371 lines
41 KiB
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371 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document id="26243951E829E5ECA95A65EE198E49BF" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3920.2.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b05da2f8-5e97-4918-97e2-ae85ac43eecf" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="287922" ID-ZooBank="8B991675-0C48-40D4-87D2-DACA524D17C2" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460996640123" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ruedi, Manuel, Csorba, Gábor, Lin, Liang- Kong & Chou, Cheng-Han" docDate="2015" docId="03BB87963D6E5D27A8EBF477129AFD31" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03920p342.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3920 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Myotis formosus Hodgson 1835" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="335" masterDocId="FF82FFEE3D4F5D05A87CF048127BFFDE" masterDocTitle="Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of Myotis bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Taiwan and adjacent China" masterLastPageNumber="342" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="334" updateTime="1698563058673" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D4539C67A2F7DD9788FDA61560CA48F1">
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<mods:title id="E117422B957D6250BCCED09F84909AA2">Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of Myotis bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Taiwan and adjacent China</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E5D7E0E7E82DAF0BF0C4395CB3C83359" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E2D4C2668285898F01764211E66E0B88">Ruedi, Manuel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8E627E89ED53D696ECD76376E4EBCED4">Csorba, Gábor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B85A876DCF57E17821DD887D54F25037">Lin, Liang- Kong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6150D56576DD545327E99A90B1B546C6">Chou, Cheng-Han</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="ED3C1C5B658A414C6ED5CD1728C73807">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C65F44993B7C0BC8FF92CFD7DA17B568">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="57E458F2F3D0597C20019ABDBB30EC08">3920</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03BB87963D6E5D27A8EBF477129AFD31" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860398" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119597572" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860398" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB87963D6E5D27A8EBF477129AFD31" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BB87963D6E5D27A8EBF477129AFD31" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="335" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
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<subSubSection id="C308650B3D6E5D24A8EBF4771665FB42" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAD36803D6E5D24A8EBF4771049FB84" blockId="33.[151,562,1087,1114]" box="[151,562,1087,1114]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
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<heading id="D0E581EC3D6E5D24A8EBF4771049FB84" bold="true" box="[151,562,1087,1114]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6E5D24A8EBF4771049FB84" ID-CoL="8LZT2" authority="Hodgson, 1835" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1835" box="[151,562,1087,1114]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="formosus">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A8EBF4771049FB84" bold="true" box="[151,562,1087,1114]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A8EBF4771324FB87" bold="true" box="[151,351,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Myotis formosus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D6E5D24A913F4081051FB84" author="Hodgson" box="[367,554,1088,1114]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" refString="Hodgson, B. H. (1835) Synopsis of the Vespertilionidae of Nepal. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 4, 699 - 701." type="journal article" year="1835">Hodgson, 1835</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAD36803D6E5D24A8EBF4CE1665FB42" blockId="33.[151,1436,1158,1579]" box="[151,1054,1158,1180]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A8EBF4CE1376FB42" bold="true" box="[151,269,1158,1180]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Synonymy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6E5D24A968F4CE1005FB42" authority="Hodgson, 1835" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1835" box="[276,638,1158,1180]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="formosa">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A968F4CE13A1FB42" box="[276,474,1158,1180]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Vespertilio formosa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D6E5D24A99CF4CE1005FB42" author="Hodgson" box="[480,638,1158,1180]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" refString="Hodgson, B. H. (1835) Synopsis of the Vespertilionidae of Nepal. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 4, 699 - 701." type="journal article" year="1835">Hodgson, 1835</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54A988223D6E5D24AAFBF4CF10C2FB42" box="[647,697,1159,1180]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Type</typeStatus>
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locality Kathmandu Valley,
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<collectingCountry id="F30576103D6E5D24ABA6F4CE1661FB42" box="[986,1050,1158,1180]" name="Nepal" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Nepal</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C308650B3D6E5D24A8EBF4ED1299F896" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BAD36803D6E5D24A8EBF4ED1120FB65" blockId="33.[151,1436,1158,1579]" box="[151,859,1189,1211]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6E5D24A8EBF4ED13B0FB65" authority="Blyth, 1863" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1863" box="[151,459,1189,1211]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallida">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A8EBF4ED1331FB65" box="[151,330,1189,1211]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Kerivoula pallida</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D6E5D24A92CF4ED13B0FB65" author="Blyth" box="[336,459,1189,1211]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" refString="Blyth, E. (1863) Catalogue of the Mammalia in the Museum Asiatic Society. Savielle and Cronenburgh, London, 187 pp." type="book" year="1863">Blyth, 1863</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54A988223D6E5D24A9A8F4EE107DFB65" box="[468,518,1190,1211]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Type</typeStatus>
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locality Chaibassa, Orissa,
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<collectingCountry id="F30576103D6E5D24AB5CF4ED112CFB65" box="[800,855,1189,1211]" name="India" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">India</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAD36803D6E5D24A8EBF48C11B9FB04" blockId="33.[151,1436,1158,1579]" box="[151,962,1220,1242]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6E5D24A8EBF48C1395FB04" authority="Dobson, 1871" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,494,1220,1242]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auratus">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A8EBF48C132DFB04" box="[151,342,1220,1242]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Vespertilio auratus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D6E5D24A921F48C1395FB04" author="Dobson" box="[349,494,1220,1242]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" refString="Dobson, G. E. (1871) Notes on nine new species of Indian and Indo-Chinese Vespertilionidae, with remarks on the synonymy and classification of some other species of the same family. Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1871, 210 - 215. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 1124187" type="proceedings paper" year="1871">Dobson, 1871</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54A988223D6E5D24A984F48D1051FB04" box="[504,554,1221,1242]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Type</typeStatus>
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locality Darjeeling, West Bengal,
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<collectingCountry id="F30576103D6E5D24ABFBF48C11C5FB04" box="[903,958,1220,1242]" name="India" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">India</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAD36803D6E5D24A8EBF4AA16C3FB26" blockId="33.[151,1436,1158,1579]" box="[151,1208,1250,1272]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6E5D24A8EBF4AA107EFB26" authority="Anderson, 1881" authorityName="Anderson" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,517,1250,1272]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dobsoni">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A8EBF4AA1322FB26" box="[151,345,1250,1272]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Vespertilio dobsoni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D6E5D24A91CF4AA107EFB26" author="Anderson" box="[352,517,1250,1272]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" refString="Anderson, J. (1881) Catalogue of Mammalia in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Indian Museum, Calcutta, 223 pp." type="book" year="1881">Anderson, 1881</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54A988223D6E5D24AA72F4AB103BFB26" box="[526,576,1251,1272]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Type</typeStatus>
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locality Purnia, Bihar,
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<collectingCountry id="F30576103D6E5D24AB57F4AA1119FB26" box="[811,866,1250,1272]" name="India" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">India</collectingCountry>
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. Not
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6E5D24ABE5F4AB16CFFB26" authority="Trouessart, 1878" authorityName="Trouessart" authorityYear="1878" box="[921,1204,1250,1272]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dobsoni">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24ABE5F4AB1679FB26" box="[921,1026,1250,1272]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">V. dobsoni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D6E5D24AC74F4AB16CFFB26" author="Trouessart" box="[1032,1204,1250,1272]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" refString="Trouessart, E. - L. (1878) Catalogue des mammiferes vivants et fossiles. Chiroptera. Revue et magazine de zoologie pure et appliquee, 3, 200 - 254." type="journal article" year="1878">Trouessart, 1878</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAD36803D6E5D24A8EBF549130CFAE8" blockId="33.[151,1436,1158,1579]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6E5D24A8EBF549105FFAC9" ID-CoL="86JY" authority="Andersoni Trouessart, 1897" authorityName="Andersoni Trouessart" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,548,1281,1303]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A8EBF549130AFAC9" box="[151,369,1281,1303]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Vespertilio Andersoni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D6E5D24A904F54A105FFAC9" author="Trouessart" box="[376,548,1281,1303]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" refString="Trouessart, E. - L. (1897) Catalogus mammalium tam viventium quam fossilium. Fasciculus I. - II. Friedlander and Sohn, Berlin, 1469 pp." type="book" year="1897">Trouessart, 1897</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Replacement name for
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6E5D24AB65F54916FCFAC9" authority="Anderson, 1881" authorityName="Anderson" authorityYear="1881" box="[793,1159,1281,1303]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dobsoni">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24AB65F54911A7FAC9" box="[793,988,1281,1303]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Vespertilio dobsoni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D6E5D24AB9FF54916FCFAC9" author="Anderson" box="[995,1159,1281,1303]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" refString="Anderson, J. (1881) Catalogue of Mammalia in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Indian Museum, Calcutta, 223 pp." type="book" year="1881">Anderson, 1881</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, preoccupied by
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6E5D24AD4FF54A1309FAE8" authority="Trouessart, 1878" authorityName="Trouessart" authorityYear="1878" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dobsoni">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24AD4FF54A17E7FAC9" box="[1331,1436,1281,1303]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">V. dobsoni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D6E5D24A8BBF5691309FAE8" author="Trouessart" box="[199,370,1312,1334]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" refString="Trouessart, E. - L. (1878) Catalogue des mammiferes vivants et fossiles. Chiroptera. Revue et magazine de zoologie pure et appliquee, 3, 200 - 254." type="journal article" year="1878">Trouessart, 1878</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAD36803D6E5D24A8EBF508113DFA8A" blockId="33.[151,1436,1158,1579]" box="[151,838,1342,1365]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6E5D24A8EBF50813CFFA8A" ID-CoL="8LZT2" authority="Tate 1941" authorityName="Tate" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,436,1342,1365]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="formosus">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A8EBF5081344FA8A" box="[151,319,1342,1365]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Myotis formosus</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D6E5D24A930F57713CFFA8A" author="Tate" box="[332,436,1342,1364]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" refString="Tate, G. H. (1941) A review of the genus Myotis (Chiroptera) of Eurasia, with special reference to species occurring in the East Indies. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 78, 537 - 565." type="journal article" year="1941">Tate 1941</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. First use of current name combination.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAD36803D6E5D24A8EBF5161143FAAD" blockId="33.[151,1436,1158,1579]" box="[151,824,1373,1395]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6E5D24A8EBF51613C8FAAD" ID-CoL="8LF5D" authority="Shamel, 1944" authorityName="Shamel" authorityYear="1944" box="[151,435,1373,1395]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavus">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A8EBF5161365FAAD" box="[151,286,1373,1395]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Myotis flavus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D6E5D24A959F51513C8FAAD" author="Shamel" box="[293,435,1373,1395]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" refString="Shamel, H. H. (1944) A new Myotis from Formosa. Journal of Mammalogy, 25, 191 - 192." type="journal article" year="1944">Shamel, 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<typeStatus id="54A988223D6E5D24A9C1F5161394FAAD" box="[445,495,1374,1395]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Type</typeStatus>
|
|
locality Yuanli, Miaoli,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D6E5D24AA9AF515114FFAAD" box="[742,820,1373,1395]" name="Taiwan" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D6E5D24A8EBF535115AFA4C" blockId="33.[151,1436,1158,1579]" box="[151,801,1404,1426]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6E5D24A8EBF535102BFA4C" ID-CoL="5JT6L" authority="Koopman 1994" authorityName="Koopman" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,592,1404,1426]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="formosus" subSpecies="formosus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A8EBF53513D9FA4C" box="[151,418,1404,1426]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Myotis formosus formosus</emphasis>
|
|
:
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D6E5D24A9D3F535102BFA4C" author="Koopman" box="[431,592,1404,1426]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" refString="Koopman, K. F. (1994) Chiroptera: Systematics. In: Niethammer, J., Schliemann, H. & Starck, D. (Eds.), Handbuch der Zoologie. de Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 100 - 109." type="book chapter" year="1994">Koopman 1994</bibRefCitation>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Name combination.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D6E5D24A8EBF5D31171FA6E" blockId="33.[151,1436,1158,1579]" box="[151,778,1434,1456]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6E5D24A8EBF5D31043FA6E" ID-CoL="8LF5V" authority="Lin et al. 1997" authorityName="Lin et al." authorityYear="1997" box="[151,568,1434,1456]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="formosus" subSpecies="watasei">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A8EBF5D313E9FA6E" box="[151,402,1434,1456]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Myotis formosus watasei</emphasis>
|
|
:
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D6E5D24A9DCF5D21043FA6E" author="Lin" box="[416,568,1434,1456]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" refString="Lin, L. K., Lee, L. L. & Cheng, H. C. (1997) Bats of Taiwan (1 st ed.). National Museum of Natural Sciences, Taipei, 165 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1997">
|
|
Lin
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A9B5F5D31386FA6E" box="[457,509,1434,1456]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
1997
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Name combination.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D6E5D24A8EBF5F210EDFA11" blockId="33.[151,1436,1158,1579]" box="[151,662,1465,1487]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6E5D24A8EBF5F213BFFA11" ID-CoL="8LF5D" authority="Lin et al. 2004" authorityName="Lin et al." authorityYear="2004" box="[151,452,1465,1487]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A8EBF5F21365FA11" box="[151,286,1465,1487]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Myotis flavus</emphasis>
|
|
:
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D6E5D24A950F5F113BFFA11" author="Lin" box="[300,452,1465,1487]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" refString="Lin, L. K., Lee, L. L. & Cheng, H. C. (2004) Bats of Taiwan (2 nd ed.). National Museum of Natural Sciences, Taipei, 177 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2004">
|
|
Lin
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A929F5F213F3FA11" box="[341,392,1465,1487]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2004
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Name combination.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D6E5D24A8EBF5911163FA30" blockId="33.[151,1436,1158,1579]" box="[151,792,1496,1518]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6E5D24A8EBF591103DFA30" ID-CoL="8KWFD" authority="Cheng et al. 2010" authorityName="Cheng et al." authorityYear="2010" box="[151,582,1496,1518]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="formosus" subSpecies="flavus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A8EBF59113FAFA30" box="[151,385,1496,1518]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Myotis formosus flavus</emphasis>
|
|
:
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D6E5D24A9F3F590103DFA30" author="Cheng" box="[399,582,1496,1518]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" refString="Cheng, H. C., Fang, Y. P. & Chou, C. H. (2010) A photographic guide to the bats of Taiwan. The Agriculture Committee Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute, Taipei, 144 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2010">
|
|
Cheng
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A9ABF5911070FA30" box="[471,523,1496,1518]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2010
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Name combination.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D6E5D24A8EBF5B010D2F9D2" blockId="33.[151,1436,1158,1579]" box="[151,681,1526,1549]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6E5D24A8EBF5B013ACF9D2" ID-CoL="8LF5D" authority="Jiang et al. 2010" authorityName="Jiang et al." authorityYear="2010" box="[151,471,1526,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A8EBF5B01365F9D2" box="[151,286,1526,1549]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Myotis flavus</emphasis>
|
|
:
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D6E5D24A950F5BE13ACF9D2" author="Jiang" box="[300,471,1526,1549]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" refString="Jiang, T. L., Sun, K. P., Chou, C. H., Zhang, Z. Z. & Feng, J. (2010) First record of Myotis flavus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from mainland China and a reassessment of its taxonomic status. Zootaxa, 2414, 41 - 51." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
|
Jiang
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A914F5B013E0F9D2" box="[360,411,1526,1549]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2010
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Name combination.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D6E5D24A8EBF65E1169F9F5" blockId="33.[151,1436,1158,1579]" box="[151,786,1557,1579]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6E5D24A8EBF65E103AF9F5" ID-CoL="8KWFD" authority="Ruedi et al. 2013" authorityName="Ruedi et al." authorityYear="2013" box="[151,577,1557,1579]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="formosus" subSpecies="flavus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A8EBF65E13FAF9F5" box="[151,385,1557,1579]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Myotis formosus flavus</emphasis>
|
|
:
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D6E5D24A9F3F65D103AF9F5" author="Ruedi" box="[399,577,1557,1579]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" refString="Ruedi, M., Stadelmann, B., Gager, Y., Douzery, E. J. P., Francis, C. M., Lin, L. - K., Guillen-Servent, A. & Cibois, A. (2013) Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions identify East Asia as the cradle for the evolution of the cosmopolitan genus Myotis (Mammalia, Chiroptera). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 69, 437 - 449. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.08.011" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
|
Ruedi
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A9AEF65E107EF9F5" box="[466,517,1557,1579]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2013
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Name combination.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D6E5D24A8EBF61F1299F896" blockId="33.[151,1436,1623,2009]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A8EBF61F13E8F9AE" bold="true" box="[151,403,1623,1648]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
|
|
A full taxonomic treatment of species from the subgenus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6E5D24AC26F6101688F9AE" box="[1114,1267,1624,1648]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Chrysopteron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24AC26F6101688F9AE" box="[1114,1267,1624,1648]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Chrysopteron</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(to which
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6E5D24AD01F6111285F94A" ID-CoL="8LZT2" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="formosus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24AD01F6111285F94A" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">M. formosus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
belongs) has been published recently (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D6E5D24AACCF63411FFF94A" author="Csorba" box="[688,900,1660,1685]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" refString="Csorba, G., Chou, C. - H., Ruedi, M., Gorfol, T., Motokawa, M., Wiantoro, S., Thong, V. D., Son, N. T., Lin, L. - K. & Furey, N. (2014) The reds and the yellows: a review of Asian Chrysopteron Jentink, 1910 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Myotis). Journal of Mammalogy, 95, 663 - 678. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1644 / 13 - mamm-a- 200" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
|
Csorba
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24AB74F635113BF94A" box="[776,832,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2014
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). To avoid repetitions, we outline hereafter only the main distinguishing characters of the two species living in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D6E5D24AB26F6D711D7F966" box="[858,940,1695,1720]" name="Taiwan" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
|
and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D6E5D24AB98F6D7165CF966" box="[996,1063,1695,1720]" name="China" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">China</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6E5D24AC4BF6E916BFF966" ID-CoL="8LZT2" box="[1079,1220,1696,1720]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="formosus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24AC4BF6E916BFF966" box="[1079,1220,1696,1720]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">M. formosus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6E5D24AC80F6E917F7F966" ID-CoL="8LZ7Q" box="[1276,1420,1696,1720]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufoniger">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24AC80F6E917F7F966" box="[1276,1420,1696,1720]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">M. rufoniger</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
). All species classified in this subgenus are phylogenetically part of the Ethiopian Clade (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D6E5D24ACF7F68C1718F902" author="Csorba" box="[1163,1379,1732,1757]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" refString="Csorba, G., Chou, C. - H., Ruedi, M., Gorfol, T., Motokawa, M., Wiantoro, S., Thong, V. D., Son, N. T., Lin, L. - K. & Furey, N. (2014) The reds and the yellows: a review of Asian Chrysopteron Jentink, 1910 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Myotis). Journal of Mammalogy, 95, 663 - 678. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1644 / 13 - mamm-a- 200" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
|
Csorba
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24AC99F68D175BF902" box="[1253,1312,1732,1756]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2014
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and constitute a robust, monophyletic clade (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13292A053D6E5D24AA18F6AF10D1F8DE" box="[612,682,1767,1792]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1889,1911]" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic relationships of Myotis bats inferred from an alignment of 148 Cyt b gene sequences and using Bayesian reconstructions. Numbers close to nodes represent posterior probability (left) and maximum likelihood bootstrap support (right) associated to these nodes. Species and haplotypes sampled in Taiwan are highlighted in bold. Clades containing only species from outside Taiwan were collapsed and outgroups (Kerivoulinae and Murininae, see Table 2) were omitted for ease of read. The clade nomenclature follows the more comprehensive study of Ruedi et al. (2013)." pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|
). Following
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D6E5D24AB40F6AF1658F8DE" box="[828,1059,1767,1792]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" refString="Csorba, G., Chou, C. - H., Ruedi, M., Gorfol, T., Motokawa, M., Wiantoro, S., Thong, V. D., Son, N. T., Lin, L. - K. & Furey, N. (2014) The reds and the yellows: a review of Asian Chrysopteron Jentink, 1910 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Myotis). Journal of Mammalogy, 95, 663 - 678. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1644 / 13 - mamm-a- 200" type="journal article">
|
|
Csorba
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24ABE8F6A111B6F8DE" box="[916,973,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2014)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, the population of
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D6E5D24AC86F6AF1737F8DE" box="[1274,1356,1767,1792]" name="Taiwan" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
|
(being significantly larger than their continental counterparts) is considered here as a distinct subspecies,
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24AD71F7451299F896" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6E5D24AD71F74512A5F896" ID-CoL="8KWFD" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="formosus" subSpecies="flavus">M. formosus flavus</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C308650B3D6E5D24A8BBF71C170CF84E" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D6E5D24A8BBF71C170CF84E" blockId="33.[151,1436,1623,2009]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A8BBF71C131BF8B3" bold="true" box="[199,352,1876,1901]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6E5D24A917F71D1380F8B2" box="[363,507,1876,1900]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="formosus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A917F71D1380F8B2" box="[363,507,1876,1900]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">M. formosus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a rare, but relatively widespread species, found from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D6E5D24ACEAF71C1759F8B3" box="[1174,1314,1876,1901]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
|
|
, along the foothills of the Himalaya (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D6E5D24A9C2F73F10F4F84E" author="Csorba" box="[446,655,1911,1936]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" refString="Csorba, G., Chou, C. - H., Ruedi, M., Gorfol, T., Motokawa, M., Wiantoro, S., Thong, V. D., Son, N. T., Lin, L. - K. & Furey, N. (2014) The reds and the yellows: a review of Asian Chrysopteron Jentink, 1910 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Myotis). Journal of Mammalogy, 95, 663 - 678. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1644 / 13 - mamm-a- 200" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
|
Csorba
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24AA6AF7311035F84E" box="[534,590,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2014
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) east to Jiangxi province in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D6E5D24ABB6F73F1676F84E" box="[970,1037,1911,1936]" name="China" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">China</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D6E5D24AC60F73F16A0F84E" author="Jiang" box="[1052,1243,1911,1936]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" refString="Jiang, T. L., Sun, K. P., Chou, C. H., Zhang, Z. Z. & Feng, J. (2010) First record of Myotis flavus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from mainland China and a reassessment of its taxonomic status. Zootaxa, 2414, 41 - 51." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
|
Jiang
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24AC1CF73116E3F84E" box="[1120,1176,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2010
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D6E5D24AD61F73F1708F84E" box="[1309,1395,1911,1936]" name="Taiwan" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C308650B3D6E5D27A8BBF7D4129AFD31" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="335" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D6E5D24A8BBF7D41090F806" blockId="33.[151,1436,1623,2009]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A8BBF7D41306F86B" bold="true" box="[199,381,1948,1973]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
|
See
|
|
<tableCitation id="C690033B3D6E5D24A9CEF7D4107FF86A" box="[434,516,1948,1973]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="16.[119,197,569,589]" captionText="TABLE 4. External and craniodental measurements (in mm) of Taiwan species of Myotis and Submyotodon. Values are given as mean, ± SD, min-max, (n). Acronyms and definitions for" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
|
for measurements of the Taiwanese subspecies,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6E5D24AC63F7D516E7F86A" box="[1055,1180,1948,1972]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="formosus" subSpecies="flavus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24AC63F7D516E7F86A" box="[1055,1180,1948,1972]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">M. f. flavus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Measurements for the nominal subspecies are given in
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D6E5D24AA78F788109CF806" box="[516,743,1984,2009]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" refString="Csorba, G., Chou, C. - H., Ruedi, M., Gorfol, T., Motokawa, M., Wiantoro, S., Thong, V. D., Son, N. T., Lin, L. - K. & Furey, N. (2014) The reds and the yellows: a review of Asian Chrysopteron Jentink, 1910 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Myotis). Journal of Mammalogy, 95, 663 - 678. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1644 / 13 - mamm-a- 200" type="journal article">
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Csorba
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24AA26F78910E9F806" box="[602,658,1984,2008]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">et al.</emphasis>
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|
(2014)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.
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|
</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D6D5D27A8BBF0DF16CFFEBA" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,751]" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D6D5D27A8BBF0DF13B5FF6E" bold="true" box="[199,462,151,176]" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">External morphology.</emphasis>
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|
This spectacular, relatively large
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6D5D27AB32F0D011E1FF71" box="[846,922,152,175]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6D5D27AB32F0D011E1FF71" box="[846,922,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">Myotis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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|
has a unique cottony and yellowish fur, both above and below, the dorsal parts being only slightly darker at the hair tips (i.e., no ”smoked” aspect of fur as in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6D5D27AD01F0F5137AFF26" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufoniger">
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|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6D5D27AD01F0F5137AFF26" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">M. rufoniger</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
). The wing membranes are parti-colored, with a characteristic orange (along bones) and black patterning (see pictures in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D6D5D27A933F14C107AFEC2" author="Lin" box="[335,513,260,285]" pageId="34" pageNumber="335" refString="Lin, L. K., Lee, L. L. & Cheng, H. C. (2004) Bats of Taiwan (2 nd ed.). National Museum of Natural Sciences, Taipei, 177 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2004">
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|
Lin
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6D5D27A9FCF14D13C0FEC2" box="[384,443,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2004
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The uropatagium is essentially orange, as are the ears (unlike in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6D5D27AD78F14D17EEFEC2" box="[1284,1429,260,284]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufoniger">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6D5D27AD78F14D17EEFEC2" box="[1284,1429,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">M. rufoniger</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which has conspicuous black margins to the ears) and face. Thumbs and hairy feet are also largely orange, except close to the claws, which are strong and black. Wings are attached to the base of the outer toe.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D6D5D27A8BBF1271759FE2A" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,751]" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6D5D27A8BBF12713D8FE56" bold="true" box="[199,419,367,392]" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">Skull morphology.</emphasis>
|
|
The skull is large, with massive canines and strong molars. The second upper premolar is much smaller, less than half the size of the first, and is usually completely displaced lingually from toothrow and thus invisible in side view (
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|
<figureCitation id="13292A053D6D5D27A9B4F1FF1071FE0E" box="[456,522,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[176,1411,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[176,1411,193,1933]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 8. Lateral and dorsal views of skull, and mandible of (a) Myotis soror sp. n. (HNHM 2003.36. 20., holotype), (b) M. frater (TESRI B 0283), (c) M. formosus (THUMB 65), and (d) M. rufoniger (THUMB 30022). All specimens are from Taiwan. Scale = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3924056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3924056/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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|
c). The posterior parts of the braincase are high and globose, with very weak or no occipital or lambdoid crests (unlike in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6D5D27AA3BF19510AEFE2A" box="[583,725,476,500]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufoniger">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6D5D27AA3BF19510AEFE2A" box="[583,725,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">M. rufoniger</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which has a more angular skull and marked crests).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D6D5D27A8BBF1B7129AFD31" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,751]" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6D5D27A8BBF1B713F0FDC6" bold="true" box="[199,395,511,536]" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">Natural History.</emphasis>
|
|
This beautiful, but rare bat is known from few specimens, and owing to its large distribution across Asia is likely to have different ecologies throughout its range. In
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D6D5D27AB94F26C1646FDE3" box="[1000,1085,548,573]" name="Taiwan" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
|
, it is found exclusively in the lowlands, where it roosts either among tree foliage (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D6D5D27AA90F20F11EFFDBE" author="Swinhoe" box="[748,916,583,608]" pageId="34" pageNumber="335" refString="Swinhoe, R. (1870) Catalogue of the mammals of China (south of the River Yangtsze) and of the island of Formosa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 42, 615 - 652." type="journal article" year="1870">Swinhoe 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Chen
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6D5D27AB99F2011664FDBE" box="[997,1055,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2010), or in buildings (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D6D5D27AD4DF20F12AFFD5A" author="Lin" pageId="34" pageNumber="335" refString="Lin, L. K., Lee, L. L. & Cheng, H. C. (2004) Bats of Taiwan (2 nd ed.). National Museum of Natural Sciences, Taipei, 177 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2004">
|
|
Lin
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6D5D27AD1EF20117E7FDBE" box="[1378,1436,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2004
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). In both situations, the bats are fully exposed to the light and seem to rely on their particular coloration to avoid predation. They occupy the breeding colonies (which may number up to several hundred individuals) between March and July. In October, they disappear from the breeding colonies to hibernate in unknown winter roosts.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
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</document> |