" genus="Ctenosauriscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thecodontia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[774,944,511,532]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ctenosauriscus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and others have followed this line of thought (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation author="Carroll, R. L." pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref186710" refString="Carroll, R. L. 1988. Vertebrate paleontology and evolution. New York: W. H. Freeman, 698 pp." type="book" year="1988">Carroll, 1988</bibRefCitation>
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). Nesbitt (2007) went further and described some of the features
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhang" authorityYear="1975" box="[1101,1228,600,621]" class="Reptilia" family="Lotosauridae" genus="Lotosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thecodontia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1101,1228,600,621]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Lotosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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shared with taxa such as
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<taxonomicName box="[1010,1173,630,651]" class="Reptilia" family="Ctenosauriscidae" genus="Arizonasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thecodontia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1010,1173,630,651]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Arizonasaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Nesbitt" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[701,779,659,680]" class="Reptilia" family="Shuvosauridae" genus="Effigia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[701,779,659,680]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Effigia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and found
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhang" authorityYear="1975" box="[932,1059,660,681]" class="Reptilia" family="Lotosauridae" genus="Lotosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thecodontia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[932,1059,660,681]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Lotosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to be closely related to these taxa in a position just outside ‘‘clade Y’’ (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[842,865,717,740]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">5</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Chatterjee" authorityYear="1993" box="[876,1052,719,741]" class="Reptilia" family="Shuvosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Shuvosauridae</taxonomicName>
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). As explained by Nesbitt (2007), if
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhang" authorityYear="1975" box="[986,1113,749,770]" class="Reptilia" family="Lotosauridae" genus="Lotosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thecodontia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[986,1113,749,770]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Lotosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is more closely related to
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="sensu Nesbitt" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[931,1073,777,800]" class="Reptilia" family="Shuvosauridae" genus="Shuvosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[931,1073,777,800]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Shuvosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Nesbitt" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[1149,1227,778,799]" class="Reptilia" family="Shuvosauridae" genus="Effigia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1149,1227,778,799]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Effigia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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than to
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<taxonomicName box="[792,954,808,829]" class="Reptilia" family="Ctenosauriscidae" genus="Arizonasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thecodontia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[792,954,808,829]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Arizonasaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the ctenosauriscids (as proposed by
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<bibRefCitation author="Nesbitt, S. J." box="[858,1030,837,859]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="19 - 47" refId="ref195136" refString="Nesbitt, S. J. 2005 a. The osteology of the Middle Triassic pseudosuchian archosaur Arizonasaurus babbitti. Historical Biology 17: 19 - 47." type="journal article" year="2005">Nesbitt, 2005a</bibRefCitation>
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) would be paraphyletic. A full description of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhang" authorityYear="1975" box="[1071,1198,868,889]" class="Reptilia" family="Lotosauridae" genus="Lotosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thecodontia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1071,1198,868,889]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Lotosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is currently underway.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="28.[701,1228,213,1127]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhang" authorityYear="1975" box="[731,858,928,949]" class="Reptilia" family="Lotosauridae" genus="Lotosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thecodontia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[731,858,928,949]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Lotosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from all other archosaurs by the combination of a sail formed from the elongation of the neural spines of the presacral vertebrae and the presence of edentulous premaxillae, maxillae, and dentaries.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="key">
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<paragraph blockId="28.[701,1228,213,1127]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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KEY REFERENCES:
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<bibRefCitation author="Zhang, F. K." box="[964,1118,1076,1099]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="144 - 147" refId="ref203879" refString="Zhang, F. K. 1975. A new thecodont Lotosaurus, from the Middle Triassic of Hunan. Vertebrata Palasiatica 13: 144 - 147." type="journal article" year="1975">Zhang, 1975</bibRefCitation>
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; Nesbitt, 2007.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |