666 lines
52 KiB
XML
666 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="269780" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.234.106486" ID-GBIF-Dataset="56ab3090-85e3-4733-a5e9-08d0e6a52e93" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-234-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="175200BD8D535C96944C1AC7D5B29315" ModsDocID="1314-2003-234-1" checkinTime="1695979647631" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wessapak, Paweena, Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai & Duangjai, Suthee" docDate="2023" docId="AF0B763045F758329A2FA4C8B2221946" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 234: 1-33" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 234" docPubDate="2023-09-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.234.106486" docTitle="Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone in Chemisquy et al., Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 106: 129. 2010." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="175200BD8D535C96944C1AC7D5B29315" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="175200BD8D535C96944C1AC7D5B29315" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of Cenchrus L. (Poaceae) in Thailand, with lectotypification of Pennisetum macrostachyum Benth." masterLastPageNumber="33" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1695980269918" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="CD518D3ED0ACEA3647C0DF4FE15F7740" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="C1EC73DCB0DE149D8358012748B92196">
|
||
<mods:title id="E2FB403A27A8E3C2671A32B6A27A9B47">A taxonomic revision of Cenchrus L. (Poaceae) in Thailand, with lectotypification of Pennisetum macrostachyum Benth.</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="70493A5F8745B8B41304E9CA7C5E1716" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="E2EFB236444C7736E77702B3AD81C334">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="2E42359BDCAEA2B3CA230498B2D69B23">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="FFDEB59AF18DCC67CAF6EE39180C739B">Wessapak, Paweena</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="46440BAFAF1FD30E44A80D7B492A3B42">Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="0F9CECE51208739EC2939554A17E1E7E" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="A48B5E2055F351D7ABE8BEF0CCAE17A7">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="9D332A0ADD3EEEB9F27B443096F4786A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="90CAAE582E01FA1BC9A5EAD319EB2427">Ngernsaengsaruay, Chatchai</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="EA5E935E34DF0C04B809A8EECB6D8684">Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5FB7A63EDA4419762D36A4825455CC9F" type="email">fsciccn@ku.ac.th</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="81671B131B18E7C92262F1543D478A85" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="DD7AF1E2420758D733D879586FBDC1D2">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="3863164E92DCA9880EB7ED4F41F531B6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="71FF1736B599A37D0526F4734490F3B5">Duangjai, Suthee</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C6DE00D0734051F5192B134350F8ABD7" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1490-759X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="402DF8E2E2830124D4ACEAD567D4FE33">Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="4EDFBA2EF6CA2E99D35E8339C7268EFA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="C103F12C803E9867F9A44CD73FE88D69" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="7A58C9A80FD3C832F19A65D83B2AAD58">
|
||
<mods:title id="9B94B1EDDE764E57ADD979F00F117E48">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="0DF37583CAE360C35FA844373C4B4214">
|
||
<mods:date id="BAEE56A5BDC4B84484A953CEECBCC0BE">2023</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="124DBB09481656566E403585948019F4" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="E2DE55961BFD54BEEB2D8DC7E6944042">2023-09-28</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="F48A74121484FF778A2AFF7A66B79D11" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="44993CFFDCF340C34284F599C25157E1">234</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="3F543722ECABD65F2DF686AEC273DE74" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="D454696578C7DE2C6546B285194E96B5">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="CD3DBF1F30E007D6FF652BB0859C16AF">33</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="60AB21EE18BB2040A917B7B5C6E6D9D6">
|
||
<mods:url id="9582E79B94C2BAC34966F203A5A22E67">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.234.106486</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="AD01C7D5CB857385AD5BE701E29100BD">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="74368AA8D2B1A57943C88DE038DA3DCC" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.234.106486</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="0FB905F1BA2B75C6881BA0F9BEC6C11D" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-234-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="8ECECD506C4AC5B2D986B5D9D9232610" type="Pensoft-UUID">175200BD8D535C96944C1AC7D5B29315</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="AF0B763045F758329A2FA4C8B2221946" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF0B763045F758329A2FA4C8B2221946" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AF0B763045F758329A2FA4C8B2221946" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<subSubSection id="DB6BBC155B449DCDAB9AAAD5C2E9E149" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="EB3199CCA3FF259240F659B28A682CF0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
6.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2669D23FFFA01B56820CF9BC8F5E6399" ID-CoL="S5JZ" ID-ENA="154765" LSID="AF0B7630-45F7-5832-9A2F-A4C8B2221946" authority="(Schumach.) Morrone in Chemisquy et al., Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 106: 129. 2010." authorityName="(Schumach.) Morrone in Chemisquy et al., Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 106: 129. 2010." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cenchrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cenchrus purpureus" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="purpureus">Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone in Chemisquy et al., Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 106: 129. 2010.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="071045843A16785ACA50D1004633D721" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D272C83A457D0654BEB4903877B2387E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<figureCitation id="C1A4E493E81022B2B454625C817521E9" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone A habit B ligule C spikelets with involucre D spikelet E lower glumes F upper glumes G lower lemmas H lower paleas I upper lemmas J upper paleas K stamens L pistil. (Drawn by Paweena Wessapak)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.234.106486.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/913567" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 10</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="223D0B1A7038F26A2435B52CAB447D79" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone A habitat B culm with node rooting C inflorescence D spikelets with involucre E spikelets. (Photographs: Paweena Wessapak)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.234.106486.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/913568" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 11</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9172F21254A970866711FB3C283386B4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="1CC6F3C410980115051AA702AE99D42E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="383A223AD6CE12AE30EA340FE9AFFB3F" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Pennisetum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pennisetum purpureum" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="purpureum">Pennisetum purpureum</taxonomicName>
|
||
Schumach., Beskr. Guin. Pl.: 44. 1827. Basionym.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B2389ED3176D56CE734E0275E158B86A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1368068E7A2658B8044D06CD00895527" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Pennisetum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pennisetum macrostachyum" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrostachyum">= Pennisetum macrostachyum</taxonomicName>
|
||
Benth. in W. J. Hooker, Niger Fl.: 563. 1849, non (Brongn.) Trin. (1834). Type: Nigeria, Aboh, Vogel s.n. (lectotype, designated here: K [K000281312!]; isolectotype: K [K000281311!]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C1D7E110405BAABB08721E2B8E16ACC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7EACCA94A1AB0AB206F9E873BA7572B2" authorityName="Leeke" authorityYear="1907" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Pennisetum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pennisetum flavicomum" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavicomum">= Pennisetum flavicomum</taxonomicName>
|
||
Leeke, Z. Naturwiss. 79: 46. 1907. Type: Tanzania,
|
||
<emphasis id="3406712EC4F4E2C938A06D31A75A9F00" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">von Prittwitz & Gaffron 199</emphasis>
|
||
(holotype: B [B100167864] seen on digital image).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D36E4EA8B572C0197BFDC45148B33789" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19250C6C4FCE9205735A1304C512FF6" authorityName="Leeke" authorityYear="1907" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Pennisetum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pennisetum pruinosum" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pruinosum">= Pennisetum pruinosum</taxonomicName>
|
||
Leeke, Z. Naturwiss. 79: 46. 1907. Type: Tanzania, Mtemere am Rufidji,
|
||
<emphasis id="E02C6932359478DE196CCF22727CC164" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W. Goetze 66</emphasis>
|
||
(holotype: B [B100167822] seen on digital image).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5D305EC86ECB8993ACA2BE7055D32AE9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6159E85209C94C16EB20A0888D00DFD" authorityName="Leeke" authorityYear="1907" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Pennisetum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pennisetum pallescens" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pallescens">= Pennisetum pallescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
Leeke, Z. Naturwiss. 79: 47. 1907. Type: Togo, Nov 1902,
|
||
<emphasis id="02270B2DB394DC577DC39309F083E1A8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. Kersting 719</emphasis>
|
||
(holotype: B [B100167821] seen on digital image).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8132C2712E669741B35658F1919182FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="E980BFFEDB7C7F95FC4C2EF00D2D8D85" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<typeStatus id="22D0CBAA95F83A9C8B18BFF012B277AF">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="44860FFE1DC2C628E366FA8A5BAFDBC3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="AFEF4DE7645E652B516B8B322CE7FA76" collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="P. Thonning" country="Ghana" location="Ghana" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B8B06443D291E47901202D5423C81F6C" name="Ghana">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="0DD2A4D76FF5FB8E27B1C1602D282155" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="09F685EBFC56D32713CBBA7209101538">P. Thonning</collectorName>
|
||
355
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="DE5931E54EB5D07967099C6F0EE426AC">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6956F97D21AC25FF1991691A6A77FFBF" author="Hepper, FN" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de la Sociedad Argentina de Botanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B17" refString="Hepper, FN, 1976. The West African Herbaria of Isert and Thonning: a Taxonomic Revision and an Index to the IDC Microfiche. The Bentham-Moxon Trust, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew." title="The West African Herbaria of Isert and Thonning: a Taxonomic Revision and an Index to the IDC Microfiche. The Bentham-Moxon Trust, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew." year="1976">Hepper (1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pg. 149): C [C10004308!]; isolectotype BM n.v.)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="999FD54A3336C443C8C3A2922EFE3F10" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="CADC8762BB1D18685AC6745739622052" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="56B5EDD70174DD5AA4507AFD6717CC02" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Perennial, tufted.
|
||
<emphasis id="5C3B232126431ABD0BBD9FC7CBB632FF" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Culms</emphasis>
|
||
erect or ascending, 1.8-4 m high; nodes glabrous or hairy; internodes terete or subterete, 7-32 cm long, 2-10 mm in diam., glabrous.
|
||
<emphasis id="E3870B0A2594E3F5F7D53E50E3FEC0E0" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaf sheaths</emphasis>
|
||
9-20 cm long, glabrous.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9F6B548F7390049FC5BCB263707CC2B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ligules</emphasis>
|
||
a fringe of hairs, 2-5 mm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="464D3306B1C3E39F5D4EA123A77C54AF" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Collar</emphasis>
|
||
glabrous.
|
||
<emphasis id="267FE4B5853EABB9088D717BD7104460" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaf blades</emphasis>
|
||
linear, 26-100
|
||
<normalizedToken id="86B1F29B887FD2328FC7D46877FCD6BF" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.4-3(-3.5) cm, apex acute, base rounded glabrous or with tubercle-base hairs, margins scabrous, chartaceous, scabrous on both surfaces (sometimes hairy on upper surface).
|
||
<emphasis id="3D7C107D9D910B264C821AE29A3ECCE2" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescence</emphasis>
|
||
spiciform panicle, 45-80
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0E2BC0100317D0BA1B4903727FFD2681" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2-4 cm (including bristles); central axis terete, 15-40 cm long, pubescent; peduncle terete, 25-55 cm long, glabrous or pubescent; short racemes along central axis; raceme with 1-4 spikelets in cluster, one sessile and the other pedicelled (if solitary, it is sessile or subsessile spikelet), pedicelled spikelets smaller than sessile spikelet; pedicels 0.5-2.2 mm long, scabrous; subtended by involucre bristles.
|
||
<emphasis id="1A3A2BC7A33815FBC73CC2011B9D7F17" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Involucre</emphasis>
|
||
composed of outer and inner circles, numerous and free at base, outer circle shorter than inner circle; outer involucre 2-4 mm long; inner involucre 1-1.4 cm long (sometimes up to 2.6 cm long), one conspicuous longest bristle 1.1-2.3 cm long, antrorsely scabrous; involucre falling with spikelets; stipe (raceme-based) 0.2-0.3 mm long, hairy, persistent on axis.
|
||
<emphasis id="6CF1E8F5174AE94A92FE4C67BBC7A5B4" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Spikelets</emphasis>
|
||
dorsally compressed, lanceolate, 4-6.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="074FCEDBBD4C77B21607C8C017558909" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8-1.3 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="7F845A3A07DF6666F5439EC8FAD7ABD7" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lower glume</emphasis>
|
||
ovate or lanceolate, 0.5-1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8E81873C81C991FF2BF9C6AEBCD2ED0C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.2-0.6 mm, apex acute or acuminate, sometimes obtuse, chartaceous, glabrous, nerveless or 2-obscure-nerved.
|
||
<emphasis id="E629BA93D9BA7AE115363FB4F87698A6" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Upper glume</emphasis>
|
||
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 1.8-4.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="163725AFC31F9EF6EECD90CFD8FF6CD3" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.4-1 mm, apex acute or acuminate, chartaceous, glabrous with or without scabrous along nerve, 1- or 3-nerved or nerveless.
|
||
<emphasis id="DD3BADEB2457AE517E9A3F9E5782E8E9" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lower floret</emphasis>
|
||
male or sterile.
|
||
<emphasis id="0945095BDD44EEE3762E875892424FB4" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lower lemma</emphasis>
|
||
lanceolate, 3-6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7635C9FBF4ED03A9C2F4AA81C503043B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8-1.3 mm, apex acuminate, chartaceous, glabrous with or without scabrous along nerve, 3- or 5-nerved.
|
||
<emphasis id="8E4474984FCCD59F647EEDEA0C352708" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lower palea</emphasis>
|
||
mostly absent or lanceolate, 4.5-5.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E539D9C6B3F5197735D2CFE0B0BEDCFC" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8-1 mm, apex acute, margins fold with or without scabrous, membranous, glabrous, 2- or 3-nerved.
|
||
<emphasis id="B31675779E00DB82DC29B6CE6E719985" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Upper floret</emphasis>
|
||
bisexual, persistent.
|
||
<emphasis id="861FB6A5C8083852009E59921B95CE15" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Upper lemma</emphasis>
|
||
lanceolate, 4-6.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="072B98D15F177AED3DA40D5DD1E7515C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8-1.2 mm, apex acuminate, margins with ciliate, coriaceous, glabrous and scabrous near tip, 3- or 5-nerved.
|
||
<emphasis id="38269A7476D26439524BB3DFC8539E9F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Upper palea</emphasis>
|
||
lanceolate, 4.3-6.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B1161F7B2CA440548F0D94B30315D9D0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8-1.2 mm, apex acuminate, coriaceous, glabrous with or without scabrous near tip, 2-, 3- or 5-nerved.
|
||
<emphasis id="22656AD9070F7523254106DE858CA2C5" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lodicules</emphasis>
|
||
absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6B7849186D0E0474A6107C8FE9797" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stamens</emphasis>
|
||
3, filament 0.3-3 mm long, anther yellow, 1.5-2.8 mm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="895DB324EDBBED0B9A74555541886D58" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pistil</emphasis>
|
||
ovary oblong-lanceolate, 0.6-1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2378A63D1899F56A0777B00E1EFF762E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.1-0.5 mm; style 2, 1.5-4 mm long; stigma plumose, 2-6 mm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="FA12A0C6EBE915B8A91320D584048442" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caryopsis</emphasis>
|
||
ellipsoid, 1.5-2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="42AE73204199F22E26B4AE82F162C770" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8-1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="52D3CCD80067545965CA95B2363C1D95" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.234.106486.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/913567" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
||
<paragraph id="157DA262435273DD78319FA4DDB1E14A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FFE7982F1E2CC871D78B24CD93263ED" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DFC0B170A24B1D2DD8CF47F43244600" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cenchrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cenchrus purpureus" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="purpureus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0DF30313E2C7E0679B64B14295B53E5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cenchrus purpureus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Schumach.) Morrone
|
||
<emphasis id="C980D1E3E6A3181A793A56C6ECE5B5C6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
habit
|
||
<emphasis id="EC53D7382920B61E84D8E8811F2E6081" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
ligule
|
||
<emphasis id="6B79AF3CAB1E2B03E01F7B9039A3C732" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
spikelets with involucre
|
||
<emphasis id="AF02EEE686581FFE8BC9ADD85BA8CED5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
spikelet
|
||
<emphasis id="4183B87AD78078C4203BFB233D5D7A57" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
lower glumes
|
||
<emphasis id="6ED068E9EA763A84B4D8010E71871E23" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
upper glumes
|
||
<emphasis id="ABDBF01DAA0B1ED084869E9FDFB37580" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||
lower lemmas
|
||
<emphasis id="D294E847A4171B4DFCC101B1BB2B5DAD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||
lower paleas
|
||
<emphasis id="0BBE3E577402AF3067F116859052C6FB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
||
upper lemmas
|
||
<emphasis id="B81A843ECF2717E10EE23837BF868040" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
|
||
upper paleas
|
||
<emphasis id="C95ED3A3BF96A659809472DCE1A5DD6A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
|
||
stamens
|
||
<emphasis id="C2D37E15D3214F03AAC3227C1FBFDE1C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
|
||
pistil. (Drawn by Paweena Wessapak).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0892A60625BD363E90D23C457CA76585" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="3BBE420337A76BC7BA0E199E6C6348E5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2133F9F070CD3FA8E3672EECDAB67675" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Native from Sahara to Tropical Africa and introduced to China, India, Myanmar, Indo-China, Malaysia, Australia, New Zealand, North America and South America.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F781C44D0C6C9B6F1C05B245EF303A9B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="303327C1E8F092D4377AD85C7291B5A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution in Thailand.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="37B78B766173EF086B5FF850B66DE889" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son (Pang Ma Pha, Mae Rim, Doi Suthep-Pui), Chiang Rai (Doi Tung, Mae Sai, Tham Luang-Khun Nam Nang Non), Lampang (Ngao); NORTH-EASTERN: Khon Kaen; EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima (Pak Chong), Si Sa Ket (Phrai Bueng); CENTRAL: Nakhon Pathom (Kampheangsaen); SOUTH-EASTERN: Chon Buri (Sattahip), Rayong (Klaeng); PENINSULAR: Surat Thani (Tha Chang), Krabi (Khlong Thom), Trang (Khao Chong), Songkhla (Sadao), Yala (Bannang Sata), Narathiwat (Sungei Kolok).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="BC74F8A28CA4A1CD43A026D96EDD4347" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.234.106486.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/913568" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
|
||
<paragraph id="56640EF6E774D0540196994245515B23" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="79F4E7F20DDF8331269ACC04F88F3F6C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9F9F6576BDE54D5795A21148EA895BE1" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cenchrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cenchrus purpureus" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="purpureus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7AF99F0F39ADFD4BCAE9BDB0D9422CB7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cenchrus purpureus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Schumach.) Morrone
|
||
<emphasis id="38FD1E3E84B5CD9EB601D153D50E2FCA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
habitat
|
||
<emphasis id="C2013B05BFE5B3DC5D5AD178969372FC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
culm with node rooting
|
||
<emphasis id="8626138D4ABAF749D58FD5A4B3AC11DA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
inflorescence
|
||
<emphasis id="337A78525D3649DD05D084014F1DBF51" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
spikelets with involucre
|
||
<emphasis id="6A462432DAC15C06DE6399E65AC10995" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
spikelets. (Photographs: Paweena Wessapak).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="38DC250A207FD315B44AEA87923F1991" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD4FB66ED36E9319786601ABA4FCB1D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A51696D27E6C534228D674C506EC832A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">In open areas by the roadside, disturbed sites and the edge of deciduous forests. They are also cultivated for forage at elevations of 50-1350 m a.m.s.l. Flowering and fruiting from October to March.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="39EFE595F97C8415465F170D5D49C11D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="vernacular name">
|
||
<paragraph id="0A8526C5A4E0670AAB20777F6174FD84" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vernacular name.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="24A91F867BEFD75FDAEF49E2615BB595" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Ya hang chang (หญ้าหางช้าง),
|
||
<emphasis id="8618DC6EE4AEAC3FC9079E3A3A42A7FB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ya Napier</emphasis>
|
||
(หญ้าเนเปียร์); Elephant grass, Napier grass (English).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="00345952EA9BCC7719FE1446C7D1FF47" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="CA1CF04E442F046B1C1D8AE646A79869" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3403EBF81C016EFE0B94259816F23137" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="60D22F5ABDD108FD2B7F38FC5FD9C0DE" collectingDate="1958-11-04" collectingDateMax="2006-02-10" collectingDateMin="1958-11-04" collectorName="J. F. Maxwell, Th. Sorensen, K, B. Hansen, E. Hennipman, K. Chayamarit, C. Pattanacharoen, C. Glamwaewwong" country="Thailand" location="Doi Suthep-Pui" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chiang Mai">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDC2571A17A1CA98BB23E461A0BD1721" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F9243156B985B6668C2E14DD18FF8DAE" name="Thailand">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5443EDFD6E5D23B567E1D9B66F95F884" country="Thailand" name="Chiang Mai">Chiang Mai</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="7754FACDB9673D0E377D3308CACE470E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF0B763045F758329A2FA4C8B2221946:7754FACDB9673D0E377D3308CACE470E" country="Thailand" name="Doi Suthep-Pui" stateProvince="Chiang Mai">Doi Suthep-Pui</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="1DADAEC31B302C7DD0FDA426CD2C148F" value="1991-01-23">23 Jan 1991</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="49FE6A567F7A6389653274CCD8F4028A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="FFF08719C6CE609162C150817990B8CC">J. F. Maxwell</collectorName>
|
||
91-95
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(AAU); ibid.,
|
||
<collectingDate id="5BD3F7DE4DD63F9CF3104A3E7FF5BF0D" value="2001-01-01">1 Jan 2001</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="4657C694BC6655653C7654E00B5A277F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="42469B7561F9F5D58C780F66F1198DF9">J. F. Maxwell</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
01-1 (BKF, CMUB); Doi Suthep,
|
||
<collectingDate id="9B70030CDCD47D4BBD8CD877977A4A82" value="1958-11-04">4 Nov 1958</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="687D012B98BEC52F4E97DB2B1ADF28B3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="11CCADDD2D71D756F600677375CB6A3D">Th. Sorensen, K</collectorName>
|
||
. Larsen &
|
||
<collectorName id="34BEA5B00220C13711FBC6D6DEF61452">B. Hansen</collectorName>
|
||
2633
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BKF, C, K)]; ibid.,
|
||
<collectingDate id="B188A41B3938BA4FD190FB574DF12EA9" value="1965-12-24">24 Dec 1965</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="0F2FE506D40C5E566E7339465F1F85F6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="79CEFC7D8997487533ED1A82E3403A18">E. Hennipman</collectorName>
|
||
3478
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BKF, C); ibid.,
|
||
<collectingDate id="7B8EBB8590FEFAD11C5B3C039B37C3F9" value="1997-03-19">19 Mar 1997</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="6D673251A1B6CCE526FB1877A2FC53A2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="7B540F28F0451C9F4E58820323585170">K. Chayamarit</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="65466331BDD3339AA1A69A0ED9925AFB">C. Pattanacharoen</collectorName>
|
||
732
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BKF); Mae Rim,
|
||
<collectingDate id="B7A3DDDFD903B585E3AE9D52E184902B" value="1995-11-28">28 Nov 1995</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="654994679C3127712AC6024E8D90849E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anonymous 5378</emphasis>
|
||
(QBG); Mae Rim, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden,
|
||
<collectingDate id="55EC62998F145DFD9022804232E5BE2A" value="2006-02-10">10 Feb 2006</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="5F92FC0A8FAB3B954FC16168EBE5D4FA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="5CC7F80BD87ACC45DD3DB41166DB2EC8">C. Glamwaewwong</collectorName>
|
||
463
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(QBG)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1FF872121ACCD1F33776541C9A6B3FBC" collectingDate="2006-12-23" collectingDateMax="2012-02-13" collectingDateMin="2006-12-23" collectorName="J. F. Maxwell, M. Norsaengsri, N. Thatana" country="Thailand" location="Mae Fa Luang" municipality="Doi Tung" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chiang Rai">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B9F8A1F40337817E9BA88A8E74A6F4B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5475188E29D24EFE7BC1421DB3C2D5B3" country="Thailand" name="Chiang Rai">Chiang Rai</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="299B214FC23C46A4DD30F00519F4FCA6">Doi Tung</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="7CEEA2DCCDFBCF586F8CBE8A1D81557D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF0B763045F758329A2FA4C8B2221946:7CEEA2DCCDFBCF586F8CBE8A1D81557D" country="Thailand" municipality="Doi Tung" name="Mae Fa Luang" stateProvince="Chiang Rai">Mae Fa Luang</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="1D94E2BF3AC061CCEE9B62B6C5B3D431" value="2006-12-23">23 Dec 2006</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="2B4CBD7BF8C3BFFC4196D99F311ABB43" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="26E6F8BDC1A053D72C7E305051DA9170">J. F. Maxwell</collectorName>
|
||
06-989
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(QBG, CMUB); Mae Sai, Pong Pha, Ban Nam Cham,
|
||
<collectingDate id="8731C6D52CB5E43DDD50C590FB7E9F07" value="2008-12-02">2 Dec 2008</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="AD32A47341C0CA27FA73D4F2924A6028" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="9F7BFB7C6FDAA4A2E6C07D4269B9AB75">M. Norsaengsri</collectorName>
|
||
4475
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(QBG); Tham Luang-Khun Nam Nang Non,
|
||
<collectingDate id="5DB2A0FB5DCE6CB9BC0449A993357580" value="2012-02-13">13 Feb 2012</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="DF20694796D5D14F710C99EC1A316A2D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="01E8CFC6F14B84F3D03D10D899AD132C">M. Norsaengsri</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="06F0161F286799E76D7BF29811414133">N. Thatana</collectorName>
|
||
8876
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(QBG)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="76CB9FC86D930914EF64F6CD1C611370" collectingDate="1969-10-11" collectorName="J. F. Maxwell" country="Thailand" location="Sattahip" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chon Buri">
|
||
<emphasis id="91C2AE91552E4061851E1C965D3FADD2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="537CD66AC3811FD24FBF30B497319AC5" country="Thailand" name="Chon Buri">Chon Buri</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="6FCB4B01CA92A896797D619CCA993C75" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF0B763045F758329A2FA4C8B2221946:6FCB4B01CA92A896797D619CCA993C75" country="Thailand" name="Sattahip" stateProvince="Chon Buri">Sattahip</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="0DFDB6E598266C25825BDD1B3C706BC1" value="1969-10-11">11 Oct 1969</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="DDCFD751648CB7A0C7A22401D19FF8C8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="88BFE41EFC9F4BE14E733B781FBA77B3">J. F. Maxwell</collectorName>
|
||
s.n.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BK)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
];
|
||
<materialsCitation id="FCE903AF659A220991E8541E19F4BD70" collectingDate="1997-12-25" collectorName="U. Pattaramanon" country="Thailand" location="Khon Kaen University" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Khon Kaen">
|
||
<emphasis id="FA4484454EAB3F11BC1AF4915D025BFD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="177A7C5422F338EB5707B5706EFF741A" country="Thailand" name="Khon Kaen">Khon Kaen</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="DD9C3FD38192936DD3BD9A63D0CEE10E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF0B763045F758329A2FA4C8B2221946:DD9C3FD38192936DD3BD9A63D0CEE10E" country="Thailand" name="Khon Kaen University" stateProvince="Khon Kaen">Khon Kaen University</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="8CEC4D6E45D2F5D4127FA4F2C725C9F0" value="1997-12-25">25 Dec 1997</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="BA74469E91E9BB09B6486487940ADECF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="D5B72C68367CBB47BA7910A8E8F17908">U. Pattaramanon</collectorName>
|
||
18
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(KKU)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="711541847AE3855677899D65F6120207" collectingDate="2011-11-12" collectorName="P. Wessapak" country="Thailand" location="Khlong Thom Tai" municipality="Khlong Thom" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Krabi">
|
||
<emphasis id="29FFC64AFD45BFF6E10EFB1301103794" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2E6960E24DE8E2603CDBF33CA27A889F" country="Thailand" name="Krabi">Krabi</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="846D91474C1567A9C3B8DD396EC7BE22">Khlong Thom</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="AD17F8F72B1374144895190D6EC875A1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF0B763045F758329A2FA4C8B2221946:AD17F8F72B1374144895190D6EC875A1" country="Thailand" municipality="Khlong Thom" name="Khlong Thom Tai" stateProvince="Krabi">Khlong Thom Tai</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="6252FDB75A0B48D939782939983D1E49" value="2011-11-12">12 Nov 2011</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B3E8605CCD0AB29B264DA49A0539B9E8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="C9E79BD1945DF1A1DE9C804861888FB7">P. Wessapak</collectorName>
|
||
202
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BK)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="26526B6888B14D50219FFB41529C3767" collectingDate="2014-12-09" collectorName="J. F. Maxwell" country="Thailand" location="Ban Huat" municipality="Ngao" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lampang">
|
||
<emphasis id="E16D904B10C2BA7902F979138C24876B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="566FCD6BD208A3A96899646B484B9F12" country="Thailand" name="Lampang">Lampang</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="565445FF969AAD0BF4381C0B0FAEE9CF">Ngao</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="A2FFCA5A1D65EACA826A290920972EEF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF0B763045F758329A2FA4C8B2221946:A2FFCA5A1D65EACA826A290920972EEF" country="Thailand" municipality="Ngao" name="Ban Huat" stateProvince="Lampang">Ban Huat</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="B72B9A28CAFDCEC8D1DF2BE3E0C18EC8" value="2014-12-09">9 Dec 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="04524D149C516C10CDCA0BA0D79233F6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="E7FE21C8482DAE35447D3AA4CB1FD3A2">J. F. Maxwell</collectorName>
|
||
14-19
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(CMUB, PSU)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="9161CF3BCB5E4C78155E2B915647FEB7" collectingDate="2005-02-16" collectorName="K. Pruesapan" country="Thailand" location="Ban Tha Khrai" municipality="Pang Ma Pha" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mae Hong Son">
|
||
<emphasis id="0FBFE17B674B39209A30BCB71DDF7A63" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3138C3055F91D04FBE74199F65B1928C" country="Thailand" name="Mae Hong Son">Mae Hong Son</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="D4B7363B3DABF50B2B27E54AF5176D9A">Pang Ma Pha</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="5694398BF2F4006D463F2B6C448B8FBB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF0B763045F758329A2FA4C8B2221946:5694398BF2F4006D463F2B6C448B8FBB" country="Thailand" municipality="Pang Ma Pha" name="Ban Tha Khrai" stateProvince="Mae Hong Son">Ban Tha Khrai</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="3C32EFC7FB75053FA8D77D2252A1A2D6" value="2005-02-16">16 Feb 2005</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="79EBACF1C6DCA540AC7C9290932C5366" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="BEA73C1FEB1DA4EDEB615949FCD12132">K. Pruesapan</collectorName>
|
||
KP2005-9
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BK)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2CF214FB69AA677A93F2340A3C1B8491" collectingDate="2016-12-28" collectorName="P. Wessapak" country="Thailand" location="Kampheangsaen" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nakhon Pathom">
|
||
<emphasis id="4024A8DA5FEEF54367582DAABA86BC24" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C9EB6330C24D6AB2A04634F283349B5B" country="Thailand" name="Nakhon Pathom">Nakhon Pathom</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="10EFA119ABEBD1862E5C7D41D44DEDA0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF0B763045F758329A2FA4C8B2221946:10EFA119ABEBD1862E5C7D41D44DEDA0" country="Thailand" name="Kampheangsaen" stateProvince="Nakhon Pathom">Kampheangsaen</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="5D6CFEA845245FCB1881121CB34299AF" value="2016-12-28">28 Dec 2016</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="0DFF843D084B905FB6138993897BBE80" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="749D6B117ABC1F2862282A8514118EDA">P. Wessapak</collectorName>
|
||
348
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="17B9A61A0EF3920B3A4B5C52FDD6D94B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">350</emphasis>
|
||
(BK)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="AA1A35EAA314856DB3D72B4605C4E297" collectingDate="1931-10" collectorName="A. F. G. Kerr" country="Thailand" location="Pak Chong" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nakhon Ratchasima">
|
||
<emphasis id="6F136CF18CE51BFAEEF711104288BAC4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D5B0A1CE0DD83DD8B922FF9209FF46CD" country="Thailand" name="Nakhon Ratchasima">Nakhon Ratchasima</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="ADD968386752AD3ECB650BCA30A04DB9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF0B763045F758329A2FA4C8B2221946:ADD968386752AD3ECB650BCA30A04DB9" country="Thailand" name="Pak Chong" stateProvince="Nakhon Ratchasima">Pak Chong</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="2D9AD327ACDD2B01375436B122193878" value="1931-10">Oct 1931</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="7933902B7107CFB585F68CED65E65C2A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="D45312118B3EA793FAF5A2DEE4FB4A10">A. F. G. Kerr</collectorName>
|
||
s.n.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, BK)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C9C34A7796235929FAD1B47F5737002A" collectingDate="1974-03-06" collectorName="K. Larsen, S. S. Larsen" country="Thailand" location="Nikhom Waeng" municipality="Sungei Kolok" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Narathiwat">
|
||
<emphasis id="B34E9E7AF30477B8807E2717F0C5F140" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3274493622E0532495CEE871A677F8D7" country="Thailand" name="Narathiwat">Narathiwat</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="0352439CF8C1967685A234D6A5F0E139">Sungei Kolok</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="121A68F125A734057B1B2ABE73124AA0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF0B763045F758329A2FA4C8B2221946:121A68F125A734057B1B2ABE73124AA0" country="Thailand" municipality="Sungei Kolok" name="Nikhom Waeng" stateProvince="Narathiwat">Nikhom Waeng</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="7E731A878D438FEDC6429D0CB9578674" value="1974-03-06">6 Mar 1974</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="23393266FA335012E62D7F8E6324CB02" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="C4F369A57A45376F21600CDBF798ACCD">K. Larsen</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="E05261A668711877F68D62CE2F1F138E">S. S. Larsen</collectorName>
|
||
33030
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(AAU, BKF, K)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="4B3B2B2F52B70EBB5B366C3617645C54" collectingDate="2009-01-13" collectorName="P. Wessumritt, M. Norsaengsri" country="Thailand" county="Klaeng" location="Ban Phlong Sawai" municipality="Chak Pong" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rayong">
|
||
<emphasis id="A80C9C8FCEE38EE389952A32B86B40F5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="88AB607D97D8E6DA9D80C62D8E41ECB5" country="Thailand" name="Rayong">Rayong</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="FBF703A8CE11D227F6242D9155EF0E45">Klaeng</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="F540E77E71C2121677F8ADB2D5A3712C">Chak Pong</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="5C7A716135F138D3BE27D1924BAF67A9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF0B763045F758329A2FA4C8B2221946:5C7A716135F138D3BE27D1924BAF67A9" country="Thailand" county="Klaeng" municipality="Chak Pong" name="Ban Phlong Sawai" stateProvince="Rayong">Ban Phlong Sawai</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EA8BC2B56EAEC95E9692E84518C2D716" value="2009-01-13">13 Jan 2009</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="DE7B71611DB1C551FC6E76009A61F0C7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="E784AA2FB69B1B8D03FC587E8FC5D859">P. Wessumritt</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="78E2793E96D360EA47FB3BB96A0D3E84">M. Norsaengsri</collectorName>
|
||
160
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(QBG)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="130E673B95B4784E626B2E966EE27F73" collectingDate="2004-12-26" collectorName="A. Virapongse" country="Thailand" location="Suk Sawat" municipality="Phrai Bueng" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Si Sa Ket">
|
||
<emphasis id="73A89E3EEDB271B2B0E3F29CD7762835" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="015D2C72E0811CCEE6C35ABBA0CF78E8" country="Thailand" name="Sisaket">Si Sa Ket</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="00F458FB3D99C8DDA4C344F4FFEE25F5">Phrai Bueng</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="DE80C03BD7D92C8DFFEE94C41E5FE196" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF0B763045F758329A2FA4C8B2221946:DE80C03BD7D92C8DFFEE94C41E5FE196" country="Thailand" municipality="Phrai Bueng" name="Suk Sawat" stateProvince="Si Sa Ket">Suk Sawat</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="BAC6E6F20DDF88E2B33D3FAD7C679F92" value="2004-12-26">26 Dec 2004</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="906D6865AB93A410489AB89005F41961" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="2945F323F9076EBECAFA61D5D3F82D27">A. Virapongse</collectorName>
|
||
194
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BKF)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="0CD6212A1CA9AE2079C9D24922E56F4A" collectingDate="1959-11-11" collectingDateMax="2010-10-24" collectingDateMin="1959-11-11" collectorName="P. Wessapak, C. Ngernsaengsaruay, T. Smitinand" country="Thailand" location="Samnak Taeo" municipality="Sadao" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Songkhla">
|
||
<emphasis id="7E7CFE0FD50AE654BD5EE2D9FB318E0F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="210CD225E0D3CEC237A689D87E86B74F" country="Thailand" name="Songkhla">Songkhla</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="9B3291D361769F35F06DEAEA63982073">Sadao</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="E005768092200500784DEFEC9B57B07E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF0B763045F758329A2FA4C8B2221946:E005768092200500784DEFEC9B57B07E" country="Thailand" municipality="Sadao" name="Samnak Taeo" stateProvince="Songkhla">Samnak Taeo</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="33C6BCE51C531C3A743E4698733FFF2A" value="2010-10-24">24 Oct 2010</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="C7C710882134B1A4E2A41AB3E2ED2A7B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="2AB4AC090F45FC2F91F56D8F363B6FE0">P. Wessapak</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="EB40A9232167B41A3359FFD8A216C9E8">C. Ngernsaengsaruay</collectorName>
|
||
153
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BK, BKF);
|
||
<collectingDate id="03EC403FEA42AA021697B21F03133994" value="1959-11-11">11 Nov 1959</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="D81344503BAE9AC9BA4A90B25054F4B8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="118560FA8CF21B19231183C86EDE1FF7">T. Smitinand</collectorName>
|
||
6124
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BKF)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="51AAF90BF94A354A5647AD0117E56469" collectingDate="2011-11-02" collectorName="P. Wessapak" country="Thailand" county="Tha Chang" location="Ban Thong Sai" municipality="Tha Koei" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Surat Thani">
|
||
<emphasis id="97AC226B498F07B63A32409B9765C1CC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9F33F7DF5133AE5B7BB52D494020564B" country="Thailand" name="Surat Thani">Surat Thani</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="573D9E8E61E480B9375211ABB0B6C3B3">Tha Chang</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="B455B40AE3DE7D346B75C900B0717469">Tha Koei</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="D9EE93C3EF82A88790641C355B8DCF6C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF0B763045F758329A2FA4C8B2221946:D9EE93C3EF82A88790641C355B8DCF6C" country="Thailand" county="Tha Chang" municipality="Tha Koei" name="Ban Thong Sai" stateProvince="Surat Thani">Ban Thong Sai</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="59EDF5C2A6B3C0966FE0825DA8A8AA48" value="2011-11-02">2 Nov 2011</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="8D8E9C8778A0B0746BBDE7971AB85DFB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="193C8B584C5254018486D341892C84B5">P. Wessapak</collectorName>
|
||
200
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BK)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="CC514913ADD8A977169CF901FCBC2C24" collectingDate="1990-11-18" collectorName="K. Larsen, S. S. Larsen, M. S. Barfod, W. Nanakorn, Ueachirakan, Sirirugsa" country="Thailand" location="Khao Chong" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Trang">
|
||
<emphasis id="D68E239ACA5766164131A6A5FED5C1EE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="81709FE47AFF9C9E1D48F4556CDF4420" country="Thailand" name="Trang">Trang</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="F0EE336D562EF4A86E148DE6ADA138AF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF0B763045F758329A2FA4C8B2221946:F0EE336D562EF4A86E148DE6ADA138AF" country="Thailand" name="Khao Chong" stateProvince="Trang">Khao Chong</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="032B8FB91758835038687F2B0A4E8C6C" value="1990-11-18">18 Nov 1990</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="A642C708258E9A76188BE565E1A06AB0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="B0D5F0F00EC0D5E1B2BF87387BCA6DB0">K. Larsen</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="D100B461DA57E4DD135A5EF228EBE09B">S. S. Larsen</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="011B20646F2710C6435EE7139A97B342">M. S. Barfod</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="9B4162493625927D641F891BEE041D35">W. Nanakorn</collectorName>
|
||
, W.
|
||
<collectorName id="A26171E759E30A28213428720D8290DC">Ueachirakan</collectorName>
|
||
& P.
|
||
<collectorName id="3BA3CA4B85A470EB33701E4F1212E822">Sirirugsa</collectorName>
|
||
41606
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(AAU, BKF, PSU)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="EB72A05824CB95D61AC8FD5DBC291686" collectingDate="1961-12-12" collectorName="Ploenchit" country="Thailand" location="Bannang Sata" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yala">
|
||
<emphasis id="15C1D0977AF1EBDAA65EABB2C98CF6AE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D8A4DE72DDD5896EFB2E46202BA91A03" country="Thailand" name="Yala">Yala</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="AD7BC9CE53BA9FD47D393214FB2412CF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF0B763045F758329A2FA4C8B2221946:AD7BC9CE53BA9FD47D393214FB2412CF" country="Thailand" name="Bannang Sata" stateProvince="Yala">Bannang Sata</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="A04EA09322BD65A2191AEF448708ADFC" value="1961-12-12">12 Dec 1961</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="BB7FD7A7719287CEEEA8528E7D937E2C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="1395A8229380EFD7D3EC4E5DCCA650DB">Ploenchit</collectorName>
|
||
1775
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(BKF)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E6C4547EA23990C004C81F64DC31B9E7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph id="609B529AE141D23B870216A594CFEEC5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4339FF597824F7CC2D391539DC64C1E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Napier grass is a multipurpose forage crop. It is mainly used to feed livestock and is also used for ornamentation and soil erosion control. Its fibres are used to make pulp and in papermaking. Furthermore, its biofuel producing potential is being researched because all the parts of this species produce lignocellulose biomass which can be used to produce cheap biofuel (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D021787479142AE24DC80A5253478C4C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2014.893358" author="Obi Reddy, K" journalOrPublisher="Separation Science and Technology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1527 - 1534" refId="B25" refString="Obi Reddy, K, Uma Maheswari, C, Shukla, M, Muzenda, E, 2014. Preparation, Chemical Composition, Characterization, and Properties of Napier Grass Paper Sheets. Separation Science and Technology 49 (10): 1527 - 1534, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2014.893358" title="Preparation, Chemical Composition, Characterization, and Properties of Napier Grass Paper Sheets." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2014.893358" volume="49" year="2014">Obi Reddy et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2C9C6C0C882C743AEEA4FD9257628236" DOI="https://doi.org/10.12691/aees-9-9-5" author="Chavre, BW" journalOrPublisher="Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="811 - 813" refId="B7" refString="Chavre, BW, Sonawane, VB, 2021. Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum): An Emerging Biofuel Crop. Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences 9 (9): 811 - 813, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12691/aees-9-9-5" title="Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum): An Emerging Biofuel Crop." url="https://doi.org/10.12691/aees-9-9-5" volume="9" year="2021">Chavre and Sonawane 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species was introduced to Thailand from Malaysia for forage. At present, it has become naturalised to almost all Thai floristic regions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9341D24E8F237DB8D43067A36B430590" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The synonym,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="186B4F0DC136C4B550A539CAAB84F5ED" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Pennisetum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pennisetum macrostachyum" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrostachyum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8A446F1D19659A4027845982FCFC82D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pennisetum macrostachyum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was described by George Bentham in 1849 and is based on the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C48E947B6BCE68C1B57B274C8C43FB2E" originalValue="Vogel’s">Vogel's</normalizedToken>
|
||
specimens from Aboh (Nigeria) and Fernando Po (Equatorial Guinea). He did not choose any specimens to be the holotype. We located the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6169FA6E69F3EAB801BF7B5C2D97DE46" originalValue="Vogel’s">Vogel's</normalizedToken>
|
||
specimen in three sheets at K which was collected from Aboh (Nigeria) [K000281311 and K000281312] and Fernando Po (Equatorial Guinea) [K000281310] and, according to Art 9.6 of the ICN (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1FEA23F56B0DA796895650DD5A8EADA9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" author="Turland, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Willdenowia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B34" refString="Turland, NJ, Wiersema, JH, Barrie, FR, Greuter, W, Hawksworth, DL, Herendeen, PS, Knapp, S, Kusber, WH, Li, DZ, Marhold, K, May, TW, McNeill, J, Monro, AM, Prado, J, Price, MJ, Smith, GF [Eds], 2018. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) Adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, Jul 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashuetten. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) Adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, Jul 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashuetten." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" year="2018">Turland et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), they constitute syntypes. The sheet K000281312 is a well-preserved specimen with more leaves and spikelets and, therefore, it is herein designated as the lectotype for the synonym
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D11A2E4384A25C79EE34B1EE20035D0E" lsidName="P. macrostachyum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="macrostachyum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9701D96D4180E665EDCD6116B25FB943" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. macrostachyum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="41BC732E588FB1BD97037F6B918D66CE" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Lectotype of Pennisetum macrostachyum Benth. Digital image The Board of Trustees of the Herbarium of the Royal Kew Botanic Garden (K)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.234.106486.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/913569" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C661EC0555614FFCAD882AFEF65BE275" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.234.106486.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/913569" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
|
||
<paragraph id="D396C6606971B157F6B938EF4EE6F900" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4EF783AE4FFA812F8FAC955D043650B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Lectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9F59513639985DDD6FAC849C074E4FC" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Pennisetum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pennisetum macrostachyum" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrostachyum">
|
||
<emphasis id="CC398E4A42A9B4C0E264D5FB769CE40E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pennisetum macrostachyum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Benth. Digital image The Board of Trustees of the Herbarium of the Royal Kew Botanic Garden (K).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |