386 lines
46 KiB
XML
386 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document id="03785B4BE8075444449ABC13C4B32D0F" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.195174" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3c5a1ed7-3a3f-463e-99ed-37f46cb72ee8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="195174" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460224063369" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mironov, Alexandr N. & Pawson, David L." docDate="2010" docId="03D98500FFC4FFCD55DCFBA012FF629E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02449p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2449" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Septocrinidae Mironov 2000" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="FFE0FD78FFC5FFCF554BFF8F1342676C" masterDocTitle="A new genus and species of Western Atlantic sea lily in the family Septocrinidae (Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Bourgueticrinida)" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1698238020090" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="3BBC135838B9F840E0A4B208C0B0DF33" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E827110C8D5640542F1EACC282E83043">
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<mods:title id="602AC248E6685B287293F2614B12FD70">A new genus and species of Western Atlantic sea lily in the family Septocrinidae (Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Bourgueticrinida)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C4CE75F516D976D14325602B89A1893A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="80448809B66508D01658643935121FE6">Mironov, Alexandr N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="F3C9EDC4FDC7A234C35FC65FF3C36CFD" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E0A1C194ABFFF3712DCA2B75A8691410">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E07E0F49957893B90BCD8411658D1B42">Pawson, David L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EF9E7524E4B0A9E07C04F9D5E502FF0E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E257B3174CD480C4F10C9F3D06B12739">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="037615E307C48CA21F29E2B2789E7916">
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<mods:date id="44F713DBF64778AC6BFBCE64477B1E60">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="A2FF0C7ABB3077D9DE906B0FFA439846" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2CD09B4CC7339DD01652564C153A74A7">2449</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B64150940F64D81D9BEFA9B2289C73EF">49</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="2F8AEA98DA889B1AD8B25A3CDAB5BB1A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="FCD1E0910557B0310D00C9D42AF6A3E9" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.195174</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="803618C8352476C724D04486A64A4308" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3ADA5D982EA2FDA0E1D7AAAA54D0AF4C" type="Zenodo-Dep">195174</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D98500FFC4FFCD55DCFBA012FF629E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5694227" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119385828" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5694227" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D98500FFC4FFCD55DCFBA012FF629E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D98500FFC4FFCD55DCFBA012FF629E" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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<subSubSection id="C36A679DFFC4FFCE55DCFBA0111C6325" box="[151,606,1071,1097]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCF3416FFC4FFCE55DCFBA0111C6325" blockId="1.[151,606,1071,1097]" box="[151,606,1071,1097]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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<heading id="D087837AFFC4FFCE55DCFBA0111C6325" bold="true" box="[151,606,1071,1097]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B904E804FFC4FFCE55DCFBA0111C6325" bold="true" box="[151,606,1071,1097]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC4FFCE55BDFBA0111C6325" ID-CoL="8FV8M" authority="Mironov, 2000" authorityName="Mironov" authorityYear="2000" box="[246,606,1071,1097]" class="Crinoidea" family="Septocrinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">
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Septocrinidae
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE149E7FFC4FFCE54E1FBA0111C6325" author="Mironov" box="[426,606,1071,1097]" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" refString="Mironov, A. N. (2000) New taxa of the stalked crinoids of the suborder Bourgueticrinina. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 79 (6), 712 - 728 (In Russian, English abstract)." type="journal article" year="2000">Mironov, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36A679DFFC4FFCE55DCFBF816346140" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BCF3416FFC4FFCE55DCFBF810AE616B" blockId="1.[151,1437,1143,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="B904E804FFC4FFCE55DCFBF8125E63FD" bold="true" box="[151,284,1143,1169]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Aboral cup inverted conical, much broader than high. All sutures between basals and radials conspicuous. Basal and radial circlets almost equal in height or radials higher than basals. Tegmen not inflated, with prominent anal sac. IBr1+2 ax, primibrachials without inner knobby processes. Maximum number of consecutive muscular articulations in free arms from 6 to16; brachial pair IIBr1+2 united by transverse synathry (not known for
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<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC4FFCE571BFA8211B2624A" box="[592,752,1293,1318]" class="Crinoidea" family="Septocrinidae" genus="Zeuctocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B904E804FFC4FFCE571BFA8211B2624A" box="[592,752,1293,1318]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Zeuctocrinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); beyond IIBr2, flat and smooth synostoses, the first at IIBr3+4, the second usually from 7+8 to 9+10 (7+8 to 13+
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<quantity id="4C8899F3FFC4FFCE561DFABD10D16220" box="[854,915,1330,1356]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.556" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" unit="in" value="14.0">14 in</quantity>
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<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC4FFCE56D0FABC17686220" box="[923,1066,1331,1356]" class="Crinoidea" family="Septocrinidae" genus="Rouxicrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B904E804FFC4FFCE56D0FABC17686220" box="[923,1066,1331,1356]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Rouxicrinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), the others irregularly placed. First pinnule on Br6 to Br12. Pinnules without cover plates, lateral plates and x-like spicules on tube-feet; ambulacral grooves with two rows of curved rod-like spicules and sacculi; pinnulars crescentic in crosssection (not V-shaped). Proximal pinnules free, not attached to tegmen. Discoid proximal columnals single to numerous, proximalmost columnals one-pieced or compound. Distal synathries circular to ovoid with irregular relief on fulcral ridge. Distal stalk attachment by root-like radix
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCF3416FFC4FFCE558DF99D16346140" blockId="1.[151,1437,1143,2028]" box="[198,1398,1554,1580]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="B904E804FFC4FFCE558DF99D12E06140" bold="true" box="[198,418,1554,1580]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Included genera:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC4FFCE54E2F99C11AE6140" authority="Mironov, 2000" authorityName="Mironov" authorityYear="2000" box="[425,748,1554,1580]" class="Crinoidea" family="Septocrinidae" genus="Septocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B904E804FFC4FFCE54E2F99C11766140" box="[425,564,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Septocrinus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE149E7FFC4FFCE5770F99D11AE6140" author="Mironov" box="[571,748,1554,1580]" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" refString="Mironov, A. N. (2000) New taxa of the stalked crinoids of the suborder Bourgueticrinina. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 79 (6), 712 - 728 (In Russian, English abstract)." type="journal article" year="2000">Mironov, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC4FFCE57BCF99C17286140" authority="A.M. Clark, 1973" authorityName="A.M. Clark" authorityYear="1973" box="[759,1130,1554,1580]" class="Crinoidea" family="Septocrinidae" genus="Zeuctocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B904E804FFC4FFCE57BCF99C10D26140" box="[759,912,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Zeuctocrinus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE149E7FFC4FFCE56D3F99D17286140" author="Clark" box="[920,1130,1554,1580]" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" refString="Clark, A. M. (1973) Some new taxa of recent stalked Crinoidea. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 25 (7), 267 - 288." type="journal article" year="1973">A.M. Clark, 1973</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC4FFCE513DF99C16416140" box="[1142,1283,1555,1580]" class="Crinoidea" family="Septocrinidae" genus="Rouxicrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B904E804FFC4FFCE513DF99C16416140" box="[1142,1283,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Rouxicrinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237557FFFC4FFCE5040F99D16346140" box="[1291,1398,1554,1580]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36A679DFFC4FFCD558DF9B8162965FB" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BCF3416FFC4FFCE558DF9B813A161AE" blockId="1.[151,1437,1143,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="B904E804FFC4FFCE558DF9B81200613D" bold="true" box="[198,322,1591,1617]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Remarks:</emphasis>
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The following features have been used as the main diagnostic characters for
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<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC4FFCE5190F9B71624613D" box="[1243,1382,1592,1617]" class="Crinoidea" family="Septocrinidae" genus="Septocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B904E804FFC4FFCE5190F9B71624613D" box="[1243,1382,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Septocrinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(the main differences from
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<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC4FFCE54E9F9D211D3611A" box="[418,657,1629,1654]" class="Crinoidea" family="Septocrinidae" genus="Zeuctocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gisleni">
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<emphasis id="B904E804FFC4FFCE54E9F9D211D3611A" box="[418,657,1629,1654]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Zeuctocrinus gisleni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC4FFCE5781F9D2101A611A" box="[714,856,1629,1654]" class="Crinoidea" family="Septocrinidae" genus="Zeuctocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spiculifer">
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<emphasis id="B904E804FFC4FFCE5781F9D2101A611A" box="[714,856,1629,1654]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Z. spiculifer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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): (1) high distal interradial projections of radials, (2) long median prolongation in IBr2 and (3) compound structure of most proximal columnals (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE149E7FFC4FFCE5060F90D139561AE" author="Mironov" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" refString="Mironov, A. N. (2000) New taxa of the stalked crinoids of the suborder Bourgueticrinina. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 79 (6), 712 - 728 (In Russian, English abstract)." type="journal article" year="2000">Mironov, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCF3416FFC4FFCE558FF94210706080" blockId="1.[151,1437,1143,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">
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Extant ten-armed
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<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC4FFCE54DDF942111E618B" box="[406,604,1741,1767]" class="Crinoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bourgueticrinida" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Bourgueticrinida</taxonomicName>
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exhibit six
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<typeStatus id="54CB8AB4FFC4FFCE57AEF9421061618B" box="[741,803,1741,1767]" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">types</typeStatus>
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of pinnule structure (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE149E7FFC4FFCE5154F9421796618B" author="Mironov" box="[1055,1236,1741,1767]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" refString="Mironov, A. N. (2008, printed in 2009) Stalked crinoids of the family Bathycrinidae (Echinodermata) from the eastern Pacific. Invertebrate Zoology, 5 (2): 133 - 153." type="journal article" year="2008">Mironov, 2008</bibRefCitation>
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), one of which is unique to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC4FFCE547CF97D129E6060" box="[311,476,1778,1804]" class="Crinoidea" family="Septocrinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Septocrinidae</taxonomicName>
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. However, pinnule form and structure in
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<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC4FFCE56F7F97D171F6060" box="[956,1117,1778,1804]" class="Crinoidea" family="Septocrinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Septocrinidae</taxonomicName>
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is closely similar to that of some comatulids, for example
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<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC4FFCE574FF89711FC605D" box="[516,702,1816,1841]" class="Crinoidea" family="Antedonidae" genus="Antedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenella">
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<emphasis id="B904E804FFC4FFCE574FF89711FC605D" box="[516,702,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Antedon tenella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC4FFCE5785F8971076605D" box="[718,820,1816,1841]" class="Crinoidea" family="Antedonidae" genus="Antedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bifida">
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<emphasis id="B904E804FFC4FFCE5785F8971076605D" box="[718,820,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">A. bifida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE149E7FFC4FFCE5607F897173C605E" author="Grieg" box="[844,1150,1816,1842]" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" refString="Grieg, J. A. (1903) Echinodermen von dem norwegischen Fischereidampfer " Michael Sars " in den Jahren 1900 - 1903 gesammelt. II. Crinoidea. Bergens Museum Aarborg, 5, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1903">Grieg, 1903, figs. 3A, 3C</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC4FFCE51DEF89716D6605D" box="[1173,1428,1816,1841]" class="Crinoidea" family="Antedonidae" genus="Trichometra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cubensis">
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<emphasis id="B904E804FFC4FFCE51DEF89716D6605D" box="[1173,1428,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Trichometra cubensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC4FFCE55DCF8B212D8603A" box="[151,410,1853,1878]" class="Crinoidea" family="Antedonidae" genus="Hypalometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="defecta">
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<emphasis id="B904E804FFC4FFCE55DCF8B212D8603A" box="[151,410,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Hypalometra defecta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC4FFCE54E1F8B211E8603A" box="[426,682,1853,1878]" class="Crinoidea" family="Antedonidae" genus="Hathrometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="prolixa">
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<emphasis id="B904E804FFC4FFCE54E1F8B211E8603A" box="[426,682,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Hathrometra prolixa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE149E7FFC4FFCE57F7F8B217D3603B" author="Clark" box="[700,1169,1853,1879]" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" refString="Clark, A. H. (1921) A monograph of the existing crinoids. 1. The comatulids, Part 2. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 82 (2), 1 - 795." type="journal article" year="1921">A.H. Clark, 1921, figs. 766, 768, 775</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC4FFCE51ECF8B216D6603A" box="[1191,1428,1853,1878]" class="Crinoidea" family="Antedonidae" genus="Phrixometra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nutrix">
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<emphasis id="B904E804FFC4FFCE51ECF8B216D6603A" box="[1191,1428,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Phrixometra nutrix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC4FFCE55DCF8EC122C6010" box="[151,366,1891,1916]" class="Crinoidea" family="Antedonidae" genus="Isometra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vivipara">
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<emphasis id="B904E804FFC4FFCE55DCF8EC122C6010" box="[151,366,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Isometra vivipara</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC4FFCE5435F8EC11566010" box="[382,532,1891,1916]" class="Crinoidea" family="Antedonidae" genus="Isometra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="flavescens">
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC4FFCE5435F8EC11566010" box="[382,532,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">I. flavescens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE149E7FFC4FFCE576FF8ED10296010" author="John" box="[548,875,1890,1916]" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" refString="John, D. D. (1938) Crinoidea. Discovery Reports, 18, 121 - 222." type="journal article" year="1938">John, 1938, figs.11, 15, 16</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). These comatulid species and septocrinids all have pinnulars crescentic in cross section, with rod-like spicules, and sacculi in the ambulacral grooves. Cover (ambulacral) and x-like tube feet plates are common in living
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC4FFCE563FF822175A60AB" box="[884,1048,1965,1991]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bourgueticrinida" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Bathycrinidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
(cover plates are lacking only in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC4FFCE55DCF85C12B06080" authority="Mironov, 2008" authorityName="Mironov" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,498,2002,2028]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" genus="Discolocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="1" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC4FFCE55DCF85C12796080" box="[151,315,2003,2028]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="50">Discolocrinus</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE149E7FFC4FFCE5408F85D12B06080" author="Mironov" box="[323,498,2002,2028]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" refString="Mironov, A. N. (2008, printed in 2009) Stalked crinoids of the family Bathycrinidae (Echinodermata) from the eastern Pacific. Invertebrate Zoology, 5 (2): 133 - 153." type="journal article" year="2008">Mironov, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) are absent in septocrinids.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BCF3416FFC7FFCD558DFF17162965FB" blockId="2.[151,1438,152,1522]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
|
|
Distolateral corners of adjacent RR in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD5781FF17109F67DD" box="[714,989,152,177]" class="Crinoidea" family="Septocrinidae" genus="Septocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="disjunctus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD5781FF17109F67DD" box="[714,989,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Septocrinus disjunctus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
form narrow triangular interradial projections separating bases of adjacent rays (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE149E7FFC7FFCD57FAFF32108767BA" author="Mironov" box="[689,965,189,215]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Mironov, A. N. (2000) New taxa of the stalked crinoids of the suborder Bourgueticrinina. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 79 (6), 712 - 728 (In Russian, English abstract)." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
|
Mironov, 2000, fig. 7.
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD56FDFF32108767BA" box="[950,965,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">4</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The long interradial projections of the radials are known also in many comatulids and some extinct cyrtocrinids (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD513EFF6D16DB6790" authority="Jaekel" authorityName="Jaekel" box="[1141,1433,226,252]" class="Crinoidea" family="Phyllocrinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Millericrinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Phyllocrinidae Jaekel</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD55DCFE871293664E" authority="Roemer" authorityName="Roemer" box="[151,465,264,290]" class="Crinoidea" family="Eugeniacrinitidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Millericrinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Eugeniacrinitidae Roemer</taxonomicName>
|
|
, Nerocrinidae Manni and Nicosia). The interradial ridges have wide intraspecific variation in the Eocene genus
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD575AFEA211EC662A" box="[529,686,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Tormocrinus</emphasis>
|
|
Jaekel, and they are weakly developed in fossil
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD5046FEA211406600" authority="Orbigny" authorityName="Orbigny" class="Crinoidea" family="Rhizocrinidae" genus="Conocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD5046FEA216DF662A" box="[1293,1437,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Conocrinus</emphasis>
|
|
Orbigny (Bourgueticrinidae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE149E7FFC7FFCD575FFEDD11ED6600" author="Roux" box="[532,687,338,364]" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Roux M. (1978) Les Crinoides pedoncules (Echinodermes) du genre Conocrinus provenant de l'Eocene des environs de Biarritz. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences de Paris, ser. D, 286, 265 - 268." type="journal article" year="1978">Roux, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Another unusual feature in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD516FFEDD17F86607" box="[1060,1210,338,363]" class="Crinoidea" family="Septocrinidae" genus="Septocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD516FFEDD17F86607" box="[1060,1210,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Septocrinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a large median prolongation of IBr2ax, located between the two following elements. Similar prolongation of IBr2ax is known also in some extinct cyrtocrinids (
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD577CFE1211B566DA" box="[567,759,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Eugeniacrinites</emphasis>
|
|
Miller,
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD5610FE12174366DA" box="[859,1025,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Lonchocrinus</emphasis>
|
|
Jaekel). The compound proximal columnals is a stable feature of
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD575FFE4D106A66B7" box="[532,808,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD575FFE4D106666B7" box="[532,804,450,475]" class="Crinoidea" family="Septocrinidae" genus="Septocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="disjunctus">Septocrinus disjunctus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
being well developed in all three known specimens. Fragmentation of the proximal columnals is otherwise unknown in the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD56A5FE6717F9656E" box="[1006,1211,488,514]" class="Crinoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bourgueticrinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Bourgueticrinida</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but is particularly well developed in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD54C9FD82179C654B" authority="Mironov and Sorokina" authorityName="Mironov and Sorokina" box="[386,1246,525,551]" class="Crinoidea" family="Guillecrinidae" genus="Vityazicrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="petrachenkoi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD54C9FD821196654A" box="[386,724,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Vityazicrinus petrachenkoi</emphasis>
|
|
Mironov and Sorokina (Vityazicrinidae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD51A7FD8212D26520" authority="Bather" authorityName="Bather" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Dumetocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Millericrinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD51A7FD8212636527" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Dumetocrinus antarcticus</emphasis>
|
|
(Bather)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD5485FDBD17ED6520" authority="Mironov and Sorokina" authorityName="Mironov and Sorokina" box="[462,1199,562,588]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Feracrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Millericrinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD5485FDBD11976527" box="[462,725,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Feracrinus aculeatus</emphasis>
|
|
Mironov and Sorokina (Hyocrinidae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The proxisteles of
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD55DCFDD711DB651D" box="[151,665,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD55DCFDD7126E651D" box="[151,300,600,625]" class="Crinoidea" family="Septocrinidae" genus="Septocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Septocrinus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD5472FDD7129F651D" box="[313,477,600,625]" class="Crinoidea" family="Guillecrinidae" genus="Vityazicrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Vityazicrinus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD54A0FDD711DB651D" box="[491,665,600,625]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Dumetocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Millericrinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Dumetocrinus</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD579DFDD7101D651D" box="[726,863,600,625]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Feracrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Millericrinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD579DFDD7101D651D" box="[726,863,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Feracrinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
with compound proximal columnals probably resulted from long evolutionary changes (See below “Notes on ecology and morphological adaptations”).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C36A679DFFC7FFCD558DFD2D11B663CE" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BCF3416FFC7FFCD558DFD2D1787635E" blockId="2.[151,1438,152,1522]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD558DFD2D122565D0" ID-CoL="8FV8M" box="[198,359,674,700]" class="Crinoidea" family="Septocrinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Septocrinidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
also differ from the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD572AFD2D104465D0" box="[609,774,674,700]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bourgueticrinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Bathycrinidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
(sensu stricto) in the following characters: (1) no inner knobby processes on IBr ossicles (SEM micrographs of these processes in
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD5143FD47160B658D" box="[1032,1353,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
|
|
Bathycrininus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD51FFFD47160B658D" box="[1204,1353,712,737]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" genus="Bathycrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bourgueticrinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aldrichianus">aldrichianus</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
can be found in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE149E7FFC7FFCD5449FD62117F646B" author="Macurda" box="[258,573,749,775]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Macurda, D. B. & Meyer, D. L. (1976) The morphology and life habits of the abyssal crinoid Bathycrinus aldrichianus Wyville Thomson and its paleontological implications. Journal of Paleontology, 50, 647 - 667." type="journal article" year="1976">Macurda and Meyer, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, Pl. 3.
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD57DBFD6211DD646A" box="[656,671,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">5</emphasis>
|
|
and in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD57B3FD6210DF646A" box="[760,925,749,774]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" genus="Bathycrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bourgueticrinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mendeleevi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD57B3FD6210DF646A" box="[760,925,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">B. mendeleevi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE149E7FFC7FFCD5680FD62173F646B" author="Mironov" box="[971,1149,749,775]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Mironov, A. N. (2008, printed in 2009) Stalked crinoids of the family Bathycrinidae (Echinodermata) from the eastern Pacific. Invertebrate Zoology, 5 (2): 133 - 153." type="journal article" year="2008">Mironov, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="134B2893FFC7FFCD51C2FD6217AC646B" box="[1161,1262,749,775]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,257,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[283,1303,178,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[283,1303,176,1823]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Rouxicrinus vestitus new genus, new species, Holotype, USNM E 00042699 (A, B, D, F), and paratype, USNM E 00042707 (C, E). A, Proximal articular facet of Br 15, non-muscular joint (synostosis). B, Distal articular facet of Br 13, muscular synarthry. C, Proximal articular facet of IIBr 2, non-muscular joint with rudimentary dorsal concave areola (transverse synarthry). D, Br 12, view from exterior. E, synarthrial facet of columnal 102 (mesistele) with fulcral ridge along the smaller diameter. F, articular facet of columnal 124 (dististele) with fulcral ridge along the longer diameter. Scale: 500 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195177/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
|
C), (2) another proximal free arm pattern: from 1+2 3+4 7 to 1+2 3+4 9 (usually 1+2 3+4 5 or 1+2 4+5
|
|
<quantity id="4C8899F3FFC7FFCD51E4FC9D179F6440" box="[1199,1245,786,812]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD51AEFC9D16C96447" box="[1253,1419,786,811]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bourgueticrinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD51AEFC9D16C96447" box="[1253,1419,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Bathycrinidae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), (3) great number of consecutive muscular articulations in the distal arm, (4) almost flat and smooth synostoses beyond IIBr2 (rudimentary transverse synarthry in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD57BDFCD210C7641A" box="[758,901,861,886]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" genus="Bathycrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bourgueticrinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD57BDFCD210C7641A" box="[758,901,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Bathycrinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), (5) few discoidal columnals in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD505AFCD216DE641A" ID-CoL="8FZZ4" box="[1297,1436,861,886]" class="Crinoidea" family="Septocrinidae" genus="Septocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD505AFCD216DE641A" box="[1297,1436,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Septocrinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and largest
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD5462FC0D128E64F7" ID-CoL="8G254" box="[297,460,898,923]" class="Crinoidea" family="Septocrinidae" genus="Zeuctocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD5462FC0D128E64F7" box="[297,460,898,923]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Zeuctocrinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(but about
|
|
<quantity id="4C8899F3FFC7FFCD5714FC0D11DD64F0" box="[607,671,898,924]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" unit="in" value="10.0">10 in</quantity>
|
|
the smallest
|
|
<typeStatus id="54CB8AB4FFC7FFCD560CFC0D10F164F0" box="[839,947,898,924]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
|
of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD5695FC0D171664F7" ID-CoL="8GLXL" box="[990,1108,898,923]" class="Crinoidea" family="Septocrinidae" genus="Zeuctocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gisleni">
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD5695FC0D171664F7" box="[990,1108,898,923]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Z. gisleni</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and more than 30 discoid columnals in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD547EFC27128064AD" ID-CoL="8FZYC" box="[309,450,936,961]" class="Crinoidea" family="Septocrinidae" genus="Rouxicrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD547EFC27128064AD" box="[309,450,936,961]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Rouxicrinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) (usually 10 columnals or more in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD5614FC27174A64AE" box="[863,1032,936,962]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bourgueticrinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Bathycrinidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
), (6) irregular syzygial stereom on the fulcral ridge of the distal columnals (regular secondary crenularium in the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD5122FC421654648B" box="[1129,1302,973,999]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bourgueticrinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Bathycrinidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
except for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD55DCFC7D114F6360" authority="Mironov" authorityName="Mironov" box="[151,525,1010,1036]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" genus="Bathycrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bourgueticrinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="volubilis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD55DCFC7D12DB6367" box="[151,409,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Bathycrinus volubilis</emphasis>
|
|
Mironov
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD5752FC7D10C26360" ID-CoL="8G7JQ" authority="Mironov" authorityName="Mironov" box="[537,896,1010,1036]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" genus="Discolocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="thieli">
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD5752FC7D10486367" box="[537,778,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Discolocrinus thieli</emphasis>
|
|
Mironov
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), (7) dense arrangement of Ps: when viewed from the side, every second or third Br bearing a P (P on every fourth Br in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD5144FB9717FB635E" box="[1039,1209,1048,1074]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bourgueticrinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Bathycrinidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BCF3416FFC7FFCD558DFBB211B663CE" blockId="2.[151,1438,152,1522]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD558DFBB21225633B" ID-CoL="8FV8M" box="[198,359,1085,1111]" class="Crinoidea" family="Septocrinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Septocrinidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
differ from the ten-armed
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD57FCFBB2170F633B" ID-CoL="8FW6H" authority="Avocat and Roux" authorityName="Avocat and Roux" box="[695,1101,1085,1111]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" genus="Caledonicrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD57FCFBB2102E633A" box="[695,876,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Caledonicrinus</emphasis>
|
|
Avocat and Roux
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD51C4FBB213986310" authority="A.H. Clark" authorityName="A.H. Clark" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" genus="Naumachocrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bourgueticrinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD51C4FBB21615633A" box="[1167,1367,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Naumachocrinus</emphasis>
|
|
A.H. Clark
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in having developed BB and radix, more distal position of P1, and in lacking cover and side plates (pinnule structure not known for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD5750FB0711A163CD" box="[539,739,1160,1185]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" genus="Naumachocrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bourgueticrinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD5750FB0711A163CD" box="[539,739,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Naumachocrinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C36A679DFFC7FFCD558DFB2212FF629E" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BCF3416FFC7FFCD558DFB2212FF629E" blockId="2.[151,1438,152,1522]" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">
|
|
Among the crinoids with five unbranched arms (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD5636FB22173063AB" authority="Perrier" authorityName="Perrier" box="[893,1138,1197,1223]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" genus="Democrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bourgueticrinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD5636FB22174E63AA" box="[893,1036,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Democrinus</emphasis>
|
|
Perrier
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD51D8FB2216D663AB" authority="Orbigny" authorityName="Orbigny" box="[1171,1428,1197,1223]" class="Crinoidea" family="Rhizocrinidae" genus="Conocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD51D8FB22165E63AA" box="[1171,1308,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Conocrinus</emphasis>
|
|
Orbigny
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD55DCFB5C12ED6380" authority="Gislen" authorityName="Gislen" box="[151,431,1234,1260]" class="Crinoidea" family="Phrynocrinidae" genus="Porphyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD55DCFB5C12146380" box="[151,342,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Porphyrocrinus</emphasis>
|
|
Gislén
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) and with arms branched beyond IBr2 (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD56D2FB5C178F6380" authority="A.H. Clark" authorityName="A.H. Clark" box="[921,1229,1234,1260]" class="Crinoidea" family="Phrynocrinidae" genus="Phrynocrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Millericrinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD56D2FB5C177C6380" box="[921,1086,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Phrynocrinus</emphasis>
|
|
A.H. Clark
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD5196FB5C1213627E" authority="Roux" authorityName="Roux" class="Crinoidea" family="Phrynocrinidae" genus="Porphyrocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="thalassae">
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD5196FB5C1245627D" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Porphyrocrinus thalassae</emphasis>
|
|
Roux
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD543AFB771150627D" box="[369,530,1272,1297]" class="Crinoidea" family="Phrynocrinidae" genus="Phrynocrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Millericrinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD543AFB771150627D" box="[369,530,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Phrynocrinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
shares several features with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD5620FB7710B5627D" box="[875,1015,1272,1297]" class="Crinoidea" family="Septocrinidae" genus="Septocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD5620FB7710B5627D" box="[875,1015,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Septocrinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD5179FB77178F627D" box="[1074,1229,1272,1297]" class="Crinoidea" family="Septocrinidae" genus="Zeuctocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD5179FB77178F627D" box="[1074,1229,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Zeuctocrinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. All three genera have rod-like spicules in the ambulacral grooves, an oblique fulcral ridge on the muscular brachial articulations, almost smooth non-muscular brachial articulations (synostoses), and proxistele absent or with a few discoidal columnals. However
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C704F95FFC7FFCD5777FAE7119F62ED" box="[572,733,1384,1409]" class="Crinoidea" family="Phrynocrinidae" genus="Phrynocrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Millericrinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD5777FAE7119F62ED" box="[572,733,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">Phrynocrinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
differs significantly from septocrinids also in possessing a lobed stalk attachment disk, strongly inflated tegmen, and very long proximal pinnules attached by thick bases to the tegmen (A.H
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE149E7FFC7FFCD54C3FA3D115B62A0" author="Clark" box="[392,537,1458,1484]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Clark, A. H. (1907) Two new crinoids from the North Pacific Ocean. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 32 (1543), 507 - 512." type="journal article" year="1907">Clark, 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE149E7FFC7FFCD576DFA3D11BC62A0" author="Clark" box="[550,766,1458,1484]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Clark, A. M. (1973) Some new taxa of recent stalked Crinoidea. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 25 (7), 267 - 288." type="journal article" year="1973">A.M. Clark, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE149E7FFC7FFCD5647FA3D10BA62A0" author="Imaoka" box="[780,1016,1458,1484]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Imaoka, T., Irimura, S. Okutani, T. Oguro, C. Oji, T. & Kanazawa K. (1991) Echinoderms from continental shelf and slope around Japan. Volume 2. Japan Fisheries Resource Conservation Association, Tokyo, 203 pp." type="book" year="1991">
|
|
Imaoka
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD5626FA3C10E862A0" box="[877,938,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
, 1991
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE149E7FFC7FFCD514EFA3D160762A0" author="Donovan" box="[1029,1349,1458,1484]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Donovan, S. K. & Pawson, D. L. (1994) Skeletal morphology and paleontological significance of the stem of extant Phrynocrinus nudus A. H. Clark (Echinodermata: Crinoidea). Journal of Paleontology, 68, 1336 - 1343." type="journal article" year="1994">Donovan & Pawson, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE149E7FFC7FFCD5018FA3D1397629E" author="Kogo" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Kogo, I. (1998) Crinoids from Japan and its adjacent waters. Special Publications from Osaka Museum of Natural History, 30, 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1998">Kogo, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE149E7FFC7FFCD55AAFA5712F2629E" author="Roux" box="[225,432,1496,1522]" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Roux, M., Messing, C. G. & Ameziane, N. (2002) Artificial keys to the genera of living stalked crinoids (Echinodermata). Bulletin of Marine Science, 70 (3), 799 - 830." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
|
Roux
|
|
<emphasis id="B904E804FFC7FFCD5463FA571220629D" box="[296,354,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
, 2002
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |