330 lines
29 KiB
XML
330 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.596.9080" ID-GBIF-Dataset="182417ca-76c4-4a5b-b82e-532ff6ae05e6" ID-PMC="PMC4926653" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-596-39" ID-PubMed="27408575" ID-ZBK="26F4D967779F419E8334C0B358C8D71B" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-596-39" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 596" ModsDocTitle="Cryptotermescolombianus a new drywood termite and distribution record of Cryptotermes in Colombia" checkinTime="1465390640233" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Casalla, Robin, Scheffrahn, Rudolf & Korb, Judith" docDate="2016" docId="91DBBDB270A7FAE4F0E99B86209DACC2" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 596: 39-52" docOrigin="ZooKeys 596" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.596.9080" docTitle="Cryptotermes colombianus Casalla, Scheffrahn & Korb, 2016, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="9D27B3AE-E8A0-4512-8A1E-D9E54A88A46C" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="C603FFB9CD6A8012FFE3ED63575EFFDF" masterDocTitle="Cryptotermescolombianus a new drywood termite and distribution record of Cryptotermes in Colombia" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1668163198631" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Cryptotermescolombianus a new drywood termite and distribution record of Cryptotermes in Colombia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Casalla, Robin</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Scheffrahn, Rudolf</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Korb, Judith</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>596</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>39</mods:start>
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<mods:end>52</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.596.9080</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.596.9080</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-596-39</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">26F4D967779F419E8334C0B358C8D71B</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">26F4D967779F419E8334C0B358C8D71B</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127875510" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9D27B3AE-E8A0-4512-8A1E-D9E54A88A46C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/91DBBDB270A7FAE4F0E99B86209DACC2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Taxon classification Animalia Isoptera Kalotermitidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/9D27B3AE-E8A0-4512-8A1E-D9E54A88A46C" class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Cryptotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptotermes colombianus" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombianus">Cryptotermes colombianus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="41">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Fig. 1
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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Dealated (Fig. 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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). General color brown. Frons pale brown, vertex brown. Pronotum and abdominal tergites brown. Antennae pale brown. Labrum pale brown. Femora brown, tibiae pale brown. Abdominal sternites pale brown and very pale brown laterally. Head suboval; cranial sutures fine, but distinct. Eyes moderately large, non-protruding, and oval. Ocelli moderately large, oval, and touching eyes. Antenna with 6 and 8 articles but incomplete, with formulae 2>3<4=5=6. Pronotum wider than long, usually with distinctive midline mark. Arolia present. Measurements are reported in Table 2.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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Figure 1. Cryptotermes
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<taxonomicName lsidName="colombianus" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="colombianus">colombianus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. Dealated imago: Head in dorsal (A) and lateral view (B). Soldier: Head in dorsal (C), lateral (D), oblique (E), and frontal view (F). Scale bar: 0.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-Table-UUID="E48A05F839A84CD853EA14F8729313A8" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E48A05F839A84CD853EA14F8729313A8" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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Table 2. Measurements (in mm) of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Cryptotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptotermes colombianus" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombianus">Cryptotermes colombianus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. dealated imago.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<table pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">No.</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" rowspan="1">Measurements in mm (n=1) from 1 colony</th>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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Soldier. (Fig. 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–F">C-F</normalizedToken>
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). Head in dorsal view with frontal flange and front horns very dark; 3/4 of anterior vertex almost black chestnut, grading to chestnut brown;
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="42" start="start">posterior</pageBreakToken>
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it turns ferruginous orange to pale yellow (Figure 1C). Head in lateral view with anterodorsal region almost black, which grades steeply to chestnut brown then to pale yellow under eye spot and occipital foramen (Figure 1D). Mandibles chestnut brown. Anterior margin of pronotum chestnut brown posterior margin pale yellow (Fig. 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
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Head in dorsal view abruptly truncated in front; frontal flange forming a rim surrounding a few undulations on frons. Head widest behind flange, gradually narrowing toward the occiput (Figure 1C). Frontal flange coalesces with frontal horn and postclypeus to form pentagonal rim occupying the entire frontal view. In lateral view, margin of frons and occiput from acute ca. 60 degree angle (Fig. 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
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). Vertex widely striated
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="43" start="start">with</pageBreakToken>
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several robust undulations; frontal horns very broad and shallow; genal horns reduced to tiny protrusions anterior to antennal sockets. Mandibles short humped and slightly bended forward, right mandible tip under tip of left mandible, tips are under labrum in frontal view. Labrum short, hyaline and tongue-shaped. Anteclypeus white; postclypeus trapezoidal with undulating rugosity. Eye spots large, narrowly elliptical. Antenna moniliform between 10 and 12 articles, formula variable 2> 3 = 4 = 5 <6. Legs with three apical spurs on each tibia, formula 3:3:3. Pronotum slightly incised in front, slightly narrower than head capsule. Measurements are reported in Table 4.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Genetic characterization.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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Thirteen COII mtDNA sequences were aligned for
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Cryptotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cryptotermes</taxonomicName>
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species using
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Blattidae" genus="Blatta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Blatta orientalis" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">Blatta orientalis</taxonomicName>
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as an outgroup. Information from NCBI is largely limited to COII (see Suppl. material 1), hence we could not include comparative analysis for nuclear and mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNA genes. Note, COII is very informative to identify termite species (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hausberger, B" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" pagination="964 - 969" title="Uncovering cryptic species diversity of a termite community in a West African savanna." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2011.08.015" volume="61" year="2011">Hausberger et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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The COII tree topology for
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Cryptotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cryptotermes</taxonomicName>
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revealed two major clusters, one group composed of eastern Australian species (53% bootstrap value) and the other comprising clusters of Northwest Australian-Papuan (98% bootstrap value), Ethiopian-Oriental (65% bootstrap value) and Neotropical species (100% bootstrap value) (Figure 2).
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Cryptotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptotermes colombianus" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombianus">Cryptotermes colombianus</taxonomicName>
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is located on a separate basal branch within the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ethiopian–Oriental">Ethiopian-Oriental</normalizedToken>
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cluster. Based on additional sequence comparisons, its closest relative among the studied species is
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Cryptotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptotermes havilandi" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="havilandi">Cryptotermes havilandi</taxonomicName>
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(p-distance = 0.148) (Table 3).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Figure 2. Tree topology and branch lengths inferred with MRBAYES from COII sequence data (Bootstrap values above branches). Origin (O), unknown (?) and established introductions from other regions or land masses (I): Neartic= Nea, Neotropic= Neo, Ethiopian= Eth, Paleartic= Pal, Oriental= Ori, Australian= Aus, Papuan= Pap.</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Table 3. Estimates of Evolutionary Divergence between Sequences (p-distance between species).</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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<table pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Species</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">1</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">2</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">3</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">4</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">5</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">6</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">7</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">8</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">9</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">10</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">11</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">12</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">13</th>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">1</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Cryptotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptotermes cavifrons" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavifrons">Cryptotermes cavifrons</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">2</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Cryptotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptotermes longicollis" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicollis">Cryptotermes longicollis</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">3</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Cryptotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptotermes cylindroceps" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylindroceps">Cryptotermes cylindroceps</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">4</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Cryptotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptotermes primus" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primus">Cryptotermes primus</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">5</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Cryptotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptotermes tropicalis" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tropicalis">Cryptotermes tropicalis</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">6</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Cryptotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptotermes queenslandis" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="queenslandis">Cryptotermes queenslandis</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">7</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Cryptotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptotermes simulatus" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simulatus">Cryptotermes simulatus</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">8</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Cryptotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptotermes secundus" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secundus">Cryptotermes secundus</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">9</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Cryptotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptotermes dudleyi" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dudleyi">Cryptotermes dudleyi</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">10</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Cryptotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptotermes havilandi" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="havilandi">Cryptotermes havilandi</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">11</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Cryptotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptotermes domesticus" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="domesticus">Cryptotermes domesticus</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">12</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Cryptotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptotermes declivis" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="declivis">Cryptotermes declivis</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">13</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Cryptotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptotermes colombianus" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombianus">Cryptotermes colombianus</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">14</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Blattidae" genus="Blatta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Blatta orientalis" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">Blatta orientalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="7ABB48B7F1A49DCB12B7416FD4EF8EA5" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7ABB48B7F1A49DCB12B7416FD4EF8EA5" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Table 4. Measurements (in mm) of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Cryptotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptotermes colombianus" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombianus">Cryptotermes colombianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. soldier.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<table pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">No.</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Measurements in mm, n=2 from 1 colony</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">(Holotype)</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">(Paratype)</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rowspan="1">Mean</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Phylogeny and phylogeography of the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Cryptotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cryptotermes</taxonomicName>
|
||
is debated (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chhotani, O" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Zoological Survey of India" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 81" title="Taxonomy, zoogeography and phylogeny of the genus Cryptotermes (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) from the Oriental region." volume="15" year="1970">Chhotani 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gay, F" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Zoology Supplementary Series" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 64" title="the genus Cryptotermes in Australia (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae)." url="10.1071/AJZS088" volume="88" year="1982">Gay and Watson 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bacchus, S" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Development and Research Institute, London, U. K." pageId="8" pageNumber="47" title="A taxonomic and biometric study of the genus Cryptotermes (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae). Tropical Pest Bulletin No. 7." year="1987">Bacchus 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Thompson, GJ" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" pagination="419 - 429" title="Phylogenetic analysis and trait evolution in Australian lineages of drywood termites (Isoptera, Kalotermitidae)." url="10.1006/mpev.2000.0852" volume="17" year="2000">Thompson et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Scheffrahn and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Křeček">Krecek</normalizedToken>
|
||
2009).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bourguignon, T" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" pagination="406 - 421" title="The evolutionary history of termites as inferred from 66 mitochondrial genomes." url="10.1093/molbev/msu308" volume="32" year="2014">Bourguignon et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed that
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Kalotermitidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rank="family">Kalotermitidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
evolved at the cusp of Gondwana dissolution with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Cryptotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cryptotermes</taxonomicName>
|
||
originating after the separation of land masses. The current distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Cryptotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cryptotermes</taxonomicName>
|
||
species can be explained with transo
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="44" start="start">ceanic</pageBreakToken>
|
||
dispersal via drift wood (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Scheffrahn, R" journalOrPublisher="Biological invasions" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" pagination="787 - 799" title="Endemic origin and vast anthropogenic dispersal of the West Indian drywood termite." url="10.1007/s10530-008-9293-3" volume="11" year="2009">Scheffrahn et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bourguignon, T" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" title="Oceanic dispersal, vicariance and human introduction shaped the modern distribution of the termites Reticulitermes, Heterotermes and Coptotermes." url="10.1098/rspb.2016.0179" volume="283" year="2016">Bourguignon et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and more recently through human introductions during colonization and trade (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Li, H-F" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" pagination="684 - 693" title="Phylogeography of Coptotermesgestroi and Coptotermesformosanus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in Taiwan." url="10.1603/008.102.0413" volume="102" year="2009">Li et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Scheffrahn, R" journalOrPublisher="Biological invasions" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" pagination="787 - 799" title="Endemic origin and vast anthropogenic dispersal of the West Indian drywood termite." url="10.1007/s10530-008-9293-3" volume="11" year="2009">Scheffrahn et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Evans, TA" editor="Bignell, DE" journalOrPublisher="Springer SBM, Dordrecht, The Netherlands" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" pagination="519 - 562" title="Invasive termites." volumeTitle="Biology of Termites: A Modern Synthesis" year="2011">Evans 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The geographic pattern on the phylogeny with regional specific clades may also indicative for some continent specific radiations. The origin of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Cryptotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptotermes colombianus" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombianus">Cryptotermes colombianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unclear, it may have arrived in Colombia via infested drift wood. Data presented here are not conclusive. More genetic analyses, including different populations, are needed to reveal the origin of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Cryptotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptotermes colombianus" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombianus">Cryptotermes colombianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and track the evolutionary history and dispersal of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Cryptotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cryptotermes</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Type-locality: Colombia, Magdalena: Santa Marta, Tayrona National Park, Gayraca Bay,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="11.314">11°18.84'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-74.10567">74°6.34'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, tropical dry forest, 23 June 2015.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Holotype-colony: Colombia. Magdalena Santa Marta Tayrona National Park, Gayraca Bay, 23.VI.2015 (collected by R. Casalla) in a piece of dry wood on soil, at elevation of 12 m a.s.l (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="11.314">11°18.84'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-74.10567">74°6.34'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), sample COLPT1LII-56: 2 soldiers, 1 dealated, 23 pseudergates; 3 for DNA isolation. Holotype: Soldier from the previous sample (COLPT1LII-56), it will be deposited at the Arthropod Collection of the Natural History Museum of the Alexander von Humboldt Institute of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bogotá">Bogota</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Colombia (MIAvH). Paratypes from sample COLPT1LII-56: 1 soldier, 1 reproductive dealate. Paratypes will be deposited as follows: 1 soldier will be deposited at the American Museum of Natural History New York, United States, 1 dealated at MIAvH. Pseudergates will be part of the collection of the Department of Chemistry and Biology at the University del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia. All measurements for dealated reproductive, holotype and paratype soldiers are reported in Tables 2, 4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
||
The diminutive frontal and genal horns and the truncated frons and converging genal margins of the head capsule (in dorsal view) distinguish the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Cryptotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptotermes colombianus" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombianus">Cryptotermes colombianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
soldier from all other Neotropical congeners.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Named for its country of origin, Colombia.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |