265 lines
37 KiB
XML
265 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="6B3637A64090618DC215F44835564B9E" ID-CLB-Dataset="37320" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.272951" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272951" ID-ZooBank="6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1484409208030" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Van, Rob W. M." docDate="2017" docId="03A800107795FF6EFF14A3F394FAF8DF" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4217.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Hyalonema (Cyliconema) conqueror Tabachnick, Menshenina, Lopes & Hajdu 2009" docType="treatment" docVersion="21" lastPageNumber="195" masterDocId="FF9178687757FFACFF83A36B907DFF9A" masterDocTitle="Sponges of the Guyana Shelf" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="195" updateTime="1698435695899" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="77C40A79ED97DF945135A5A61F0AEA0B">Sponges of the Guyana Shelf</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B87E74A3B8D0E3C006A40F5961956592">Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="418E73108746129482522B9E7BF3AB77">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="D3C74BB91C35332D86E269A16ED49A8D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.272951</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A800107795FF6EFF14A3F394FAF8DF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5698764" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127419657" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5698764" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A800107795FF6EFF14A3F394FAF8DF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A800107795FF6EFF14A3F394FAF8DF" lastPageNumber="195" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
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<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7795FF6EFF14A3F39139FF49" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBEB1067795FF6EFF14A3F394A0FF28" blockId="194.[151,1245,152,211]" box="[151,1245,152,178]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
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<heading id="D0F6066A7795FF6EFF14A3F394A0FF28" bold="true" box="[151,1245,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857795FF6EFF14A3F394A0FF28" ID-CoL="3MWJF" authority="Tabachnick, Menshenina, Lopes & Hajdu, 2009" authorityName="Tabachnick, Menshenina, Lopes & Hajdu" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,1245,152,178]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conqueror" subGenus="Cyliconema">
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<emphasis id="B9756D147795FF6EFF14A3F394A0FF28" bold="true" box="[151,1245,152,178]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
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<emphasis id="B9756D147795FF6EFF14A3F391B0FF28" bold="true" box="[151,461,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Hyalonema (Cyliconema)</emphasis>
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aff.
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<emphasis id="B9756D147795FF6EFD86A3F392FFFF28" bold="true" box="[517,642,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">conqueror</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77795FF6EFD09A3F394A0FF28" author="Tabachnick" box="[650,1245,152,178]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" refString="Tabachnick, K. R., Menshenina, L., Lopes, D. A. & Hajdu, E. (2009) Two new Hyalonema species (Hyalonematidae: Amphidiscosida) from eastern and south-eastern Brazil, and further Hexactinellida (Porifera) collected from seamounts off south-eastern Brazil by the RV ' Marion Dufresne' MD 55 expedition. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 89 (6), 1243 - 1259." type="journal article" year="2009">Tabachnick, Menshenina, Lopes & Hajdu, 2009</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBEB1067795FF6EFF14A3D19139FF49" blockId="194.[151,1245,152,211]" box="[151,324,186,211]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
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<figureCitation id="133AAD837795FF6EFF14A3D19167FF49" box="[151,282,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 123" captionStartId="195.[151,250,1849,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@195.[151,1436,195,1827]" captionTargetPageId="195" captionText="FIGURE 123. Hyalonema (Cyliconema) sp. aff. conqueror Tabachnick, Menshenina, Lopes & Hajdu, 2009, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9355 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – k, SEM images of the spicules, b, diactin of the body, b 1, details of b, c, smooth stylote monaxone, c 1, details of c, d, spined monaxone, d 1, details of d, e – f, hypodermal pentactins, g, hypodermal hexactin, h, dermal pinular pentactin, h 1, tangential rays of dermal pinular pentactin, i, macramphidisc, j, mesamphidisc, k, micramphidisc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273073/files/figure.png" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Figures 123</figureCitation>
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a–k
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7795FF6EFF14A2699479FE82" box="[151,1028,258,280]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBEB1067795FF6EFF14A2699479FE82" blockId="194.[151,1028,258,280]" box="[151,1028,258,280]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1196287795FF6EFF14A2699479FE82" box="[151,1028,258,280]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
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<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857795FF6EFF14A2699342FE82" ID-CoL="3MWJF" authority="Tabachnick et al., 2009: 1244" authorityName="Tabachnick et al." authorityPageNumber="1244" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,831,258,280]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conqueror" subGenus="Cyliconema">
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<emphasis id="B9756D147795FF6EFF14A2699276FE82" box="[151,523,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Hyalonema (Cyliconema) conqueror</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA097177795FF6EFD92A2699342FE82" author="Tabachnick" box="[529,831,258,280]" page="1244" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" year="2009">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77795FF6EFD92A269937DFE82" author="Tabachnick" box="[529,768,258,280]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" refString="Tabachnick, K. R., Menshenina, L., Lopes, D. A. & Hajdu, E. (2009) Two new Hyalonema species (Hyalonematidae: Amphidiscosida) from eastern and south-eastern Brazil, and further Hexactinellida (Porifera) collected from seamounts off south-eastern Brazil by the RV ' Marion Dufresne' MD 55 expedition. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 89 (6), 1243 - 1259." type="journal article" year="2009">
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Tabachnick
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<emphasis id="B9756D147795FF6EFD08A26892C3FE82" box="[651,702,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2009
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 1244
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, figs 1–2 (affinity).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7795FF6EFF14A22E93B7FE1B" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBEB1067795FF6EFF14A22E93B7FE1B" blockId="194.[151,1437,325,1862]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
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<materialsCitation id="3B69BB5B7795FF6EFF14A22E93BBFE1B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726465" collectingDate="1970-09-01" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Van Veen" country="Guyana" elevation="618" latitude="7.9333" location="Material" longLatPrecision="5502" longitude="-57.2" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" specimenCount="1">
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<emphasis id="B9756D147795FF6EFF14A22E91FCFEC4" bold="true" box="[151,385,325,350]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
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<location id="8EDEE7DD7795FF6EFF14A22E9082FEC4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A800107795FF6EFF14A3F394FAF8DF:8EDEE7DD7795FF6EFF14A22E9082FEC4" box="[151,255,325,350]" country="Guyana" latitude="7.9333" longLatPrecision="5502" longitude="-57.2" name="Material" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Material</location>
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examined.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED1029C37795FF6EFE09A22D91A3FEC7" box="[394,478,326,349]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">RMNH</collectionCode>
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Por. 9355, 9828,
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<collectingCountry id="F316F1967795FF6EFD2AA22D937EFEC4" box="[681,771,326,350]" name="Guyana" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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, ‘Luymes’
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<collectingCountry id="F316F1967795FF6EFC06A22D93A1FEC4" box="[901,988,326,350]" name="Guyana" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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Shelf Expedition, station 80,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C17795FF6EFAB3A22D95E1FEC4" box="[1328,1436,326,350]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" precision="5" value="7.9333">7.9333°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C17795FF6EFF14A2029093FE18" box="[151,238,361,386]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" precision="5555" value="-57.2">57.2°W</geoCoordinate>
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, depth
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<quantity id="4CF91CE37795FF6EFEBDA20291FAFE1B" box="[318,391,361,386]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.18" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" unit="m" value="618.0">
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||
<elevation id="002C56357795FF6EFEBDA20291FAFE1B" box="[318,391,361,386]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.18" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" unit="m" value="618.0">618 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<collectorName id="26F4D4D07795FF6EFE10A2019183FE1B" box="[403,510,362,385]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Van Veen</collectorName>
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grab, muddy bottom,
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<date id="FFBF97C67795FF6EFD75A20293BBFE1B" box="[758,966,361,386]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" value="1970-09-01">
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<collectingDate id="EFFB6E2E7795FF6EFD75A20293BBFE1B" box="[758,966,361,386]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" value="1970-09-01">1 September 1970</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7795FF6EFF44A2E6920BFAE8" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBEB1067795FF6EFF44A2E6953EFE50" blockId="194.[151,1437,325,1862]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
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<emphasis id="B9756D147795FF6EFF44A2E69124FE3C" bold="true" box="[199,345,397,422]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Description.</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="133AAD837795FF6EFEEBA2E691B4FE3C" box="[360,457,397,422]" captionStart="FIGURE 123" captionStartId="195.[151,250,1849,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@195.[151,1436,195,1827]" captionTargetPageId="195" captionText="FIGURE 123. Hyalonema (Cyliconema) sp. aff. conqueror Tabachnick, Menshenina, Lopes & Hajdu, 2009, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9355 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – k, SEM images of the spicules, b, diactin of the body, b 1, details of b, c, smooth stylote monaxone, c 1, details of c, d, spined monaxone, d 1, details of d, e – f, hypodermal pentactins, g, hypodermal hexactin, h, dermal pinular pentactin, h 1, tangential rays of dermal pinular pentactin, i, macramphidisc, j, mesamphidisc, k, micramphidisc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273073/files/figure.png" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Fig. 123</figureCitation>
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a) Small thin body tapering to an apical point, length
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<quantity id="4CF91CE37795FF6EFBA9A2E59418FE3F" box="[1066,1125,398,422]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
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, diameter
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<quantity id="4CF91CE37795FF6EFB58A2E69551FE3F" box="[1243,1324,397,422]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" unit="cm" value="0.5">0.5 cm</quantity>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="49C57FE47795FF6EFABBA2E59527FE3F" box="[1336,1370,398,421]" country="Haiti" name="Nord" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">No</collectingRegion>
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atrial cavity. Tuft twice as long and almost as thick as the body, upper part of tuft provided with a few zoanthids.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBEB1067795FF6EFF44A2BE925FFDC0" blockId="194.[151,1437,325,1862]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
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<emphasis id="B9756D147795FF6EFF44A2BE9148FE74" bold="true" box="[199,309,469,494]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Skeleton.</emphasis>
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Predominantly consisting of diactins of various lengths and shapes, arranged lengthwise, with scattered (hypo-)dermal pentacins and hexactins. A few dermal pinular pentactins are present, but these are rare. Microscleres predominantly consisting of mesamphidiscs and micramphidiscs, few macramphidiscs, no micropentactins or microhexactins.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBEB1067795FF6EFF44A10E93DBFD38" blockId="194.[151,1437,325,1862]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
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||
<emphasis id="B9756D147795FF6EFF44A10E914DFDE4" bold="true" box="[199,304,613,638]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Spicules.</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="133AAD837795FF6EFEBCA10E91DDFDE4" box="[319,416,613,638]" captionStart="FIGURE 123" captionStartId="195.[151,250,1849,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@195.[151,1436,195,1827]" captionTargetPageId="195" captionText="FIGURE 123. Hyalonema (Cyliconema) sp. aff. conqueror Tabachnick, Menshenina, Lopes & Hajdu, 2009, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9355 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – k, SEM images of the spicules, b, diactin of the body, b 1, details of b, c, smooth stylote monaxone, c 1, details of c, d, spined monaxone, d 1, details of d, e – f, hypodermal pentactins, g, hypodermal hexactin, h, dermal pinular pentactin, h 1, tangential rays of dermal pinular pentactin, i, macramphidisc, j, mesamphidisc, k, micramphidisc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273073/files/figure.png" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Figs 123</figureCitation>
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b–k) Diactins, hexactins, pentactins, pinular pentactins, macr-, mes- and micramphidiscs. Diactins (
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<figureCitation id="133AAD837795FF6EFE87A1E2911FFD38" box="[260,354,649,674]" captionStart="FIGURE 123" captionStartId="195.[151,250,1849,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@195.[151,1436,195,1827]" captionTargetPageId="195" captionText="FIGURE 123. Hyalonema (Cyliconema) sp. aff. conqueror Tabachnick, Menshenina, Lopes & Hajdu, 2009, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9355 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – k, SEM images of the spicules, b, diactin of the body, b 1, details of b, c, smooth stylote monaxone, c 1, details of c, d, spined monaxone, d 1, details of d, e – f, hypodermal pentactins, g, hypodermal hexactin, h, dermal pinular pentactin, h 1, tangential rays of dermal pinular pentactin, i, macramphidisc, j, mesamphidisc, k, micramphidisc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273073/files/figure.png" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Fig. 123</figureCitation>
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a) of the basal tuft at least
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||
<quantity id="4CF91CE37795FF6EFD09A1E192BCFD3B" box="[650,705,650,674]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
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long, 180 µm thick.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBEB1067795FF6EFF44A1C69277FD70" blockId="194.[151,1437,325,1862]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
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||
Diactins of the body (
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||
<figureCitation id="133AAD837795FF6EFE4BA1C6924FFD5C" box="[456,562,685,710]" captionStart="FIGURE 123" captionStartId="195.[151,250,1849,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@195.[151,1436,195,1827]" captionTargetPageId="195" captionText="FIGURE 123. Hyalonema (Cyliconema) sp. aff. conqueror Tabachnick, Menshenina, Lopes & Hajdu, 2009, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9355 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – k, SEM images of the spicules, b, diactin of the body, b 1, details of b, c, smooth stylote monaxone, c 1, details of c, d, spined monaxone, d 1, details of d, e – f, hypodermal pentactins, g, hypodermal hexactin, h, dermal pinular pentactin, h 1, tangential rays of dermal pinular pentactin, i, macramphidisc, j, mesamphidisc, k, micramphidisc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273073/files/figure.png" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Figs 123</figureCitation>
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b,b1), symmetrical, thinly tapering to sharp ends, with a vague centrotylote swelling, 1300–
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<date id="FFBF97C67795FF6EFECAA1B991ABFD70" box="[329,470,722,746]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" value="2400-10-09" valueMax="2400-10-23" valueMin="2400-10-09">2400 x 9–23</date>
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||
µm.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBEB1067795FF6EFF44A19E922BFCE0" blockId="194.[151,1437,325,1862]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
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Choanosomal asymmetrical diactins, usually curved, with opposed swollen and more tapering ends, with a centrotylote swelling, divisible in two distinct types, (1) entirely smooth, sometimes stylote (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133AAD837795FF6EFB6CA072951EFCA8" box="[1263,1379,793,818]" captionStart="FIGURE 123" captionStartId="195.[151,250,1849,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@195.[151,1436,195,1827]" captionTargetPageId="195" captionText="FIGURE 123. Hyalonema (Cyliconema) sp. aff. conqueror Tabachnick, Menshenina, Lopes & Hajdu, 2009, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9355 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – k, SEM images of the spicules, b, diactin of the body, b 1, details of b, c, smooth stylote monaxone, c 1, details of c, d, spined monaxone, d 1, details of d, e – f, hypodermal pentactins, g, hypodermal hexactin, h, dermal pinular pentactin, h 1, tangential rays of dermal pinular pentactin, i, macramphidisc, j, mesamphidisc, k, micramphidisc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273073/files/figure.png" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Figs. 123</figureCitation>
|
||
c,c1), 700–
|
||
<date id="FFBF97C67795FF6EFF53A055911FFCCC" box="[208,354,829,854]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" value="1200-10-06" valueMax="1200-10-10" valueMin="1200-10-06">1200 x 6–10</date>
|
||
µm and (2) spined at both ends (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133AAD837795FF6EFD6CA0569324FCCC" box="[751,857,829,854]" captionStart="FIGURE 123" captionStartId="195.[151,250,1849,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@195.[151,1436,195,1827]" captionTargetPageId="195" captionText="FIGURE 123. Hyalonema (Cyliconema) sp. aff. conqueror Tabachnick, Menshenina, Lopes & Hajdu, 2009, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9355 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – k, SEM images of the spicules, b, diactin of the body, b 1, details of b, c, smooth stylote monaxone, c 1, details of c, d, spined monaxone, d 1, details of d, e – f, hypodermal pentactins, g, hypodermal hexactin, h, dermal pinular pentactin, h 1, tangential rays of dermal pinular pentactin, i, macramphidisc, j, mesamphidisc, k, micramphidisc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273073/files/figure.png" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Figs 123</figureCitation>
|
||
d,d1), 528–
|
||
<date id="FFBF97C67795FF6EFC5AA0569417FCCC" box="[985,1130,829,854]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" value="1100-10-05" valueMax="1100-10-10" valueMin="1100-10-05">1100 x 5–10</date>
|
||
µm; overall asymmetrical diactins 528–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9756D147795FF6EFEAEA009912AFCE0" box="[301,343,866,890]" italics="true" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">941</emphasis>
|
||
–
|
||
<date id="FFBF97C67795FF6EFEE5A00991B8FCE0" box="[358,453,865,890]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" value="1200-10-05">1200 x 5</date>
|
||
–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9756D147795FF6EFE56A0099185FCE3" box="[469,504,866,889]" italics="true" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">7.7</emphasis>
|
||
–10 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067795FF6EFF44A0EE92F5FC58" blockId="194.[151,1437,325,1862]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
|
||
Hypodermal pentactins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133AAD837795FF6EFE63A0EE9238FC04" box="[480,581,901,926]" captionStart="FIGURE 123" captionStartId="195.[151,250,1849,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@195.[151,1436,195,1827]" captionTargetPageId="195" captionText="FIGURE 123. Hyalonema (Cyliconema) sp. aff. conqueror Tabachnick, Menshenina, Lopes & Hajdu, 2009, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9355 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – k, SEM images of the spicules, b, diactin of the body, b 1, details of b, c, smooth stylote monaxone, c 1, details of c, d, spined monaxone, d 1, details of d, e – f, hypodermal pentactins, g, hypodermal hexactin, h, dermal pinular pentactin, h 1, tangential rays of dermal pinular pentactin, i, macramphidisc, j, mesamphidisc, k, micramphidisc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273073/files/figure.png" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Figs 123</figureCitation>
|
||
e–f), in a large size range, with usually smooth, often slightly curved rays with lengths 174–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9756D147795FF6EFEDCA0C191F4FC58" box="[351,393,938,962]" italics="true" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">415</emphasis>
|
||
–760
|
||
<date id="FFBF97C67795FF6EFE4BA0C19194FC58" box="[456,489,937,962]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">x 5</date>
|
||
–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9756D147795FF6EFE7AA0C19257FC58" box="[505,554,938,962]" italics="true" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">17.3</emphasis>
|
||
–37 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067795FF6EFF44A0A69322FB90" blockId="194.[151,1437,325,1862]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
|
||
Hypodermal hexactins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133AAD837795FF6EFE55A0A69245FC7C" box="[470,568,973,998]" captionStart="FIGURE 123" captionStartId="195.[151,250,1849,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@195.[151,1436,195,1827]" captionTargetPageId="195" captionText="FIGURE 123. Hyalonema (Cyliconema) sp. aff. conqueror Tabachnick, Menshenina, Lopes & Hajdu, 2009, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9355 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – k, SEM images of the spicules, b, diactin of the body, b 1, details of b, c, smooth stylote monaxone, c 1, details of c, d, spined monaxone, d 1, details of d, e – f, hypodermal pentactins, g, hypodermal hexactin, h, dermal pinular pentactin, h 1, tangential rays of dermal pinular pentactin, i, macramphidisc, j, mesamphidisc, k, micramphidisc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273073/files/figure.png" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CF91CE37795FF6EFD8FA0A59245FC7C" box="[524,568,974,998]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.23" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" unit="g" value="123.0">123</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
g), in a large size range, usually with smooth rays, but the smaller ones may have spined rays, with lengths 243–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9756D147795FF6EFDABA099922FFB90" box="[552,594,1010,1034]" italics="true" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">544</emphasis>
|
||
–910
|
||
<date id="FFBF97C67795FF6EFD12A09992BCFB90" box="[657,705,1010,1034]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" value="2010-10">x 10</date>
|
||
–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9756D147795FF6EFD53A099937CFB90" box="[720,769,1010,1034]" italics="true" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">19.1</emphasis>
|
||
–38 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067795FF6EFF44A77E9239FBEC" blockId="194.[151,1437,325,1862]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
|
||
Dermal pinular pentactins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133AAD837795FF6EFE7BA77E9222FBB4" box="[504,607,1045,1070]" captionStart="FIGURE 123" captionStartId="195.[151,250,1849,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@195.[151,1436,195,1827]" captionTargetPageId="195" captionText="FIGURE 123. Hyalonema (Cyliconema) sp. aff. conqueror Tabachnick, Menshenina, Lopes & Hajdu, 2009, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9355 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – k, SEM images of the spicules, b, diactin of the body, b 1, details of b, c, smooth stylote monaxone, c 1, details of c, d, spined monaxone, d 1, details of d, e – f, hypodermal pentactins, g, hypodermal hexactin, h, dermal pinular pentactin, h 1, tangential rays of dermal pinular pentactin, i, macramphidisc, j, mesamphidisc, k, micramphidisc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273073/files/figure.png" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Figs 123</figureCitation>
|
||
h,h1), rare, pinular ray with longest spines halfway, ending in short spines, tangential rays lightly and sparingly spined, only a few were found in the slides (n=7), pinular rays 110–177
|
||
<date id="FFBF97C67795FF6EFADFA75195E1FBC8" box="[1372,1436,1081,1106]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">x 6–8</date>
|
||
µm, tangential rays 54–
|
||
<date id="FFBF97C67795FF6EFE23A7369272FBEC" box="[416,527,1117,1142]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" value="1996-10-05" valueMax="1996-10-10" valueMin="1996-10-05">96 x 5–10</date>
|
||
µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067795FF6EFF44A7EA9524FB24" blockId="194.[151,1437,325,1862]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
|
||
Macramphidiscs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133AAD837795FF6EFE0CA7EA918CFB00" box="[399,497,1153,1178]" captionStart="FIGURE 123" captionStartId="195.[151,250,1849,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@195.[151,1436,195,1827]" captionTargetPageId="195" captionText="FIGURE 123. Hyalonema (Cyliconema) sp. aff. conqueror Tabachnick, Menshenina, Lopes & Hajdu, 2009, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9355 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – k, SEM images of the spicules, b, diactin of the body, b 1, details of b, c, smooth stylote monaxone, c 1, details of c, d, spined monaxone, d 1, details of d, e – f, hypodermal pentactins, g, hypodermal hexactin, h, dermal pinular pentactin, h 1, tangential rays of dermal pinular pentactin, i, macramphidisc, j, mesamphidisc, k, micramphidisc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273073/files/figure.png" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Fig. 123</figureCitation>
|
||
i), shaft provided with about 10–15 spined warts distributed evenly along it, teeth of umbel smooth-rimmed and slim, (n=8), length x width 145–305
|
||
<date id="FFBF97C67795FF6EFCE9A7CD93E1FB24" box="[874,924,1189,1214]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" value="1960-10">x 60</date>
|
||
–125 µm, length of umbels 60–100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067795FF6EFF44A7A29277FAB0" blockId="194.[151,1437,325,1862]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
|
||
Mesamphidiscs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133AAD837795FF6EFE07A7A29199FB78" box="[388,484,1225,1250]" captionStart="FIGURE 123" captionStartId="195.[151,250,1849,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@195.[151,1436,195,1827]" captionTargetPageId="195" captionText="FIGURE 123. Hyalonema (Cyliconema) sp. aff. conqueror Tabachnick, Menshenina, Lopes & Hajdu, 2009, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9355 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – k, SEM images of the spicules, b, diactin of the body, b 1, details of b, c, smooth stylote monaxone, c 1, details of c, d, spined monaxone, d 1, details of d, e – f, hypodermal pentactins, g, hypodermal hexactin, h, dermal pinular pentactin, h 1, tangential rays of dermal pinular pentactin, i, macramphidisc, j, mesamphidisc, k, micramphidisc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273073/files/figure.png" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Fig. 123</figureCitation>
|
||
j), umbels together occupying ¾ of the length leaving only a short open shaft, umbels with densely arranged somewhat squarish teeth, shaft provided with spined warts which are often distributed rather irregularly, length 46–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9756D147795FF6EFE13A67A91D1FAB0" box="[400,428,1297,1322]" italics="true" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">66</emphasis>
|
||
–87 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067795FF6EFF44A65E920BFAE8" blockId="194.[151,1437,325,1862]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
|
||
Micramphidiscs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133AAD837795FF6EFE0EA65E918DFAD4" box="[397,496,1333,1358]" captionStart="FIGURE 123" captionStartId="195.[151,250,1849,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@195.[151,1436,195,1827]" captionTargetPageId="195" captionText="FIGURE 123. Hyalonema (Cyliconema) sp. aff. conqueror Tabachnick, Menshenina, Lopes & Hajdu, 2009, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9355 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – k, SEM images of the spicules, b, diactin of the body, b 1, details of b, c, smooth stylote monaxone, c 1, details of c, d, spined monaxone, d 1, details of d, e – f, hypodermal pentactins, g, hypodermal hexactin, h, dermal pinular pentactin, h 1, tangential rays of dermal pinular pentactin, i, macramphidisc, j, mesamphidisc, k, micramphidisc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273073/files/figure.png" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Fig. 123</figureCitation>
|
||
k), umbels with ‘flattened’ top, occupying 4/5 of of the length, shaft with several spines or high warts, length 15–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9756D147795FF6EFE7FA6319265FAE8" box="[508,536,1370,1394]" italics="true" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">22</emphasis>
|
||
–31 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7795FF6EFF44A61693C8FA0F" box="[199,949,1405,1430]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067795FF6EFF44A61693C8FA0F" blockId="194.[151,1437,325,1862]" box="[199,949,1405,1430]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9756D147795FF6EFF44A616918FFA0C" bold="true" box="[199,498,1405,1430]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967795FF6EFE7AA615922DFA0C" box="[505,592,1406,1430]" name="Guyana" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shelf, muddy bottom at
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D077A8F7795FF6EFCE4A61693C8FA0F" box="[871,949,1405,1430]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CF91CE37795FF6EFCE4A61693CCFA0F" box="[871,945,1405,1430]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.18" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" unit="m" value="618.0">618 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7795FF6EFF44A6CA94FAF8DF" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067795FF6EFF44A6CA94FAF8DF" blockId="194.[151,1437,325,1862]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9756D147795FF6EFF44A6CA9146FA20" bold="true" box="[199,315,1441,1466]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C57FE47795FF6EFEC1A6C99119FA23" box="[322,356,1442,1465]" country="Haiti" name="Nord" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">No</collectingRegion>
|
||
clearly matching descriptions were found for this hyalonematid. Using the key in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77795FF6EFB7CA6CA910AFA44" author="Tabachnick" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" refString="Tabachnick, K. R. & Menshenina, L. L. (2002) Family Hyalonematidae Gray, 1857, In: Hooper, J. N. A. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges 2. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, pp. 1232 - 1263." type="journal article" year="2002">Tabachnick & Menshenina (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the overall features appear closest to those of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857795FF6EFBD6A6AE94A6FA44" box="[1109,1243,1477,1502]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Cyliconema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9756D147795FF6EFBD6A6AE94A6FA44" box="[1109,1243,1477,1502]" italics="true" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Cyliconema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(macramphidisc umbels wider than high, no sieve plates as in subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857795FF6EFC89A68193DEF99B" box="[778,931,1514,1537]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Coscinonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9756D147795FF6EFC89A68193DEF99B" box="[778,931,1514,1537]" italics="true" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Coscinonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Apart from the intact (?) specimen RMNH Por. 9355, there is a basalia-only fragment RMNH Por. 9828 from the same station, assumed to be the same species. There is a certain similarity in spiculation with the Brazilian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857795FF6EFC71A55A91E3F9F4" authority="Tabachnick et al., 2009" authorityName="Tabachnick et al." authorityYear="2009" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conqueror" subGenus="Cyliconema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9756D147795FF6EFC71A55A95E1F9D3" box="[1010,1436,1585,1610]" italics="true" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">Hyalonema (Cyliconema) conqueror</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77795FF6EFF14A53E91E3F9F4" author="Tabachnick" box="[151,414,1621,1646]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" refString="Tabachnick, K. R., Menshenina, L., Lopes, D. A. & Hajdu, E. (2009) Two new Hyalonema species (Hyalonematidae: Amphidiscosida) from eastern and south-eastern Brazil, and further Hexactinellida (Porifera) collected from seamounts off south-eastern Brazil by the RV ' Marion Dufresne' MD 55 expedition. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 89 (6), 1243 - 1259." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Tabachnick
|
||
<emphasis id="B9756D147795FF6EFE9DA53D9128F9F4" box="[286,341,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but this has cup-shaped habitus, and possesses microhexactins and –pentactins, and pinular diactins, all lacking in the present specimen. Ornamented asymmetrical diactins such as found in the present specimen have not been reported in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857795FF6EFDB0A5F59283F92F" box="[563,766,1694,1717]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conqueror" subGenus="Cyliconema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9756D147795FF6EFDB0A5F59283F92F" box="[563,766,1694,1717]" italics="true" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">H. (C.) conqueror</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, unless these were considered ‘pinular diactins’. Similarly, there are similarities with Caribbean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857795FF6EFDCAA5A9944CF940" authority="Schulze, 1899" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1899" box="[585,1073,1729,1754]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="schmidti" subGenus="Coscinonema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9756D147795FF6EFDCAA5A993F9F940" box="[585,900,1729,1754]" italics="true" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">H. (Coscinonema) schmidti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77795FF6EFC0CA5AA944CF940" author="Schulze" box="[911,1073,1729,1754]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1899) Amerikanische Hexactinelliden, nach dem Materiale der Albatross-Expedition. Fischer, Jena, 126 pp." type="book" year="1899">Schulze, 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857795FF6EFBF3A5A99141F964" authority="Schulze, 1887" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1887" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="toxeres" subGenus="Coscinonema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9756D147795FF6EFBF3A5A995E1F943" box="[1136,1436,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">H. (Coscinonema) toxeres</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77795FF6EFF14A58E9141F964" author="Schulze" box="[151,316,1765,1790]" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1887) Report on the Hexactinellida collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Foyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 21 (Text), 1 - 514, (Plates), I - CIV, 1 map." type="book chapter" year="1887">Schulze, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but these do not match the full set of characters. I refrain from erecting a new species for this material, because I suspect that dermalia have been damaged and I am not confident that the specimen has a complete spiculation. Possibly, this is a juvenile, damaged specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857795FF6EFC3BA44594FDF8DF" box="[952,1152,1838,1861]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Hyalonematidae" genus="Hyalonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conqueror" subGenus="Cyliconema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9756D147795FF6EFC3BA44594FDF8DF" box="[952,1152,1838,1861]" italics="true" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">H. (C.) conqueror</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |