181 lines
24 KiB
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181 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="C97E3F5444229B71CD6CFC64D5F08F2B" ID-DOI="10.1206/4013.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12171535" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1718827378311" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Sarr, Raphaël, Hill, Robert V., Jenkins, Xavier A., Tapanila, Leif & O'Leary, Maureen A." docDate="2024" docId="03888792421FFFD8FE6CFB1311B38198" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2024.4013.1-31.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 2024 (4013)" docSource="https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2024/issue-4013/4013.1/A-Composite-Section-of-Fossiliferous-Late-CretaceousEarly-Paleogene-Localities-in/10.1206/4013.1.full" docStyle="DocumentStyle:26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4.6:AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleId="26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Pycnodus jonesae Longbottom 1984" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="FFB1FFEA420AFFCFFFACFF921259830E" masterDocTitle="A Composite Section of Fossiliferous Late Cretaceous- Early Paleogene Localities in Senegal and Preliminary Description of a New Late Maastrichtian Vertebrate Fossil Assemblage" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1718827991282" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="45CA839EAECC9824A1F822869960DB41">A Composite Section of Fossiliferous Late Cretaceous- Early Paleogene Localities in Senegal and Preliminary Description of a New Late Maastrichtian Vertebrate Fossil Assemblage</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CB34C8C92821858C8F527DC88D422F8B">Sarr, Raphaël</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="56CF2652E9EB2FE37C5308FAF746D900">Hill, Robert V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="24EF46DFC4D45A3C85AC5F3C09DDE32C">Jenkins, Xavier A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C480304DFBE1B781929861ACFDD48751">Tapanila, Leif</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="79FED0B24DAB278EB4F14B132DC0E121">O'Leary, Maureen A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0363D871C6AA8949FA40E08B8A588873">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9E8DFCA813B1270E4511710E89F49AA1">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3D1A613DDC70A1BF2DCE3F2EE7DB9001">2024-05-08</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1AF2EA0503168F6DE28742EE7B0E6C9D">2024</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="27F2E22351EE98380BBAC6BCA4726925">4013</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03888792421FFFD8FE6CFB1311B38198" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03888792421FFFD8FE6CFB1311B38198" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03888792421FFFD8FE6CFB1311B38198" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<subSubSection id="C33B650F421FFFDAFE6CFB1311308795" box="[448,873,1153,1179]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E3684421FFFDAFE6CFB1311308795" blockId="21.[448,873,1153,1179]" box="[448,873,1153,1179]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<heading id="D0D681E8421FFFDAFE6CFB1311308795" box="[448,873,1153,1179]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D07421FFFDAFE6CFB1311308795" authority="Longbottom, 1984" authorityName="Longbottom" authorityYear="1984" box="[448,873,1153,1179]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pycnodontidae" genus="Pycnodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pycnodontiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jonesae">
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<emphasis id="B955EA96421FFFDAFE6CFB1310D38795" box="[448,650,1153,1179]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Pycnodus jonesae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B75421FFFDAFD3CFB1311308795" author="Longbottom, A. E." box="[656,873,1153,1179]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref12507" refString="Longbottom, A. E. 1984. New Tertiary pycnodonts from the Tilemsi valley Republic of Mali. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History 38: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1984">Longbottom, 1984</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B650F421FFFDAFDF1FB2B1352851F" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E3684421FFFDAFDF1FB2B109487DD" blockId="21.[605,717,1209,1235]" box="[605,717,1209,1235]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<heading id="D0D681E8421FFFDAFDF1FB2B109487DD" box="[605,717,1209,1235]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="7">
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<figureCitation id="131A2A01421FFFDAFDF1FB2B109487DD" box="[605,717,1209,1235]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="21.[109,195,722,743]" captionTargetBox="[438,883,231,681]" captionTargetId="figure-189@21.[432,889,224,695]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 12. Pycnodus jonesae (SEN 056) from the Late Maastrichtian Cap de Naze Formation discovered at the North Quarry of Poponguine. Left prearticular in occlusal view. Scale = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12171566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12171566/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figure 12</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E3684421FFFDAFF30FB60104F8602" blockId="21.[108,1214,1265,1740]" box="[156,534,1265,1292]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">REFERRED MATERIAL: SEN 056.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E3684421FFFDAFF30FA851352851F" blockId="21.[108,1214,1265,1740]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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DESCRIPTION: The specimen is a partial left prearticular preserving a coronoid process and part of the lower dentition. The teeth have the bluish-white preservation elsewhere described for
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D07421FFFDAFEBAFAF010CB8675" authority="(O'Leary et al., 2019)" baseAuthorityName="O'Leary" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[278,658,1377,1404]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pycnodontidae" genus="Pycnodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pycnodontiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jonesae">
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<emphasis id="B955EA96421FFFDAFEBAFAF013D18675" box="[278,392,1378,1403]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P. jonesae</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B75421FFFDAFE3BFAF310D28675" author="O'Leary, M. A." box="[407,651,1377,1404]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 177" refId="ref12878" refString="O'Leary, M. A., et al. 2019. Stratigraphy and paleobiology of the Upper Cretaceous-Lower Paleogene sediments from the Trans-Saharan Seaway in Mali. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 436: 1 - 177." type="journal article" year="2019">O’Leary et al., 2019</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. The medial toothrow preserves three mediolaterally wide teeth with concave wear facets. The first lateral toothrow preserves 10 teeth, all wider than long. The tooth crowns of the medial and first lateral rows are similar in size; however, they become smaller anteriorly. The next lateral row preserves three rounded, buttonlike teeth.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B650F421FFFD9FF30F98E110B82C7" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9E3684421FFFD9FF30F98E13D58265" blockId="21.[108,1214,1265,1740]" lastBlockId="22.[108,1213,225,363]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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DISCUSSION: Pycnodonts are an extinct clade of largely marine neopterygian fishes with deep, rounded bodies hypothesized to have inhabited ancient reefs and lagoons (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B75421FFFDAFB99F9D31343858F" author="Kriwet, J. & L. Schmitz" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="49 - 56" refId="ref12391" refString="Kriwet, J., and L. Schmitz. 2005. New insight into the distribution and palaeobiology of the pycnodont fish Gyrodus. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50: 49 - 56." type="journal article" year="2005">Kriwet and Schmitz, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). They existed from the Late Triassic through the Eocene and are known for their characteristic durophagous dentitions, which are relatively common elements of shallow marine Cretaceous through Paleogene deposits in West Africa localities in
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<collectingCountry id="F3367614421FFFDAFC71F923164A85C5" box="[989,1043,1713,1739]" name="Serbia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Mali</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B75421FFFD9FB8EF92312FE83F5" author="Longbottom, A. E." lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref12507" refString="Longbottom, A. E. 1984. New Tertiary pycnodonts from the Tilemsi valley Republic of Mali. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History 38: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1984">Longbottom, 1984</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B75421CFFD9FF1EFF7313BA83F2" author="Kriwet, J. & L. Schmitz" box="[178,483,225,252]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="49 - 56" refId="ref12391" refString="Kriwet, J., and L. Schmitz. 2005. New insight into the distribution and palaeobiology of the pycnodont fish Gyrodus. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 50: 49 - 56." type="journal article" year="2005">Kriwet and Schmitz, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B75421CFFD9FE42FF73108C83F5" author="O'Leary, M. A." box="[494,725,225,252]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 177" refId="ref12878" refString="O'Leary, M. A., et al. 2019. Stratigraphy and paleobiology of the Upper Cretaceous-Lower Paleogene sediments from the Trans-Saharan Seaway in Mali. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 436: 1 - 177." type="journal article" year="2019">O’Leary et al., 2019</bibRefCitation>
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). The specimens recovered here represent only the second report of pycnodonts from
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<collectingCountry id="F3367614421CFFD9FDDEFE951092822F" box="[626,715,263,289]" name="Senegal" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Senegal</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B75421CFFD9FD70FE9511D3822F" author="Capasso, L." box="[732,906,263,289]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="37 - 41" refId="ref11365" refString="Capasso, L. 2019. Presence of Pycnodontids (Pisces, Actinopterigii) in the Late Cretaceous Cap de Naze marine formation, at Poponguine Cliff, Senegal (central Africa). Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, Serie di Archeologia, Geologia e Paleontologia 43: 37 - 41." type="journal article" year="2019">Capasso, 2019</bibRefCitation>
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). These individuals would have inhabited a paleoenvironment closer to the open ocean than their relatives in the Trans-Saharan Seaway of
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<collectingCountry id="F3367614421CFFD9FEE3FEC313D18265" box="[335,392,337,363]" name="Serbia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Mali</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E3684421CFFD9FE7BFE3D110B82C7" blockId="22.[471,850,431,457]" box="[471,850,431,457]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D07421CFFD9FE7BFE3D10D182C7" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1833" box="[471,648,431,457]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pycnodontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pycnodontiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pycnodontidae</taxonomicName>
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gen. et sp. indet.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B650F421CFFD9FF30FE7513A9817F" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E3684421CFFD9FF30FE7510B28145" blockId="22.[108,1212,487,737]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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REFERRED MATERIAL: SEN 076, 077, 081. These specimens are figured as 2
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D07421CFFD9FB87FE7516CA810F" box="[1067,1171,487,513]" class="Nodosariata" family="Vaginulinidae" genus="Dentalina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Vaginulinida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="media">D media</taxonomicName>
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on MorphoBank as follows, MorphoBank Project P4480: SEN 076 (M902030), SEN 077 (M902027, M902028), SEN 078 (M902029), SEN 081 (M901999).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E3684421CFFD9FF30FDC513A9817F" blockId="22.[108,1212,487,737]" box="[156,496,599,625]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">DESCRIPTION: Isolated teeth.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B650F421CFFD9FF30FDEE116B865D" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9E3684421CFFD9FF30FDEE102281EF" blockId="22.[108,1212,487,737]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">DISCUSSION: These specimens have similarities to other pycnodonts but are too fragmentary to assign to species (images of them have therefore been included only in the supplementary online material at MorphoBank P4480).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E3684421CFFD9FE4EFCBD111F8047" blockId="22.[482,838,815,841]" box="[482,838,815,841]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">SILURIFORMES Cuvier, 1817</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E3684421CFFD9FD8AFCF5115B808F" blockId="22.[550,770,871,897]" box="[550,770,871,897]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Siluriformes indet.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E3684421CFFD9FDFEFC0D108F80B7" blockId="22.[594,726,927,953]" box="[594,726,927,953]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<heading id="D0D681E8421CFFD9FDFEFC0D108F80B7" box="[594,726,927,953]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="7">
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<figureCitation id="131A2A01421CFFD9FDFEFC0D108F80B7" box="[594,726,927,953]" captionStart="FIGURE 9. 3" captionStartId="18.[108,194,1477,1498]" captionText="FIGURE 9. 3D surface reconstructions of microfossils discovered after acid preparation of the rock matrix from the Late Maastrichtian Cap de Naze Formation, unit 1a, at the locality North Quarry of Poponguine. A, Coprolite (SEN 099); B, fecal casts (peloids), likely invertebrate (SEN 100); C,?Scleractinia, encrusting coral fragment SEN (094); D, Elasmobranchii, dermal denticle, superficial view (SEN 090); E, Osteichthyes, partial vertebra, axial view (SEN 088); F, Osteichthyes, fragmentary cranial element (SEN 085); G, Osteichthyes, fragmentary?parasphenoid in ventral view (SEN 101); H,?Osteichthyes, indeterminate bone (SEN 084); I, Siluriformes, dorsal spine base, caudal view (SEN 093); J, Siluriformes, pectoral spine,?dorsal view (SEN 096); K, L, possible osteichthyan otoliths (SEN 097 and 098); M, aggregate sample of microfossils showing relative abundance of coprolites, spines, and vertebrate and invertebrate fragments (SEN 082). Scales = 1 mm except M, which is 5 mm." pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 9I, J</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E3684421CFFD9FF30FC4513718788" blockId="22.[108,1214,983,1158]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<materialsCitation id="3B493CD9421CFFD9FF30FC45137D8788" collectionCode="SEN" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCode="SEN 093, SEN 096" specimenCount="2">
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<specimenCount id="9D27FD0D421CFFD9FF30FC45130880FF" box="[156,337,983,1009]" count="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="generic">Two specimens</specimenCount>
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compare closely with spines of Siluriformes.
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<specimenCode id="DB879EFF421CFFD9FCC2FC45118C80FF" box="[878,981,983,1009]" collectionCode="SEN" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">SEN 093</specimenCode>
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(fig. 9I) is the base of a dorsal spine, characterized by a flared proximal end and a triangular cross section.
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<specimenCode id="DB879EFF421CFFD9FB26FC6E12C18735" collectionCode="SEN" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">SEN 096</specimenCode>
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(fig. 9J) is likely the middle portion of a pectoral spine, missing both the base and tip and subject to some crushing. It bears several triangular denticles along the presumed cranial bor- der of the bone
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E3684421CFFD9FD88FB5B115C87ED" blockId="22.[548,773,1225,1251]" box="[548,773,1225,1251]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Osteichthyes indet.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E3684421CFFD9FD8BFA9311588612" blockId="22.[551,769,1281,1308]" box="[551,769,1281,1308]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<heading id="D0D681E8421CFFD9FD8BFA9311588612" box="[551,769,1281,1308]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="7">
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A01421CFFD9FD8BFA9311588612" box="[551,769,1281,1308]" captionStart="FIGURE 9. 3" captionStartId="18.[108,194,1477,1498]" captionText="FIGURE 9. 3D surface reconstructions of microfossils discovered after acid preparation of the rock matrix from the Late Maastrichtian Cap de Naze Formation, unit 1a, at the locality North Quarry of Poponguine. A, Coprolite (SEN 099); B, fecal casts (peloids), likely invertebrate (SEN 100); C,?Scleractinia, encrusting coral fragment SEN (094); D, Elasmobranchii, dermal denticle, superficial view (SEN 090); E, Osteichthyes, partial vertebra, axial view (SEN 088); F, Osteichthyes, fragmentary cranial element (SEN 085); G, Osteichthyes, fragmentary?parasphenoid in ventral view (SEN 101); H,?Osteichthyes, indeterminate bone (SEN 084); I, Siluriformes, dorsal spine base, caudal view (SEN 093); J, Siluriformes, pectoral spine,?dorsal view (SEN 096); K, L, possible osteichthyan otoliths (SEN 097 and 098); M, aggregate sample of microfossils showing relative abundance of coprolites, spines, and vertebrate and invertebrate fragments (SEN 082). Scales = 1 mm except M, which is 5 mm." pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 9E–H, K–L</figureCitation>
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||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E3684421CFFD9FF30FAA8116B865D" blockId="22.[108,1214,1337,1737]" box="[156,818,1337,1364]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">REFERRED MATERIAL: SEN 084, 085, 088, 097, 098, 101.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B650F421CFFD9FF30FACD13F68690" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E3684421CFFD9FF30FACD13F68690" blockId="22.[108,1214,1337,1737]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">DESCRIPTION: Isolated sub-macroscopic osteichthyan elements and fragments, discovered as part of bioclastic matrix.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B650F421CFFD8FF30FA3B164E8150" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E3684421CFFD9FF30FA3B100D8500" blockId="22.[108,1214,1337,1737]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
DISCUSSION: SEN 088 (fig. 9E) is one of numerous fish vertebrae preserved in the sample. This element is just over
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B61421CFFD9FE3CFA5D138C86E7" box="[400,469,1487,1513]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, and preserves the centrum, notochordal canal, the base of the neural arch, and a ventral rib.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E3684421CFFD8FF30F988164A822F" blockId="22.[108,1214,1337,1737]" lastBlockId="23.[108,1214,225,513]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">In addition to fish vertebrae, there are several fragmentary elements that we refer to Osteichthyes based on their resemblance to fish cranial elements. SEN 085 (fig. 9F) is a flat, roughly square element, with oblique ridgelike processes extending from two corners. Two foramina enter the bone surface and communicate with an expanded chamber between bony laminae. This may represent a partial skull element or vertebra. SEN 101 (fig. 9G) is likely a partial parasphenoid, preserving part of the ventral keel and one anterolateral process. SEN 084 (fig. 9H) is an indeterminate bone fragment that may also be a fish cranial element.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E3684421DFFD8FF30FEBF13A5810F" blockId="23.[108,1214,225,513]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">We tentatively interpret two additional bones as otoliths. SEN 097 (fig. 9K) is tetrahedral overall, with a deep excavation between three of the vertices. A shallow groove runs along one side of the element. SEN 098 (fig. 9L) is rounded, with a groove that nearly encircles the entire element. On one side of this groove, the element is smooth and hemispherical. On the other side, an orthogonal sulcus and two shallower, oblique sulci separate the other half of the bone symmetrically into four tubercles.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E3684421DFFD8FEBFFDD6164E8150" blockId="23.[275,1047,580,607]" box="[275,1047,580,607]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
CROCODYLIFORMES
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B75421DFFD8FD9EFDD710F08150" author="Hay, O. P." box="[562,681,580,607]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref12107" refString="Hay, O. P. 1930. Second bibliography and catalogue of the fossil vertebrates of North America (vol. 2). Washington, D. C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication." type="book" year="1930">Hay, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B75421DFFD8FD52FDD7164E8150" author="Benton, M. J. & J. M. Clark" box="[766,1047,580,607]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="295 - 338" refId="ref11046" refString="Benton, M. J., and J. M. Clark. 1988. Archosaur phylogeny and the relationships of the Crocodylia. In M. J. Benton (editor), The phylogeny and classification of the tetrapods: 295 - 338. Oxford: Clarendon." type="book chapter" year="1988">Benton and Clark, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B650F421DFFD8FEECFDEE11B38198" box="[320,1002,636,662]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E3684421DFFD8FEECFDEE11B38198" blockId="23.[320,1002,636,662]" box="[320,1002,636,662]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
MESOEUCROCODYLIA
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B75421DFFD8FDDAFDEE11B38198" author="Whetstone, K. N. & P. J. Whybrow" box="[630,1002,636,662]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref13638" refString="Whetstone, K. N., and P. J. Whybrow. 1983. A " cursorial " crocodilian from the Triassic of Lesotho (Basutoland), southern Africa. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas 106: 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1983">Whetstone and Whybrow, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |