329 lines
36 KiB
XML
329 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5898629" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c08dd8ae-6f1e-4522-a4a2-ced89fdd3530" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192568822" ID-ISSN="1879-0445" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5898629" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:41F68910-6C91-4DE5-8A21-38EBD96C1E97" checkinTime="1625232919875" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Qvarnström, Martin, Fikáček, Martin, Vikberg Wernström, Joel, Huld, Sigrid, Beutel, Rolf G., Arriaga-Varela, Emmanuel, Ahlberg, Per E. & Niedźwiedzki, Grzegorz" docDate="2021" docId="195169142273FF88FF1344BB6D3CFB30" docLanguage="en" docName="CurrBiol.31.1-8.pdf" docOrigin="Current Biology 31" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.05.015" docTitle="Triamyxa coprolithica Qvarnström & Fikáček & Vikberg Wernström & Huld & Beutel & Arriaga-Varela & Ahlberg & Niedźwiedzki 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="41F68910-6C91-4DE5-8A21-38EBD96C1E97" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="E568116C2276FF85FF9D404A6854FFFB" masterDocTitle="Exceptionally preserved beetles in a Triassic coprolite of putative dinosauriform origin" masterLastPageNumber="8" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1643043736594" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Exceptionally preserved beetles in a Triassic coprolite of putative dinosauriform origin</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Qvarnström, Martin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyv € agen 18 A, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">martin.qvarnstrom@ebc.uu.se</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fikáček, Martin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, no. 70, Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan & Department of Entomology, National Museum, Praha 9, Czech Republic & Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha 2, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">mfikacek@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vikberg Wernström, Joel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyv € agen 18 A, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Huld, Sigrid</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Geocentrum, Uppsala University, Villav € agen 16, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Beutel, Rolf G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institut fu ¨ r Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universit € at Jena, Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Arriaga-Varela, Emmanuel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Centro de Estudios en Zoologı´a, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ahlberg, Per E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyv € agen 18 A, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Niedźwiedzki, Grzegorz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyv € agen 18 A, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">grzegorz.niedzwiedzki@ebc.uu.se</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Current Biology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-06-30</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>8</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.05.015</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1016/j.cub.2021.05.015</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">c08dd8ae-6f1e-4522-a4a2-ced89fdd3530</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1879-0445</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5061134</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6FB8E4B4-51C6-493C-A1E6-1829B9258993</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5898629" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192568822" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5898629" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:41F68910-6C91-4DE5-8A21-38EBD96C1E97" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/195169142273FF88FF1344BB6D3CFB30" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection box="[142,373,1265,1286]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[142,781,1206,1841]" box="[142,373,1265,1286]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
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||
<taxonomicName authority="Qvarnström & Fikáček & Vikberg Wernström & Huld & Beutel & Arriaga-Varela & Ahlberg & Niedźwiedzki, 2021" authorityName="Qvarnström & Fikáček & Vikberg Wernström & Huld & Beutel & Arriaga-Varela & Ahlberg & Niedźwiedzki" authorityYear="2021" box="[142,284,1265,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroscaphidae" genus="Triamyxa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coprolithica" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[142,284,1265,1286]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">T. coprolithica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[291,373,1265,1286]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph blockId="5.[142,781,1206,1841]" box="[142,296,1294,1315]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[142,296,1294,1315]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
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||
<typeStatus box="[142,196,1294,1315]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
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||
material
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="5.[142,781,1206,1841]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
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||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3451851302" collectionCode="B" country="Poland" location="Krasiejow clay pit" municipality="Ozimek" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" specimenCode="ZPAL AbIII/3520" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Upper Silesia" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus box="[142,235,1323,1344]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: complete
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<specimenCount box="[358,455,1323,1344]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" type="generic">specimen</specimenCount>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[475,627,1323,1344]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[159,219,1501,1520]" captionTargetBox="[175,1450,271,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-82@2.[175,1450,271,1460]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Contents of coprolite fragment ZPAL AbIII/3520 (A) The coprolite rendered semi-transparent with inclusions, such as beetle remains and fibrous networks, representing fungal colonies or algae visible. Top corner: silhouette of Silesaurus opolensis, the most probable coprolite producer. (B–D) The holotype specimen of Triamyxa coprolithica in ventral (B), lateral (C), and dorsal (D) views. (E and F) The second complete specimen in ventral (E) and anterior (F) views. Individual ventrites are indicated by roman numerals. (G) Triamyxa coprolithica preserved in various degrees of disarticulation. (H) An isolated head and two elytra that do not belong to Triamyxa coprolithica but to slightly larger beetles that were also ingested by the coprolite producer. (I) Examples of individual remains of Triamyxa coprolithica (meso- and metaventrite, head, head attached to pronotum, and three pronota). (J) Two of numerous elytra of similar size and morphology attributed to T. coprolithica. (K) Fibrous structures interpreted as fungi or algae. (L) A possible decomposed wood fragment. Color coding: blue,eyes; purple, antennae;light purple,legs. Abbreviations:abd,abdomen;ant,antenna; cox, coxa;ey, eye; fem, femur; hd, head;lgs, legs;pp, propleuron; thx, thorax; tib, tibia; troch, trochanter; trs, tarsi; ventr, ventrites. See also Figure S1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5061136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5061136/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Figures 1B–1D</figureCitation>
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) preserved in coprolite
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<specimenCode box="[233,398,1353,1374]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">ZPAL AbIII/3520</specimenCode>
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, stored at the Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences (Warsaw).
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3451851301" collectionCode="B" country="Poland" location="Krasiejow clay pit" municipality="Ozimek" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="14" stateProvince="Upper Silesia" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus box="[614,718,1382,1403]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCount box="[742,779,1382,1403]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">one</specimenCount>
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complete and
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<specimenCount box="[295,320,1411,1432]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">13</specimenCount>
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partly to totally disarticulated specimens in the same coprolite (
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<figureCitation box="[350,572,1440,1461]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[159,219,1501,1520]" captionTargetBox="[175,1450,271,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-82@2.[175,1450,271,1460]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Contents of coprolite fragment ZPAL AbIII/3520 (A) The coprolite rendered semi-transparent with inclusions, such as beetle remains and fibrous networks, representing fungal colonies or algae visible. Top corner: silhouette of Silesaurus opolensis, the most probable coprolite producer. (B–D) The holotype specimen of Triamyxa coprolithica in ventral (B), lateral (C), and dorsal (D) views. (E and F) The second complete specimen in ventral (E) and anterior (F) views. Individual ventrites are indicated by roman numerals. (G) Triamyxa coprolithica preserved in various degrees of disarticulation. (H) An isolated head and two elytra that do not belong to Triamyxa coprolithica but to slightly larger beetles that were also ingested by the coprolite producer. (I) Examples of individual remains of Triamyxa coprolithica (meso- and metaventrite, head, head attached to pronotum, and three pronota). (J) Two of numerous elytra of similar size and morphology attributed to T. coprolithica. (K) Fibrous structures interpreted as fungi or algae. (L) A possible decomposed wood fragment. Color coding: blue,eyes; purple, antennae;light purple,legs. Abbreviations:abd,abdomen;ant,antenna; cox, coxa;ey, eye; fem, femur; hd, head;lgs, legs;pp, propleuron; thx, thorax; tib, tibia; troch, trochanter; trs, tarsi; ventr, ventrites. See also Figure S1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5061136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5061136/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
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Figures 1E–1G and
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<date box="[557,572,1440,1461]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">1I</date>
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</figureCitation>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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The publication is registered in ZooBank: http://zoobank.org/
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<uri pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
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urn:lsid:zoobank. org:pub:
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<uuid box="[229,727,1499,1520]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
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6
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<collectionCode box="[242,274,1499,1520]" collectionName="Argentina, Rio Negro, Bariloche, Fundacion Bariloche" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">FB</collectionCode>
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8E4B4-51C6-493C-A1E6-1829B9258993
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</uuid>
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</uri>
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, to describe the new species as a valid taxon.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="5.[142,781,1206,1841]" box="[142,421,1557,1578]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[142,421,1557,1578]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
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||
<typeStatus box="[142,196,1557,1578]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
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locality and horizon
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[142,781,1206,1841]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:195169142273FF88FF1344BB6D3CFB30:94278ED92273FF80FF1346796915F9BC" box="[142,321,1586,1607]" country="Poland" municipality="Ozimek" name="Krasiejow clay pit" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Upper Silesia">Krasiejów clay pit</location>
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, near
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<collectingMunicipality box="[379,459,1586,1607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Ozimek</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[468,605,1586,1607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Upper Silesia</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[613,687,1586,1607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Poland</collectingCountry>
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. The material from the upper bonebed, part of the Keuper succession from Silesia, can be correlated with the Drawno Beds. Biostratigraphic data support a late Carnian age of the Krasiejów biota.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[142,781,1206,1841]" box="[142,252,1703,1724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[142,252,1703,1724]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[142,781,1206,1841]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
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Body length
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<quantity box="[265,385,1733,1754]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5499999999999998" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="1.5499999999999998" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.7 mm</quantity>
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, elytra
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<quantity box="[452,569,1733,1754]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.3 mm</quantity>
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long and
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<quantity box="[663,780,1733,1754]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.5 mm</quantity>
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wide. Body elongate navicular (
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<figureCitation box="[451,546,1762,1783]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[159,219,1501,1520]" captionTargetBox="[175,1450,271,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-82@2.[175,1450,271,1460]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Contents of coprolite fragment ZPAL AbIII/3520 (A) The coprolite rendered semi-transparent with inclusions, such as beetle remains and fibrous networks, representing fungal colonies or algae visible. Top corner: silhouette of Silesaurus opolensis, the most probable coprolite producer. (B–D) The holotype specimen of Triamyxa coprolithica in ventral (B), lateral (C), and dorsal (D) views. (E and F) The second complete specimen in ventral (E) and anterior (F) views. Individual ventrites are indicated by roman numerals. (G) Triamyxa coprolithica preserved in various degrees of disarticulation. (H) An isolated head and two elytra that do not belong to Triamyxa coprolithica but to slightly larger beetles that were also ingested by the coprolite producer. (I) Examples of individual remains of Triamyxa coprolithica (meso- and metaventrite, head, head attached to pronotum, and three pronota). (J) Two of numerous elytra of similar size and morphology attributed to T. coprolithica. (K) Fibrous structures interpreted as fungi or algae. (L) A possible decomposed wood fragment. Color coding: blue,eyes; purple, antennae;light purple,legs. Abbreviations:abd,abdomen;ant,antenna; cox, coxa;ey, eye; fem, femur; hd, head;lgs, legs;pp, propleuron; thx, thorax; tib, tibia; troch, trochanter; trs, tarsi; ventr, ventrites. See also Figure S1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5061136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5061136/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Figure 1F</figureCitation>
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). Diagnostic characters asfor the family. Adetailed description of the new species is provided in STAR Methods.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="9">
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<table box="[142,1417,444,761]" gridcols="3" gridrows="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">
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||
<tr box="[142,1417,444,463]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">
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||
<th box="[142,500,444,463]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">REAGENT or RESOURCE</th>
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<th box="[551,897,444,463]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">SOURCE</th>
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<th box="[948,1417,444,463]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">IDENTIFIER</th>
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</tr>
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||
<tr box="[142,1417,477,496]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">
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<th box="[142,1417,477,496]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">Deposited data</th>
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</tr>
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||
<tr box="[142,1417,513,532]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">
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<th box="[142,500,513,532]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">Raw image data and 3D reconstructions</th>
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<td box="[551,897,513,532]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">This paper</td>
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<td box="[948,1417,513,532]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">ESRF’s database: http://paleo.esrf.eu/</td>
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</tr>
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<tr box="[142,1417,549,568]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">
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<th box="[142,1417,549,568]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">Software and algorithms</th>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr box="[142,1417,584,630]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">
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||
<th box="[142,500,584,630]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">VGStudio MAX version 3.4.4</th>
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||
<td box="[551,897,584,630]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">Volume Graphics</td>
|
||
<td box="[948,1417,584,630]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">https://www.volumegraphics.com/en/products/ vgstudio-max.html</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[142,1417,639,663]" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">
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<th box="[142,500,639,663]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">TNT</th>
|
||
<td box="[551,897,639,663]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Goloboff et al.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Goloboff, P. A. & Farris, J. S. & Nixon, K. C." box="[677,693,639,651]" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="9" pageNumber="9" pagination="774 - 786" part="24" refId="ref7517" refString="35. Goloboff, P. A., Farris, J. S., and Nixon, K. C. (2008). TNT, a free program for phylogenetic analysis. Cladistics 24, 774 - 786." title="TNT, a free program for phylogenetic analysis" type="journal article" year="2008">35</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[948,1417,639,663]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">http://www.lillo.org.ar/phylogeny/tnt/</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[142,1417,673,696]" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th box="[142,500,673,696]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">MrBayes 3.2.6</th>
|
||
<td box="[551,897,673,696]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Ronquist et al.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ronquist, F. & Teslenko, M. & van der Mark, P. & Ayres, D. L. & Darling, A. & Hohna, S. & Larget, B. & Liu, L. & Suchard, M. A. & Huelsenbeck, J. P." box="[680,696,673,685]" journalOrPublisher="Syst. Biol." pageId="9" pageNumber="9" pagination="539 - 542" part="61" refId="ref7560" refString="36. Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D. L., Darling, A., Hohna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M. A., and Huelsenbeck, J. P. (2012). MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Syst. Biol. 61, 539 - 542." title="MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space" type="journal article" year="2012">36</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[948,1417,673,696]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">https://nbisweden.github.io/MrBayes/download.html</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[142,1417,709,728]" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th box="[142,500,709,728]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">R</th>
|
||
<td box="[551,897,709,728]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">R Foundation for Statistical Computing</td>
|
||
<td box="[948,1417,709,728]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">https://www.R-project.org/</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[142,1417,742,761]" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<th box="[142,500,742,761]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">RStudio</th>
|
||
<td box="[551,897,742,761]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">RStudio</td>
|
||
<td box="[948,1417,742,761]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="9">https://www.rstudio.com/</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="4" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[159,1468,1678,1962]" box="[159,733,1678,1699]" pageId="12" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[159,733,1678,1699]" fontSize="8" level="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="4" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[159,733,1678,1699]" pageId="12" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Qvarnström & Fikáček & Vikberg Wernström & Huld & Beutel & Arriaga-Varela & Ahlberg & Niedźwiedzki" authorityYear="2021" box="[325,568,1678,1699]" class="Insecta" family="Hydroscaphidae" genus="Triamyxa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coprolithica">Triamyxa coprolithica</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. & sp. nov
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[159,1468,1678,1962]" lastBlockId="13.[142,1450,271,964]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Body length
|
||
<quantity box="[284,404,1707,1728]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5499999999999998" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="12" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="1.5499999999999998" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, elytra
|
||
<quantity box="[471,589,1707,1728]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity box="[683,800,1707,1728]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide. Body elongate, navicular, slightly compressed dorsolaterally. Head. ca. as long as wide, gradually narrowing behind eyes, strongly narrowed and slightly prolonged in front of eyes. Anterior margin of head (?labrum) subquadrate. Genal folds not developed, and hence mandibles visible laterally. Compound eyes large, strongly protruding laterally. Mentum transverse, with its posterior margin reaching slightly anteriad of mid-length of eyes, anterior margins weakly rounded. Maxillary stipes elongate. Maxillary palpi elongate; penultimate maxillary palpomere slender, slightly shorter than terminal one; terminal palpomere long and slender, fusiform. Antennae inserted dorsally in a depressed area of frons between eyes; scapus large, elongate, pedicel shorter; apical portion of antenna with slightly enlarged antennomeres, apparently forming a slightly widened antennal club. Number of antennomeres uncertain, but probably 9 as suggested by available reconstructions: scape, pedicel, 4 intermediate antennomeres and 3 antennomeres of the antennal club. Prothorax. Pronotum strongly narrowing anteriad, anterolateral corners strongly projecting; posterolateral corners subacute; posterior margin strongly projecting posteriad, likely covering scutellar shield; dorsal disc evenly arcuate, without distinct grooves or ridges; ventral hypomeral portion of pronotum separated from dorsal disc by distinct edge, rather narrow, posteromesally projecting as a small tooth. Prosternum in front of procoxae long, anteriorly possibly in narrow contact with pronotum; its mesal portion slightly raised; posteromesally projecting as very short and rounded prosternal process. Propleuron present and exposed, drop-shaped (it may or may not reach anterior margin of prothorax, reconstruction of this region is ambiguous). Procoxal cavities closed internally and widely open externally along entire posterior margin. Mesothorax slightly shorter than metathorax on ventral side. Mesoventrite with wide subpentagonal elevation posteriorly broadly meeting metaventrite; laterally bordering anterior margin of very widely separated mesocoxal cavities; likely at least partly separated from mesanepisternum, wide anteriorly, with anapleural sutures slightly diverging posteriorly. Mesocoxal cavities rounded, very widely separated from each other, completely bordered by meso- and metaventrite. Elytra long, dorsally covering complete abdomen except for last one or two segments (see below); elytral apex truncate; elytral epipleura likely reaching level of metathorax.
|
||
<emphasis box="[268,381,593,614]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="5">Metathorax</emphasis>
|
||
wider than long on ventral side, anteromesally with a wide projection meeting mesoventral elevation. Metanepisternum moderately wide. Metacocal cavities transverse, reaching lateral border of metaventrite but not elytral epipleura.
|
||
<emphasis box="[142,241,651,672]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="5">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
with 5–6 exposed ventrites (since specimens with both 5 and 6 ventrites are present in the material examined, we conclude that either the 6
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[310,325,676,690]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="5">th</superScript>
|
||
ventrite is highly movable and may be either totally retracted or largely protracted, or alternatively that the morphology of the abdomen is sexually dimorphic, with females with 5 ventrites and males with 6 ventrites). Ventrite very long, extensive, with narrow intercoxal projection; ventrite 2 slightly more than half as long as 1, 3 slightly shorter than 2, and 4 slightly shorter than 3; ventrite 5 parabolic, with evenly rounded posterior margin; ventrite 6 (if present) narrow and very elongate; all segments with tergites separated from sternites by lateral membrane, no abdominal segment entire and conical. One specimen with 6 ventrites apparently displays a slightly protruding, narrow rod-like aedeagus.
|
||
<emphasis box="[830,886,826,847]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="5">Legs.</emphasis>
|
||
Pro- and mesocoxa subglobular; metaxoca transverse, with narrow plates partly covering metafemora and basal portion of proximal abdominal ventrite. Trochanters of all legs small. Femora narrow and elongate, with tips reaching or slightly overtopping body outline; mesofemur narrow basally, widened distally. Tibiae slender, slightly bent inward. Tarsi short, very likely with relatively long terminal tarsomere, but subdivision and number of tarsomeres not clearly preserved; all tarsi with a pair of massive claws.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="5" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[142,1449,1002,1227]" box="[142,271,1002,1023]" pageId="13" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[142,271,1002,1023]" fontSize="8" level="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="5" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[142,271,1002,1023]" pageId="13" pageNumber="5">Thelocality</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[142,1449,1002,1227]" pageId="13" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The Upper Triassic section at Krasiejów in Poland presents an almost 30-m thick succession with variegated mudstones and thin lenses of calcareous grainstones. Two main fossil-bearing intervals comprise remains of both lacustrine and terrestrial.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dzik, J. & Sulej, T." box="[1330,1349,1056,1070]" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontol. Pol." pageId="13" pageNumber="5" pagination="3 - 27" part="64" refId="ref6803" refString="23. Dzik, J., and Sulej, T. (2007). A review of the early Late Triassic Krasiejow biota from Silesia, Poland. Palaeontol. Pol. 64, 3 - 27." title="A review of the early Late Triassic Krasiejow biota from Silesia, Poland" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1330,1349,1056,1070]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="5">23</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
The latter consists of a large predatory rauisuchian (
|
||
<emphasis box="[557,801,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[557,699,1089,1110]" class="Reptilia" family="Rauisuchidae" genus="Polonosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="13" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Polonosuchus</taxonomicName>
|
||
silesiacus
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
), an aetosaur (
|
||
<emphasis box="[948,1161,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[948,1079,1089,1110]" class="Reptilia" family="Stagonolepididae" genus="Stagonolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aetosauria" pageId="13" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Stagonolepis</taxonomicName>
|
||
olenkae
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
), a dinosauriform (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dzik" authorityYear="2003" box="[1346,1448,1089,1110]" class="Reptilia" family="Reptilia (awaiting allocation)" genus="Silesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Reptilia (awaiting allocation)" pageId="13" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Silesaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
opolensis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
), an archosauromorph (
|
||
<emphasis box="[474,618,1119,1140]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="5">Ozimek volans</emphasis>
|
||
), and varioussmall other diapsids.
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[962,1004,1114,1128]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dzik, J. & Sulej, T." box="[962,981,1114,1128]" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontol. Pol." pageId="13" pageNumber="5" pagination="3 - 27" part="64" refId="ref6803" refString="23. Dzik, J., and Sulej, T. (2007). A review of the early Late Triassic Krasiejow biota from Silesia, Poland. Palaeontol. Pol. 64, 3 - 27." title="A review of the early Late Triassic Krasiejow biota from Silesia, Poland" type="journal article" year="2007">23</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dzik, J. & Sulej, T." box="[985,1004,1114,1128]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Palaeontol. Pol." pageId="13" pageNumber="5" pagination="805 - 823" part="61" refId="ref8041" refString="44. Dzik, J., and Sulej, T. (2016). An early Late Triassic long-necked reptile with a bony pectoral shield and gracile appendages. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 61, 805 - 823." title="An early Late Triassic long-necked reptile with a bony pectoral shield and gracile appendages" type="journal article" year="2016">44</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
Thefreshwater fauna includes temnospondyls (
|
||
<emphasis box="[180,468,1148,1169]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1890" box="[180,324,1148,1169]" class="Amphibia" family="Metoposauridae" genus="Metoposaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" pageId="13" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Metoposaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
krasiejovensis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[517,782,1148,1169]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fraas" authorityYear="1889" box="[517,660,1148,1169]" class="Amphibia" family="Capitosauridae" genus="Cyclotosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Temnospondyli" pageId="13" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cyclotosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
intermedius
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
), a large phytosaur (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[985,1142,1148,1169]" class="Reptilia" family="Reptilia (awaiting allocation)" genus="Parasuchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Reptilia (awaiting allocation)" pageId="13" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[985,1102,1148,1169]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="5">Parasuchus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), actinopterygians, a hybodont (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[148,297,1177,1198]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Lonchidiidae" genus="Lonchidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hybodontiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[148,259,1177,1198]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="5">Lonchidion</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and various invertebrates.
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[570,612,1172,1186]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dzik, J. & Sulej, T." box="[570,589,1172,1186]" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontol. Pol." pageId="13" pageNumber="5" pagination="3 - 27" part="64" refId="ref6803" refString="23. Dzik, J., and Sulej, T. (2007). A review of the early Late Triassic Krasiejow biota from Silesia, Poland. Palaeontol. Pol. 64, 3 - 27." title="A review of the early Late Triassic Krasiejow biota from Silesia, Poland" type="journal article" year="2007">23</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dzik, J. & Sulej, T." box="[593,612,1172,1186]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Palaeontol. Pol." pageId="13" pageNumber="5" pagination="805 - 823" part="61" refId="ref8041" refString="44. Dzik, J., and Sulej, T. (2016). An early Late Triassic long-necked reptile with a bony pectoral shield and gracile appendages. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 61, 805 - 823." title="An early Late Triassic long-necked reptile with a bony pectoral shield and gracile appendages" type="journal article" year="2016">44</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
Alate Carnian age of the fossil assemblage is inferred from plant macrofossils, the vertebrate community, conchostracans, and charophytes,
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[726,795,1202,1216]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dzik, J. & Sulej, T." box="[726,745,1202,1216]" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontol. Pol." pageId="13" pageNumber="5" pagination="3 - 27" part="64" refId="ref6803" refString="23. Dzik, J., and Sulej, T. (2007). A review of the early Late Triassic Krasiejow biota from Silesia, Poland. Palaeontol. Pol. 64, 3 - 27." title="A review of the early Late Triassic Krasiejow biota from Silesia, Poland" type="journal article" year="2007">23</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lucas, S. G." box="[749,768,1202,1216]" journalOrPublisher="Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimat. Paleoecol." pageId="13" pageNumber="5" pagination="347 - 384" part="143" refId="ref8083" refString="45. Lucas, S. G. (1998). Global Triassic tetrapod biostratigraphy and biochronology. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimat. Paleoecol. 143, 347 - 384." title="Global Triassic tetrapod biostratigraphy and biochronology" type="journal article" year="1998">45</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pacyna, G." box="[776,795,1202,1216]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Palaeobot." pageId="13" pageNumber="5" pagination="3 - 33" part="54" refId="ref8266" refString="49. Pacyna, G. (2014). Plant remains from the Polish Triassic. Present knowledge and future prospects. Acta Palaeobot. 54, 3 - 33." title="Plant remains from the Polish Triassic. Present knowledge and future prospects" type="journal article" year="2014">49</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
since there are no radiometric dates from the succession.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |