199 lines
20 KiB
XML
199 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="8E58B23D365FFD47DC40CF2EA34DDB97" ID-CLB-Dataset="53758" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5303.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="55cb0aa4-25b5-43fc-b545-54697a22b641" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8043342" ID-ZooBank="DE9C1F18-5CEE-4968-9991-075B977966FE" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1686836004935" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Harbach, Ralph E. & Wilkerson, Richard C." docDate="2023" docId="161B87CDBA0A0A6EFF54FB4BFA995DBF" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5303.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5303 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Anopheles (Anopheles) parapunctipennis Martini" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="58" masterDocId="EA22FFB5BA330A57FFC3FFAFFF915A05" masterDocTitle="The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification" masterLastPageNumber="184" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1699524690436" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EA1A917E2F69F19DBFAEB5EFCF4BFCCF">
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<mods:title id="9ABFA4B8C9B5C910F4EB7D23F14CE353">The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="98F7DFBB02FA585ACF4896746FF4A133" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C145AE4659E4AE490074DEA5F647F564">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="57759E7C36C5FAAEA4021069AF7D9A1B">Harbach, Ralph E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="628A7D4B24B7E0182A93F5B11B51F862" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1384-6972</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6CCB85BEFA09D45EA3DC0F4C60937657" type="email">r.harbach@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="D56B568C6102A1E89DBCD3BF2B2AF8E0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6429FC27A82FEE3FABD3DD4001BA7D23">Wilkerson, Richard C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="263259F4D5BE2E6AC5DF445F5F707025" type="ORCID">0000-0001-6366-1357</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E2579FD2675169D38274D61CB2F7E27D" type="email">wilkersonr@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A34C61CD7F745A1A8BD51CD5876617BC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="336623BD5911CD1572772FDF9391873A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6C1E21E70906EB172A055FD1B9F07AFB">
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<mods:date id="1EE231B4188F02CEDC3E4050A1FB25FA">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FFE88928FABA85A3D27008E8EBD85E97">2023-06-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CBDE648C2F98A2C77872658D16053F0D">5303</mods:number>
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<treatment id="161B87CDBA0A0A6EFF54FB4BFA995DBF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8064192" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209700387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8064192" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBA0A0A6EFF54FB4BFA995DBF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/161B87CDBA0A0A6EFF54FB4BFA995DBF" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA0A0A6EFF54FB4BFD645EFB" box="[151,757,1252,1279]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA0A0A6EFF54FB4BFD645EFB" blockId="57.[151,757,1252,1279]" box="[151,757,1252,1279]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<heading id="C54581B7BA0A0A6EFF54FB4BFD645EFB" bold="true" box="[151,757,1252,1279]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0A0A6EFF54FB4BFD645EFB" authority="Martini" authorityName="Martini" box="[151,757,1252,1279]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parapunctipennis" subGenus="Anopheles">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0A0A6EFF54FB4BFD645EFB" bold="true" box="[151,757,1252,1279]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0A0A6EFF54FB4BFE875EFA" bold="true" box="[151,278,1252,1279]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Anopheles</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0A0A6EFEE4FB4BFE375EFA" bold="true" box="[295,422,1252,1279]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Anopheles</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0A0A6EFE7BFB4AFD1D5EFA" bold="true" box="[440,652,1253,1279]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">parapunctipennis</emphasis>
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Martini
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA0A0A6EFF54FA86FE455F98" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA0A0A6EFF54FA86FB825F65" blockId="57.[151,1437,1321,1437]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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subspecies
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0A0A6EFECCFA86FE355F44" bold="true" box="[271,420,1321,1345]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">guatemalensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0A0A6EFE73FA86FDDB5F44" author="de Leon, J. R." box="[432,586,1321,1345]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="411 - 424" refId="ref150940" refString="de Leon, J. R. (1938) El anophelismo de altura en Guatemala. Boletin de la Direccion General de Sanidad Publica (Guatemala), 9, 411 - 424." type="journal article" year="1938">
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de
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<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA0A0A6EFE10FA86FD9B5F44" box="[467,522,1321,1345]" country="Nicaragua" name="Leon" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">León</collectingRegion>
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, 1938
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</bibRefCitation>
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—original combination:
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0A0A6EFC92FA86FA0D5F44" authorityName="de León" authorityYear="1938" box="[849,1436,1321,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="chiriquiensis" subGenus="Anopheles" variety="guatemalensis">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0A0A6EFC92FA86FC2A5F44" box="[849,955,1321,1345]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Anopheles</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0A0A6EFC0DFA86FBA95F44" box="[974,1080,1321,1345]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Anopheles</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0A0A6EFB8FFA86FB5E5F44" box="[1100,1231,1321,1345]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">chiriquiensis</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0A0A6EFAC8FA86FA0D5F44" box="[1291,1436,1321,1345]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">guatemalensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(subspecific status by Wilkerson 1990). Distribution:
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0A0A6EFD25FAE7FCC55F65" box="[742,852,1352,1376]" name="Guatemala" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
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(Wilkerson 1990).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA0A0A6EFF54FAC8FE455F98" blockId="57.[151,1437,1321,1437]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0A0A6EFECCFAC9FDCE5F7A" authority="Martini, 1932" authorityName="Martini" authorityYear="1932" box="[271,607,1382,1407]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parapunctipennis">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0A0A6EFECCFAC9FE575F7B" bold="true" box="[271,454,1382,1406]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">parapunctipennis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0A0A6EFE12FAC8FDCE5F7A" author="Martini, E." box="[465,607,1383,1407]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="99 - 102" refId="ref168213" refString="Martini, E. (1932) Dos nuevos mosquitos Anopheles, procedentes del Estado de Chiapas, Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biologia, 12, 99 - 102." type="journal article" year="1932">Martini, 1932</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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—original combination:
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0A0A6EFCA7FAC8FB1B5F7B" authorityName="Martini" authorityYear="1932" box="[868,1162,1383,1407]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parapunctipennis">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0A0A6EFCA7FAC8FB1B5F7B" box="[868,1162,1383,1407]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Anopheles parapunctipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Distribution:
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0A0A6EFAEBFAC8FA095F7A" box="[1320,1432,1383,1407]" name="Guatemala" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0A0A6EFF04FA2AFE855F98" box="[199,276,1413,1437]" name="Mexico" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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(Wilkerson 1990).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA0A0A6EFF54FA64FA995DBF" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA0A0A6EFF54FA64FA995DBF" blockId="57.[151,1437,1483,1978]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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The nominotypical subspecies belongs to
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0A0A6EFDB9FA64FC175FE0" box="[634,902,1483,1509]" genus="The" pageId="57" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="pseudopunctipennis">the Pseudopunctipennis</taxonomicName>
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Group (
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0A0A6EFC2AFA64FB4D5FE0" author="Reid, J. A. & Knight, K. L." box="[1001,1244,1483,1510]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="474 - 488" refId="ref174531" refString="Reid, J. A. & Knight, K. L. (1961) Classification within the subgenus Anopheles (Diptera, Culicidae). Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 55 (4), 474 - 488. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00034983.1961.11686077" type="journal article" year="1961">Reid & Knight 1961</bibRefCitation>
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). Most members of the group are large, high elevation species which share a number of distinctive morphological characters (see the treatment of
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0A0A6EFE9BF9BBFD4B5C28" authority="Theobald" authorityName="Theobald" box="[344,730,1555,1582]" genus="The" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="species" species="pseudopunctipennis">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0A0A6EFE9BF9BBFDF75C28" box="[344,614,1555,1582]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">An. pseudopunctipennis</emphasis>
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Theobald
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</taxonomicName>
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below). Wilkerson (1990) established that a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0A0A6EFAB5F9BBFECA5C54" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parapunctipennis">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0A0A6EFAB5F9BBFA045C2B" box="[1398,1429,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">An</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0A0A6EFF54F997FECA5C54" box="[151,347,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">parapunctipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0A0A6EFEAEF997FE1E5C54" box="[365,399,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">i.e.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0A0A6EFE59F998FC485C54" authority="Komp, 1936" authorityName="Komp" authorityYear="1936" box="[410,985,1591,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiriquiensis" subGenus="Anopheles">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0A0A6EFE59F998FD9E5C54" box="[410,527,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Anopheles</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0A0A6EFDE1F998FD065C54" box="[546,663,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Anopheles</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0A0A6EFD68F998FCAD5C54" box="[683,828,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">chiriquiensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0A0A6EFC85F997FC485C54" author="Komp, W. H. W." box="[838,985,1591,1618]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="156 - 160" refId="ref163181" refString="Komp, W. H. W. (1936) Anopheles (Anopheles) chiriquiensis, a new species of Anopheles from Panama (Diptera, Culicidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 38 (7), 156 - 160." type="journal article" year="1936">Komp, 1936</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, was a valid species. However, he left
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0A0A6EFF54F9F4FEA65C70" box="[151,311,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">guatemalensis</emphasis>
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as a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0A0A6EFDCAF9F3FD5C5C70" box="[521,717,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parapunctipennis">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0A0A6EFDCAF9F3FD5C5C70" box="[521,717,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">parapunctipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and stated that a single character in the female (but not the male) separated it from the nominotypical species: Vein R
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<subScript id="0236349EBA0A0A6EFD1FF93DFD755CA5" attach="left" box="[732,740,1682,1696]" fontSize="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">1</subScript>
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dark at the subcostal pale spot, pale in
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0A0A6EFB5CF92FFAF25C9C" box="[1183,1379,1664,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parapunctipennis">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0A0A6EFB5CF92FFAF25C9C" box="[1183,1379,1664,1689]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">parapunctipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The
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<typeStatus id="41098879BA0A0A6EFF54F90BFF565CBB" box="[151,199,1700,1726]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
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locality of the nominotypical subspecies is San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas Mexico (coordinates:
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<geoCoordinate id="FB86501CBA0A0A6EFAEFF90CFA095CB8" box="[1324,1432,1699,1725]" degrees="16.73176" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" precision="1" value="16.73176">16.73176</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="FB86501CBA0A0A6EFF54F968FE9A5CE4" box="[151,267,1735,1761]" degrees="92.64126" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" precision="1" value="-92.64126">-92.64126</geoCoordinate>
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) and the
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<typeStatus id="41098879BA0A0A6EFEBDF967FE3F5CE7" box="[382,430,1736,1762]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
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locality of subspecies
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0A0A6EFD7EF968FCCC5CE4" box="[701,861,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">guatemalensis</emphasis>
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is Cumbre del Aire, Department of
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<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA0A0A6EFAC8F968FA095CE4" box="[1291,1432,1735,1761]" country="Guatemala" name="Totonicapan" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Totonicapán</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0A0A6EFF54F944FE815D00" box="[151,272,1771,1797]" name="Guatemala" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
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(coordinates:
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<geoCoordinate id="FB86501CBA0A0A6EFE6DF944FD885D03" box="[430,537,1771,1798]" degrees="15.11667" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" precision="1" value="15.11667">15.11667</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="FB86501CBA0A0A6EFDE0F944FD0B5D03" box="[547,666,1771,1798]" degrees="91.56667" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" precision="1" value="-91.56667">-91.56667</geoCoordinate>
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). The two localities are only
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<quantity id="594A9B3EBA0A0A6EFC16F943FBB85D00" box="[981,1065,1771,1798]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.13" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="km" value="213.0">213 km</quantity>
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apart in the same mountain range (coordinates and distance: D. Pecor pers. comm.). Given there is insufficient morphological indication that these nominal forms are genetically distinct, and that the
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<typeStatus id="41098879BA0A0A6EFD7DF89BFD7F5D4B" box="[702,750,1844,1870]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
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localities are geographically close enough to assume sympatry, we hereby recognize
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0A0A6EFE51F8F8FDA35D74" box="[402,562,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">guatemalensis</emphasis>
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as a synonymous name:
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0A0A6EFC9CF8F8FC3C5D90" bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0A0A6EFC9CF8F8FB955D77" bold="true" box="[863,1028,1879,1906]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">guatemalensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0A0A6EFBCCF8F7FB2F5D74" author="de Leon, J. R." box="[1039,1214,1878,1906]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="411 - 424" refId="ref150940" refString="de Leon, J. R. (1938) El anophelismo de altura en Guatemala. Boletin de la Direccion General de Sanidad Publica (Guatemala), 9, 411 - 424." type="journal article" year="1938">de León, 1938</bibRefCitation>
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, junior subjective synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0A0A6EFEE4F8D4FC3C5D90" authority="Martini, 1932" authorityName="Martini" authorityYear="1932" box="[295,941,1915,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parapunctipennis" subGenus="Anopheles">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0A0A6EFEE4F8D4FE315D93" bold="true" box="[295,416,1915,1942]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Anopheles</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0A0A6EFE73F8D4FDB85D93" bold="true" box="[432,553,1915,1942]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Anopheles</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0A0A6EFDFAF8D4FC925D90" bold="true" box="[569,771,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">parapunctipennis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0A0A6EFCC9F8D4FC3C5D90" author="Martini, E." box="[778,941,1915,1941]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="99 - 102" refId="ref168213" refString="Martini, E. (1932) Dos nuevos mosquitos Anopheles, procedentes del Estado de Chiapas, Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biologia, 12, 99 - 102." type="journal article" year="1932">Martini, 1932</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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. The nominal
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0A0A6EFB8DF8D4FB7F5D90" box="[1102,1262,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">guatemalensis</emphasis>
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, which is listed as a species in the Encyclopedia of Life, must be removed from the list of valid species of
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0A0A6EFB4FF830FA905DBC" baseAuthorityName="Harrison" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[1164,1281,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0A0A6EFB4FF830FA905DBC" box="[1164,1281,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Anopheles</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |