477 lines
56 KiB
XML
477 lines
56 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="6CC57E390B0A5189B5A2671E7D547002">The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1BEE3D318386C8EA8FFD4D57CEDF9048">Harbach, Ralph E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2D83C92BE697436E79EDBBDEFDD1BD7B">Wilkerson, Richard C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A9A47187E5FF8EFF47F335E46FD95B86">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DF518FEE67C3C71C7CFEAE449B30FF74">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="161B87CDBAB20AD5FF54FC01FBD95C4A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8057053" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209700327" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8057053" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBAB20AD5FF54FC01FBD95C4A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/161B87CDBAB20AD5FF54FC01FBD95C4A" lastPageId="130" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BAB20AD6FF54FC01FD3F59CD" box="[151,686,942,969]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBAB20AD6FF54FC01FD3F59CD" blockId="129.[151,686,942,969]" box="[151,686,942,969]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
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<heading id="C54581B7BAB20AD6FF54FC01FD3F59CD" bold="true" box="[151,686,942,969]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB20AD6FF54FC01FD3F59CD" ID-CoL="8FJL4" authority="(Ludlow)" baseAuthorityName="Ludlow" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[151,686,942,969]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="powelli" subGenus="Tripteroides">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FF54FC01FD3F59CD" bold="true" box="[151,686,942,969]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FF54FC01FEB859CC" bold="true" box="[151,297,942,969]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Tripteroides</emphasis>
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||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FEF9FC01FE5D59CC" bold="true" box="[314,460,942,969]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Tripteroides</emphasis>
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||
)
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FE1EFC01FDA259CC" bold="true" box="[477,563,942,969]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">powelli</emphasis>
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||
(Ludlow)
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BAB20AD6FF54FC5CFB8C5EE7" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBAB20AD6FF54FC5CFA0D5E0E" blockId="129.[151,1436,1011,1250]" box="[151,1436,1011,1035]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
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subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB20AD6FECCFC5CFD565E0E" authority="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 1953" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[271,711,1011,1035]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="escodae">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FECCFC5CFEF05E0E" bold="true" box="[271,353,1011,1035]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">escodae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABAB20AD6FEAEFC5CFD565E0E" author="Baisas, F. E. & Ubaldo-Pagayon, A." box="[365,711,1011,1035]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" refId="ref143883" refString="Baisas, F. E. & Ubaldo-Pagayon, A. (1953) Notes on Philippine mosquitoes, XVI. Genus Tripteroides. Bureau of Printing, Manila, 198 pp., 23 pls. [for 1952]" type="book" year="1953">Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 1953</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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—original combination:
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB20AD6FC0CFC5CFA075E0E" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[975,1430,1011,1035]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="powelli" subGenus="Tripteroides" subSpecies="escodae">
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FC0CFC5CFBDB5E0E" box="[975,1098,1011,1035]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Tripteroides</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FB9CFC5CFB4B5E0E" box="[1119,1242,1011,1035]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Tripteroides</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FB2DFC5CFA075E0E" box="[1262,1430,1011,1035]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">powelli escodae</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBAB20AD6FF04FBBDFCB45E2F" blockId="129.[151,1436,1011,1250]" box="[199,805,1042,1066]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
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||
Distribution:
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBAB20AD6FE8CFBBDFE505E2F" box="[335,449,1042,1066]" name="Philippines" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABAB20AD6FE0DFBBDFC885E2F" author="Baisas, F. E. & Ubaldo-Pagayon, A." box="[462,793,1042,1066]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" refId="ref143883" refString="Baisas, F. E. & Ubaldo-Pagayon, A. (1953) Notes on Philippine mosquitoes, XVI. Genus Tripteroides. Bureau of Printing, Manila, 198 pp., 23 pls. [for 1952]" type="book" year="1953">Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon 1953</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBAB20AD6FF54FB9FFA0D5E4D" blockId="129.[151,1436,1011,1250]" box="[151,1436,1072,1097]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
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||
subspecies
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||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB20AD6FED3FB9FFD585E4D" authority="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 1953" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[272,713,1072,1097]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laffooni">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FED3FB9FFEF25E4D" bold="true" box="[272,355,1072,1096]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">laffooni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABAB20AD6FEADFB9FFD585E4D" author="Baisas, F. E. & Ubaldo-Pagayon, A." box="[366,713,1072,1097]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" refId="ref143883" refString="Baisas, F. E. & Ubaldo-Pagayon, A. (1953) Notes on Philippine mosquitoes, XVI. Genus Tripteroides. Bureau of Printing, Manila, 198 pp., 23 pls. [for 1952]" type="book" year="1953">Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 1953</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
—original combination:
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||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB20AD6FC11FB9FFA075E4D" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[978,1430,1072,1097]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="powelli" subGenus="Tripteroides" subSpecies="laffooni">
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FC11FB9FFBDC5E4D" box="[978,1101,1072,1096]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Tripteroides</emphasis>
|
||
(
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FBA2FB9FFB4D5E4D" box="[1121,1244,1072,1096]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Tripteroides</emphasis>
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||
)
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FB33FB9FFA075E4D" box="[1264,1430,1072,1096]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">powelli laffooni</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBAB20AD6FF04FBE0FCB45E62" blockId="129.[151,1436,1011,1250]" box="[199,805,1103,1127]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
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||
Distribution:
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBAB20AD6FE8CFBE0FE505E62" box="[335,449,1103,1127]" name="Philippines" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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||
(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABAB20AD6FE0DFBE0FC885E62" author="Baisas, F. E. & Ubaldo-Pagayon, A." box="[462,793,1103,1127]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" refId="ref143883" refString="Baisas, F. E. & Ubaldo-Pagayon, A. (1953) Notes on Philippine mosquitoes, XVI. Genus Tripteroides. Bureau of Printing, Manila, 198 pp., 23 pls. [for 1952]" type="book" year="1953">Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon 1953</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBAB20AD6FF54FBC1FA0D5E80" blockId="129.[151,1436,1011,1250]" box="[151,1436,1133,1158]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
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||
subspecies
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||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB20AD6FEC8FBC2FD595E83" authority="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 1953" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[267,712,1133,1158]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mattinglyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FEC8FBC2FEE45E80" bold="true" box="[267,373,1133,1157]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">mattinglyi</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABAB20AD6FEBFFBC1FD595E83" author="Baisas, F. E. & Ubaldo-Pagayon, A." box="[380,712,1134,1158]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" refId="ref143883" refString="Baisas, F. E. & Ubaldo-Pagayon, A. (1953) Notes on Philippine mosquitoes, XVI. Genus Tripteroides. Bureau of Printing, Manila, 198 pp., 23 pls. [for 1952]" type="book" year="1953">Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
—original combination:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB20AD6FC0BFBC1FA075E83" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[968,1430,1134,1158]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="powelli" subGenus="Tripteroides" subSpecies="mattinglyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FC0BFBC1FBD25E83" box="[968,1091,1134,1158]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Tripteroides</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FB91FBC1FB5C5E83" box="[1106,1229,1134,1158]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Tripteroides</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FB1EFBC1FA075E83" box="[1245,1430,1134,1158]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">powelli mattinglyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBAB20AD6FF04FB23FCB45EA1" blockId="129.[151,1436,1011,1250]" box="[199,805,1164,1189]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
|
||
Distribution:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBAB20AD6FE8CFB23FE505EA1" box="[335,449,1164,1188]" name="Philippines" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABAB20AD6FE0DFB23FC885EA1" author="Baisas, F. E. & Ubaldo-Pagayon, A." box="[462,793,1164,1189]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" refId="ref143883" refString="Baisas, F. E. & Ubaldo-Pagayon, A. (1953) Notes on Philippine mosquitoes, XVI. Genus Tripteroides. Bureau of Printing, Manila, 198 pp., 23 pls. [for 1952]" type="book" year="1953">Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBAB20AD6FF54FB04FB8C5EE7" blockId="129.[151,1436,1011,1250]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
|
||
subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB20AD6FECBFB04FE6C5EC6" ID-CoL="8FJL4" authority="(Ludlow, 1909 b)" baseAuthorityName="Ludlow" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[264,509,1195,1219]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="powelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FECBFB04FEC25EC6" bold="true" box="[264,339,1195,1219]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">powelli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABAB20AD6FE9DFB04FE645EC6" author="Ludlow, C. S." box="[350,501,1195,1219]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" pagination="233 - 235" refId="ref166595" refString="Ludlow, C. S. (1909 b) Mosquito observations. Canadian Entomologist, 41 (7), 233 - 235. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 41233 - 7" type="journal article" year="1909">Ludlow, 1909b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—original combination:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB20AD6FD34FB03FC595EC6" ID-CoL="8FKXP" authorityName="Ludlow" authorityYear="1909" box="[759,968,1195,1219]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Uranotaenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="powelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FD34FB03FC595EC6" box="[759,968,1195,1219]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Uranotaenia powelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Distribution:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBAB20AD6FB9BFB04FB525EC6" box="[1112,1219,1195,1219]" name="Cambodia" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBAB20AD6FB0FFB04FAA05EC6" box="[1228,1329,1195,1219]" name="Indonesia" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBAB20AD6FAFAFB04FA095EC6" box="[1337,1432,1195,1219]" name="Malaysia" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBAB20AD6FF04FB65FE715EE7" box="[199,480,1226,1250]" name="China" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">People’s Republic of China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBAB20AD6FE29FB65FDCE5EE7" box="[490,607,1226,1250]" name="Philippines" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBAB20AD6FDABFB65FD545EE7" box="[616,709,1226,1250]" name="Thailand" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBAB20AD6FD0DFB65FCB55EE7" box="[718,804,1226,1250]" name="Vietnam" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABAB20AD6FCF2FB65FB835EE7" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[817,1042,1226,1250]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
|
||
Wilkerson
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FC61FB64FC5F5EE7" box="[930,974,1226,1250]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BAB20AD6FF54FABFFA0A5F93" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBAB20AD6FF54FABFFA0A5F93" blockId="129.[151,1436,1296,1791]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB20AD6FED0FABFFE0A5F2F" authorityName="Giles" authorityYear="1904" box="[275,411,1296,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FED0FABFFE0A5F2F" box="[275,411,1296,1322]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Tripteroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with species distributed throughout the Australasian and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BAB20AD6FBEBFABFFB155F2F" box="[1064,1156,1296,1322]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="Ash Sharqiyah" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Oriental</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BAB20AD6FB48FABFFB7B5F2F" box="[1163,1258,1296,1322]" country="Iraq" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Regions</collectingRegion>
|
||
, has never been the subject of a comprehensive taxonomic revision; consequently, the majority of its species are poorly known. This is particularly true of species of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB20AD6FD53FAF7FC895F77" authorityName="Giles" authorityYear="1904" box="[656,792,1368,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FD53FAF7FC895F77" box="[656,792,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Tripteroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for which the immature stages of only a “small minority” of species have been described in detail and those that are known are currently indistinguishable (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABAB20AD6FB18FAD3FA1E5F93" author="Mattingly, P. F." box="[1243,1423,1404,1430]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref169038" refString="Mattingly, P. F. (1981) Medical entomology studies - XIV. The subgenera Rachionotomyia, Tricholeptomyia and Tripteroides (Mabinii Group) of genus Tripteroides in the Oriental region (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 17 (5), + 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="1981">Mattingly 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BAB20AD6FF04FA0FFD335CFA" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBAB20AD6FF04FA0FFBA25C97" blockId="129.[151,1436,1296,1791]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FF04FA0FFDAE5FBF" box="[199,575,1440,1466]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB20AD6FF04FA0FFE385FBF" ID-CoL="8FJL4" baseAuthorityName="Ludlow" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[199,425,1440,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="powelli">Tripteroides powelli</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BAB20AD6FE72FA0EFDAE5FBF" box="[433,575,1441,1466]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and the subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB20AD6FCE3FA0FFCEB5FBF" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[800,890,1440,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="escodae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FCE3FA0FFCEB5FBF" box="[800,890,1440,1466]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">escodae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB20AD6FC4AFA0FFC715FBF" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[905,992,1440,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laffooni">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FC4AFA0FFC715FBF" box="[905,992,1440,1466]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">laffooni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB20AD6FBDBFA0FFB1B5FBF" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[1048,1162,1440,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mattinglyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FBDBFA0FFB1B5FBF" box="[1048,1162,1440,1466]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">mattinglyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were all described from different islands of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBAB20AD6FE61FA6BFDB25FDB" box="[418,547,1476,1502]" name="Philippines" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and only the nominotypical form has been recorded in other countries of the Oriental Region (see above). The four forms have been found on various
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBAB20AD6FC2AFA47FB295C07" box="[1001,1208,1512,1538]" name="Philippines" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Philippine islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB20AD6FB06FA47FA8E5C07" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[1221,1311,1512,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="escodae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FB06FA47FA8E5C07" box="[1221,1311,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">escodae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—Balabac, Jolo, Mindanao and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BAB20AD6FEBEF9A3FE4D5C23" box="[381,476,1548,1574]" country="Philippines" name="Palawan" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Palawan</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BAB20AD6FE28F9A3FD8C5C23" box="[491,541,1548,1574]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality) Islands;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB20AD6FD24F9A3FCAF5C23" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[743,830,1548,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laffooni">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FD24F9A3FCAF5C23" box="[743,830,1548,1574]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">laffooni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BAB20AD6FC98F9A2FC0B5C22" box="[859,922,1549,1575]" country="Philippines" name="Southern Leyte" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Leyte</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BAB20AD6FC6AF9A3FC4A5C23" box="[937,987,1548,1574]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality), Mindanao and Samar Islands;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB20AD6FF54F99FFE985C4F" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[151,265,1584,1610]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mattinglyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FF54F99FFE985C4F" box="[151,265,1584,1610]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">mattinglyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—Culion (
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BAB20AD6FEBCF99FFE205C4F" box="[383,433,1584,1610]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality) and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BAB20AD6FD8BF99FFD365C4F" box="[584,679,1584,1610]" country="Philippines" name="Palawan" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Palawan</collectingRegion>
|
||
Islands;
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FCCAF99FFC7F5C4F" box="[777,1006,1584,1610]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB20AD6FCCAF99FFCCA5C4F" ID-CoL="8FJL4" baseAuthorityName="Ludlow" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[777,859,1584,1610]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="powelli">powelli</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BAB20AD6FCA1F99EFC7F5C4F" box="[866,1006,1585,1610]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
—widely distributed from Luzon (
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BAB20AD6FAA9F99FFA0D5C4F" box="[1386,1436,1584,1610]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality) to Mindanao (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABAB20AD6FE63F9FBFC855C6A" author="Baisas, F. E. & Ubaldo-Pagayon, A." box="[416,788,1620,1647]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" refId="ref143883" refString="Baisas, F. E. & Ubaldo-Pagayon, A. (1953) Notes on Philippine mosquitoes, XVI. Genus Tripteroides. Bureau of Printing, Manila, 198 pp., 23 pls. [for 1952]" type="book" year="1953">Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABAB20AD6FCE1F9FBFC365C6B" author="Basio, R. G." box="[802,935,1620,1646]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" refId="ref144497" refString="Basio, R. G. (1971) The mosquito fauna of the Philippines (Diptera Culicidae). Monograph No. 4. National Museum of the Philippines, Manila, v + 198 pp." type="book" year="1971">Basio 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB20AD6FBC6F9FBFBCE5C6B" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[1029,1119,1620,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="escodae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FBC6F9FBFBCE5C6B" box="[1029,1119,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">escodae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB20AD6FBB3F9FBFB565C6B" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[1136,1223,1620,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laffooni">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FBB3F9FBFB565C6B" box="[1136,1223,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">laffooni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FAC1F9FBFF4E5C97" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB20AD6FAC1F9FBFAC55C6B" ID-CoL="8FJL4" baseAuthorityName="Ludlow" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1282,1364,1620,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="powelli">powelli</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BAB20AD6FA9DF9FAFF4E5C97" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are found on Mindanao and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB20AD6FDE1F9D7FDED5C97" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[546,636,1656,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="escodae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FDE1F9D7FDED5C97" box="[546,636,1656,1682]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">escodae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB20AD6FD70F9D7FCB45C97" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[691,805,1656,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mattinglyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FD70F9D7FCB45C97" box="[691,805,1656,1682]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">mattinglyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
both occur on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BAB20AD6FC0FF9D7FBBE5C97" box="[972,1071,1656,1682]" country="Philippines" name="Palawan" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Palawan</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBAB20AD6FF04F933FD335CFA" blockId="129.[151,1436,1296,1791]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
|
||
The immature stages are known for the four nominal forms, but they have not been studied or described in comparative detail. In fact, there is some doubt concerning the identity of the larva of
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FB4BF96FFAE55CDF" box="[1160,1396,1728,1754]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB20AD6FB4BF96FFB4B5CDF" ID-CoL="8FJL4" baseAuthorityName="Ludlow" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1160,1242,1728,1754]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="powelli">powelli</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BAB20AD6FB27F96EFAE55CDF" box="[1252,1396,1729,1754]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, as revealed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABAB20AD6FEE3F94BFD0F5CFA" author="Baisas, F. E. & Ubaldo-Pagayon, A." box="[288,670,1764,1791]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" refId="ref143883" refString="Baisas, F. E. & Ubaldo-Pagayon, A. (1953) Notes on Philippine mosquitoes, XVI. Genus Tripteroides. Bureau of Printing, Manila, 198 pp., 23 pls. [for 1952]" type="book" year="1953">Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BAB20AD5FF34F881FBD95C4A" lastPageId="130" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBAB20AD5FF34F881FE035B1E" blockId="129.[199,1384,1838,2042]" lastBlockId="130.[199,1383,151,283]" lastPageId="130" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BAB20AD6FEE5F881FEC35D43" box="[294,338,1838,1862]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen described by Ludlow, being a female with unknown larva, is not distinguishable from four kinds of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB20AD6FEE2F8FDFEFD5D6F" baseAuthorityName="Ludlow" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[289,364,1874,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="powelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FEE2F8FDFEFD5D6F" box="[289,364,1874,1898]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">powelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
now known in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBAB20AD6FDF3F8FDFD345D6F" box="[560,677,1874,1898]" name="Philippines" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Even were its larva known, it could not be separated from the others unless it was the one which had two-branched ventral siphon tufts [seta 1-S]. The other three are alike in larval characters. Brug’s description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB20AD6FDE2F835FDFD5DB7" baseAuthorityName="Ludlow" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[545,620,1946,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="powelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FDE2F835FDFD5DB7" box="[545,620,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">powelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larva (1939), based on Dutch East Indian specimens, does not definitely prove that is the kind of larva Ludlow’s
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BAB20AD6FDABF811FD055DD3" box="[616,660,1982,2006]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">type</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB20AD6FD58F811FD775DD3" baseAuthorityName="Ludlow" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[667,742,1982,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="powelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB20AD6FD58F811FD775DD3" box="[667,742,1982,2006]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">powelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has. By coincidence, however, the materials we have on hand from Luzon Island (
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BAB20AD6FE50F84DFE515DFF" box="[403,448,2018,2042]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality) represent only the kind of larvae which has two-branched ventral siphon tufts, the same as that descried by Brug, but at the same time it differs in certain details from the Dutch East Indian form. It is not at all unlikely other forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB10AD5FDD8FF14FDF75AD6" baseAuthorityName="Ludlow" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[539,614,187,211]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="powelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FDD8FF14FDF75AD6" box="[539,614,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">powelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may also be found in Luzon Island if more extensive collections are made, in which case it is only by assumption that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BAB10AD5FD5EFF70FD585AF2" box="[669,713,223,247]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen could be regarded as that whose larva has two-branched ventral siphon tufts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBAB10AD5FF04FEE6FAF85BCA" blockId="130.[151,1437,329,715]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
|
||
Assuming the specimens reared from larvae that were studied by Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon are conspecific with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BAB10AD5FF35FEC2FEB75B82" box="[246,294,365,391]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">type</typeStatus>
|
||
female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB10AD5FE58FEC2FE7C5B82" baseAuthorityName="Ludlow" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[411,493,365,391]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="powelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FE58FEC2FE7C5B82" box="[411,493,365,391]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">powelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it seems the larvae, as well as the pupae, of the four forms recognized by the authors, based albeit on apparent cursory examination of specimens, are indistinguishable. As stated by Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, “Definite differences between [the] subspecies [are] found only in [the] male terminalia [genitalia].”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBAB10AD5FF04FE76FD9958CE" blockId="130.[151,1437,329,715]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
|
||
The anatomical terminology used by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABAB10AD5FDB2FE76FC615BF1" author="Baisas, F. E. & Ubaldo-Pagayon, A." box="[625,1008,473,500]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" refId="ref143883" refString="Baisas, F. E. & Ubaldo-Pagayon, A. (1953) Notes on Philippine mosquitoes, XVI. Genus Tripteroides. Bureau of Printing, Manila, 198 pp., 23 pls. [for 1952]" type="book" year="1953">Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and most other authors for structures of the phallosome of the male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB10AD5FDB6FE52FD6C5812" authorityName="Giles" authorityYear="1904" box="[629,765,509,535]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FDB6FE52FD6C5812" box="[629,765,509,535]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Tripteroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is confusing. References to the phallosome generally apply to features of the aedeagus, which consists of two lateral plates (aedeagal sclerites) that are normally connected in tergal aspect by a narrow submedian tergal bridge, each plate with a variously developed apical sternal process (ventral arm, VA, of Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon) and a less distinctively developed median tergal process (dorsal arm, DA, of Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon). Considering this clarification, Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon distinguished the subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB10AD5FEF7FD1EFE1758CE" baseAuthorityName="Ludlow" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[308,390,689,715]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="powelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FEF7FD1EFE1758CE" box="[308,390,689,715]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">powelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as follows.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBAB10AD5FF34FD54FB605E7E" blockId="130.[199,1384,763,1147]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
|
||
Phallosome of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB10AD5FE57FD54FE6A5916" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[404,507,763,787]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mattinglyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FE57FD54FE6A5916" box="[404,507,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">mattinglyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is quite distinct from those of others, not only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB10AD5FBC4FD54FBC35916" baseAuthorityName="Ludlow" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1031,1106,763,787]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="powelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FBC4FD54FBC35916" box="[1031,1106,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">powelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex but also from all species in Group B, because its VA is represented only by teeth which arise directly from rim of tube at point where, in other species of Group B, VA arises. Moreover,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB10AD5FD01FCECFCB8595E" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[706,809,835,859]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mattinglyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FD01FCECFCB8595E" box="[706,809,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">mattinglyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a few teeth, of which three or four arise from a small prominence at base (tergal wall) of DA.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB10AD5FD99FCC8FD21597A" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[602,688,871,895]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laffooni">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FD99FCC8FD21597A" box="[602,688,871,895]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Laffooni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has finer and more (over twelve) teeth at this point, but they arise not from a prominence but directly from wall of DA.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB10AD5FD7BFC24FCB359A6" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[696,802,907,931]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mattinglyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FD7BFC24FCB359A6" box="[696,802,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Mattinglyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is strikingly similar in phallosome to
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FB5FFC24FA9759A6" box="[1180,1286,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">rozeboomi</emphasis>
|
||
of Group A. Beyond that, however, there is no other similarity between them. VA in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB10AD5FC00FC00FBF159C2" baseAuthorityName="Ludlow" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[963,1120,943,967]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="powelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FC00FC00FBF159C2" box="[963,1120,943,967]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">powelli powelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
much shorter than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB10AD5FF04FC7CFE8859EE" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[199,281,979,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="escodae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FF04FC7CFE8859EE" box="[199,281,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">escodae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB10AD5FEF9FC7CFE3059EE" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[314,417,979,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mattinglyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FEF9FC7CFE3059EE" box="[314,417,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">mattinglyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Viewed in whole terminalia [genitalia] mounts VA in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB10AD5FC0AFC7CFBF459EE" baseAuthorityName="Ludlow" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[969,1125,979,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="powelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FC0AFC7CFBF459EE" box="[969,1125,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">powelli powelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be seen beneath and at about or below middle of DA. This is because VA is only about half length of DA. VA in either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB10AD5FB66FC58FB665E0A" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[1189,1271,1015,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="escodae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FB66FC58FB665E0A" box="[1189,1271,1015,1039]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">escodae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB10AD5FADBFC58FAF65E0A" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[1304,1383,1015,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laffooni">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FADBFC58FAF65E0A" box="[1304,1383,1015,1039]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">laffooni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
measures equal or nearly equal length of DA. Because of long VA, and partly because of usual slight upward tilting of organ, the teeth are well exposed beyond apex of DA (see text fig. 2d) in whole mounts; and teeth coarser. Presence of teeth toward base of DA distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB10AD5FD8DFBCCFD0C5E7E" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[590,669,1123,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laffooni">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FD8DFBCCFD0C5E7E" box="[590,669,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">laffooni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB10AD5FD18FBCCFCBC5E7E" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[731,813,1123,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="escodae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FD18FBCCFCBC5E7E" box="[731,813,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">escodae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; latter does not have any trace of such teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBAB10AD5FF04FB06FBD95C4A" blockId="130.[151,1436,1193,1615]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
|
||
In many species-rich groups of animals, structures of the male genitalia provide better means for distinguishing species than any other morphological characters. Thus, evolution of genital form is thought to be involved in the origin of species. This would seem to be true of species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB10AD5FCDEFB5EFC345F0E" authorityName="Giles" authorityYear="1904" box="[797,933,1265,1291]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FCDEFB5EFC345F0E" box="[797,933,1265,1291]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Tripteroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which like many species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB10AD5FA97FB5EFA045F0E" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1364,1429,1265,1291]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FA97FB5EFA045F0E" box="[1364,1429,1265,1291]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Culex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and others, are difficult to distinguish except by features of the male genitalia. Based on the distinct differences in the structure of the aedeagal sclerites of the male genitalia and the apparent sympatry on different islands, as well as significant doubts about the identification of specimens of
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FCD7FAF2FC645F72" box="[788,1013,1373,1399]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB10AD5FCD7FAF2FCF75F72" baseAuthorityName="Ludlow" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[788,870,1373,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="powelli">powelli</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BAB10AD5FCA8FAF1FC645F72" box="[875,1013,1374,1399]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in countries other than the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBAB10AD5FAD4FAF2FA095F72" box="[1303,1432,1373,1399]" name="Philippines" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, we are confident that the four nominal forms,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB10AD5FD5AFA2EFD625F9E" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[665,755,1409,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="escodae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FD5AFA2EFD625F9E" box="[665,755,1409,1435]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">escodae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB10AD5FCC2FA2EFCC95F9E" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[769,856,1409,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laffooni">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FCC2FA2EFCC95F9E" box="[769,856,1409,1435]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">laffooni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB10AD5FCA5FA2EFC495F9E" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[870,984,1409,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mattinglyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FCA5FA2EFC495F9E" box="[870,984,1409,1435]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">mattinglyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB10AD5FBCEFA2EFBCE5F9E" baseAuthorityName="Ludlow" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1037,1119,1409,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="powelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FBCEFA2EFBCE5F9E" box="[1037,1119,1409,1435]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">powelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are separate species, which further morphological study, coupled with molecular analyses, will corroborate. Based on this conviction, the three subspecies described by Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon are hereby formally raised to specific status:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB10AD5FAD2FA67FCB25C02" authority="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 1953" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="escodae" subGenus="Tripteroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FAD2FA67FCB25C02" bold="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FAD2FA67FA0D5FE6" bold="true" box="[1297,1436,1480,1507]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Tripteroides</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FF62FA43FEBD5C02" bold="true" box="[161,300,1516,1543]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Tripteroides</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FEFEFA43FE065C02" bold="true" box="[317,407,1516,1543]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">escodae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABAB10AD5FE63FA43FCB25C02" author="Baisas, F. E. & Ubaldo-Pagayon, A." box="[416,803,1516,1543]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" refId="ref143883" refString="Baisas, F. E. & Ubaldo-Pagayon, A. (1953) Notes on Philippine mosquitoes, XVI. Genus Tripteroides. Bureau of Printing, Manila, 198 pp., 23 pls. [for 1952]" type="book" year="1953">Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FCF7FA42FA055C02" bold="true" box="[820,1428,1516,1543]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FCF7FA42FCC25C02" bold="true" box="[820,851,1517,1543]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Tp</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FCAFFA42FC045C02" bold="true" box="[876,917,1517,1543]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Trp</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB10AD5FC6EFA43FA055C02" authority="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 1953" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[941,1428,1516,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laffooni">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FC6EFA43FB995C02" bold="true" box="[941,1032,1516,1543]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">laffooni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABAB10AD5FBD2FA43FA055C02" author="Baisas, F. E. & Ubaldo-Pagayon, A." box="[1041,1428,1516,1543]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" refId="ref143883" refString="Baisas, F. E. & Ubaldo-Pagayon, A. (1953) Notes on Philippine mosquitoes, XVI. Genus Tripteroides. Bureau of Printing, Manila, 198 pp., 23 pls. [for 1952]" type="book" year="1953">Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; and
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FF04F9BEFCAB5C2E" bold="true" box="[199,826,1552,1579]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FF04F9BEFF775C2E" bold="true" box="[199,230,1553,1579]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Tp</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FF3DF9BEFEB65C2E" bold="true" box="[254,295,1553,1579]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Trp</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB10AD5FEFDF9BFFCAB5C2E" authority="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 1953" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[318,826,1552,1579]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mattinglyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FEFDF9BFFE225C2E" bold="true" box="[318,435,1552,1579]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">mattinglyi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABAB10AD5FE79F9BFFCAB5C2E" author="Baisas, F. E. & Ubaldo-Pagayon, A." box="[442,826,1552,1579]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" refId="ref143883" refString="Baisas, F. E. & Ubaldo-Pagayon, A. (1953) Notes on Philippine mosquitoes, XVI. Genus Tripteroides. Bureau of Printing, Manila, 198 pp., 23 pls. [for 1952]" type="book" year="1953">Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB10AD5FC8BF9BEFBA35C2E" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[840,1074,1553,1579]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="escodae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FC8BF9BEFBA35C2E" box="[840,1074,1553,1579]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Tripteroides escodae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB10AD5FBAAF9BDFA965C2E" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[1129,1287,1553,1579]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mattinglyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FBAAF9BDFA965C2E" box="[1129,1287,1553,1579]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Tp. mattinglyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are currently listed as species in the Encyclopedia of Life;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB10AD5FD51F999FC845C4A" authorityName="Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon" authorityYear="1953" box="[658,789,1589,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Tripteroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laffooni">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB10AD5FD51F999FC845C4A" box="[658,789,1589,1615]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Tp. laffooni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be added to the list.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |