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<document id="551AF541E54A4EEEAE71D18C38724F47" ID-DOI="10.1515/bot-2021-0013" ID-ISSN="1437-4323" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11000093" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1713579772601" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="DArchino, Roberta &amp; Zuccarello, Giuseppe C." docDate="2021" docId="03B97F3CD42BD7765EFAD885FA451DA3" docLanguage="en" docName="BotMar.64.2.129-138.pdf" docOrigin="Botanica Marina (Warsaw, Poland) 64 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bot-2021-0013" docStyle="DocumentStyle:9102D1D0F376D6FBA22A1B5DFA71D3A3.1:BotMar.2015-.journal_article.closed" docStyleId="9102D1D0F376D6FBA22A1B5DFA71D3A3" docStyleName="BotMar.2015-.journal_article.closed" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Fushitsunagia catenata" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="135" masterDocId="FF800744D42DD7705E72DC42FFCB1E6D" masterDocTitle="Two red macroalgae newly introduced into New Zealand: Pachymeniopsis lanceolata (K. Okamura) Y. Yamada ex S. Kawabata and Fushitsunagia catenata Filloramo et G. W. Saunders" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="129" pageNumber="135" updateTime="1714497534951" updateUser="valdenar">
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<mods:title id="2E379707F1D3D1CA32A81AFD9F4DF449">Two red macroalgae newly introduced into New Zealand: Pachymeniopsis lanceolata (K. Okamura) Y. Yamada ex S. Kawabata and Fushitsunagia catenata Filloramo et G. W. Saunders</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03B97F3CD42BD7765EFAD885FA451DA3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B97F3CD42BD7765EFAD885FA451DA3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B97F3CD42BD7765EFAD885FA451DA3" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">
<subSubSection id="C30A9DA1D42BD7765EFAD885FDCF1A89" box="[136,516,1223,1252]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAFCE2AD42BD7765EFAD885FDCF1A89" blockId="6.[136,516,1223,1252]" box="[136,516,1223,1252]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">
<heading id="D0E77946D42BD7765EFAD885FDCF1A89" box="[136,516,1223,1252]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B9641238D42BD7765EFAD885FDCF1A89" bold="true" box="[136,516,1223,1252]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">
4.2
<taxonomicName id="4C10B5A9D42BD7765EB7D885FDCF1A89" authority="(Harvey)" box="[197,516,1223,1252]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Lomentariaceae" genus="Fushitsunagia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="catenata">
<emphasis id="B9641238D42BD7765EB7D885FDCF1A89" bold="true" box="[197,516,1223,1252]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Fushitsunagia catenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30A9DA1D42BD7765EFAD953FA451DA3" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAFCE2AD42BD7765EFAD953FEB318C9" blockId="6.[136,764,1297,1942]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">
<taxonomicName id="4C10B5A9D42BD7765EFAD953FEB51B4A" box="[136,382,1297,1319]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Lomentariaceae" genus="Fushitsunagia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="catenata">
<emphasis id="B9641238D42BD7765EFAD953FEB51B4A" bold="true" box="[136,382,1297,1319]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Fushitsunagia catenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="4C10B5A9D42BD7765C6ED950FD071B45" ID-CoL="C68" authorityName="J. Agardh" authorityYear="1876" box="[540,716,1298,1320]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Lomentariaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="family">Lomentariaceae</taxonomicName>
. The
<taxonomicName id="4C10B5A9D42BD7765EFAD976FEFE1B27" ID-CoL="C68" authorityName="J. Agardh" authorityYear="1876" box="[136,309,1332,1354]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Lomentariaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="family">Lomentariaceae</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F3078EBAD42BD7765F11D977FE3D1B27" box="[355,502,1332,1354]" name="New Zealand" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
is represented by two genera,
<taxonomicName id="4C10B5A9D42BD7765E92D915FEB81B00" ID-CoL="3KSL" authorityName="Zanardini" authorityYear="1878" box="[224,371,1367,1389]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Lomentariaceae" genus="Ceratodictyon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9641238D42BD7765E92D915FEB81B00" bold="true" box="[224,371,1367,1389]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Ceratodictyon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
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a. In the field,
<taxonomicName id="4C10B5A9D42BD7765CCAD915FF0F1BE2" class="Florideophyceae" family="Lomentariaceae" genus="Fushitsunagia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="catenata">
<emphasis id="B9641238D42BD7765CCAD915FF0F1BE2" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">F. catenata</emphasis>
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was tentatively identified as a
<taxonomicName id="4C10B5A9D42BD7765C6DD93BFDB51BE2" ID-CoL="3M3J" authorityName="Desvaux" authorityYear="1809" box="[543,638,1401,1423]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Champiaceae" genus="Champia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9641238D42BD7765C6DD93BFDB51BE2" bold="true" box="[543,638,1401,1423]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Champia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but clearly differed morphologically from the common native species
<taxonomicName id="4C10B5A9D42BD7765EFAD9FCFE6C1BB9" box="[136,423,1470,1492]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Champiaceae" genus="Champia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="novae-zelandiae">
<emphasis id="B9641238D42BD7765EFAD9FCFE6C1BB9" bold="true" box="[136,423,1470,1492]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Champia novae-zelandiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C10B5A9D42BD7765F8AD9FCFD301BB9" box="[504,763,1470,1492]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Champiaceae" genus="Champia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="chathamensis">
<emphasis id="B9641238D42BD7765F8AD9FCFD301BB9" bold="true" box="[504,763,1470,1492]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Champia chathamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF81B3DBD42BD7765EFDD9A3FED61B9A" author="Nelson, W. A." box="[143,285,1505,1527]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" refId="ref7496" refString="Nelson, W. A. (2020). New Zealand seaweeds an illustrated guide. Te Papa Press, Wellington, New Zealand, p. 351." type="journal volume" year="2020">
<collectingRegion id="49D400C8D42BD7765EFDD9A3FF101B9A" box="[143,219,1505,1527]" country="New Zealand" name="Nelson" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Nelson</collectingRegion>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
) as well as from the introduced species
<taxonomicName id="4C10B5A9D42BD7765EFADA41FE181877" authority="(Adams 1994)" baseAuthorityName="Adams" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[136,467,1539,1562]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Champiaceae" genus="Champia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B9641238D42BD7765EFADA41FEFB1875" bold="true" box="[136,304,1539,1562]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Champia affinis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF81B3DBD42BD7765F33DA46FE071877" author="Adams, N. M." box="[321,460,1540,1562]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" refId="ref5475" refString="Adams, N. M. (1994). Seaweeds of New Zealand. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch, p. 360." type="journal volume" year="1994">Adams 1994</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C10B5A9D42BD7765F92DA41FD431875" baseAuthorityName="Adams" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[480,648,1539,1562]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Champiaceae" genus="Champia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B9641238D42BD7765F92DA41FD431875" bold="true" box="[480,648,1539,1562]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Champia affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered to have been an early introduction to
<collectingCountry id="F3078EBAD42BD7765C1EDA65FD371851" box="[620,764,1574,1596]" name="New Zealand" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF81B3DBD42BD7765EFDDA0BFEDF1832" author="Adams, N. M." box="[143,276,1609,1631]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref5441" refString="Adams, N. M. (1983). Checklist of marine algae possibly naturalised in New Zealand. N. Z. J. Bot. 21: 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="1983">Adams 1983</bibRefCitation>
) and it has a restricted distribution in southern
<collectingCountry id="F3078EBAD42BD7765EC3DA2EFEF618EC" box="[177,317,1643,1665]" name="New Zealand" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
and is considered a low impact, low risk species (
<bibRefCitation id="EF81B3DBD42BD7765E96DACCFEA618C9" author="Nelson, W. A." box="[228,365,1678,1700]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" pagination="355 - 359" refId="ref7461" refString="Nelson, W. A. (1999). A revised checklist of marine algae naturalised in New Zealand. N. Z. J. Bot. 37: 355 - 359." type="journal article" year="1999">
<collectingRegion id="49D400C8D42BD7765E96DACCFEFB18C9" box="[228,304,1678,1700]" country="New Zealand" name="Nelson" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Nelson</collectingRegion>
1999
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAFCE2AD42BD7765EC7DAF2FC7E1F53" blockId="6.[136,764,1297,1942]" lastBlockId="6.[794,1422,193,974]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">
The genus
<taxonomicName id="4C10B5A9D42BD7765F5BDAF2FE7518AB" authorityName="Filloramo &amp; G.W.Saunders" authorityYear="2016" box="[297,446,1712,1734]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Lomentariaceae" genus="Fushitsunagia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9641238D42BD7765F5BDAF2FE7518AB" bold="true" box="[297,446,1712,1734]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Fushitsunagia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recently segregated from
<taxonomicName id="4C10B5A9D42BD7765EFADA91FDA81884" ID-CoL="62XQ2" authority="(Filloramo and Saunders 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Filloramo and Saunders" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[136,611,1747,1769]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Lomentariaceae" genus="Lomentaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9641238D42BD7765EFADA91FEC91885" bold="true" box="[136,258,1747,1768]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Lomentaria</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF81B3DBD42BD7765F60DA91FD961884" author="Filloramo, G. V. &amp; Saunders, G. W." box="[274,605,1747,1769]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" pagination="339 - 355" refId="ref6320" refString="Filloramo, G. V. and Saunders, G. W. (2016). Application of multigene phylogenetics and site-stripping to resolve intraordinal relationships in the Rhodymeniales (Rhodophyta). J. Phycol. 52: 339 - 355." type="journal article" year="2016">Filloramo and Saunders 2016</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Although
<bibRefCitation id="EF81B3DBD42BD7765CADDA91FEC31966" author="De Toni, G. B." pageId="6" pageNumber="135" refId="ref6162" refString="De Toni, G. B. (1924). Sylloge algarum omnium hucusque cognitarum. Vol. VI. Florideae. Sectio V. Additamenta. Sumptibus auctoris, Patavii [Padua], pp. [i] - xi, [1] - 767, frontispiece." type="book" year="1924">De Toni (1924)</bibRefCitation>
synonymised
<taxonomicName id="4C10B5A9D42BD7765FC6DAB4FDF81966" box="[436,563,1782,1803]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Lomentariaceae" genus="Fushitsunagia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="catenata">
<emphasis id="B9641238D42BD7765FC6DAB4FDF81966" bold="true" box="[436,563,1782,1803]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">L. catenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C10B5A9D42BD7765CF3DAB7FE341943" authority="(Hook. f. et Harv.) Yendo" authorityName="Yendo" baseAuthorityName="Hook. f. et Harv." class="Florideophyceae" family="Lomentariaceae" genus="Lomentaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="umbellata">
<emphasis id="B9641238D42BD7765CF3DAB7FF381943" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Lomentaria umbellata</emphasis>
(Hook.f.
<emphasis id="B9641238D42BD7765F25DB5AFEA01940" bold="true" box="[343,363,1816,1837]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">et</emphasis>
Harv.) Yendo
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F3078EBAD42BD7765C4DDB5AFD041943" box="[575,719,1816,1838]" name="New Zealand" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, the latter is smaller, up to
<quantity id="4CE863CFD42BD7765FF8DB79FE0B193D" box="[394,448,1851,1872]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
high, has a soft and flaccid texture, with curved side branches and swollen tips (
<bibRefCitation id="EF81B3DBD42BD7765EFDDB3DFEDD19FB" author="Nelson, W. A." box="[143,278,1919,1942]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" refId="ref7496" refString="Nelson, W. A. (2020). New Zealand seaweeds an illustrated guide. Te Papa Press, Wellington, New Zealand, p. 351." type="journal volume" year="2020">
<collectingRegion id="49D400C8D42BD7765EFDDB3DFF1019F8" box="[143,219,1919,1941]" country="New Zealand" name="Nelson" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Nelson</collectingRegion>
2020
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) while
<taxonomicName id="4C10B5A9D42BD7765F1ADBC2FE2B19F8" box="[360,480,1920,1941]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Lomentariaceae" genus="Fushitsunagia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="catenata">
<emphasis id="B9641238D42BD7765F1ADBC2FE2B19F8" bold="true" box="[360,480,1920,1941]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">F. catenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is larger (
<quantity id="4CE863CFD42BD7765C3CDBC2FD7819F8" box="[590,691,1919,1941]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" unit="cm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">1015 cm</quantity>
high), has straight apices and it is turgid. The other three native species:
<emphasis id="B9641238D42BD7765D05DCA1FA971E95" bold="true" box="[887,1372,227,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">
<taxonomicName id="4C10B5A9D42BD7765D05DCA1FBA21E95" box="[887,1129,227,248]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Lomentariaceae" genus="Lomentaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="caespitosa">Lomentaria caespitosa</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C10B5A9D42BD7765A04DCA1FA9C1E95" box="[1142,1367,227,248]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Lomentariaceae" genus="Lomentaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="saxigena">Lomentaria saxigena</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C10B5A9D42BD7765D68DD44FC3F1F76" box="[794,1012,261,283]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Lomentariaceae" genus="Lomentaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="secunda">
<emphasis id="B9641238D42BD7765D68DD44FC3F1F76" bold="true" box="[794,1012,261,283]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Lomentaria secunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are also smaller in size,
<quantity id="4CE863CFD42BD7765B75DD44FA9F1F76" box="[1287,1364,262,283]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" unit="cm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">13 cm</quantity>
high (
<bibRefCitation id="EF81B3DBD42BD7765D53DD6AFC621F53" author="Adams, N. M." box="[801,937,296,318]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" refId="ref5475" refString="Adams, N. M. (1994). Seaweeds of New Zealand. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch, p. 360." type="journal volume" year="1994">Adams 1994</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAFCE2AD42BD7765D35DD09FAB31CB0" blockId="6.[794,1422,193,974]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">
The native range of
<taxonomicName id="4C10B5A9D42BD7765A5FDD08FAE31F0D" box="[1069,1320,330,352]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Lomentariaceae" genus="Fushitsunagia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="catenata">
<emphasis id="B9641238D42BD7765A5FDD08FAE31F0D" bold="true" box="[1069,1320,330,352]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Fushitsunagia catenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
<collectingCountry id="F3078EBAD42BD7765B3CDD09FA461F0D" box="[1358,1421,331,352]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Japan</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3078EBAD42BD7765D38DD2CFC421FEE" box="[842,905,366,387]" name="South Korea" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Korea</collectingCountry>
with the
<typeStatus id="54AB7088D42BD7765D9DDD2CFBD51FEE" box="[1007,1054,366,387]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">type</typeStatus>
locality Shimodo,
<collectingCountry id="F3078EBAD42BD7765A98DD2CFAE21FEE" box="[1258,1321,366,387]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF81B3DBD42BD7765B45DD2FFC4C1FCB" author="Masuda, M. &amp; Kudo, T. &amp; Kawaguchi, S. &amp; Guiry, M. D." pageId="6" pageNumber="135" pagination="191 - 202" refId="ref7056" refString="Masuda, M., Kudo, T., Kawaguchi, S., and Guiry, M. D. (1995). Lectotypi fi cation of some marine red algae described by W. H. Harvey from Japan. Phycol. Res. 43: 191 - 202." type="journal article" year="1995">Masuda et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C10B5A9D42BD7765DE4DDCDFB471FC8" box="[918,1164,399,421]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Lomentariaceae" genus="Fushitsunagia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="catenata">
<emphasis id="B9641238D42BD7765DE4DDCDFB471FC8" bold="true" box="[918,1164,399,421]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Fushitsunagia catenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also found in the Gulf of California (
<bibRefCitation id="EF81B3DBD42BD7765DB3DDF0FB531FA5" author="Norris, J. N. &amp; Aguilar-Rosas, L. E. &amp; Pedroche, F. F." box="[961,1176,434,456]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref7657" refString="Norris, J. N., Aguilar-Rosas, L. E., and Pedroche, F. F. (2017). Conspectus of the benthic marine algae of the Gulf of California: Rhodophyta, Phaeophyceae, and Chlorophyta. Smithsonian Contrib. Bot. 106: 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="2017">Norris et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="49D400C8D42BD7765AC6DDF1FA421FA5" box="[1204,1417,434,456]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3078EBAD42BD7765D68DD97FCB61F86" box="[794,893,469,491]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF81B3DBD42BD7765DFEDD97FBB21F87" author="Millar, A. J. K. &amp; Kraft, G. T." box="[908,1145,469,491]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" pagination="1 - 90" refId="ref7172" refString="Millar, A. J. K. and Kraft, G. T. (1993). Catalogue of marine and freshwater red algae (Rhodophyta) of New South Wales, including Lord Howe Island, South-Western Paci fi c. Aust. Syst. Bot. 6: 1 - 90." type="journal article" year="1993">Millar and Kraft 1993</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C10B5A9D42BD7765AD7DD97FA4E1F87" box="[1189,1413,469,490]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Lomentariaceae" genus="Lomentaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="catenata">
<emphasis id="B9641238D42BD7765AD7DD97FA4E1F87" bold="true" box="[1189,1413,469,490]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Lomentaria catenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and
<collectingCountry id="F3078EBAD42BD7765D3BDDB5FC4C1C60" box="[841,903,503,525]" name="Spain" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Spain</collectingCountry>
(Gallardo et al. 2016). Species in the family that have been reported as non-indigenous are
<taxonomicName id="4C10B5A9D42BD7765B61DE58FC6D1C3F" class="Florideophyceae" family="Lomentariaceae" genus="Lomentaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="hakodatensis">
<emphasis id="B9641238D42BD7765B61DE58FC6D1C3F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Lomentaria hakodatensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which is native in Asia and introduced to
<collectingCountry id="F3078EBAD42BD7765B2EDE7EFA461C3F" box="[1372,1421,572,594]" name="Italy" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF81B3DBD42BD7765D53DE1DFC281C18" author="Curiel, D. &amp; Bellemo, G. &amp; Scattolin, M. &amp; Marzocchi, M." box="[801,995,607,629]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" pagination="65 - 72" refId="ref5707" refString="Curiel, D., Bellemo, G., Scattolin, M., and Marzocchi, M. (2006). First report of Lomentaria hakodatensis (Lomentariaceae, Rhodophyta) from the lagoon of Venice (Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean). Acta Adriat. 47: 65 - 72." type="journal article" year="2006">Curiel et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
) and presumably
<collectingRegion id="49D400C8D42BD7765AC2DE1DFAD51C18" box="[1200,1310,607,629]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">California</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3078EBAD42BD7765B59DE1DFA911C19" box="[1323,1370,607,628]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">USA</collectingCountry>
and Pacific Mexico (Miller at al. 2011),
<taxonomicName id="4C10B5A9D42BD7765AD2DEC3FA461CFA" box="[1184,1421,641,663]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Lomentariaceae" genus="Lomentaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="clavellosa">
<emphasis id="B9641238D42BD7765AD2DEC3FA461CFA" bold="true" box="[1184,1421,641,663]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Lomentaria clavellosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C10B5A9D42BD7765D3CDEE6FB8F1CD7" authorityName="Collins" authorityYear="1937" box="[846,1092,676,698]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Lomentariaceae" genus="Lomentaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="orcadensis">
<emphasis id="B9641238D42BD7765D3CDEE6FB8F1CD7" bold="true" box="[846,1092,676,698]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Lomentaria orcadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, native in Europe and introduced to the northwest Atlantic (
<bibRefCitation id="EF81B3DBD42BD7765A0CDE85FAA71CB0" author="Mathieson, A. C. &amp; Pederson, J. R. &amp; Neefus, C. D. &amp; Dawes, C. D. &amp; Bray, T. L." box="[1150,1388,711,733]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" pagination="730 - 741" refId="ref7110" refString="Mathieson, A. C., Pederson, J. R., Neefus, C. D., Dawes, C. D., and Bray, T. L. (2008). Multiple assessments of introduced seaweeds in the Northwest Atlantic. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 65: 730 - 741." type="journal article" year="2008">Mathieson et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAFCE2AD42BD7765D35DEABFAA31D29" blockId="6.[794,1422,193,974]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">
<taxonomicName id="4C10B5A9D42BD7765D35DEABFB831C93" box="[839,1096,745,767]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Lomentariaceae" genus="Fushitsunagia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="catenata">
<emphasis id="B9641238D42BD7765D35DEABFB831C93" bold="true" box="[839,1096,745,767]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Fushitsunagia catenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is perennial, and the new fronds regenerate at the broken or eroded margins. In
<collectingCountry id="F3078EBAD42BD7765D68DF6DFC971D29" box="[794,860,815,836]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Japan</collectingCountry>
, it is luxuriant in winter and autumn (
<bibRefCitation id="EF81B3DBD42BD7765A88DF6CFA971D29" author="Lee, I. K." box="[1274,1372,814,836]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" pagination="1 - 203" refId="ref6964" refString="Lee, I. K. (1978). Studies on Rhodymeniales from Hokkaido. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ. Ser. V Bot. 11: 1 - 203." type="journal article" year="1978">Lee 1978</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAFCE2AD42BD7765D35DF13FA451DA3" blockId="6.[794,1422,193,974]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">
<bibRefCitation id="EF81B3DBD42BD7765D35DF13FC761D0A" author="Lee, I. K." box="[839,957,849,871]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" pagination="1 - 203" refId="ref6964" refString="Lee, I. K. (1978). Studies on Rhodymeniales from Hokkaido. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ. Ser. V Bot. 11: 1 - 203." type="journal article" year="1978">Lee (1978)</bibRefCitation>
reported the presence of gland cells in Japanese samples of
<taxonomicName id="4C10B5A9D42BD7765D8DDF36FBBE1DE4" box="[1023,1141,884,905]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Lomentariaceae" genus="Fushitsunagia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="catenata">
<emphasis id="B9641238D42BD7765D8DDF36FBBE1DE4" bold="true" box="[1023,1141,884,905]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">F. catenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="4C10B5A9D42BD7765ADBDF31FAB51DE4" box="[1193,1406,883,905]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Lomentariaceae" genus="Lomentaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rhodymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="catenata">
<emphasis id="B9641238D42BD7765ADBDF31FAB51DE4" bold="true" box="[1193,1406,883,905]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Lomentaria catenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); however these were not noticed by
<bibRefCitation id="EF81B3DBD42BD7765AF7DFD4FAE31DC1" author="Okamura, K." box="[1157,1320,918,940]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" refId="ref7747" refString="Okamura, K. (1902). Illustrations of the marine algae of Japan, Vol. 1. Keigyosha &amp; Co., Tokyo, pp. 75 - 93, plates XXVI-XXX." type="book" year="1902">Okamura (1902)</bibRefCitation>
and were absent from our samples. More samples should be examined.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>