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<mods:title id="BD45F94526D1ADE0105E04FA061CED8D">Notes on the Eneopterinae (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Gryllidae) from eastern Sabah</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="51513B3070DAEF75EA9139D056E40CA3">Japir, Razy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E1155EB359EBB46B29A03EF0D36B45CB">Forest Research Centre (Sepilok), Sabah Forestry Department, PO Box 1407, 90715 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia. razy. japir @ sabah. gov. my (RJ); arthur. chung @ sabah. gov. my; https: // orcid / org / 0000 - 0002 - 9529 - 4114 (AYCC) Corresponding author: orthoptera. mingkai @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4324 - 6305</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="58FE9932FABFA263A5040B931EE3ABBC">Forest Research Centre (Sepilok), Sabah Forestry Department, PO Box 1407, 90715 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia. razy. japir @ sabah. gov. my (RJ); arthur. chung @ sabah. gov. my; https: // orcid / org / 0000 - 0002 - 9529 - 4114 (AYCC) Corresponding author: orthoptera. mingkai @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4324 - 6305</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="B961CB7C8171DB10FF19FE5C35A3FE77" bold="true" box="[151,466,403,430]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">Cardiodactylus variegatus</emphasis>
Gorochov &amp;
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(
<figureCitation id="132E0BEB8171DB10FF11FE783561FE0B" box="[159,272,439,465]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 9" captionStart-1="FIGURE 10" captionStart-2="FIGURE 11" captionStartId-0="12.[151,250,1946,1970]" captionStartId-1="13.[151,250,1208,1232]" captionStartId-2="15.[151,250,1850,1874]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1413,586,1922]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1434,187,1184]" captionTargetBox-2="[156,1431,186,1821]" captionTargetId-0="figure-100@12.[151,1436,586,1922]" captionTargetId-1="figure-22@13.[151,1436,181,1184]" captionTargetId-2="figure-22@15.[151,1436,181,1826]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionTargetPageId-2="15" captionText-0="FIGURE 9. Cardiodactylus variegatus J adult in Mount Silam (A) and right FW (B). Scale bar: 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 10. J genitalia of Cardiodactylus variegatus in dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views. Scale bar: 1 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 11. Cardiodactylus variegatus J calling song: oscillograms showing four isolated syllables (A) and a syllable (B); spectrogram of the same syllable (C); power spectra of a syllable (D) where the grey line represents the power [dB] (axis name and scale in grey) and the black solid peak represents the relative amplitude (axis name in black)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8130535" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8130537" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8130541" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8130535/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8130537/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8130541/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">Figs 911</figureCitation>
)
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<taxonomicName id="4C156CED8171DB10FF19FE3336A7FDCE" ID-CoL="R5F9" authority="Gorochov &amp; Robillard, 2014" authorityName="Gorochov &amp; Robillard" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,726,508,532]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Cardiodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegatus">
<emphasis id="B961CB7C8171DB10FF19FE3335D4FDC9" box="[151,421,508,532]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">Cardiodactylus variegatus</emphasis>
Gorochov &amp;
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, in
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<bibRefCitation id="EF846A9F8171DB10FD72FE33307DFDCE" author="Robillard, T. &amp; Gorochov, A. V. &amp; Poulain, S. &amp; Suhardjono, Y. R." box="[764,1036,508,532]" pageId="12" pageNumber="243" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref6073" refString="Robillard, T., Gorochov, A. V., Poulain, S. &amp; Suhardjono, Y. R. (2014) Revision of the cricket genus Cardiodactylus (Orthoptera, Eneopterinae, Lebinthini): the species from both sides of the Wallace line, with description of 25 new species. Zootaxa, 3854 (1), 1 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3854.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Robillard
<emphasis id="B961CB7C8171DB10FCEDFE3337E9FDCE" box="[867,920,508,532]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014: 100
</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB4317F8171DB10FBA9FE333087FDC9" author="Dong, J. &amp; Kergoat, G. J. &amp; Vicente, N. &amp; Rahmadi, C. &amp; Xu, S. &amp; Robillard, T." box="[1063,1270,507,532]" page="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="243" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="EF846A9F8171DB10FBA9FE333087FDC9" author="Dong, J. &amp; Kergoat, G. J. &amp; Vicente, N. &amp; Rahmadi, C. &amp; Xu, S. &amp; Robillard, T." box="[1063,1270,507,532]" pageId="12" pageNumber="243" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref5729" refString="Dong, J., Kergoat, G. J., Vicente, N., Rahmadi, C., Xu, S. &amp; Robillard, T. (2018) Biogeographic patterns and diversification dynamics of the genus Cardiodactylus Saussure (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Eneopterinae) in Southeast Asia. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 129, 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2018.06.001" type="journal article" year="2018">
Dong
<emphasis id="B961CB7C8171DB10FBE9FE3330EAFDCE" box="[1127,1179,508,532]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">et al.</emphasis>
, 2018: 6
</bibRefCitation>
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(phylogeny and historical biogeography)
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<emphasis id="B961CB7C8171DB10FF19F8553562F868" bold="true" box="[151,275,1946,1970]" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C156CED8171DB10FE97F8553657F868" authorityName="Gorochov &amp; Robillard" authorityYear="2014" box="[281,550,1946,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Cardiodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="243" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegatus">
<emphasis id="B961CB7C8171DB10FE97F8553657F868" box="[281,550,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="243">Cardiodactylus variegatus</emphasis>
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J adult in Mount Silam (A) and right FW (B). Scale bar: 1 mm.
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<emphasis id="B961CB7C8170DB11FF19FB773551FB0A" bold="true" box="[151,288,1208,1232]" pageId="13" pageNumber="244">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B961CB7C8170DB11FEA8FB763548FB0A" box="[294,313,1209,1232]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="244">J</emphasis>
genitalia of
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<emphasis id="B961CB7C8170DB11FE36FB7736B4FB0A" box="[440,709,1208,1232]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="244">Cardiodactylus variegatus</emphasis>
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in dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views. Scale bar: 1 mm.
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<emphasis id="B961CB7C8170DB11FF19FAED35F4FAE6" bold="true" box="[151,389,1314,1340]" pageId="13" pageNumber="244">Material examined</emphasis>
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• 1J; Mount Silam, near peak (end);
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.a.s.l. (GPS SAB22_3);
<date id="FFAB31AE8170DB11FF19FA413579FA72" box="[151,264,1422,1448]" pageId="13" pageNumber="244" value="2022-05-12">12.v.2022</date>
; TR22-08; on low plant at base of tree (night); molecular sample C241; call recording MNHN-SO-2023- 1479; M.K Tan &amp; T. Robillard; MNHN-EO-ENSIF11346
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA176E8170DB11FF19F9D135C1F9E2" blockId="13.[151,432,1566,1592]" box="[151,432,1566,1592]" pageId="13" pageNumber="244">
<heading id="D0E2A0028170DB11FF19F9D135C1F9E2" bold="true" box="[151,432,1566,1592]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="244" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B961CB7C8170DB11FF19F9D135C1F9E2" bold="true" box="[151,432,1566,1592]" pageId="13" pageNumber="244">Additional description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA176E8170DB11FF19F9A930C5F8EE" blockId="13.[151,1437,1638,2025]" pageId="13" pageNumber="244">
<emphasis id="B961CB7C8170DB11FF19F9A934A5F95A" bold="true" box="[151,212,1638,1664]" pageId="13" pageNumber="244">Male</emphasis>
. Habitus as shown in
<figureCitation id="132E0BEB8170DB11FE57F9A93644F95A" box="[473,565,1638,1664]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1946,1970]" captionTargetBox="[151,1413,586,1922]" captionTargetId="figure-100@12.[151,1436,586,1922]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Cardiodactylus variegatus J adult in Mount Silam (A) and right FW (B). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8130535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8130535/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="244">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
; FWs (
<figureCitation id="132E0BEB8170DB11FD05F9A93697F95A" box="[651,742,1638,1664]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1946,1970]" captionTargetBox="[151,1413,586,1922]" captionTargetId="figure-100@12.[151,1436,586,1922]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Cardiodactylus variegatus J adult in Mount Silam (A) and right FW (B). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8130535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8130535/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="244">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
). FW colouration mostly dark brown (cells and veins), with yellow areas including bases of anal veins and CuA, harp veins, oval region posterior to mirror. Apical field entirely dark brown, including transverse veins. Bases of chords orange brown. Lateral field: M/R/Sc area and cells dark orange brown. Sc with yellow projections. FW venation: 1A slightly bisinuated. CuP absent. Harp with 2 w-shaped oblique veins. Mirror (d1) oval, separated in two parts near mid-length; d2 as wide as mirror. Apical field with 4 cell alignments posterior to mirror. Lateral field with 6 projections of Sc and 4 more ventral veins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA176E8170DB12FF49F8F1372EFEC7" blockId="13.[151,1437,1638,2025]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="245" pageId="13" pageNumber="244">
Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="132E0BEB8170DB11FEF5F8F135A0F882" box="[379,465,1854,1880]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1208,1232]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,187,1184]" captionTargetId="figure-22@13.[151,1436,181,1184]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. J genitalia of Cardiodactylus variegatus in dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8130537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8130537/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="244">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
): Pseudepiphallus short, narrowed twice, at mid-length and preapically; apex slightly asymmetrical and curved laterally. Lateral ridges forming short and thick parallel walls, their dorsal edges lanceolate due to widening of anterior region, their dorsal edges carinated; pseudepiphallus bisinuated laterally. Pseudepiphallic sclerite with short latero-anterior expansions, membrane between them with thin setae. Posterior region of pseudepiphallus almost square, narrower than preapical part, apex with a translucent area including a small anterior sclerotization. Rami with semi-circular preapical plates and well visible apical stems. Ectophallic arc complete, v-shaped. Ectophallic fold with strong lateral sclerites; apex trilobate, membranous. Endophallic sclerite long, with a triangular posterior expansion and short lateral arms. Endophallic apodeme with a dorsal crest and wide lateral lamellae. Membrane of endophallic cavity finely plicate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA176E8173DB12FF49FEE8363EFEBF" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="14" pageNumber="245">
<emphasis id="B961CB7C8173DB12FF49FEE83644FE9A" bold="true" box="[199,565,294,321]" pageId="14" pageNumber="245">
Measurement (in mm,
<specimenCount id="9D13DCE78173DB12FE59FEE93658FE9A" box="[471,553,294,320]" pageId="14" pageNumber="245" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
).
</emphasis>
BL = 18.0, PronL = 2.5, PronW = 4.1, FWL = 12.9, FWW = 4.0, HWT = 3.9, FIIIL = 14.1, FIIIW = 3.7, TIIIL = 12.4
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F44E58173DB12FF19FE79304BFCCF" pageId="14" pageNumber="245" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAA176E8173DB12FF19FE7936F1FE0A" blockId="14.[151,640,438,465]" box="[151,640,438,465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="245">
<emphasis id="B961CB7C8173DB12FF19FE7936F1FE0A" bold="true" box="[151,640,438,465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="245">
Comparison with
<taxonomicName id="4C156CED8173DB12FEF6FE7836F1FE0A" ID-CoL="68ZR2" ID-ENA="2420262" authority="Otte, 2007" authorityName="Otte" authorityYear="2007" box="[376,640,438,465]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Cardiodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pelagus">
<emphasis id="B961CB7C8173DB12FEF6FE783586FE0B" bold="true" box="[376,503,438,465]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="245">C. pelagus</emphasis>
Otte, 2007
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA176E8173DB12FF19FE30304BFCCF" blockId="14.[151,1437,511,789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="245">
The new observations confirm that
<taxonomicName id="4C156CED8173DB12FDAFFE3036C6FDC2" authorityName="Gorochov &amp; Robillard" authorityYear="2014" box="[545,695,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Cardiodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegatus">
<emphasis id="B961CB7C8173DB12FDAFFE3036C6FDC2" box="[545,695,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="245">C. variegatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, initially described from a single female, is a valid species close to
<emphasis id="B961CB7C8173DB12FF19FDEC35C2FDE6" box="[151,435,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="245">
<taxonomicName id="4C156CED8173DB12FF19FDEC3562FDE7" authorityName="Otte" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,275,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Cardiodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pelagus">C. pelagus</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C156CED8173DB12FE93FDEC35C2FDE6" authorityName="Gorochov &amp; Robillard" authorityYear="2014" box="[285,435,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Cardiodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegatus">C. variegatus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
differs by its the characteristic colouration: face almost uniformly yellow, pronotum with two dark bands on each lateral lobe (one in
<taxonomicName id="4C156CED8173DB12FD0BFD88368CFDBB" authorityName="Otte" authorityYear="2007" box="[645,765,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Cardiodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pelagus">
<emphasis id="B961CB7C8173DB12FD0BFD88368CFDBB" box="[645,765,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="245">C. pelagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), legs strongly spotted and FIIIs with very dark apical part. Male FWs are almost similar in both species, but
<taxonomicName id="4C156CED8173DB12FD48FDA4372CFD5E" authorityName="Gorochov &amp; Robillard" authorityYear="2014" box="[710,861,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Cardiodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegatus">
<emphasis id="B961CB7C8173DB12FD48FDA4372CFD5E" box="[710,861,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="245">C. variegatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mirror is crossed by a dark vein (instead of yellow in
<taxonomicName id="4C156CED8173DB12FF3AFD40355DFD73" authorityName="Otte" authorityYear="2007" box="[180,300,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Cardiodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pelagus">
<emphasis id="B961CB7C8173DB12FF3AFD40355DFD73" box="[180,300,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="245">C. pelagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and its apical field is almost entirely dark brown (with yellow transverse veins in
<taxonomicName id="4C156CED8173DB12FB5DFD40313AFD73" authorityName="Otte" authorityYear="2007" box="[1235,1355,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Cardiodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pelagus">
<emphasis id="B961CB7C8173DB12FB5DFD40313AFD73" box="[1235,1355,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="245">C. pelagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Male genitalia similar in both species, but
<taxonomicName id="4C156CED8173DB12FDB8FD7C36BCFD16" authorityName="Gorochov &amp; Robillard" authorityYear="2014" box="[566,717,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Cardiodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegatus">
<emphasis id="B961CB7C8173DB12FDB8FD7C36BCFD16" box="[566,717,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="245">C. variegatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs by pseudepiphallus with lateral ridges thicker than in
<taxonomicName id="4C156CED8173DB12FA0DFD7C349FFD2B" authorityName="Otte" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Cardiodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pelagus">
<emphasis id="B961CB7C8173DB12FA0DFD7C349FFD2B" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="245">C. pelagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; posterior pseudepiphallic apex narrower, almost square (wider and trapezoidal in
<taxonomicName id="4C156CED8173DB12FB09FD18308FFD2B" authorityName="Otte" authorityYear="2007" box="[1159,1278,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Cardiodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pelagus">
<emphasis id="B961CB7C8173DB12FB09FD18308FFD2B" box="[1159,1278,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="245">C. pelagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), with a small rounded translucent area. Rami with longer apical stems (very short in
<taxonomicName id="4C156CED8173DB12FC3CFD34305BFCCF" authorityName="Otte" authorityYear="2007" box="[946,1066,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Cardiodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pelagus">
<emphasis id="B961CB7C8173DB12FC3CFD34305BFCCF" box="[946,1066,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="245">C. pelagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F44E58173DB12FF19FC9335B2FC38" pageId="14" pageNumber="245" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BAA176E8173DB12FF19FC93348BFCAC" blockId="14.[151,250,860,886]" box="[151,250,860,886]" pageId="14" pageNumber="245">
<heading id="D0E2A0028173DB12FF19FC93348BFCAC" bold="true" box="[151,250,860,886]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="245" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B961CB7C8173DB12FF19FC93348BFCAC" bold="true" box="[151,250,860,886]" pageId="14" pageNumber="245">Ecology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA176E8173DB12FF19FC6B35B2FC38" blockId="14.[151,1436,932,995]" pageId="14" pageNumber="245">The only specimen collected occurred at a relatively high elevation in Mount Silam, on low vegetation at the base of a tree near a forest path.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F44E58173DB12FF19FBE63019FB5C" box="[151,1128,1065,1159]" pageId="14" pageNumber="245" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAA176E8173DB12FF19FBE63541FB99" blockId="14.[151,304,1065,1091]" box="[151,304,1065,1091]" pageId="14" pageNumber="245">
<heading id="D0E2A0028173DB12FF19FBE63541FB99" bold="true" box="[151,304,1065,1091]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="245" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B961CB7C8173DB12FF19FBE63541FB99" bold="true" box="[151,304,1065,1091]" pageId="14" pageNumber="245">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA176E8173DB12FF19FBA23019FB5C" blockId="14.[151,1128,1132,1159]" box="[151,1128,1132,1159]" pageId="14" pageNumber="245">
Borneo (
<collectingRegion id="49D1D98C8173DB12FF77FBA33532FB5C" box="[249,323,1132,1158]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="14" pageNumber="245">Sabah</collectingRegion>
: Trus Madi Mountain, Long Pa Sia, Mount Silam [new locality record])
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F44E58173DB12FF19FB1736DBFA58" pageId="14" pageNumber="245" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAA176E8173DB12FF19FB1735D0FB28" blockId="14.[151,417,1240,1266]" box="[151,417,1240,1266]" pageId="14" pageNumber="245">
<heading id="D0E2A0028173DB12FF19FB1735D0FB28" bold="true" box="[151,417,1240,1266]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="245" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B961CB7C8173DB12FF19FB1735D0FB28" bold="true" box="[151,417,1240,1266]" pageId="14" pageNumber="245">
Calling song (
<figureCitation id="132E0BEB8173DB12FECDFB1735E9FB28" box="[323,408,1240,1266]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1850,1874]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,186,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-22@15.[151,1436,181,1826]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Cardiodactylus variegatus J calling song: oscillograms showing four isolated syllables (A) and a syllable (B); spectrogram of the same syllable (C); power spectra of a syllable (D) where the grey line represents the power [dB] (axis name and scale in grey) and the black solid peak represents the relative amplitude (axis name in black)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8130541" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8130541/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="245">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA176E8173DB12FF19FAEF36DBFA58" blockId="14.[151,1437,1312,1411]" pageId="14" pageNumber="245">The calling song consists of isolated syllables, with an average duration of 59.8±4.4 ms (50.663.3 ms). The average interval between consecutive syllables is 3.5±1.1 s (2.56.1 s). The call spectrum is broad-band with the energy peaking at 19.34±1.22 kHz (16.9720.91 kHz).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>