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<document id="F8A0F6CA33C54E76410701B0C4F5CC1D" ID-DOI="10.1206/352.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5405335" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630345222680" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Nesbitt, Sterling J." docDate="2011" docId="357D771BFF79FF72EFE8FC09FCA8F951" docLanguage="en" docName="B352.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2011 (352)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/352.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C5E2DA72A22EF33813C92A197453A310.5:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="C5E2DA72A22EF33813C92A197453A310" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Saurischia Seeley 1887" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="211" masterDocId="C9440F63FFABFFA0EF17FFF9FFBFFF8E" masterDocTitle="The Early Evolution Of Archosaurs: Relationships And The Origin Of Major Clades" masterLastPageNumber="292" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="211" updateTime="1699237083337" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="0231805B975FB6E97D9FE584DF301081">The Early Evolution Of Archosaurs: Relationships And The Origin Of Major Clades</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="BD6BC60DFF79FF72EFE8FC09FDECFBAA" blockId="210.[186,595,1008,1061]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
<taxonomicName id="7AD4BD8EFF79FF72EFE8FC09FDB0FB88" authority="Seeley, 1887" authorityName="Seeley" authorityYear="1887" box="[255,527,1008,1030]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">
Saurischia
<bibRefCitation id="D945BBFCFF79FF72EE97FC09FDB0FB88" author="Seeley, H. G." box="[384,527,1008,1030]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" pagination="165 - 171" refId="ref199815" refString="Seeley, H. G. 1887. On the classification of the fossil animals commonly named Dinosauria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 43: 165 - 171." type="journal article" year="1887">Seeley, 1887</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="8FA01A1FFF79FF72EFADFBF7FF6EFBAB" bold="true" box="[186,209,1038,1061]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">5</emphasis>
Eusaurischia
<bibRefCitation id="D945BBFCFF79FF72EE6FFBF6FDECFBAA" author="Padian, K. &amp; J. R. Hutchinson &amp; T. R. Holtz, Jr." box="[376,595,1039,1061]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" pagination="69 - 80" refId="ref197233" refString="Padian, K., J. R. Hutchinson, and T. R. Holtz, Jr. 1999. Phylogenetic definitions and nomenclature of the major taxonomic categories of the carnivorous Dinosauria (Theropoda). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19: 69 - 80." type="journal article" year="1999">Padian et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F5CE9586FF79FF72EF8BFBC2FD56FBD4" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" type="description">
<paragraph id="BD6BC60DFF79FF72EF8BFBC2FE5DFB00" blockId="210.[128,654,1083,1759]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
ORIGINAL DEFINITION: Birds and all dinosaurs that are closer to birds than they are to
<taxonomicName id="7AD4BD8EFF79FF72EF97FB81FE61FB00" authority="(Gauthier, 1986)" baseAuthorityName="Gauthier" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[128,478,1144,1166]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">
Ornithischia (
<bibRefCitation id="D945BBFCFF79FF72EE37FB81FE69FB00" author="Gauthier, J. A." box="[288,470,1144,1166]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref189546" refString="Gauthier, J. A. 1986. Saurischian monophyly and the origin of birds. Memoirs of the California Academy of Science 8: 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="1986">Gauthier, 1986</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BD6BC60DFF79FF72EF8BFB6CFF78FACE" blockId="210.[128,654,1083,1759]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
REVISED DEFINITION: Node: The most inclusive clade containing
<taxonomicName id="7AD4BD8EFF79FF72EEABFB4CFE80FB69" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Passeridae" genus="Passer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="domesticus">
<emphasis id="8FA01A1FFF79FF72EEABFB4CFD31FB44" box="[444,654,1203,1226]" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Passer domesticus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D945BBFCFF79FF72EF97FB28FE80FB69" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[128,319,1233,1255]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" refId="ref193503" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae. Vol. 1. Regnum animale. 10 th [photographic facsimile] ed. Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, 823 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="7AD4BD8EFF79FF72EE82FB28FE6FFA8A" authority="Bonaparte and Powell, 1980" authorityName="Bonaparte and Powell" authorityYear="1980" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Saltasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loricatus">
<emphasis id="8FA01A1FFF79FF72EE82FB28FD31FB66" box="[405,654,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Saltasaurus loricatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D945BBFCFF79FF72EF97FB09FE6FFA8A" author="Bonaparte, J. F. &amp; J. E. Powell" box="[128,464,1263,1285]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" pagination="19 - 28" refId="ref185090" refString="Bonaparte, J. F., and J. E. Powell. 1980. A continental assemblage of tetrapods from the Upper Cretaceous beds of El Brete, northwestern Argentina (Sauropoda - Coelurosauria - Carnosauria - Aves). Memoires de la Societe Geologique de France 139: 19 - 28." type="journal article" year="1980">Bonaparte and Powell, 1980</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, but not
<taxonomicName id="7AD4BD8EFF79FF72ED29FB09FF7CFACE" authority="(Marsh, 1889) (sensu Sereno, 2005)" authorityName="sensu Sereno" authorityYear="2005" baseAuthorityName="Marsh" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Triceratops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="horridus">
<emphasis id="8FA01A1FFF79FF72ED29FB09FE9BFAAD" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Triceratops horridus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D945BBFCFF79FF72EE2FFAF4FE6FFAAD" author="Marsh, O. C." box="[312,464,1293,1315]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" pagination="173 - 175" refId="ref194442" refString="Marsh, O. C. 1889. Notice of gigantic horned Dinosauria from the Cretaceous. American Journal of Science 38: 173 - 175." type="journal article" year="1889">Marsh, 1889</bibRefCitation>
) (sensu Sereno, 2005)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BD6BC60DFF79FF72EF8BFABEFE3FFA39" blockId="210.[128,654,1083,1759]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
TEMPORAL RANGE: Late Triassic (?Carnianearly Norian,
<taxonomicName id="7AD4BD8EFF79FF72EE67FA9EFEE4FA17" authority="Reig, 1963" authorityName="Reig" authorityYear="1963" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ischigualastensis">
<emphasis id="8FA01A1FFF79FF72EE67FA9EFF68FA17" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D945BBFCFF79FF72EFC9FA7AFEE4FA17" author="Reig, O. A." box="[222,347,1411,1433]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" pagination="3 - 20" refId="ref198645" refString="Reig, O. A. 1963. La presencia de dinosaurios saurisquios en los '' Estratos de Ischigualasto' ' (Mesotriasico superior) de las provincias de San Juan y La Rioja (Republico Argentina). Ameghiniana 3: 3 - 20." type="journal article" year="1963">Reig, 1963</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) to Recent (
<taxonomicName id="7AD4BD8EFF79FF72EEFCFA7DFECCFA39" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Passeridae" genus="Passer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="domesticus">
<emphasis id="8FA01A1FFF79FF72EEFCFA7DFF0BFA39" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Passer domesticus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D945BBFCFF79FF72EFAAFA58FECCFA39" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[189,371,1441,1463]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" refId="ref193503" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae. Vol. 1. Regnum animale. 10 th [photographic facsimile] ed. Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, 823 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BD6BC60DFF79FF72EF8BFA44FD56FBD4" blockId="210.[128,654,1083,1759]" lastBlockId="210.[701,1228,213,1759]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
SUPPORT: (1) Subnarial foramen between the premaxilla-maxilla where the border of the foramen is present on both the maxilla and the premaxilla (12-1)*. (2) Lacrimal folds over (
<emphasis id="8FA01A1FFF79FF72EE37F9CDFE88F9C5" bold="true" box="[288,311,1588,1611]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">5</emphasis>
overhangs) the posterior/ posterodorsal part of the antorbital fenestra (38-1)*. (3) Ventral ramus of the opisthotic covered by the lateralmost edge of exoccipital in posterior view (111-1). (4) Foramen in the ventral part of the splenial (165-1)*. (5) Epipophyses present in posterior cervical vertebrae (cervicals 69) (187-1). (6) Hyposphene-hypantrum accessory intervertebral articulations in the posterior cervical and/or dorsal vertebrae (195-1)*. (7) First primordial sacral rib C-shaped in lateral view (209- 1)*. (8) Manual length accounts for more than 0.3 but less than 0.4 of the total length of humerus plus radius (247-1). (9) Distal carpal V absent (249-1)*. (10) Manual digit I, first phalanx (1.1) is the longest nonungual phalanx of the manus (253-1)*. (11) Lateral distal condyle strongly distally expanded relative to medial condyle of metacarpal I (254-1). (12) Metacarpal IV shaft width significantly narrower than that of metacarpals IIII (261-1). (13) Distal end of pubis expanded relative to the shaft (
<emphasis id="8FA01A1FFF79FF72EBA3FD3CFB74FD52" bold="true" box="[1204,1227,709,732]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">5</emphasis>
pubis boot) (283-1). (14) Cross section of the distal portion of the ischium subtriangular (293-2). (15) Deep groove between the lateral condyle and crista tibiofibularis on the distal surface of the femur (322-1). (16) Posterior prong of distal tarsal 4 pointed (350-1)*. (17) Distal tarsal 4 with a distinct medial process present in the anteroposteri- or middle of the element (351-1)*. (18) Astragalus, proximal surface possesses a marked rimmed and elliptical fossa posteri- or to the anterior ascending process (359- 1)*.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F5CE9586FF79FF72EDCCFB9BFCA8F951" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="BD6BC60DFF79FF72EDCCFB9BFCA8F951" blockId="210.[701,1228,213,1759]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
Other possible synapomorphies:
<emphasis id="8FA01A1FFF79FF72EB8CFB9BFC98FB1B" bold="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">AC- CTRAN:</emphasis>
Nasal possesses a posterolateral process that envelops part of the anterior ramus of the lacrimal (36-1). Absent in
<taxonomicName id="7AD4BD8EFF79FF72EDAAFB21FCDEFB63" box="[701,865,1240,1261]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8FA01A1FFF79FF72EDAAFB21FCDEFB63" box="[701,865,1240,1261]" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Herrerasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
according to
<bibRefCitation id="D945BBFCFF79FF72EB23FB21FCCDFA84" author="Langer, M. C. &amp; M. J. Benton" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" pagination="309 - 358" refId="ref193175" refString="Langer, M. C., and M. J. Benton. 2006. Early dinosaurs: a phylogenetic study. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 4: 309 - 358." type="journal article" year="2006">Langer and Benton (2006)</bibRefCitation>
; nasal forms part of the dorsal border of the antorbital fossa (37- 1). Absent in
<taxonomicName id="7AD4BD8EFF79FF72EC6DFAC9FBA1FACB" box="[890,1054,1328,1349]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8FA01A1FFF79FF72EC6DFAC9FBA1FACB" box="[890,1054,1328,1349]" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Herrerasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
according to
<bibRefCitation id="D945BBFCFF79FF72EDAAFAB4FC42FAEC" author="Langer, M. C. &amp; M. J. Benton" box="[701,1021,1356,1378]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" pagination="309 - 358" refId="ref193175" refString="Langer, M. C., and M. J. Benton. 2006. Early dinosaurs: a phylogenetic study. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 4: 309 - 358." type="journal article" year="2006">Langer and Benton (2006)</bibRefCitation>
; lacrimal as high as the orbit, and contacts the jugal at the level of the ventral margin of the orbit (39- 1). Absent in
<taxonomicName id="7AD4BD8EFF79FF72EC64FA5CFBA9FA34" box="[883,1046,1445,1466]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8FA01A1FFF79FF72EC64FA5CFBA9FA34" box="[883,1046,1445,1466]" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Herrerasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; femur longer or about the same length as the tibia/fibula (299-0); rounded ridge (
<emphasis id="8FA01A1FFF79FF72EB19FA27FB9AFA7B" bold="true" box="[1038,1061,1502,1525]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">5</emphasis>
dorsolateral trochanter of some) on the dorsolateral margin of the proximal portion of the femur (307-1); proximal portion of metatarsal IV possesses an elongated lateral expansion that overlaps the anterior surface of metatarsal V (392-1); metatarsal V present and has a poorly developed first phalanx (399-1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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