615 lines
81 KiB
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615 lines
81 KiB
XML
<document id="0561FDDE7930438ECA0B26F8910F0B1A" ID-CLB-Dataset="302217" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.270.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fcbb3686-6862-4a9d-8cec-084f1c80084c" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13662681" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725390463434" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Wengrat, Simone, Morales, Eduardo A., Wetzel, Carlos E., Almeida, Pryscilla D., Ector, Luc & Bicudo, Denise C." docDate="2016" docId="03F487C3FF9DFFB173D1CFB6FDE14816" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.270.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 270 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.270.3.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Fragilaria billingsii Wengrat, C. E. Wetzel & E. Morales 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="198" masterDocId="FFCDFFBBFF98FFB97359CA1DFFF7497B" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and ecology of Fragilaria billingsii sp. nov. and analysis of type material of Synedra rumpens var. fusa (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta) from Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="191" pageNumber="196" updateTime="1725414681130" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="7D4EDF5EB78C26CEFB9B607B68F199D6">Taxonomy and ecology of Fragilaria billingsii sp. nov. and analysis of type material of Synedra rumpens var. fusa (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta) from Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="65A361AA773660BA1AE3D9360A1504CE">Wengrat, Simone</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="08501C4D0A7C601CDFC32B53989FBD48">Instituto de Botânica, Department of Ecology, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, 04301 - 902, São Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="04C7A4016120E14A33030BC1D3C4019D">Morales, Eduardo A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="756F45C3A79A1D28A2B006ED24AE7743">Herbario Criptogámico, Universidad Católica Boliviana San Pablo, Calle M. Márquez esq. Plaza Jorge Trigo s / n, P. O. Box 5381, Cochabamba, Bolivia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8F18D9F27707F6A4DD5C59403B614545">Wetzel, Carlos E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6228D9D2C67B0AE58005EC1DC24264BA">Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research & Innovation (ERIN) Department, 41 rue du Brill, L- 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F5311AAD3ED5427B517C02E266A556D4">Almeida, Pryscilla D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CC876250ED528CFE1C85B6E13E16FA04">Instituto de Botânica, Department of Ecology, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, 04301 - 902, São Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="16D85C764CD0FB4CF269FDE5DD811A80">Ector, Luc</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="353589015E38C0A9932E06D490E60DF8">Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research & Innovation (ERIN) Department, 41 rue du Brill, L- 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F07B9D7A23095668A762B3633BE6B10C">Bicudo, Denise C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4FC3E4060A6387D38AFDB534EF0D1780">Instituto de Botânica, Department of Ecology, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, 04301 - 902, São Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="D4B6BAAC91E76DA50999675A71003296">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03F487C3FF9DFFB173D1CFB6FDE14816" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662639" ID-GBIF-Taxon="240263152" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13662639" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F487C3FF9DFFB173D1CFB6FDE14816" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F487C3FF9DFFB173D1CFB6FDE14816" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="198" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">
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<subSubSection id="C347655EFF9DFFBC73D1CFB6FDAA4EE2" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="D0AA81B9FF9DFFBC73D1CFB6FBEC4CBD" bold="true" box="[136,1051,1451,1478]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC73D1CFB6FBEC4CBD" bold="true" box="[136,1051,1451,1478]" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9DFFBC73D1CFB6FCE84CBD" authority="Wengrat, C.E. Wetzel & E. Morales" authorityName="Wengrat, C. E. Wetzel & E. Morales" authorityYear="2016" box="[136,799,1451,1478]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="billingsii" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC73D1CFB6FE9B4CBD" bold="true" box="[136,364,1451,1478]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Fragilaria billingsii</emphasis>
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Wengrat, C.E. Wetzel & E. Morales
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC7072CFB1FCB34CBD" bold="true" box="[811,836,1452,1478]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">sp</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC700BCFB1FC8B4CBD" bold="true" box="[850,892,1452,1478]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">nov</emphasis>
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.
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(
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<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC70C8CFB0FBE34CBD" box="[913,1044,1453,1478]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 22–34" captionStart-1="FIGURES 35–41" captionStartId-0="6.[136,243,1198,1219]" captionStartId-1="8.[136,243,1726,1747]" captionTargetBox-0="[239,1334,190,1165]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,389,1701]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@6.[239,1349,190,1173]" captionTargetId-1="figure-108@8.[151,1436,389,1701]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="FIGURES 22–34. Type material of Fragilaria billingsii. All pictures taken from the holotype population (SP401572). Light microscopy showing variation in size and valve outline. Scale bar = 10 μm." captionText-1="FIGURES 35–41. Type material of Fragilaria billingsii. All pictures taken from the paratype population (SP427907). Scanning electron micrographs. 35, 36. External view showing the striae, areolae, spine structure and mantle. 37, 39. External view of apical pore fields. 38, 40, 41. Internal view of areolae and rimoportula." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662693" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662697" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13662693/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13662697/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Figs 22–41</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BE236D5FF9DFFBC73D1CFE5FDAA4EE2" blockId="5.[136,1452,1528,2053]" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">
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Valves are long, narrow, lanceolate, gradually tapering toward the apices and with subcapitate ends (
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<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC770BCFE5FB344F76" box="[1106,1219,1528,1549]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–34" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1198,1219]" captionTargetBox="[239,1334,190,1165]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[239,1349,190,1173]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 22–34. Type material of Fragilaria billingsii. All pictures taken from the holotype population (SP401572). Light microscopy showing variation in size and valve outline. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662693" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662693/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Figs 22–34</figureCitation>
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). Length 54.0–76.0 μm, width 2.0–2.5 μm. The central valve margin is inflated on both sides of the valves. The axial area is lanceolate, with clear fascia at the valve center. Striae are distinct, parallel and alternate throughout the valve,
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<quantity id="4CA59B30FF9DFFBC7080CC5DFBD84F2E" box="[985,1071,1600,1621]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.699" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="4.318" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" unit="in" value="18.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="17.0">17–20 in</quantity>
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10 μm. Areolae not discernible in LM. Ribbon-like colonies were not observed. SEM: External SEM images show striae composed of round or apically elongated areolae (
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<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC739DCC95FEC04FE6" box="[196,311,1672,1693]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–41" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1726,1747]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,389,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-108@8.[151,1436,389,1701]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 35–41. Type material of Fragilaria billingsii. All pictures taken from the paratype population (SP427907). Scanning electron micrographs. 35, 36. External view showing the striae, areolae, spine structure and mantle. 37, 39. External view of apical pore fields. 38, 40, 41. Internal view of areolae and rimoportula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662697/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Figs 35–37</figureCitation>
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). Striae are interrupted by spines and continue to the mantle (
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<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC70F9CC95FC1D4FE6" box="[928,1002,1672,1693]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–41" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1726,1747]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,389,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-108@8.[151,1436,389,1701]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 35–41. Type material of Fragilaria billingsii. All pictures taken from the paratype population (SP427907). Scanning electron micrographs. 35, 36. External view showing the striae, areolae, spine structure and mantle. 37, 39. External view of apical pore fields. 38, 40, 41. Internal view of areolae and rimoportula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662697/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
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). Striae are parallel throughout the valve and composed of single areolae at the apices, increasing to up to five toward the valve center (
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<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC7769CCB1FB564FBA" box="[1072,1185,1708,1729]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–41" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1726,1747]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,389,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-108@8.[151,1436,389,1701]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 35–41. Type material of Fragilaria billingsii. All pictures taken from the paratype population (SP427907). Scanning electron micrographs. 35, 36. External view showing the striae, areolae, spine structure and mantle. 37, 39. External view of apical pore fields. 38, 40, 41. Internal view of areolae and rimoportula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662697/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Figs 35–37</figureCitation>
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). Costae are wider than the striae and are clearly raised at the middle of the valve and only slightly raised toward the apices (
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<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC772CCCCDFB114F9E" box="[1141,1254,1744,1765]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–41" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1726,1747]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,389,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-108@8.[151,1436,389,1701]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 35–41. Type material of Fragilaria billingsii. All pictures taken from the paratype population (SP427907). Scanning electron micrographs. 35, 36. External view showing the striae, areolae, spine structure and mantle. 37, 39. External view of apical pore fields. 38, 40, 41. Internal view of areolae and rimoportula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662697/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Figs 35–37</figureCitation>
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). Spines are angular to pyramidal with acute ends (
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<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC72B9CCE9FDA64E72" box="[480,593,1780,1801]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–41" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1726,1747]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,389,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-108@8.[151,1436,389,1701]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 35–41. Type material of Fragilaria billingsii. All pictures taken from the paratype population (SP427907). Scanning electron micrographs. 35, 36. External view showing the striae, areolae, spine structure and mantle. 37, 39. External view of apical pore fields. 38, 40, 41. Internal view of areolae and rimoportula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662697/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Figs 35–37</figureCitation>
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); two to five spines are found at the each apex (
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<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC7745CCE9FB7B4E72" box="[1052,1164,1780,1801]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–41" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1726,1747]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,389,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-108@8.[151,1436,389,1701]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 35–41. Type material of Fragilaria billingsii. All pictures taken from the paratype population (SP427907). Scanning electron micrographs. 35, 36. External view showing the striae, areolae, spine structure and mantle. 37, 39. External view of apical pore fields. 38, 40, 41. Internal view of areolae and rimoportula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662697/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Figs 37, 39</figureCitation>
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). Spines are present along the valve face margin (
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<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC7221CD05FE1D4E56" box="[376,490,1816,1837]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–41" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1726,1747]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,389,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-108@8.[151,1436,389,1701]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 35–41. Type material of Fragilaria billingsii. All pictures taken from the paratype population (SP427907). Scanning electron micrographs. 35, 36. External view showing the striae, areolae, spine structure and mantle. 37, 39. External view of apical pore fields. 38, 40, 41. Internal view of areolae and rimoportula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662697/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Figs 35, 36</figureCitation>
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). Well-developed apical pore fields of the ocellulimbus
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<typeStatus id="54E68877FF9DFFBC7750CD05FBC24E56" box="[1033,1077,1816,1837]" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">type</typeStatus>
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, with round poroids are present on the mantle at both valve ends (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC729CCD21FDC14E2A" box="[453,566,1852,1873]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–41" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1726,1747]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,389,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-108@8.[151,1436,389,1701]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 35–41. Type material of Fragilaria billingsii. All pictures taken from the paratype population (SP427907). Scanning electron micrographs. 35, 36. External view showing the striae, areolae, spine structure and mantle. 37, 39. External view of apical pore fields. 38, 40, 41. Internal view of areolae and rimoportula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662697/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Figs 37, 39</figureCitation>
|
||
). Plaques are present along the abvalvar margin of the mantle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC77C6CD21FB1F4E2A" box="[1183,1256,1852,1873]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–41" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1726,1747]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,389,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-108@8.[151,1436,389,1701]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 35–41. Type material of Fragilaria billingsii. All pictures taken from the paratype population (SP427907). Scanning electron micrographs. 35, 36. External view showing the striae, areolae, spine structure and mantle. 37, 39. External view of apical pore fields. 38, 40, 41. Internal view of areolae and rimoportula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662697/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
|
||
). Girdle bands open (not shown here). Internal SEM images show one rimoportula per valve, located on the axial area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC773ECD7DFB224E0E" box="[1127,1237,1888,1909]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–41" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1726,1747]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,389,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-108@8.[151,1436,389,1701]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 35–41. Type material of Fragilaria billingsii. All pictures taken from the paratype population (SP427907). Scanning electron micrographs. 35, 36. External view showing the striae, areolae, spine structure and mantle. 37, 39. External view of apical pore fields. 38, 40, 41. Internal view of areolae and rimoportula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662697/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Figs 40, 41</figureCitation>
|
||
). The abvalvar margin of the mantle thickened at the valve apices.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C347655EFF9DFFBC73D1CDB5FCB2417E" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236D5FF9DFFBC73D1CDB5FCB2417E" blockId="5.[136,1452,1528,2053]" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC73D1CDB5FF354EC6" bold="true" box="[136,194,1960,1981]" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Type:</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34A7645FF9DFFBC7382CDB5FEC34EC6" box="[219,308,1960,1981]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4999F837FF9DFFBC7265CDB5FE694EC6" box="[316,414,1960,1981]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Rio Grande Reservoir,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE695012FF9DFFBC71D9CDB5FCF44EC6" box="[640,771,1960,1981]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="46.124" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" precision="1" value="-23.768734">23° 46.124’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE695012FF9DFFBC7055CDB5FC614EC6" box="[780,918,1960,1981]" degrees="46" direction="west" minutes="31.792" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" precision="1" value="-46.529865">46° 31.792’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC70C7CDB5FC5D4EC6" box="[926,938,1960,1981]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC70ECCDB5FBC54EC6" box="[949,1074,1960,1981]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Wengrat & D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC7760CDB5FBBE4EC6" box="[1081,1097,1960,1981]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC770ACDB5FB604EC6" box="[1107,1175,1960,1981]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Bicudo</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC77FBCDB5FABD4EC6" box="[1186,1354,1960,1981]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">
|
||
<date id="FFE31015FF9DFFBC77FBCDB5FABD4EC6" box="[1186,1354,1960,1981]" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" value="2011-02-11">11 February 2011</date>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E68877FF9DFFBC760FCDB5FA5B4EC6" box="[1366,1452,1960,1981]" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
SP!, population on slide SP401572, illustrated here in LM as
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC7059CDD1FC9A4E9A" box="[768,877,1996,2017]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–34" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1198,1219]" captionTargetBox="[239,1334,190,1165]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[239,1349,190,1173]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 22–34. Type material of Fragilaria billingsii. All pictures taken from the holotype population (SP401572). Light microscopy showing variation in size and valve outline. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662693" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662693/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Figs 22–34</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E68877FF9DFFBC702CCDD1FC3E4E9A" box="[885,969,1996,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
SP! population on slide SP427907, illustrated here in SEM as
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC727ECDEDFE62417E" box="[295,405,2032,2053]" captionStart="FIGURES 35–41" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1726,1747]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,389,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-108@8.[151,1436,389,1701]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 35–41. Type material of Fragilaria billingsii. All pictures taken from the paratype population (SP427907). Scanning electron micrographs. 35, 36. External view showing the striae, areolae, spine structure and mantle. 37, 39. External view of apical pore fields. 38, 40, 41. Internal view of areolae and rimoportula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662697/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Figs 35–41</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E68877FF9DFFBC72C6CDEDFE11417E" box="[415,486,2032,2053]" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" type="isotype">Isotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4CAE10FF9DFFBC72B2CDEDFDE5417E" box="[491,530,2032,2053]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">BR</collectionCode>
|
||
!, population on slide BR-4429).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF22665DFF9EFFBF73D1CEB3FD104D9C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662693" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13662693" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662693/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" startId="6.[136,243,1198,1219]" targetBox="[239,1334,190,1165]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236D5FF9EFFBF73D1CEB3FD104D9C" blockId="6.[136,1452,1198,1255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF73D1CEB3FECC4DB8" bold="true" box="[136,315,1198,1219]" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">FIGURES 22–34.</emphasis>
|
||
Type material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9EFFBF72BFCEB3FD514DB8" authorityName="Wengrat, C. E. Wetzel & E. Morales" authorityYear="2016" box="[486,678,1198,1219]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="billingsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF72BFCEB3FD514DB8" box="[486,678,1198,1219]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">Fragilaria billingsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All pictures taken from the holotype population (SP401572). Light microscopy showing variation in size and valve outline. Scale bar = 10 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C347655EFF9EFFBF73D1CF0CFDE74C35" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236D5FF9EFFBF73D1CF0CFDE74C35" blockId="6.[136,1452,1297,2080]" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF73D1CF0CFEE44C51" bold="true" box="[136,275,1297,1322]" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
—The species is named after the Billings Reservoir, an important multipurpose water body for the Metropolitan Region of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4999F837FF9EFFBF72CECF28FDFC4C35" box="[407,523,1333,1358]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C347655EFF9EFFBF73E4CF44FCAD4F53" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236D5FF9EFFBF73E4CF44FCAD4F53" blockId="6.[136,1452,1297,2080]" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF73E4CF44FE104C09" bold="true" box="[189,487,1369,1394]" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">Distribution and ecology:</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9EFFBF715ACF44FD164C09" authorityName="Wengrat, C. E. Wetzel & E. Morales" authorityYear="2016" box="[515,737,1369,1394]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="billingsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF715ACF44FD164C09" box="[515,737,1369,1394]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">Fragilaria billingsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found in phytoplankton and periphyton from meso-eutrophic reservoirs with slightly acidic pH 6.2–6.4, low conductivity 45–64 μS
|
||
<superScript id="7C289B9DFF9EFFBF70FECF60FC214CF2" attach="left" box="[935,982,1403,1430]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">cm-1</superScript>
|
||
, high temperature 24–26 °C, and slightly enriched waters TP: 23.9–26.6 μg L-
|
||
<superScript id="7C289B9DFF9EFFBF7144CF82FDD34CD6" attach="right" box="[541,548,1439,1453]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">1</superScript>
|
||
, NT: 426–1459 μg L-
|
||
<superScript id="7C289B9DFF9EFFBF704DCF82FCEC4CD6" attach="left" box="[788,795,1439,1453]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">1</superScript>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6DF036EFF9EFFBF7070CFBCFC8C4CC1" box="[809,891,1441,1466]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,216,450,471]" captionText="TABLE 1. Ecological data from sampling sites of Fragilaria billingsii (mean values from water column), State of São Paulo, Brazil, habitat and the material number at the Herbarium of the Institute of Botany. SRS (soluble reactive silica). TN (total nitrogen). TP (total phosphorus)." pageId="6" pageNumber="197">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9EFFBF70CACFBCFB844CC1" authorityName="Wengrat, C. E. Wetzel & E. Morales" authorityYear="2016" box="[915,1139,1441,1466]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="billingsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF70CACFBCFB844CC1" box="[915,1139,1441,1466]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">Fragilaria billingsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurred in high abundance (9.5% to 37.4%) and was found associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9EFFBF71FCCFD8FEE64F79" authority="(Bily & Marvan 1959: 35) Lange-Bertalot (1999: 277)" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot" authorityPageNumber="277" authorityYear="1999" baseAuthorityName="Bily & Marvan" baseAuthorityPageNumber="35" baseAuthorityYear="1959" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="catenatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF71FCCFD8FC3A4CA5" box="[677,973,1477,1502]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">Achnanthidium catenatum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B24FF9EFFBF7082CFD8FB044CA5" author="Bily, J. & Marvan, P." box="[987,1267,1477,1502]" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" pagination="34 - 35" refId="ref5832" refString="Bily, J. & Marvan, P. (1959) Achnanthes catenata sp. n. Preslia 31: 34 - 35." type="journal article" year="1959">Bílý & Marvan 1959: 35</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B24FF9EFFBF765BCFD8FEE64F79" author="Lange-Bertalot, H." pageId="6" pageNumber="197" pagination="276 - 289" refId="ref6961" refString="Lange-Bertalot, H. (1999) Neue Kombinationen von Taxa aus Achnanthes Bory (sensu lato). Iconographia Diatomologica 9: 276 - 289." type="journal article" year="1999">Lange-Bertalot (1999: 277)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9EFFBF7246CFF4FD4E4F79" authority="Lange-Bertalot" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot" box="[287,697,1513,1538]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="aquaplus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF7246CFF4FDF14F79" box="[287,518,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">Fragilaria aquaplus</emphasis>
|
||
Lange-Bertalot
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B24FF9EFFBF71BBCFF4FB894F79" author="Lange-Bertalot, H. & Ulrich, S." box="[738,1150,1513,1538]" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref6988" refString="Lange-Bertalot, H. & Ulrich, S. (2014) Contributions to the taxonomy of needle-shaped Fragilaria and Ulnaria species. Lauterbornia 78: 1 - 73." type="journal article" year="2014">Lange-Bertalot & Ulrich (2014: 32)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9EFFBF77E3CFF4FA5B4F79" authorityName="Houk & Klee" authorityYear="2004" box="[1210,1452,1513,1538]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Discostella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="stelligera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF77E3CFF4FA5B4F79" box="[1210,1452,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">Discostella stelligera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cleve & Grunow in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B24FF9EFFBF722FCC12FDD54F53" author="Cleve, P. T." box="[374,546,1551,1576]" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref6121" refString="Cleve, P. T. (1881) On some new and little known diatoms. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 18: 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1881">Cleve 1881: 22</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B24FF9EFFBF7168CC12FCA14F53" author="Houk, V. & Klee, R." box="[561,854,1551,1576]" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" pagination="203 - 228" refId="ref6631" refString="Houk, V. & Klee, R. (2004) The stelligeroid taxa of the genus Cyclotella (Kutzing) Brebisson (Bacillariophyceae) and their transfer into the new genus Discostella gen. nov. Diatom Research 19: 203 - 228. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2004.9705871" type="journal article" year="2004">Houk & Klee (2004: 208)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C347655EFF9EFFB173E4CC2EFDE14816" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236D5FF9EFFBF73E4CC2EFDED415B" blockId="6.[136,1452,1297,2080]" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF73E4CC2EFEC34F37" bold="true" box="[189,308,1587,1612]" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9EFFBF7209CC2EFDC34F37" authorityName="Wengrat, C. E. Wetzel & E. Morales" authorityYear="2016" box="[336,564,1587,1612]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="billingsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF7209CC2EFDC34F37" box="[336,564,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">Fragilaria billingsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is quite similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9EFFBF704BCC2EFC944F37" authorityName="Wengrat, C. E. Wetzel & E. Morales" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Wengrat & Morales & Wetzel & Almeida & Ector & Bicudo" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[786,867,1587,1612]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="fusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF704BCC2EFCD44F37" box="[786,803,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF706DCC2EFC944F37" box="[820,867,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">fusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
especially by the long and narrow valves, and the inflated central area. However, they can be distinguished mainly based on the higher striae density (17.0–20.0 μm), narrower valves (2.0–2.5 μm), pyramidal shape of the spines, and less developed rimoportula of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9EFFBF77E2CC66FAC94FEF" authorityName="Wengrat, C. E. Wetzel & E. Morales" authorityYear="2016" box="[1211,1342,1659,1684]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="billingsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF77E2CC66FB3B4FEF" box="[1211,1228,1659,1684]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF7783CC66FAC94FEF" box="[1242,1342,1659,1684]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">billingsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The new species can also be misidentified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9EFFBF7140CC82FD884FC3" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot" authorityYear="1980" baseAuthorityName="W. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[537,639,1695,1720]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="tenera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF7140CC82FDDD4FC3" box="[537,554,1695,1720]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF716ECC82FD884FC3" box="[567,639,1695,1720]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">tenera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the latter has most frequently parallel margins or sometimes slightly inflated at the central area and spines have a sharp cone appearance (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6DF036EFF9EFFBF70CDCCDEFC1A4FA7" box="[916,1005,1731,1756]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[136,216,161,182]" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphological characterization of Fragilaria fusa and closely related species." pageId="6" pageNumber="197">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Although Smith’s original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9EFFBF73FECCFAFEF94E7B" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot" authorityYear="1980" baseAuthorityName="W. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[167,270,1767,1792]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="tenera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF73FECCFAFF4F4E7B" box="[167,184,1767,1792]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF739FCCFAFEF94E7B" box="[198,270,1767,1792]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">tenera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows higher striae density (24/10 μm),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9EFFBF7180CCFAFCB74E7B" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot" authorityYear="1980" baseAuthorityName="W. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[729,832,1767,1792]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="tenera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF7180CCFAFD1D4E7B" box="[729,746,1767,1792]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF71A1CCFAFCB74E7B" box="[760,832,1767,1792]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">tenera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was latter lectotypified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B24FF9EFFBF772BCCFAFF3B4E5F" author="Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H." pageId="6" pageNumber="197" refId="ref6812" refString="Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1991) Bacillariophyceae 3. Teil: Centrales, Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae. In: Ettl, H., Gerloff, J., Heynig, H. & Mollenhauer, D. (Eds.) Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa, Vol. 2. Gustav Fisher Verlag, Stuttgart, Jena, 576 pp." type="book" year="1991">Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 115, figs 1–2) and recently re-analyzed in more detail by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B24FF9EFFBF702CCD16FB2D4E5F" author="Lange-Bertalot, H. & Ulrich, S." box="[885,1242,1803,1828]" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref6988" refString="Lange-Bertalot, H. & Ulrich, S. (2014) Contributions to the taxonomy of needle-shaped Fragilaria and Ulnaria species. Lauterbornia 78: 1 - 73." type="journal article" year="2014">Lange-Bertalot & Ulrich (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B24FF9EFFBF7654CD16FF214E33" author="Almeida, P. D. & Morales, E. A. & Wetzel, C. E. & Ector, L. & Bicudo, D. C." pageId="6" pageNumber="197" pagination="163 - 183" refId="ref5538" refString="Almeida, P. D., Morales, E. A., Wetzel, C. E., Ector, L. & Bicudo, D. C. (2016) Two new diatoms in the genus Fragilaria Lyngbye (Fragilariophyceae) from tropical reservoirs in Brazil and comparison with type material of F. tenera. Phytotaxa 246 (3): 163 - 183. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 246.3.1" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Almeida
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF762DCD16FA524E5F" box="[1396,1445,1803,1828]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2016)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. According to the last reference, specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9EFFBF7180CD32FCC84E33" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot" authorityYear="1980" baseAuthorityName="W. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[729,831,1839,1864]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="tenera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF7180CD32FD1D4E33" box="[729,746,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF71AECD32FCC84E33" box="[759,831,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">tenera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were abundant in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E68877FF9EFFBF776ACD32FB6D4E33" box="[1075,1178,1839,1864]" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
material, which allowed to provide more detailed measures. Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9EFFBF71E9CD4EFCC44E17" authorityName="Wengrat, C. E. Wetzel & E. Morales" authorityYear="2016" box="[688,819,1875,1900]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="billingsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF71E9CD4EFD364E17" box="[688,705,1875,1900]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF7196CD4EFCC44E17" box="[719,819,1875,1900]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">billingsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9EFFBF709ECD4EFBD04E17" authorityName="A.Tuji & D.M.Williams" authorityYear="2008" box="[967,1063,1875,1900]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF709ECD4EFC2F4E17" box="[967,984,1875,1900]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF70BFCD4EFBD04E17" box="[998,1063,1875,1900]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9EFFBF7707CD4EFAE54E17" box="[1118,1298,1875,1900]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="pararumpens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF7707CD4EFB984E17" box="[1118,1135,1875,1900]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF7724CD4EFAE54E17" box="[1149,1298,1875,1900]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">pararumpens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mainly by its subcapitate valve ends and longer valves (72.0–86.0 μm), while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9EFFBF7002CD6AFC4C4EEB" authorityName="A.Tuji & D.M.Williams" authorityYear="2008" box="[859,955,1911,1936]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF7002CD6AFC9B4EEB" box="[859,876,1911,1936]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF7023CD6AFC4C4EEB" box="[890,955,1911,1936]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9EFFBF70ABCD6AFB504EEB" box="[1010,1191,1911,1936]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="pararumpens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF70ABCD6AFBF44EEB" box="[1010,1027,1911,1936]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF774BCD6AFB504EEB" box="[1042,1191,1911,1936]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">pararumpens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have capitate ends and shorter valves (33.0–41.5 μm and 25.0–50.0 μm, respectively) (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6DF036EFF9EFFBF7000CD86FC454ECF" box="[857,946,1947,1972]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[136,216,161,182]" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphological characterization of Fragilaria fusa and closely related species." pageId="6" pageNumber="197">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9EFFBF709ECD86FB5D4ECF" authorityName="Wengrat, C. E. Wetzel & E. Morales" authorityYear="2016" box="[967,1194,1947,1972]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="billingsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF709ECD86FB5D4ECF" box="[967,1194,1947,1972]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">Fragilaria billingsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to the needle-shaped
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9EFFBF7387CDA2FEA34EA3" authorityName="Lyngbye" authorityYear="1819" box="[222,340,1983,2008]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF7387CDA2FEA34EA3" box="[222,340,1983,2008]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">Fragilaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9EFFBF7147CDA2FB104EA3" authority="P. D. Almeida, E. Morales & C. E. Wetzel" authorityName="P. D. Almeida, E. Morales & C. E. Wetzel" authorityYear="2016" box="[542,1255,1983,2008]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="neotropica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF7147CDA2FCE34EA3" box="[542,788,1983,2008]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">Fragilaria neotropica</emphasis>
|
||
P.D. Almeida, E. Morales & C.E. Wetzel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B24FF9EFFBF7652CDA2FEF14E87" author="Almeida, P. D. & Morales, E. A. & Wetzel, C. E. & Ector, L. & Bicudo, D. C." pageId="6" pageNumber="197" pagination="163 - 183" refId="ref5538" refString="Almeida, P. D., Morales, E. A., Wetzel, C. E., Ector, L. & Bicudo, D. C. (2016) Two new diatoms in the genus Fragilaria Lyngbye (Fragilariophyceae) from tropical reservoirs in Brazil and comparison with type material of F. tenera. Phytotaxa 246 (3): 163 - 183. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 246.3.1" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Almeida
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF762ACDA2FA524EA3" box="[1395,1445,1983,2008]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2016: 171
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs 23–53), illustrated as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9EFFBF7166CDFEFD294E87" box="[575,734,2019,2044]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9EFFBF7166CDFEFD424E87" box="[575,693,2019,2044]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">Fragilaria</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B24FF9EFFBF7053CDFEFB9E4E87" author="Almeida, P. D. & Bicudo, D. C." box="[778,1129,2019,2044]" pageId="6" pageNumber="197" pagination="187 - 207" refId="ref5477" refString="Almeida, P. D. & Bicudo, D. C. (2014) Diatomaceas planctonicas e de sedimento superficial em represas de abastecimento da Regiao Metropolitana de Sao Paulo, SP, Sudeste do Brasil. Hoehnea 41: 187 - 207. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 2236 - 89062014000200004" type="journal article" year="2014">Almeida & Bicudo (2014: 194</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs 17–19) and commonly found in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4999F837FF9EFFBF73B4C21AFE6A415B" box="[237,413,2055,2080]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="197">São Paulo State</collectingRegion>
|
||
reservoirs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF22665DFF9FFFBE73D1CABCFC1449CD" box="[136,995,161,182]" pageId="7" pageNumber="198" startId="7.[136,216,161,182]" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236D5FF9FFFBE73D1CABCFC1449CD" blockId="7.[136,995,161,182]" box="[136,995,161,182]" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9FFFBE73D1CABCFF0749CD" bold="true" box="[136,240,161,182]" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphological characterization of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9FFFBE711DCABCFD2049CD" authorityName="Wengrat, C. E. Wetzel & E. Morales" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Wengrat & Morales & Wetzel & Almeida & Ector & Bicudo" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[580,727,161,182]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="198" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="fusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9FFFBE711DCABCFD2049CD" box="[580,727,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Fragilaria fusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and closely related species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236D5FF9FFFBE7237CAD0FAB14E16" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<table id="F95DC475FF9F004673CECAD0FA6C4E16" box="[151,1435,205,1901]" gridcols="7" gridrows="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<tr id="356D3497FF9F004673CECAD0FA6C4999" box="[151,1435,205,226]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="198" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467237CAD0FDF94999" box="[366,526,205,226]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9FFFBE7237CAD0FE294999" authorityName="Wengrat, C. E. Wetzel & E. Morales" authorityYear="2016" box="[366,478,205,226]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="198" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="billingsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9FFFBE7237CAD0FE8A4999" box="[366,381,205,226]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9FFFBE72D0CAD0FE294999" box="[393,478,205,226]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">billingsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467169CAD0FD294999" box="[560,734,205,226]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9FFFBE7169CAD0FD844999" authorityName="Wengrat, C. E. Wetzel & E. Morales" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Wengrat & Morales & Wetzel & Almeida & Ector & Bicudo" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[560,627,205,226]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="198" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="fusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9FFFBE7169CAD0FDC84999" box="[560,575,205,226]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9FFFBE7112CAD0FD844999" box="[587,627,205,226]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">fusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76BC5DEBFF9F004671A4CAD0FC6F4999" box="[765,920,205,226]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9FFFBE71A4CAD0FC6F4999" box="[765,920,205,226]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="198" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="pararumpens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9FFFBE71A4CAD0FCFB4999" box="[765,780,205,226]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9FFFBE7041CAD0FC6F4999" box="[792,920,205,226]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">pararumpens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76BC5DEBFF9F004670E3CAD0FBD64999" box="[954,1057,205,226]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9FFFBE70E3CAD0FBFB4999" authorityName="A.Tuji & D.M.Williams" authorityYear="2008" box="[954,1036,205,226]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="198" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9FFFBE70E3CAD0FC3E4999" box="[954,969,205,226]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9FFFBE708DCAD0FBFB4999" box="[980,1036,205,226]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467717CAD0FB144999" box="[1102,1251,205,226]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9FFFBE7717CAD0FB4C4999" authorityName="G. W. F. Carlson" baseAuthorityName="Kutzing" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[1102,1211,205,226]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="198" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="rumpens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9FFFBE7717CAD0FBAA4999" box="[1102,1117,205,226]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9FFFBE7731CAD0FB4C4999" box="[1128,1211,205,226]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">rumpens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76BC5DEBFF9F0046765FCAD0FA6C4999" box="[1286,1435,205,226]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9FFFBE765FCAD0FAA94999" authority="Length" authorityName="Length" box="[1286,1374,205,226]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="198" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="tenera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9FFFBE765FCAD0FAE24999" box="[1286,1301,205,226]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9FFFBE7678CAD0FAA94999" box="[1313,1374,205,226]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">tenera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D3497FF9F004673CECAE6FA6C486B" box="[151,1435,251,272]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<th id="76BC5DEBFF9F004673CECAE6FEB4486B" box="[151,323,251,272]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Length (μm)</th>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467237CAE6FDF9486B" box="[366,526,251,272]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">54–76</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467169CAE6FD29486B" box="[560,734,251,272]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">29–97</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F004671A4CAE6FC6F486B" box="[765,920,251,272]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">25–50</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F004670E3CAE6FBD6486B" box="[954,1057,251,272]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">33.0–41.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467717CAE6FB14486B" box="[1102,1251,251,272]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">25–63</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F0046765FCAE6FA6C486B" box="[1286,1435,251,272]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">60–120</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D3497FF9F004673CECB37FA6C4844" box="[151,1435,298,319]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<th id="76BC5DEBFF9F004673CECB37FEB44844" box="[151,323,298,319]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Width (μm)</th>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467237CB37FDF94844" box="[366,526,298,319]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">2.0–2.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467169CB37FD294844" box="[560,734,298,319]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">2.5–3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F004671A4CB37FC6F4844" box="[765,920,298,319]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">2.5–3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F004670E3CB37FBD64844" box="[954,1057,298,319]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">2.2–3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467717CB37FB144844" box="[1102,1251,298,319]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">3.0–4.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F0046765FCB37FA6C4844" box="[1286,1435,298,319]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">1.8–2.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D3497FF9F004673CECB44FA6C48E9" box="[151,1435,345,402]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<th id="76BC5DEBFF9F004673CECB44FEB448E9" box="[151,323,345,402]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Striae in 10 μm (middle)</th>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467237CB44FDF948E9" box="[366,526,345,402]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">17–20</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467169CB44FD2948E9" box="[560,734,345,402]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">15–16</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F004671A4CB44FC6F48E9" box="[765,920,345,402]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">16–18</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F004670E3CB44FBD648E9" box="[954,1057,345,402]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">18–20</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467717CB44FB1448E9" box="[1102,1251,345,402]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">18–20</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F0046765FCB44FA6C48E9" box="[1286,1435,345,402]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">18–20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D3497FF9F004673CECBB1FA6C48BA" box="[151,1435,428,449]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<th id="76BC5DEBFF9F004673CECBB1FEB448BA" box="[151,323,428,449]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">L/W ratio</th>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467237CBB1FDF948BA" box="[366,526,428,449]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">27–39</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467169CBB1FD2948BA" box="[560,734,428,449]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">11.6–42.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F004671A4CBB1FC6F48BA" box="[765,920,428,449]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">10.0–16.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F004670E3CBB1FBD648BA" box="[954,1057,428,449]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">13.8–15.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467717CBB1FB1448BA" box="[1102,1251,428,449]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">8.3–15.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F0046765FCBB1FA6C48BA" box="[1286,1435,428,449]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">33–48</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D3497FF9F004673CECBC6FA6C488B" box="[151,1435,475,496]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<th id="76BC5DEBFF9F004673CECBC6FEB4488B" box="[151,323,475,496]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Valve end shape</th>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467237CBC6FDF9488B" box="[366,526,475,496]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Subcapitate</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467169CBC6FD29488B" box="[560,734,475,496]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Subcapitate</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F004671A4CBC6FC6F488B" box="[765,920,475,496]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Capitate</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F004670E3CBC6FBD6488B" box="[954,1057,475,496]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Capitate</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467717CBC6FB14488B" box="[1102,1251,475,496]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Rostrate</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F0046765FCBC6FA6C488B" box="[1286,1435,475,496]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Subcapitate</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D3497FF9F004673CEC817FA6C4BF0" box="[151,1435,522,651]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<th id="76BC5DEBFF9F004673CEC817FEB44BF0" box="[151,323,522,651]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Central area</th>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467237C817FDF94BF0" box="[366,526,522,651]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Bilaterally gibbous</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467169C817FD294BF0" box="[560,734,522,651]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Bilaterally gibbous</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F004671A4C817FC6F4BF0" box="[765,920,522,651]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Bilaterally gibbous</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F004670E3C817FBD64BF0" box="[954,1057,522,651]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Bilaterally gibbous</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467717C817FB144BF0" box="[1102,1251,522,651]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Unilaterally or bilaterally gibbous</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F0046765FC817FA6C4BF0" box="[1286,1435,522,651]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Parallel, sometimes slightly inflated</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D3497FF9F004673CEC8B8FA6C4A79" box="[151,1435,677,770]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<th id="76BC5DEBFF9F004673CEC8B8FEB44A79" box="[151,323,677,770]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Areolae</th>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467237C8B8FDF94A79" box="[366,526,677,770]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Rounded to elongated</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467169C8B8FD294A79" box="[560,734,677,770]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Apically rounded, elongated toward valve middle</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F004671A4C8B8FC6F4A79" box="[765,920,677,770]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Rounded</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F004670E3C8B8FBD64A79" box="[954,1057,677,770]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467717C8B8FB144A79" box="[1102,1251,677,770]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Rounded</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F0046765FC8B8FA6C4A79" box="[1286,1435,677,770]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Rounded to elongated</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D3497FF9F004673CEC901FA6C4AE6" box="[151,1435,796,925]" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<th id="76BC5DEBFF9F004673CEC901FEB44AE6" box="[151,323,796,925]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Spine shape</th>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467237C901FDF94AE6" box="[366,526,796,925]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Angular to pyramidal</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467169C901FD294AE6" box="[560,734,796,925]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Sharp cones</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F004671A4C901FC6F4AE6" box="[765,920,796,925]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F004670E3C901FBD64AE6" box="[954,1057,796,925]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467717C901FB144AE6" box="[1102,1251,796,925]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Irregular, often deformed and rectangular at central area</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F0046765FC901FA6C4AE6" box="[1286,1435,796,925]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Sharp cones</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D3497FF9F004673CEC9ABFA6C4A94" box="[151,1435,950,1007]" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<th id="76BC5DEBFF9F004673CEC9ABFEB44A94" box="[151,323,950,1007]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Apical spines</th>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467237C9ABFDF94A94" box="[366,526,950,1007]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Two to five, well-developed</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467169C9ABFD294A94" box="[560,734,950,1007]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Absent or little developed</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F004671A4C9ABFC6F4A94" box="[765,920,950,1007]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F004670E3C9ABFBD64A94" box="[954,1057,950,1007]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467717C9ABFB144A94" box="[1102,1251,950,1007]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Small and triangular</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F0046765FC9ABFA6C4A94" box="[1286,1435,950,1007]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Well- developed</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D3497FF9F004673CECE14FA6C4D1D" box="[151,1435,1033,1126]" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<th id="76BC5DEBFF9F004673CECE14FEB44D1D" box="[151,323,1033,1126]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Spine location</th>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467237CE14FDF94D1D" box="[366,526,1033,1126]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">At the valve face/mantle junction</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467169CE14FD294D1D" box="[560,734,1033,1126]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">At the valve face/ mantle junction</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F004671A4CE14FC6F4D1D" box="[765,920,1033,1126]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F004670E3CE14FBD64D1D" box="[954,1057,1033,1126]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467717CE14FB144D1D" box="[1102,1251,1033,1126]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Costae</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F0046765FCE14FA6C4D1D" box="[1286,1435,1033,1126]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">At the valve face/mantle junction</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D3497FF9F004673CECE9DFA6C4DA6" box="[151,1435,1152,1245]" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<th id="76BC5DEBFF9F004673CECE9DFEB44DA6" box="[151,323,1152,1245]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Rimoportula</th>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467237CE9DFDF94DA6" box="[366,526,1152,1245]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Less developed</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467169CE9DFD294DA6" box="[560,734,1152,1245]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Well-developed and heavily silicified</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F004671A4CE9DFC6F4DA6" box="[765,920,1152,1245]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F004670E3CE9DFBD64DA6" box="[954,1057,1152,1245]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467717CE9DFB144DA6" box="[1102,1251,1152,1245]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Less developed</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F0046765FCE9DFA6C4DA6" box="[1286,1435,1152,1245]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Less developed</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D3497FF9F004673CECEEAFA6C4C03" box="[151,1435,1271,1400]" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<th id="76BC5DEBFF9F004673CECEEAFEB44C03" box="[151,323,1271,1400]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Pore fields</th>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467237CEEAFDF94C03" box="[366,526,1271,1400]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Well-developed, ocellulimbus type</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467169CEEAFD294C03" box="[560,734,1271,1400]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Well-developed, ocellulimbus type</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F004671A4CEEAFC6F4C03" box="[765,920,1271,1400]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F004670E3CEEAFBD64C03" box="[954,1057,1271,1400]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467717CEEAFB144C03" box="[1102,1251,1271,1400]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Well- developed, ocellulimbus type</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F0046765FCEEAFA6C4C03" box="[1286,1435,1271,1400]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Well- developed, ocellulimbus type</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D3497FF9F004673CECF8FFA6C4F4C" box="[151,1435,1426,1591]" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<th id="76BC5DEBFF9F004673CECF8FFEB44F4C" box="[151,323,1426,1591]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Abvalvar side</th>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467237CF8FFDF94F4C" box="[366,526,1426,1591]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Thickened at the valve apices</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467169CF8FFD294F4C" box="[560,734,1426,1591]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Thickened at the valve apices</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F004671A4CF8FFC6F4F4C" box="[765,920,1426,1591]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F004670E3CF8FFBD64F4C" box="[954,1057,1426,1591]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467717CF8FFB144F4C" box="[1102,1251,1426,1591]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Side of mantle of same thickness as rest of the mantle</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F0046765FCF8FFA6C4F4C" box="[1286,1435,1426,1591]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Thickened at the valve apices</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D3497FF9F004673CECC4CFA6C4FD5" box="[151,1435,1617,1710]" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<th id="76BC5DEBFF9F004673CECC4CFEB44FD5" box="[151,323,1617,1710]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Colony formation</th>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467237CC4CFDF94FD5" box="[366,526,1617,1710]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Not observed</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467169CC4CFD294FD5" box="[560,734,1617,1710]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Connected by entire valve face</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F004671A4CC4CFC6F4FD5" box="[765,920,1617,1710]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F004670E3CC4CFBD64FD5" box="[954,1057,1617,1710]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Connected by entire valve face</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467717CC4CFB144FD5" box="[1102,1251,1617,1710]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Ribbon-like</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F0046765FCC4CFA6C4FD5" box="[1286,1435,1617,1710]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">At most loose aggregates</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356D3497FF9F004673CECCD5FA6C4E16" box="[151,1435,1736,1901]" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<th id="76BC5DEBFF9F004673CECCD5FEB44E16" box="[151,323,1736,1901]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Reference</th>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467237CCD5FDF94E16" box="[366,526,1736,1901]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">This paper</td>
|
||
<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467169CCD5FD294E16" box="[560,734,1736,1901]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B24FF9FFFBE7169CCD5FD4B4FA6" author="Patrick, R." box="[560,700,1736,1757]" pageId="7" pageNumber="198" pagination="191 - 227" refId="ref7703" refString="Patrick, R. (1940) Diatoms of Northeastern Brazil. Part I. - Coscinodiscaceae, Fragilariaceae and Eunotiaceae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 92: 191 - 227." type="journal article" year="1940">Patrick (1940)</bibRefCitation>
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, this paper
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</td>
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<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F004671A4CCD5FC6F4E16" box="[765,920,1736,1901]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B24FF9FFFBE71A4CCD5FCCB4E7A" author="Hofmann, G. & Werum, M. & Lange-Bertalot, H." pageId="7" pageNumber="198" refId="ref6574" refString="Hofmann, G., Werum, M. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (2011) Diatomeen im Susswasser-Benthos von Mitteleuropa. Bestimmungsflora Kieselalgen fur die okologische Praxis. Uber 700 der haufigsten Arten und ihre Okologie. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. G., Rugell, 908 pp." type="book" year="2011">
|
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Hofmann
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<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9FFFBE7007CCD5FC7F4FA6" box="[862,904,1736,1757]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">et al</emphasis>
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. (2011)
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</td>
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<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F004670E3CCD5FBD64E16" box="[954,1057,1736,1901]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B24FF9FFFBE70E3CCD5FC0D4E5E" author="Tuji, A. & Williams, D. M." pageId="7" pageNumber="198" pagination="25 - 29" refId="ref8348" refString="Tuji, A. & Williams, D. M. (2008) Typification and type examination of Synedra familiaris Kutz. and related taxa. Diatom 14: 25 - 29." type="journal article" year="2008">Tuji & Williams (2008)</bibRefCitation>
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</td>
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<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F00467717CCD5FB144E16" box="[1102,1251,1736,1901]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B24FF9FFFBE7717CCD5FB6E4E5E" author="Tuji, A. & Williams, D. M." pageId="7" pageNumber="198" pagination="99 - 103" refId="ref8231" refString="Tuji, A. & Williams, D. M. (2006 a) Examination of the type material of Synedra rumpens = Fragilaria rumpens, Bacillariophyceae. Phycological Research 54: 99 - 103. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 1835.2006.00414. x" type="journal article" year="2006">Tuji & Williams (2006a)</bibRefCitation>
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</td>
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<td id="76BC5DEBFF9F0046765FCCD5FA6C4E16" box="[1286,1435,1736,1901]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B24FF9FFFBE765FCCD5FABF4E5E" author="Lange-Bertalot, H. & Ulrich, S." pageId="7" pageNumber="198" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref6988" refString="Lange-Bertalot, H. & Ulrich, S. (2014) Contributions to the taxonomy of needle-shaped Fragilaria and Ulnaria species. Lauterbornia 78: 1 - 73." type="journal article" year="2014">Lange-Bertalot & Ulrich (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B24FF9FFFBE765FCD29FAB14E16" author="Almeida, P. D. & Morales, E. A. & Wetzel, C. E. & Ector, L. & Bicudo, D. C." pageId="7" pageNumber="198" pagination="163 - 183" refId="ref5538" refString="Almeida, P. D., Morales, E. A., Wetzel, C. E., Ector, L. & Bicudo, D. C. (2016) Two new diatoms in the genus Fragilaria Lyngbye (Fragilariophyceae) from tropical reservoirs in Brazil and comparison with type material of F. tenera. Phytotaxa 246 (3): 163 - 183. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 246.3.1" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Almeida
|
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<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9FFFBE7606CD29FA7E4E32" box="[1375,1417,1844,1865]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">et al</emphasis>
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. (2016)
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</bibRefCitation>
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</td>
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</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236D5FF9FFFB173E4CDBFFDE14816" blockId="7.[136,1452,1954,2087]" lastBlockId="8.[136,1452,160,365]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">
|
||
Concerning the ecological preferences, several new species have been described from oligotrophic and clear waters from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34A7645FF9FFFBE724ECDDBFEAC4EA4" box="[279,347,1990,2015]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9FFFBE7235CDDBFE8F4EA4" box="[364,376,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">e</emphasis>
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||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9FFFBE7226CDDBFE7A4EA4" box="[383,397,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">g</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B24FF9FFFBE72C5CDDBFCEF4EA4" author="Metzeltin, D. & Lange-Bertalot, H." box="[412,792,1990,2015]" pageId="7" pageNumber="198" pagination="1 - 876" refId="ref7131" refString="Metzeltin, D. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (2007) Tropical diatoms of South America II. Special remarks on biogeographic disjunction. Iconographia Diatomologica 18: 1 - 876." type="journal article" year="2007">Metzeltin & Lange-Bertalot 2007</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B24FF9FFFBE707ACDDBFBFB4EA4" author="Tremarin, P. I. & Straube, A. & Ludwig, T. A. V." box="[803,1036,1990,2015]" pageId="7" pageNumber="198" pagination="77 - 93" refId="ref8126" refString="Tremarin, P. I., Straube, A. & Ludwig, T. A. V. (2015) Nupela (Bacillariophyceae) in littoral rivers from south Brazil, and description of six new species of the genus. Fottea 15: 77 - 93. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5507 / fot. 2015.007" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Tremarin
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9FFFBE70C8CDDBFC344EA4" box="[913,963,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B24FF9FFFBE774FCDDBFB0D4EA4" author="Almeida, P. D. & Morales, E. A. & Wetzel, C. E. & Ector, L. & Bicudo, D. C." box="[1046,1274,1990,2015]" pageId="7" pageNumber="198" pagination="163 - 183" refId="ref5538" refString="Almeida, P. D., Morales, E. A., Wetzel, C. E., Ector, L. & Bicudo, D. C. (2016) Two new diatoms in the genus Fragilaria Lyngbye (Fragilariophyceae) from tropical reservoirs in Brazil and comparison with type material of F. tenera. Phytotaxa 246 (3): 163 - 183. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 246.3.1" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Almeida
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9FFFBE7727CDDBFB474EA4" box="[1150,1200,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and just a few from eutrophic environments (
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9FFFBE7286CDF7FE1C4178" box="[479,491,2026,2051]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">e</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9FFFBE72AACDF7FDF64178" box="[499,513,2026,2051]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">g</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B24FF9FFFBE7157CDF7FCF74178" author="Wetzel, C. E. & Ector, L." box="[526,768,2026,2051]" pageId="7" pageNumber="198" pagination="201 - 210" refId="ref8467" refString="Wetzel, C. E. & Ector, L. (2014) Taxonomy, distribution and autecology of Planothidium bagualensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta) a common monoraphid species from southern Brazilian rivers. Phytotaxa 156 (4): 201 - 210. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 156.4.2" type="journal article" year="2014">Wetzel & Ector 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The present work reports a new taxon found as abundant in a well-known and multipurpose reservoir from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4999F837FF9FFFBE71CEC213FCFF415C" box="[663,776,2062,2087]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9FFFBE7041C213FCD3415C" box="[792,804,2062,2087]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">e</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9FFFBE7072C213FCCE415C" box="[811,825,2062,2087]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="198">g</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B24FF9FFFBE701EC213FBA3415C" author="Beyruth, Z. & Pereira, H. A. S. L." box="[839,1108,2062,2087]" pageId="7" pageNumber="198" pagination="111 - 123" refId="ref5784" refString="Beyruth, Z. & Pereira, H. A. S. L. (2002) The isolation of Rio Grande from Billings Reservoir, Sao Paulo, Brazil: effects on the phytoplankton. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca 28: 111 - 123." type="journal article" year="2002">Beyruth & Pereira 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B24FF9FFFBE7706C213FA53415C" author="Capobianco, J. P. R. & Wathely, M." box="[1119,1444,2062,2087]" pageId="7" pageNumber="198" refId="ref5917" refString="Capobianco, J. P. R. & Wathely, M. (2002) Billings 2000: Ameacas e perspectivas para o maior reservatorio de agua da Regiao Metropolitana de Sao Paulo - Relatorio do diagnostico socioambiental participativo da bacia hidrografica da Billings no periodo de 1989 - 99. Instituto Socioambiental - ISA, Sao Paulo, 59 pp." type="book" year="2002">Capobianco & Wathely 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in meso-eutrophic sites induced by algaecide addition (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B24FF90FFB171AFCABDFBE749C2" author="Wengrat, S. & Bicudo, D. C." box="[758,1040,160,185]" pageId="8" pageNumber="199" pagination="200 - 216" refId="ref8410" refString="Wengrat, S. & Bicudo, D. C. (2011) Spatial evaluation of water quality in an urban reservoir (Billings Complex, southeastern Brazil). Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 23: 200 - 216. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 2179 - 975 X 2011000200010" type="journal article" year="2011">Wengrat & Bicudo 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The new species was also found in other eutrophic reservoir (Jundiaí) from the Upper Tietê River Basin in periphyton and phytoplankton. Therefore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF90FFB176CACAD9FF1B487A" authorityName="Wengrat, C. E. Wetzel & E. Morales" authorityYear="2016" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="8" pageNumber="199" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="billingsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF90FFB176CACAD9FA5349A6" box="[1427,1444,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="199">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF90FFB173D1CAF5FF1B487A" box="[136,236,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="199">billingsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found living in slightly acidic waters with moderate to high nutrient enrichment. This finding suggests that greater efforts could yield additional taxa new to science, thus increasing our knowledge of diatom diversity in South America and tropical regions. Besides, the associated ecological information would improve the potential use of the species in bioindication studies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |