151 lines
20 KiB
XML
151 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="2B84AD988FF0B9D1409FC0324348DBC6">Abacaecus n. gen. walterrossii n. sp., a notable hypogean carabid species from Sierra Leone, Western Africa (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Pterostichinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9803A1C16BC8DA727C135C26704FCB79">Allegro, Gianni</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="75DFE07772C196CA95E1508A901A33A5">Giachino, Pier Mauro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="CEE3ADBA8BBDDD38837E3E90E4DF19AA">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="4A550626631545532ADCAE997F2DFCFC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3803456" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163738971" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3803456" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A550626631545532ADCAE997F2DFCFC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A550626631545532ADCAE997F2DFCFC" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="445" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">
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<subSubSection id="8AE6E4BB631545512ADCAE997C52FF74" box="[151,593,153,180]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C243B730631545512ADCAE997C52FF74" blockId="8.[151,593,153,216]" box="[151,593,153,180]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">
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<heading id="990B005C631545512ADCAE997C52FF74" bold="true" box="[151,593,153,180]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="05FCCCB3631545512ADCAE997C52FF74" ID-CoL="4Q6CZ" authority="Straneo, 1949" authorityName="Straneo, Michele Zilioli" authorityYear="1949" box="[151,593,153,180]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostillichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caecus">
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<emphasis id="F0886B22631545512ADCAE997C52FF74" bold="true" box="[151,593,153,180]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">
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<emphasis id="F0886B22631545512ADCAE997F9DFF73" bold="true" box="[151,414,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">Pterostillichus caecus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A66DCAC1631545512BEDAE997C52FF74" author="Straneo, S. L." box="[422,593,153,179]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" pagination="23 - 26" refId="ref5427" refString="Straneo, S. L. (1949) Due nuovi Pterostichini ciechi dell'Africa Orientale (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, Genova, 79 (3 - 4), 23 - 26." type="journal article" year="1949">Straneo, 1949</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8AE6E4BB631545512ADCAEBD7F11FF1F" box="[151,274,189,216]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C243B730631545512ADCAEBD7F11FF1F" blockId="8.[151,593,153,216]" box="[151,274,189,216]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">
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(
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<figureCitation id="5AC7ABB5631545512AD4AEBD7EECFF1F" box="[159,239,189,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1968,1993]" captionTargetBox="[317,1272,425,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[309,1278,417,1942]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Optical microscope images of Pterostillichus caecus Straneo: a) habitus of holotype (scale bar = 1 mm), b) aedeagus in left lateral view, c) aedeagus in dorsal view, d) labels of holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3765576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3765576/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="5AC7ABB5631545512AB0AEBD7F09FF1F" box="[251,266,189,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1970,1995]" captionTargetBox="[272,1315,381,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[272,1315,381,1945]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. SEM images of body parts of Pterostillichus caecus Straneo: a) head in right lateral view, b) mentum, c) base of pronotum and elytra, d) metatarsum, e) prosternal intercoxal process." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3765578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3765578/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">6</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8AE6E4BB631545532ADCAF057F7BFED8" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="445" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C243B730631545512ADCAF057A94FE4C" blockId="8.[151,1436,261,396]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">
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<emphasis id="F0886B22631545512ADCAF057FA9FEE7" bold="true" box="[151,426,261,288]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">Additional description.</emphasis>
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In the original description given by
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<bibRefCitation id="A66DCAC1631545512970AF057DE2FED8" author="Straneo, S. L." box="[827,993,261,287]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" pagination="23 - 26" refId="ref5427" refString="Straneo, S. L. (1949) Due nuovi Pterostichini ciechi dell'Africa Orientale (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, Genova, 79 (3 - 4), 23 - 26." type="journal article" year="1949">Straneo (1949)</bibRefCitation>
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some characters were ignored or, in our opinion, erroneously interpreted. Moreover, only a schematic drawing of habitus was provided by this author and therefore many important features were insufficiently illustrated, such as male genitalia. For this reason we consider as important to provide an integrative description of a few characters and their illustrations.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="9683E7B8631545512ADCA9B07D76F82A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3765576" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3765576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3765576/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" startId="8.[151,250,1968,1993]" targetBox="[317,1272,425,1931]" targetPageId="8">
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<paragraph id="C243B730631545512ADCA9B07D76F82A" blockId="8.[151,1436,1968,2029]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">
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<emphasis id="F0886B22631545512ADCA9B07F10F80E" bold="true" box="[151,275,1968,1993]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
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Optical microscope images of
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<taxonomicName id="05FCCCB3631545512804A9B17D86F80E" authority="Straneo" authorityName="Straneo, Michele Zilioli" authorityYear="1949" box="[591,901,1969,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostillichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caecus">
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<emphasis id="F0886B22631545512804A9B17D2EF80F" box="[591,813,1969,1993]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">Pterostillichus caecus</emphasis>
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Straneo
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</taxonomicName>
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: a) habitus of holotype (scale bar = 1 mm), b) aedeagus in left lateral view, c) aedeagus in dorsal view, d) labels of holotype.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="C243B730631445502A8CAE997D9CFF73" blockId="9.[151,1436,153,359]" box="[199,927,153,180]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">Second antennomere almost centrically inserted on first (fig. 6a).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C243B730631445502A8CAEBD7D2AFF1F" blockId="9.[151,1436,153,359]" box="[199,809,189,216]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">Prosternal intercoxal process widely rounded (fig. 6e).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C243B730631445502A8CAEE17C4FFEE7" blockId="9.[151,1436,153,359]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">Mentum glabrous, distincly broader than long, medial tooth with bifid apex; paramedial mental setae present; paramedial pits distinct, large (fig. 6b).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C243B730631445502A8CAF297F21FEA0" blockId="9.[151,1436,153,359]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">Elytra with obsolete striae; lacking of a parascutellar pore at base (fig. 6c). Epipleura almost indistincly ‘crossed’ before apex.</paragraph>
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<caption id="9683E7B8631445502ADCA9B27D57F829" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3765578" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3765578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3765578/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" startId="9.[151,250,1970,1995]" targetBox="[272,1315,381,1945]" targetPageId="9">
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<paragraph id="C243B730631445502ADCA9B27D57F829" blockId="9.[151,1436,1970,2031]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">
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<emphasis id="F0886B22631445502ADCA9B27F17F80C" bold="true" box="[151,276,1970,1995]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
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SEM images of body parts of
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<taxonomicName id="05FCCCB363144550281AA9B37D8BF80C" authority="Straneo" authorityName="Straneo, Michele Zilioli" authorityYear="1949" box="[593,904,1971,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostillichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caecus">
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<emphasis id="F0886B2263144550281AA9B37CE7F80C" box="[593,740,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">Pterostillichus</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="F0886B226314455028A0A9B47D33F80C" box="[747,816,1972,1995]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">caecus</emphasis>
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Straneo
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</taxonomicName>
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: a) head in right lateral view, b) mentum, c) base of pronotum and elytra, d) metatarsum, e) prosternal intercoxal process.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="C243B730631745532A8CAE997A84FF73" blockId="10.[151,1437,153,827]" box="[199,1159,153,180]" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">Tarsomeres dorsally glabrous and delicately rugulose, without medial carina (fig. 6d).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C243B730631745532A8CAEBD7F7BFED8" blockId="10.[151,1437,153,827]" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">Aedeagus with median lobe distally subrectilinear in lateral view (fig. 5b); median lobe in dorsal view with a triangular apical lamella, moderately bent to right and blunt at apex (fig. 5c). Ostium long, in dorsal position, not reaching basal bulb.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8AE6E4BB631745532A8CAF297F2DFCFC" pageId="10" pageNumber="445" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C243B730631745532A8CAF297A3FFE30" blockId="10.[151,1437,153,827]" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">
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<emphasis id="F0886B22631745532A8CAF297F38FE84" bold="true" box="[199,315,297,323]" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The taxonomic position of
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<taxonomicName id="05FCCCB3631745532826AF2A7CD0FE84" authorityName="Straneo, Michele Zilioli" authorityYear="1949" box="[621,723,298,323]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostillichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caecus">
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<emphasis id="F0886B22631745532826AF2A7CD0FE84" box="[621,723,298,323]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">P. caecus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is unclear and its tribal affiliation remains problematic. It seems to belong to a phyletic lineage long separated from that of
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<taxonomicName id="05FCCCB363174553297BAF4D7DD6FEA0" box="[816,981,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Abacaecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walterrossii" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="F0886B2263174553297BAF4D7DD6FEA0" box="[816,981,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">A. walterrossii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="F0886B22631745532997AF4D7A1FFEA0" bold="true" box="[988,1052,333,359]" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="EBBBD659631745532997AF4D7A1FFEA0" box="[988,1052,333,359]" pageId="10" pageNumber="445" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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With the exception of some common characters that can be interpreted as adaptation to hypogean life and as a result of convergent evolution (microphthalmy, reduced pigmentation, markedly protruding fore angles of pronotum, presence of a single supraorbital seta, lack of seta at hind angles of pronotum), which are recurrent also in
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<taxonomicName id="05FCCCB3631745532998AFB97A62FE14" authorityName="Bonelli" authorityYear="1810" box="[979,1121,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pterostichini">Pterostichini</taxonomicName>
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adapted to the subterranean environment, there are very few other characters shared between these two species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C243B730631745532A8CAC017F2DFCFC" blockId="10.[151,1437,153,827]" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">
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<bibRefCitation id="A66DCAC1631745532A8CAC017F6DFDDC" author="Straneo, S. L." box="[199,366,513,539]" pageId="10" pageNumber="445" pagination="23 - 26" refId="ref5427" refString="Straneo, S. L. (1949) Due nuovi Pterostichini ciechi dell'Africa Orientale (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, Genova, 79 (3 - 4), 23 - 26." type="journal article" year="1949">Straneo (1949)</bibRefCitation>
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attributed
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<taxonomicName id="05FCCCB3631745532BACAC027C4DFDDC" authorityName="Straneo, Michele Zilioli" authorityYear="1949" box="[487,590,514,539]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostillichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caecus">
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<emphasis id="F0886B22631745532BACAC027C4DFDDC" box="[487,590,514,539]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">P. caecus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to
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<taxonomicName id="05FCCCB3631745532839AC017D03FDDC" authorityName="Bonelli" authorityYear="1810" box="[626,768,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pterostichini">Pterostichini</taxonomicName>
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sensu stricto (sensu
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<bibRefCitation id="A66DCAC16317455329ADAC017A8CFDDB" author="Jeannel, R." box="[998,1167,513,540]" pageId="10" pageNumber="445" refId="ref5055" refString="Jeannel, R. (1942 b) Coleopteres Carabiques. Deuxieme partie. Faune de France 40, Paris, Librairie de la Faculte des Sciences, 1173 pp." type="book" year="1942">Jeannel, 1942b</bibRefCitation>
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) which are, as far as we know, absent in Africa (
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<bibRefCitation id="A66DCAC1631745532BE2AC257C49FDF8" author="Jeannel, R." box="[425,586,549,575]" pageId="10" pageNumber="445" pagination="373 - 765" refId="ref5106" refString="Jeannel, R. (1948) Faune de l'Empire Francais. X. Coleopteres Carabiques de la region malgache (Deuxieme partie). Office de la Recherche Scientifique Coloniale, Editions du Museum, Paris, 393 pp. [pp. 373 - 765]" type="book chapter" year="1948">Jeannel, 1948</bibRefCitation>
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). More probably it belongs, in our opinion, to a separated phyletic lineage within
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<taxonomicName id="05FCCCB3631745532AA2AC497F88FDA4" authorityName="Bonelli" authorityYear="1810" box="[233,395,585,611]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pterostichinae">Pterostichinae</taxonomicName>
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, maybe related to
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<taxonomicName id="05FCCCB363174553282EAC497CD5FDA4" baseAuthorityName="Will & Park" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[613,726,585,611]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Abacetini">Abacetini</taxonomicName>
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. The strongly transverse mentum, the angular base of stria 1 (‘‘scutellar stria’’ auct.) absent, and the morphology of aedeagus (incl. dorsal position of ostium) support the hypothesis of a relation with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05FCCCB3631745532B88AC917C37FD6C" baseAuthorityName="Will & Park" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[451,564,657,683]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Abacetini">Abacetini</taxonomicName>
|
||
; on the contrary, the second antennomere not eccentrically inserted (although some genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05FCCCB3631745532B07ACB57FB4FD08" baseAuthorityName="Will & Park" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[332,439,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Abacetini">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0886B22631745532B07ACB57FB4FD08" box="[332,439,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">Abacetini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sensu lato possess the second antennomere more or less centrally inserted) and the lack of a parascutellar pore at base of elytra (even if this character is common to other pterostichine-grade taxa) contrast this hypothesis. Probably only molecular analysis will help to shed light on its taxonomic position and phylogenetic relationships.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |