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<mods:title id="EB02DDDF423856C0BD4B7E4F0E419769">Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03F487F1FFA1FFBAFF22F95CAFBDFE56" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4437345" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176580334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4437345" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F487F1FFA1FFBAFF22F95CAFBDFE56" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F487F1FFA1FFBAFF22F95CAFBDFE56" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="246" pageId="28" pageNumber="244">
<subSubSection id="C347656CFFA1FFB8FF22F95CAF86F8FF" box="[151,463,1770,1797]" pageId="28" pageNumber="244" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE236E7FFA1FFB8FF22F95CAF86F8FF" blockId="28.[151,463,1770,1797]" box="[151,463,1770,1797]" pageId="28" pageNumber="244">
<heading id="D0AA818BFFA1FFB8FF22F95CAF86F8FF" bold="true" box="[151,463,1770,1797]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="244" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA1FFB8FF22F95CAF86F8FF" bold="true" box="[151,463,1770,1797]" pageId="28" pageNumber="244">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFA1FFB8FF22F95CAF29F8FF" ID-CoL="83Y9" ID-ENA="611398" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,352,1770,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tvetenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA1FFB8FF22F95CAEB6F8FE" bold="true" box="[151,255,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="244">Tvetenia</emphasis>
Kieffer
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13662A62FFA1FFB8FEDAF95DAF8EF8FF" box="[367,455,1770,1796]" captionStart="FIGURES 6671" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1796,1820]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,181,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-23@29.[177,1411,181,1772]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 6671. Synorthocladius: 66—head capsule, A—detail of mentum. Synorthocladius: 67—mandible (arrow indicates spine). Thienemanniella clavicornis-type: 68—head capsule. Tvetenia bavarica-type: 69—head capsule (arrow indicates seta submenti). Zalutschia mucronata-type: 70—head capsule, A—antenna, blade longer than flagellum. Zalutschia type B: 71—head capsule." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4396864" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4396864/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="244">Fig. 69</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C347656CFFA1FFB8FF22F884AB30F826" pageId="28" pageNumber="244" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE236E7FFA1FFB8FF22F884AB30F826" blockId="28.[151,1437,1842,2013]" pageId="28" pageNumber="244">
Head capsule yellow to light-brown, occipital margin pale or dark brown. Antenna 5-segmented, premandible with one apical blunt tooth. Apical tooth of mandible shorter than combined width of 3 inner teeth, mola usually with 23 spines, some species without spines. Mentum striped, with 1 or 2 median teeth and 5 pairs of lateral teeth. Ventromental plates narrow creating an appearance of dark bulge below last lateral tooth of mentum. Setae submenti arising either well below mentum (in
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFA1FFB8FD88F874ACF5F826" baseAuthorityName="Goetghebuer" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[573,700,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tvetenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bavarica">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA1FFB8FD88F874ACF5F826" box="[573,700,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="244">T. bavarica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group) or just below bases of mentum (
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFA1FFB8FBC9F874AB69F826" baseAuthorityName="Goetghebuer &amp; Thienemann" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1148,1312,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tvetenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discoloripes">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA1FFB8FBC9F874AB69F826" box="[1148,1312,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="244">T. discoloripes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF22666FFFA0FFB9FF22F8B3AF1AF873" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4396864" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4396864" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4396864/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="245" startId="29.[151,264,1796,1820]" targetBox="[177,1411,181,1767]" targetPageId="29">
<paragraph id="8BE236E7FFA0FFB9FF22F8B3AF1AF873" blockId="29.[151,1436,1796,1928]" pageId="29" pageNumber="245">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA0FFB9FF22F8B3AF11F8E7" bold="true" box="[151,344,1796,1820]" pageId="29" pageNumber="245">FIGURES 6671.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFA0FFB9FED4F8B3AC4FF8E7" authorityName="Thienemann" authorityYear="1935" box="[353,518,1796,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Synorthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA0FFB9FED4F8B3AC4FF8E7" box="[353,518,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="245">Synorthocladius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 66—head capsule, A—detail of mentum.
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFA0FFB9FC7BF8B3AA3AF8E7" authorityName="Thienemann" authorityYear="1935" box="[974,1139,1796,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Synorthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA0FFB9FC7BF8B3AA3AF8E7" box="[974,1139,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="245">Synorthocladius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 67—mandible (arrow indicates spine).
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA0FFB9FEA9F89FAC0FF8BB" box="[284,582,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="245">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFA0FFB9FEA9F89FAF8FF8BB" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1911" box="[284,454,1832,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Thienemanniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Thienemanniella</taxonomicName>
clavicornis-
</emphasis>
type: 68—head capsule.
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFA0FFB9FCF7F89EADB3F8BB" baseAuthorityName="Goetghebuer" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[834,1018,1832,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tvetenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bavarica">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA0FFB9FCF7F89EADB3F8BB" box="[834,1018,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="245">Tvetenia bavarica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-type: 69—head capsule (arrow indicates seta submenti).
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA0FFB9FE89F8FBAC6DF89F" box="[316,548,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="245">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFA0FFB9FE89F8FBAFEEF89F" authorityName="Lipina" authorityYear="1939" box="[316,423,1868,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Zalutschia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zalutschia</taxonomicName>
mucronata-
</emphasis>
type: 70—head capsule, A—antenna, blade longer than flagellum.
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFA0FFB9FB69F8FBAB0EF89F" authorityName="Lipina" authorityYear="1939" box="[1244,1351,1868,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Zalutschia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA0FFB9FB69F8FBAB0EF89F" box="[1244,1351,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="245">Zalutschia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
type B: 71—head capsule.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C347656CFFA0FFBAFF72F800AFBDFE56" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="246" pageId="29" pageNumber="245" type="discussion">
<subSubSection id="C347656CFFA0FFBAFF72F800AFA7FE9E" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="246" pageId="29" pageNumber="245" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE236E7FFA0FFBAFF72F800AB79FEE6" blockId="29.[151,1436,1975,2037]" lastBlockId="30.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="246" pageId="29" pageNumber="245">
Remarks:
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFA0FFB9FE8EF800AFD2F82B" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1922" box="[315,411,1975,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tvetenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA0FFB9FE8EF800AFD2F82B" box="[315,411,1975,2000]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="245">Tvetenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
closely resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFA0FFB9FDC6F800AD42F82A" authorityName="Thienemann" authorityYear="1926" box="[627,779,1975,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Eukiefferiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA0FFB9FDC6F800AD42F82A" box="[627,779,1975,2001]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="245">Eukiefferiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, some
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFA0FFB9FC78F800AA2CF82A" authorityName="Thienemann" authorityYear="1926" box="[973,1125,1975,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Eukiefferiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA0FFB9FC78F800AA2CF82A" box="[973,1125,1975,2001]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="245">Eukiefferiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54E68845FFA0FFB9FBD8F800AAE1F82A" box="[1133,1192,1975,2001]" pageId="29" pageNumber="245">types</typeStatus>
/species can be easily distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFA0FFB9FEC6F86CAF9AF80F" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1922" box="[371,467,2011,2036]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tvetenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA0FFB9FEC6F86CAF9AF80F" box="[371,467,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="245">Tvetenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
if they posses one of the following features: dark, heavily pigmented head (yellow in
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFA3FFBAFF22FF20AEBEFF4B" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,247,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tvetenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA3FFBAFF22FF20AEBEFF4B" box="[151,247,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="246">Tvetenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), very broad median mental tooth (e.i. ca 4x width of first lateral tooth, which is always less in
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFA3FFBAFA9EFF20ABC2FF4B" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1922" box="[1323,1419,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tvetenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA3FFBAFA9EFF20ABC2FF4B" box="[1323,1419,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="246">Tvetenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 4 lateral teeth (always
<quantity id="4CA59B02FFA3FFBAFE26FF0DAFF7FF2E" box="[403,446,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="30" pageNumber="246" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFA3FFBAFE70FF0CAC6CFF2F" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1922" box="[453,549,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tvetenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA3FFBAFE70FF0CAC6CFF2F" box="[453,549,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="246">Tvetenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFA3FFBAFD89FF0CAD4EFF2E" baseAuthorityName="Goetghebuer" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[572,775,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tvetenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bavarica">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA3FFBAFD89FF0CAD4EFF2E" box="[572,775,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="246">Tvetenia bavarica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-
<typeStatus id="54E68845FFA3FFBAFCBBFF0CAD09FF2E" box="[782,832,187,213]" pageId="30" pageNumber="246">type</typeStatus>
can be distinguished by the position of seta submenti, arising well below mentum while being close to the bases in
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFA3FFBAFC89FF68AD9DFF02" authorityName="Thienemann" authorityYear="1926" box="[828,980,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Eukiefferiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA3FFBAFC89FF68AD9DFF02" box="[828,980,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="246">Eukiefferiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Species with similar coloration of head, number of lateral teeth and position of seta submenti cannot be distinguished with certainty in subfossils.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE236E7FFA3FFBAFF72FE90AFA7FE9E" blockId="30.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="30" pageNumber="246">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D64FFA3FFBAFF72FE90ACCEFEBA" authority="(Goetghebuer, 1934)" baseAuthorityName="Goetghebuer" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[199,647,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tvetenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bavarica">
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA3FFBAFF72FE90AFDDFEBA" box="[199,404,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="246">Tvetenia bavarica</emphasis>
(Goetghebuer, 1934)
</taxonomicName>
is the only species recorded from the Tatra Mts. lakes (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B16FFA3FFBAFAB2FE90AE96FE9E" author="Bitusik, P. &amp; Svitok, M. &amp; Kolosta, P. &amp; Hubkova, M." pageId="30" pageNumber="246" pagination="191 - 201" refId="ref22960" refString="Bitusik, P., Svitok, M., Kolosta, P. &amp; Hubkova, M. (2006 a) Classification of the Tatra Mountains lakes (Slovakia) using chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae). Biologia, 61 (18), 191 - 201. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / s 11756 - 006 - 0131 - 8" type="journal article" year="2006">
Bitušík
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA3FFBAFAD7FE90ABDCFEBA" box="[1378,1429,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="246">et al</emphasis>
. 2006a
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B16FFA3FFBAFF5FFEFCAFABFE9E" author="Novikmec, M. &amp; Veselska, M. &amp; Bitusik, P. &amp; Hamerlik, L. &amp; Matusova, Z. &amp; Klementova, B. R. &amp; Svitok, M." box="[234,482,330,357]" pageId="30" pageNumber="246" pagination="1522" refId="ref25060" refString="Novikmec, M., Veselska, M., Bitusik, P., Hamerlik, L., Matusova, Z., Klementova, B. R. &amp; Svitok, M. (2015) Checklist of ben- thic macroinvertebrates of high altitude ponds of the Tatra Mountains (Central Europe) with new records of two species for Slovakia. Check List, 11 (1), 1522. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 11.1.1522" type="journal article" year="2015">
Novikmec
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA3FFBAFED3FEFCAFDEFE9E" box="[358,407,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="246">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C347656CFFA3FFBAFF72FED8AFBDFE56" pageId="30" pageNumber="246" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE236E7FFA3FFBAFF72FED8AFBDFE56" blockId="30.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="30" pageNumber="246">
Subfossil remains were rarely found in small number of investigated lakes. One morphotype was identified following
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B16FFA3FFBAFEBEFE24AFB9FE56" author="Brooks, S. J. &amp; Langdon, P. G. &amp; Heiri, O." box="[267,496,403,429]" pageId="30" pageNumber="246" refId="ref23398" refString="Brooks, S. J., Langdon, P. G. &amp; Heiri, O. (2007) The Identification and Use of Palaearctic Chironomidae Larvae in Palaeoecology. QRA Technical Guide No. 10. QRA, London, 276 pp." type="book" year="2007">
Brooks
<emphasis id="B929EAF5FFA3FFBAFED6FE24AFDDFE56" box="[355,404,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="246">et al</emphasis>
. (2007)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>