92 lines
9.4 KiB
XML
92 lines
9.4 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.421.7517" ID-PMC="PMC4109472" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-421-91" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFA88030FFBAFF84A232FFF3FF807607" ID-PubMed="25061381" ID-Zenodo-Dep="578387" ID-ZooBank="4DB3DA2D21B14D269544B4008028D304" ModsDocID="1313-2970-421-91" checkinTime="1451245675936" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Schmidt, B. Christian & Anweiler, Gary G." docDate="2014" docId="3043600C6DCA5009ACEBA23E3BCFA382" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 421: 91-113" docOrigin="ZooKeys 421" docPubDate="2014-06-27" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.421.7517" docTitle="Raphia frater subsp. cinderella Smith 2014, stat. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FFA88030FFBAFF84A232FFF3FF807607" lastPageNumber="105" masterDocId="FFA88030FFBAFF84A232FFF3FF807607" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and biogeography of the Nearctic Raphia Huebner (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Raphiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="113" masterPageNumber="91" pageNumber="105" updateTime="1668158807944" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomy and biogeography of the Nearctic Raphia Huebner (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Raphiinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schmidt, B. Christian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, K. W. Neatby Bldg., 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON, Canada K 1 A 0 C 6</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Anweiler, Gary G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>E. H. Strickland Entomological Museum, 218 Earth Sciences Building, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T 6 G 2 E 9</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2014-06-27</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>421</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>91</mods:start>
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<mods:end>113</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.421.7517</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.421.7517</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-421-91</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">4DB3DA2D21B14D269544B4008028D304</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFA88030FFBAFF84A232FFF3FF807607</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">578387</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182234977" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3043600C6DCA5009ACEBA23E3BCFA382" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3043600C6DCA5009ACEBA23E3BCFA382" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="105" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="105">
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<taxonomicName LSID="3043600C-6DCA-5009-ACEB-A23E3BCFA382" authority="Smith" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt & Anweiler" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Raphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raphia frater subsp. cinderella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="frater" status="stat. n." subSpecies="cinderella">Raphia frater cinderella Smith</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="14" pageNumber="105">stat. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Geographic distribution and phenotypic variation of Raphia frater subspecies. Circles indicate specimens examined during this study: green - subsp. piazzi; pink - subsp. abrupta; black - subsp. frater; blue - subsp. coloradensis; yellow - subsp. cinderella. Multi-coloured circles indicate transitional populations and / or phenotypically intermediate specimens between respective subspecies. a Raphia frater piazzi (Zavallo Co., TX) b Raphia frater abrupta (Oktibeha Co., MS) c Raphia frater abrupta (Cottle Co., TX) d Raphia frater abrupta (Cottle Co., TX) e Raphia frater abrupta (Montgomery Co., MD) f, g Raphia frater frater (Edmunston, NB) h Raphia frater abrupta - frater intermediate (Anne Arundel Co., MD) i Raphia frater abrupta - frater - coloradensis intermediate from highly variable population in Cherry Co., NE j Raphia frater coloradensis (Alamosa Co., CO) k Raphia frater coloradensis (Milk River valley, AB) l Raphia frater coloradensis (Sanpete Co., UT) m Raphia frater coloradensis (Elko Co., NV) n Raphia frater cinderella (Ventura Co., CA) o, p Raphia frater coloradensis - frater intermediates (Chelan Co., WA) q Raphia frater elbea (Cochise Co., AZ) r Raphia frater elbea (San Juan Co., UT) s Raphia frater elbea (Santa Cruz Co., AZ). All specimens are males." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/30255" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Figs 1n</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Distribution of Raphia frater subspecies (circles) relative to range of Populus species (coloured shading) in western North America. Half-circles represent transitional populations and / or phenotypically intermediate specimens. Ranges for Populus trichocarpa + Populus balsamifera and Populus angustifolia + Populus deltoides are combined, with both Populus balsamifera and Populus deltoides occuring in Alberta - Montana (upper right). Populus ranges adapted from USGS (2013)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/30257" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">, 3</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="105" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="105">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt & Anweiler" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Raphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinderella" status="stat. n.">Raphia cinderella</taxonomicName>
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Smith, 1903.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="105" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="105">
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A male lectotype was designated by
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<bibRefCitation author="Todd, EL" journalOrPublisher="United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin" pageId="18" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 228" refId="B45" refString="Todd, EL, 1982. The noctuid type material of J. B. Smith (Lepidoptera). United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 1645: 1 - 228" title="The noctuid type material of J. B. Smith (Lepidoptera)." volume="1645" year="1982">Todd (1982)</bibRefCitation>
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[AMNH]. Type locality: Los Angeles Co., Cal. [California, USA].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="105" type="diagnosis and description">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Diagnosis and description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="105">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt & Anweiler" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Raphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="frater" subSpecies="cinderella">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Raphia frater cinderella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a Californian subspecies that is similar in size and colour to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Putnam-Cramer" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Raphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="frater" subSpecies="coloradensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Raphia frater coloradensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but with a more diffuse, poorly contrasting forewing pattern that usually lacks the pronouncedly darker reniform and costal dark patches. The forewing ground colour is also pale powdery grey, not pale ochre as it often is in
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">coloradensis</emphasis>
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. The two taxa appear to intergrade in the Siskiyous and northern Sierra Nevada.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="105" type="biology and distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="105">Biology and distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="105">The range of this subspecies is restricted to central and southern California west of the Sierra Nevada. Fremont Cottonwood and willows are the most likely larval hosts, although records specific to this subspecies are lacking. Most collection dates are from June; Records from Stanislaus Co. for April - May and July may indicate a second generation.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |