172 lines
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172 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1206/352.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5405335" approvalRequired="503" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="62" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="429" approvalRequired_for_treatments="12" checkinTime="1630345222680" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Nesbitt, Sterling J." docDate="2011" docId="357D771BFF8EFF86EDC0FA54FB3BFD4D" docLanguage="en" docName="B352.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2011 (352)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/352.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C5E2DA72A22EF33813C92A197453A310.3:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="C5E2DA72A22EF33813C92A197453A310" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Hesperosuchus agilis Colbert 1952" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="C9440F63FFABFFA0EF17FFF9FFBFFF8E" masterDocTitle="The Early Evolution Of Archosaurs: Relationships And The Origin Of Major Clades" masterLastPageNumber="292" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1631052925311" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Early Evolution Of Archosaurs: Relationships And The Origin Of Major Clades</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Nesbitt, Sterling J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2011-04-29</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>2011</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>352</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>292</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/352.1</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1206/352.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0003-0090</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5405335</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:357D771BFF8EFF86EDC0FA54FB3BFD4D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/357D771BFF8EFF86EDC0FA54FB3BFD4D" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="37.[727,1133,1453,1476]" box="[727,1133,1453,1476]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<heading box="[727,1133,1453,1476]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName authority="Colbert, 1952" authorityName="Colbert" authorityYear="1952" box="[727,1133,1453,1476]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphenosuchidae" genus="Hesperosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prolacertiformes" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agilis">
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<emphasis box="[727,964,1453,1476]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Hesperosuchus agilis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Colbert, E. H." box="[973,1133,1453,1475]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="561 - 592" refId="ref187623" refString="Colbert, E. H. 1952. A pseudosuchian reptile from Arizona. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 99 (10): 561 - 592." type="journal article" year="1952">Colbert, 1952</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="37.[667,1193,1498,1759]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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AGE:?Early Norian, Late Triassic (
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<bibRefCitation author="Lucas, S. G." pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="347 - 384" refId="ref193654" refString="Lucas, S. G. 1998 a. Global Triassic tetrapod biostratigraphy and biochronology. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoeocology 143: 347 - 384." type="journal article" year="1998">Lucas, 1998a</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="37.[667,1193,1498,1759]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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OCCURRENCE: Blue Mesa Member, Chinle Formation near Cameron,
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<collectingRegion box="[985,1080,1589,1611]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Arizona</collectingRegion>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Colbert, E. H." pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="561 - 592" refId="ref187623" refString="Colbert, E. H. 1952. A pseudosuchian reptile from Arizona. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 99 (10): 561 - 592." type="journal article" year="1952">Colbert, 1952</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="37.[667,1193,1498,1759]" lastBlockId="38.[128,654,213,1759]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<typeStatus box="[696,824,1647,1671]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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: AMNH FR 6758, portions of the skull including the quadrate, maxillae, dentaries, portion of the premaxilla, part of the nasal, part of the jugal, part of the squamosal, partial braincase (opisthotic, basioccipital), cervical, dorsal, and caudal vertebrae, osteoderms, humerus, ulna, radius, partial radiale, parts of the manus, femora, tibiae, fibulae, partially articulated pes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="38.[128,654,213,1759]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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REMARKS:
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<bibRefCitation author="Colbert, E. H." box="[294,466,360,382]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="561 - 592" refId="ref187623" refString="Colbert, E. H. 1952. A pseudosuchian reptile from Arizona. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 99 (10): 561 - 592." type="journal article" year="1952">Colbert (1952)</bibRefCitation>
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named
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Sphenosuchidae" genus="Hesperosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prolacertiformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Hesperosuchus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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for a partially eroded, articulated specimen from the base of the Chinle Formation that was collected by Barnum Brown. The well-preserved specimen is threedimensionally preserved, but many of the delicate elements are missing or unidentifiable.
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<bibRefCitation author="Colbert, E. H." box="[191,360,565,587]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="561 - 592" refId="ref187623" refString="Colbert, E. H. 1952. A pseudosuchian reptile from Arizona. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 99 (10): 561 - 592." type="journal article" year="1952">Colbert (1952)</bibRefCitation>
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made a few errors in the identification of elements in his description, but
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<bibRefCitation author="Walker, A. D." box="[178,347,623,645]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="323 - 372" refId="ref202353" refString="Walker, A. D. 1970. A revision of the Jurassic reptile Hallopus victor (Marsh), with remarks on the classification of crocodiles. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B Biological Sciences 257: 323 - 372." type="journal article" year="1970">Walker (1970)</bibRefCitation>
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corrected these mistakes. For example, the ‘‘pterygoid’’ (
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<bibRefCitation author="Colbert, E. H." box="[488,650,652,674]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="561 - 592" refId="ref187623" refString="Colbert, E. H. 1952. A pseudosuchian reptile from Arizona. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 99 (10): 561 - 592." type="journal article" year="1952">Colbert, 1952</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 9) is actually a sacral rib from the first primordial sacral.
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<bibRefCitation author="Bonaparte, J. F." box="[346,551,711,733]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 183" refId="ref184891" refString="Bonaparte, J. F. 1971. Los tetrapodos del sector superior de la Formacion Los Colorados, La Rioja, Argentina. (Triasico Superior) I parte. Opera Lilloana 22: 1 - 183." type="journal article" year="1971">Bonaparte (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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suggest- ed that there are two individuals in the
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<typeStatus box="[128,234,769,791]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">holotype</typeStatus>
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. However, there are no apparent duplications of any of the elements.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="38.[128,654,213,1759]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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Most crocodylomorph-like bones and associated skeletons from the Chinle Formation and Dockum Group have been assigned to
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<taxonomicName box="[166,334,916,939]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphenosuchidae" genus="Hesperosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prolacertiformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[166,334,916,939]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Hesperosuchus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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without specific justification (
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<bibRefCitation author="Parrish, J. M." box="[193,353,946,968]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="198 - 212" refId="ref197729" refString="Parrish, J. M. 1991. A new specimen of an early crocodylomorph (cf. Sphenosuchus sp.) from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 11: 198 - 212." type="journal article" year="1991">Parrish, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Long, R. A. & P. A. Murry" box="[369,650,946,968]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 254" refId="ref193609" refString="Long, R. A., and P. A. Murry. 1995. Late Triassic (Carnian and Norian) tetrapods from the southwestern United States. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 4: 1 - 254." type="journal article" year="1995">Long and Murry, 1995</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Clark, J. M. & H. D. Sues & D. S. Berman" box="[128,365,975,998]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="683 - 704" refId="ref187498" refString="Clark, J. M., H. D. Sues, and D. S. Berman. 2000. A new specimen of Hesperosuchus agilis from the Upper Triassic of New Mexico and the interrelationships of basal crocodylomorph archosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20: 683 - 704." type="journal article" year="2000">Clark et al., 2000</bibRefCitation>
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). The better preserved specimens from the
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<taxonomicName authority="Quarry" authorityName="Quarry" box="[361,588,1004,1027]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Coelophysis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[361,496,1004,1027]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Coelophysis</emphasis>
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Quarry
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</taxonomicName>
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from the top of Chinle Formation have been separated out as a separate terminal taxon (see below). Here, I score only the
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<typeStatus box="[551,653,1092,1114]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">holotype</typeStatus>
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for this terminal taxon.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="38.[128,654,213,1759]" lastBlockId="38.[701,1228,213,708]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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Much of the skeleton of
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<taxonomicName box="[485,653,1151,1174]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphenosuchidae" genus="Hesperosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prolacertiformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[485,653,1151,1174]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Hesperosuchus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was eroded before Barnum Brown recovered it in the 1930s. Brown and the AMNH preparators screen-washed thousands of pounds of matrix and recovered bone fragments from the resultant concentrate. Hundreds of bone fragments, teeth, and pieces of the
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<typeStatus box="[173,275,1357,1379]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName box="[319,487,1356,1379]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphenosuchidae" genus="Hesperosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prolacertiformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[319,487,1356,1379]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Hesperosuchus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were separat- ed.
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<bibRefCitation author="Colbert, E. H." box="[175,367,1386,1408]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="561 - 592" refId="ref187623" refString="Colbert, E. H. 1952. A pseudosuchian reptile from Arizona. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 99 (10): 561 - 592." type="journal article" year="1952">Colbert’s (1952)</bibRefCitation>
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description focused on the material recovered in situ and the obvious bones collected on the surface. However, some of the bones described by Colbert belong to a dinosauromorph (e.g., the elongated metatarsals, one of the humeri), the sacral vertebra belongs to
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<taxonomicName authority="(Nesbitt et al., 2009 a)" baseAuthorityName="Nesbitt" baseAuthorityYear="2009" class="Reptilia" family="Doswelliidae" genus="Vancleavea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[524,653,1561,1584]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Vancleavea</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Nesbitt, S. J. & M. R. Stocker & B. Small & A. Downs" box="[135,396,1591,1613]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="814 - 864" refId="ref195681" refString="Nesbitt, S. J., M. R. Stocker, B. Small, and A. Downs. 2009 a. The osteology and relationships of Vancleavea campi (Reptilia: Archosauriformes). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157: 814 - 864." type="journal article" year="2009">Nesbitt et al., 2009a</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, and other material collected at the locality represents the remains of fishes, phytosaurs, amphibians, or other archosaurs. Fortunately, the preservation of the
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<typeStatus box="[288,390,1708,1730]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName box="[450,618,1707,1730]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphenosuchidae" genus="Hesperosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prolacertiformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[450,618,1707,1730]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Hesperosuchus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is unique among the other bones; the weakly weathered or in situ bones are a dark chocolate brown and the weathered bones are orange to yellow, whereas the other fragments are blue, black, tan, or dark grey. Furthermore, the outer surfaces of the bones of the
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<typeStatus box="[779,881,360,382]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName box="[923,1091,360,383]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphenosuchidae" genus="Hesperosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prolacertiformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[923,1091,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Hesperosuchus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are exquisitely preserved. These two factors allow the fragments of
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<taxonomicName box="[861,1029,419,442]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphenosuchidae" genus="Hesperosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prolacertiformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[861,1029,419,442]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Hesperosuchus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to be separated. As a result, parts of the skull (squamosal, nasal), osteoderms, pelvis, and manus were recovered. Furthermore, the screen-washed material was distributed throughout the fossil vertebrate collections at AMNH. I found parts of the
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<typeStatus box="[851,953,597,619]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName box="[998,1166,596,619]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphenosuchidae" genus="Hesperosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prolacertiformes" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[998,1166,596,619]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Hesperosuchus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with the aetosaurs and parareptiles.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="key">
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<paragraph blockId="38.[701,1228,213,708]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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KEY REFERENCES:
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<bibRefCitation author="Colbert, E. H." box="[958,1121,657,679]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="561 - 592" refId="ref187623" refString="Colbert, E. H. 1952. A pseudosuchian reptile from Arizona. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 99 (10): 561 - 592." type="journal article" year="1952">Colbert, 1952</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Walker, A. D." pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="323 - 372" refId="ref202353" refString="Walker, A. D. 1970. A revision of the Jurassic reptile Hallopus victor (Marsh), with remarks on the classification of crocodiles. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B Biological Sciences 257: 323 - 372." type="journal article" year="1970">Walker, 1970</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Parrish, J. M." box="[772,930,686,708]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="198 - 212" refId="ref197729" refString="Parrish, J. M. 1991. A new specimen of an early crocodylomorph (cf. Sphenosuchus sp.) from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 11: 198 - 212." type="journal article" year="1991">Parrish, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Clark, J. M. & H. D. Sues & D. S. Berman" box="[944,1153,686,708]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="683 - 704" refId="ref187498" refString="Clark, J. M., H. D. Sues, and D. S. Berman. 2000. A new specimen of Hesperosuchus agilis from the Upper Triassic of New Mexico and the interrelationships of basal crocodylomorph archosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20: 683 - 704." type="journal article" year="2000">Clark et al., 2000</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |