197 lines
23 KiB
XML
197 lines
23 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="F8B39B3938FFED444AC7ED62432C07E6">
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<mods:title id="8745EDA565121DCB9F3D083540D33C2E">Cheirogaleidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7208DB43F995A822AAD951AEB07C591E">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="07BFC004CB9BA175E626942B493B736B">Anthony B. Rylands</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3D90982B44E786C053789FBCC67E3EBE">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="A974B5C76DD15F41579E0536979CBF60">2013</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="4656A8C41F90616CC7F3B569778662B9">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="5076DEC81A581921EA43BBEE8C098783">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="253E702FFA0A114ED59F74950D23883F">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates</mods:title>
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<treatment id="253C87A7FFE4DB45FA0EF6FDAAD7F7F0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6639271" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195866776" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6639271" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:253C87A7FFE4DB45FA0EF6FDAAD7F7F0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/253C87A7FFE4DB45FA0EF6FDAAD7F7F0" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">
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<subSubSection id="E58F653AFFE4DB5AFA0EF6FDAD97F6BE" box="[1450,1506,2322,2360]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="AD2A36B1FFE4DB5AFA0EF6FDAD97F6BE" blockId="15.[1447,2556,2322,2440]" box="[1450,1506,2322,2360]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">
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<heading id="F66281DDFFE4DB5AFA0EF6FDAD97F6BE" box="[1450,1506,2322,2360]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">
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<figureCitation id="35AE2A34FFE4DB5AFA0EF6FDAD97F6BE" box="[1450,1506,2322,2360]" captionStart="Plate 3: Cheirogaleidae" captionStartId="12.[102,132,3438,3463]" captionTargetBox="[10,2724,12,1767]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="23. Fat-tailed Dwarf Lemur (Cheirogaleus medius), 24. Sibree’s Dwarf Lemur (Cheirogaleus sibreei), 25. Greater Dwarf Lemur (Cheirogaleus major), 26. Crossley’s Dwarf Lemur (Cheirogaleus crossleyi), 27. Lesser Iron-gray Dwarf Lemur (Cheirogaleus minusculus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6639226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6639226/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">29.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="E58F653AFFE4DB5AFA50F6FDA075F6BE" box="[1524,2048,2322,2360]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="AD2A36B1FFE4DB5AFA50F6FDA075F6BE" blockId="15.[1447,2556,2322,2440]" box="[1524,2048,2322,2360]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">
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<heading id="F66281DDFFE4DB5AFA50F6FDA075F6BE" box="[1524,2048,2322,2360]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">
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<vernacularName id="2396469FFFE4DB5AFA50F6FDA075F6BE" box="[1524,2048,2322,2360]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">Pale Fork-marked Lemur</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E58F653AFFE4DB5AF7E1F6FDA10FF6BE" box="[2117,2426,2322,2360]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="AD2A36B1FFE4DB5AF7E1F6FDA10FF6BE" blockId="15.[1447,2556,2322,2440]" box="[2117,2426,2322,2360]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">
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||
<heading id="F66281DDFFE4DB5AF7E1F6FDA10FF6BE" box="[2117,2426,2322,2360]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">
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||
<taxonomicName id="6A954D32FFE4DB5AF7E1F6FDA10FF6BE" ID-CoL="4FSQ8" baseAuthorityName="Groves & Tattersall" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[2117,2426,2322,2360]" class="Mammalia" family="Cheirogaleidae" genus="Phaner" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="15" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallescens">
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<emphasis id="9FE1EAA3FFE4DB5AF7E1F6FDA10FF6BE" box="[2117,2426,2322,2360]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">Phaner pallescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E58F653AFFE4DB5AFA0DF6A6A0ACF603" pageId="15" pageNumber="64" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="AD2A36B1FFE4DB5AFA0DF6A6A18EF6D8" blockId="15.[1447,2556,2322,2440]" box="[1449,2555,2377,2398]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">
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<heading id="F66281DDFFE4DB5AFA0DF6A6A18EF6D8" box="[1449,2555,2377,2398]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="9FE1EAA3FFE4DB5AFA0DF6A6AD83F6D8" bold="true" box="[1449,1526,2377,2398]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="2396469FFFE4DB5AF9A4F6A6AE06F6D8" box="[1536,1651,2377,2398]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">Phaner pale</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="9FE1EAA3FFE4DB5AF92CF6A6AE96F6D8" bold="true" box="[1672,1763,2377,2398]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="2396469FFFE4DB5AF948F6A6A066F6D8" box="[1772,2067,2377,2398]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">Westlicher Gabelstreifenmaki</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="9FE1EAA3FFE4DB5AF78DF6A6A0F1F6D8" bold="true" box="[2089,2180,2377,2398]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="2396469FFFE4DB5AF72AF6A6A18EF6D8" box="[2190,2555,2377,2398]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">Lémur de orejas ahorquilladas palido</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AD2A36B1FFE4DB5AFA0DF69FA0ACF603" blockId="15.[1447,2556,2322,2440]" box="[1449,2265,2416,2437]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">
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<heading id="F66281DDFFE4DB5AFA0DF69FA0ACF603" box="[1449,2265,2416,2437]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="9FE1EAA3FFE4DB5AFA0DF69FAEEAF603" bold="true" box="[1449,1695,2416,2437]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="2396469FFFE4DB5AF90DF69FAFDFF603" box="[1705,1962,2416,2437]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">Pale Fork-crowned Lemur</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="2396469FFFE4DB5AF813F69FA0ACF603" box="[1975,2265,2416,2437]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">Western Fork-marked Lemur</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E58F653AFFE4DB5AF7B4F659A151F67C" pageId="15" pageNumber="64" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="AD2A36B1FFE4DB5AF7B4F659A151F67C" blockId="15.[2064,2650,2486,2907]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="9FE1EAA3FFE4DB5AF7B4F659A0DEF655" bold="true" box="[2064,2219,2486,2515]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="6A954D32FFE4DB5AF712F659A16AF67C" ID-CoL="4FSQ8" authorityName="Groves & Tattersall" authorityYear="1991" class="Mammalia" family="Cheirogaleidae" genus="Phaner" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="15" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="furcifer" subSpecies="pallescens">Phaner furcifer pallescens Groves & Tattersall, 1991</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E58F653AFFE4DB5AF699F632A14BF5A4" pageId="15" pageNumber="64" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="AD2A36B1FFE4DB5AF699F632A14BF5A4" blockId="15.[2064,2650,2486,2907]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">
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<materialsCitation id="1DFD3CECFFE4DB5AF699F632A14BF5A4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3807304315" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">Madagascar, Tabika (22°10'S, 44° 15’ FE).</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E58F653AFFE4DB5AF7B5F5C8A15DF4DD" pageId="15" pageNumber="64" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="AD2A36B1FFE4DB5AF7B5F5C8A15DF4DD" blockId="15.[2064,2650,2486,2907]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">There is an apparently distinct population from the far south, known only from field observations. In addition, the single available museum specimen from Soalala differs from those from further south, being larger in size and with a shorter tail (i.e. equal to the length of the head-body length). Monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E58F653AFFE4DB5AFA0EF489A25BF42D" pageId="15" pageNumber="64" type="distribution">
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<caption id="F9EA6639FFE4DB5AFA0EF489A25BF42D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6639212" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6639212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6639212/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="64" targetBox="[1452,2032,2497,2903]" targetPageId="15">
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<paragraph id="AD2A36B1FFE4DB5AFA0EF489A25BF42D" blockId="15.[1450,2653,2918,3458]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="9FE1EAA3FFE4DB5AFA0EF489AE2CF405" bold="true" box="[1450,1625,2918,2947]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">Distribution.</emphasis>
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W & SW Madagascar along a narrow strip of forests from the latitude of Toliara just S of the Fiherenana River (including Mikea Forest), N as far as Soalala.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E58F653AFFE4DB5AFA0EF45FAF22F338" pageId="15" pageNumber="64" type="description">
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<paragraph id="AD2A36B1FFE4DB5AFA0EF45FAF22F338" blockId="15.[1450,2653,2918,3458]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="9FE1EAA3FFE4DB5AFA0EF45FAED6F457" bold="true" box="[1450,1699,2992,3025]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 23-29 cm, tail 29-37 cm; weight 333 g. The Pale Forkmarked
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<taxonomicName id="6A954D32FFE4DB5AF984F437AE0AF47F" box="[1568,1663,3032,3065]" class="Mammalia" family="Lemuridae" genus="Lemur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="15" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lemur</taxonomicName>
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is the palest and possibly the smallest of the fork-marked lemurs. It is also notable for its broad muzzle and small teeth. Upper body is a light fawnish-gray with a silvery sheen, and the underside is whitish to pale yellowish. The crown fork and dorsal midline stripe are poorly defined, although the stripe does reach the rump. The tail itself is darkened for one-half to three-quarters ofits terminal length. Hands and feet are only slightly darkened.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E58F653AFFE4DB5AFA0EF32CA17FF28A" pageId="15" pageNumber="64" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="AD2A36B1FFE4DB5AFA0EF32CA17FF28A" blockId="15.[1450,2653,2918,3458]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="9FE1EAA3FFE4DB5AFA0EF32CAE6CF362" bold="true" box="[1450,1561,3267,3300]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Secondary lowland tropical dry deciduous forest from sea level to 800 m. The Pale Fork-marked
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<taxonomicName id="6A954D32FFE4DB5AF909F300AF79F28A" box="[1709,1804,3311,3340]" class="Mammalia" family="Lemuridae" genus="Lemur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="15" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lemur</taxonomicName>
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can adapt to exotic tree plantations.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E58F653AFFE4DB45FA0FF2FDACD7FEE3" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="15" pageNumber="64" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="AD2A36B1FFE4DB45FA0FF2FDACD7FEE3" blockId="15.[1450,2653,2918,3458]" lastBlockId="16.[94,1303,284,2168]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="9FE1EAA3FFE4DB5AFA0FF2FDAECCF2B5" bold="true" box="[1451,1721,3346,3379]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Pale Fork-marked
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<taxonomicName id="6A954D32FFE4DB5AF7B8F2FDA00EF2B5" box="[2076,2171,3346,3379]" class="Mammalia" family="Lemuridae" genus="Lemur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="15" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lemur</taxonomicName>
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has an unusual diet with a high percentage of tree exudates. At Kirindy Forest, most of the exudates eaten come from two species of
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<taxonomicName id="6A954D32FFE4DB5AF9DCF28AAF9EF204" box="[1656,2027,3429,3458]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="15" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Terminalia (Combretaceae)</taxonomicName>
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trees. Apparently, this food provides a good source of protein, to the point where invertebrate prey is not sought to the same degree that it is by other cheirogaleids. Females dominate males at feeding sites.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E58F653AFFFBDB45FFC6FE80AB46FD40" pageId="16" pageNumber="65" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="AD2A36B1FFFBDB45FFC6FE80AB46FD40" blockId="16.[94,1303,284,2168]" pageId="16" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="9FE1EAA3FFFBDB45FFC6FE80A892FE0A" bold="true" box="[98,231,367,396]" pageId="16" pageNumber="65">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Reproduction of the Pale Fork-marked Lemuris highly seasonal and limited to a few weeks per year. Mating occurs in October-November (although early studies of reproductive behavior of species of
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<taxonomicName id="6A954D32FFFBDB45FD20FE55AA97FE5D" box="[644,738,442,475]" class="Mammalia" family="Cheirogaleidae" genus="Phaner" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="16" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Phaner</taxonomicName>
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suggest a much earlier onset of mating activities). One offspring is born from late January to early March. Reproductive rates are low, with an average of only 0-3 offspring/female/year. A study on paternity in Kirindy Forest showed that four of seven offspring were likely sired by extrapair males. Both sexes seem to play an active role in obtaining extrapair copulations. Generally, fork-marked lemurs have been reported to carry their young around, with the infants clinging to their mother’s fur during active periods.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E58F653AFFFBDB45FFFBFD22AC72FBC9" pageId="16" pageNumber="65" type="activity">
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<paragraph id="AD2A36B1FFFBDB45FFFBFD22AC72FBC9" blockId="16.[94,1303,284,2168]" pageId="16" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="9FE1EAA3FFFBDB45FFFBFD22A93EFD68" bold="true" box="[95,331,717,750]" pageId="16" pageNumber="65">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The Pale Fork-marked
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<taxonomicName id="6A954D32FFFBDB45FD3BFD22AA8BFD68" box="[671,766,717,750]" class="Mammalia" family="Lemuridae" genus="Lemur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="16" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lemur</taxonomicName>
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is nocturnal and arboreal. In Kirindy Forest, it spends daylight hours in tree holes of dead or live trees or in leaf nests constructed by the sympatric giant mouse lemurs (
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<taxonomicName id="6A954D32FFFBDB45FD50FCF4AB3DFCBA" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" box="[756,840,795,828]" class="Mammalia" family="Cheirogaleidae" genus="Mirza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="16" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Mirza</taxonomicName>
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). To avoid competition with other nocturnal lemurs, the Pale Fork-marked
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<taxonomicName id="6A954D32FFFBDB45FD75FCACAB45FCE2" box="[721,816,835,868]" class="Mammalia" family="Lemuridae" genus="Lemur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="16" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lemur</taxonomicName>
|
||
tends to use the highest sleeping sites. Individuals either sleep alone or in pairs, with pair partners sharing the same sleeping site about every third day. Adult Pale Fork-marked Lemurs used 8-38 different sleeping sites during a 20-month study in Kirindy Forest. When pair partners were not sleeping in the same tree hole, their individual sleeping sites were an average of 101 m apart. Individuals generally leave their sleeping sites just before dusk, and they are most active (including vocalizing) in the first hour after sunset.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E58F653AFFFBDB45FFC4FBBAAB71F986" pageId="16" pageNumber="65" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD2A36B1FFFBDB45FFC4FBBAAB71F986" blockId="16.[94,1303,284,2168]" pageId="16" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FE1EAA3FFFBDB45FFC4FBBAAB63FBF0" bold="true" box="[96,790,1109,1142]" pageId="16" pageNumber="65">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Pale Fork-marked
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A954D32FFFBDB45FBC6FBBAACB4FBF0" box="[1122,1217,1109,1142]" class="Mammalia" family="Lemuridae" genus="Lemur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="16" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lemur</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the best studied of the four species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A954D32FFFBDB45FDF6FB6EAAD8FB18" box="[594,685,1153,1182]" class="Mammalia" family="Cheirogaleidae" genus="Phaner" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="16" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Phaner</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Family groups, consisting of an adult pair and their offspring, occupy and defend well-defined stable territories of 3-10 ha, but adults only spend about 20% of their time less than 25 m from each other when not sleeping. Pair partners are an average of 100 m from each other, which seems to be a strategy to avoid competition while feeding. Females tend to be dominant in contacts with strange males from neighboring groups. Social grooming occurs between males, females, and juveniles. Individuals engage in social grooming face-to-face, often while hanging upside-down. Density estimates derived from studies in the Kirindy Forest and Marosalaza are similar at ¢.50-70 ind/km?, but higher densities of 300-400 ind/km? have been estimated in the forests of Tsimembo.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E58F653AFFFBDB45FFC4F9E8ACF1F85E" pageId="16" pageNumber="65" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD2A36B1FFFBDB45FFC4F9E8ACF1F85E" blockId="16.[94,1303,284,2168]" pageId="16" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FE1EAA3FFFBDB45FFC4F9E8A9C9F9AE" bold="true" box="[96,444,1543,1576]" pageId="16" pageNumber="65">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix I. Classified as Least Concern on The [UCN Red List. However, at the IUCN/SSC
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A954D32FFFBDB45FDC8F9C1AC7BF9C9" authority="Red-Listing Workshop" authorityName="Red-Listing Workshop" box="[620,1038,1582,1615]" class="Mammalia" family="Lemuridae" genus="Lemur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="16" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lemur Red-Listing Workshop</taxonomicName>
|
||
held in July 2012, the Pale Fork-marked
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A954D32FFFBDB45FE3EF9BAA98CF9F0" box="[410,505,1621,1654]" class="Mammalia" family="Lemuridae" genus="Lemur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="16" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lemur</taxonomicName>
|
||
was assessed as endangered due to an ongoing and predicted population decline of more than 50% over 10 years. The Pale Fork-marked
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A954D32FFFBDB45FB43F992A8E9F943" class="Mammalia" family="Lemuridae" genus="Lemur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="16" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lemur</taxonomicName>
|
||
is threatened mainly by habitat loss due to illegal logging, annual burning to create pasture, and slash-and-burn agriculture. It is reported to occur in three national parks (Tsingy de Bemaraha, Tsingy de Namoroka, and Zombitse-Vohibasia) and Andranomena Special Reserve. It also is found in Kirindy Forest (part of the Menabe-Antimena Protected Area), Tsimembo Classified Forest, and possibly Andohahela National Park. With regard to the latter location, fork-marked lemurs have been recorded calling in and around Parcel 2 of Andohahela National Park, but it is not known whether the form in question is the Pale Fork-marked
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A954D32FFFBDB45FD0EF858AB7CF85E" box="[682,777,1975,2008]" class="Mammalia" family="Lemuridae" genus="Lemur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="16" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lemur</taxonomicName>
|
||
or an undescribed species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E58F653AFFFBDB45FFC4F804AAD7F7F0" pageId="16" pageNumber="65" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD2A36B1FFFBDB45FFC4F804AAD7F7F0" blockId="16.[94,1303,284,2168]" pageId="16" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FE1EAA3FFFBDB45FFC4F804A88FF786" bold="true" box="[96,250,2027,2048]" pageId="16" pageNumber="65">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Ausilio & Raveloarinoro (1993), Charles-Dominique & Petter (1980), Feistner & Schmid (1999), Ganzhorn & Randriamanalina (2004), Goodman (2003), Groves (2001), Groves & Tattersall (1991), Hladik et al. (1980), Kappeler (2003), Mittermeier et al. (2010), Petter el al. (1971, 1975), Rasoloarison et al. (1995), Schulke (2003a), Schulke & Kappeler (2003), Tattersall (1982).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |