344 lines
34 KiB
XML
344 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.272951" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272951" ID-ZooBank="6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B" checkinTime="1484409208030" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Van, Rob W. M." docDate="2017" docId="03A80010772DFFD0FF14A4189281FB72" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4217.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@5ce3343f" docStyleName="zootaxa.2013.monograph" docTitle="Radiella sol Schmidt 1870" docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="125" masterDocId="FF9178687757FFACFF83A36B907DFF9A" masterDocTitle="Sponges of the Guyana Shelf" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="123" updateTime="1645784257244" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Sponges of the Guyana Shelf</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.272951</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">272951</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5698676" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127419785" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5698676" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A80010772DFFD0FF14A4189281FB72" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A80010772DFFD0FF14A4189281FB72" lastPageId="124" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
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<subSubSection pageId="122" pageNumber="123" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="122.[151,479,1907,1966]" box="[151,479,1907,1933]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,479,1907,1933]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName authority="Schmidt, 1870" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,479,1907,1933]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Radiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sol">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,479,1907,1933]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,293,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Radiella sol</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Schmidt" box="[300,479,1907,1933]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundzuge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, iii - iv, 88 pp." type="book" year="1870">Schmidt, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="122.[151,479,1907,1966]" box="[151,309,1941,1966]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
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<figureCitation box="[151,270,1941,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="123.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,542,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@123.[151,1436,542,1862]" captionTargetPageId="123" captionText="FIGURE 76. Radiella sol Schmidt, 1870, a, habitus of the largest individual of RMNH Por. 9364 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of cross section of another individual of RMNH Por. 9364, c – e, SEM images of spicules, c, subtylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, intermediate tylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, small tylostyle, e 1, details of e." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273027/files/figure.png" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Figures 76</figureCitation>
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a–e
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="123" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="122.[151,373,2014,2036]" lastBlockId="123.[151,1338,152,204]" lastPageId="123" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
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Restricted synonymy:
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<taxonomicName authority="Schmidt, 1870: 48" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityPageNumber="48" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,468,152,174]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Radiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sol">
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<emphasis box="[151,272,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Radiella sol</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Schmidt" box="[279,431,152,174]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundzuge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, iii - iv, 88 pp." type="book" year="1870">Schmidt, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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: 48
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. IV fig. 6;
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<bibRefCitation author="De" box="[610,818,152,174]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" refString="De Laubenfels, M. W. (1936) A discussion of the sponge fauna of the Dry Tortugas, in particular, and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication, 467 (Tortugas Laboratory Paper, 30, 1 - 225." type="journal article" year="1936">De Laubenfels 1936</bibRefCitation>
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: 150, pl. 2 fig. 2; Boury-Esnault 2002: 213, fig. 10.
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<taxonomicName box="[151,300,182,204]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sol">
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<emphasis box="[151,300,182,204]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Polymastia sol</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Van" box="[314,587,182,204]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. & Stentoft, N. (1988) Barbados Deep-Water Sponges. In: Hummelinck, P. W. & Van der Steen, L. J. (Eds.), Uitgaven van de Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen. No. 122. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 70 (215), 1 - 175. Avaliable from: http: // www. repository. naturalis. nl / document / 549872 (Accessed 11 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article" year="1988">Van Soest & Stentoft 1988</bibRefCitation>
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: 75, fig. 36.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="123" pageNumber="124" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="123.[151,1436,249,490]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726316" collectingDate="1970-09-01" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Van Veen" country="Guyana" elevation="618" latitude="7.9333" location="Material" longLatPrecision="5502" longitude="-57.2" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" specimenCount="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,392,249,274]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A80010772DFFD0FF14A4189281FB72:8EDEE7DD772CFFD7FF14A3929082FE88" box="[151,255,249,274]" country="Guyana" latitude="7.9333" longLatPrecision="5502" longitude="-57.2" name="Material" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Material</location>
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examined.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode box="[405,489,250,273]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">RMNH</collectionCode>
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Por. 9364,
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<collectingCountry box="[639,729,249,273]" name="Guyana" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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, ‘Luymes’
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<collectingCountry box="[871,958,249,273]" name="Guyana" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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Shelf Expedition, station 80,
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<geoCoordinate box="[1328,1436,249,273]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" precision="5" value="7.9333">7.9333°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate box="[151,238,285,310]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" precision="5555" value="-57.2">57.2°W</geoCoordinate>
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, depth
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<quantity box="[318,391,285,310]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.18" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="618.0">
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<elevation box="[318,391,285,310]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.18" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="618.0">618 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<collectorName box="[403,510,286,309]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Van Veen</collectorName>
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grab, muddy bottom,
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<date box="[758,966,285,310]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" value="1970-09-01">
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<collectingDate box="[758,966,285,310]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" value="1970-09-01">1 September 1970</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="124" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="123.[151,1436,249,490]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,321,346]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Description.</emphasis>
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Four circular flattened hemispherical sponges each with a fringe of long spicules. The largest individual is shown in
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<figureCitation box="[410,493,357,382]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="123.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,542,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@123.[151,1436,542,1862]" captionTargetPageId="123" captionText="FIGURE 76. Radiella sol Schmidt, 1870, a, habitus of the largest individual of RMNH Por. 9364 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of cross section of another individual of RMNH Por. 9364, c – e, SEM images of spicules, c, subtylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, intermediate tylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, small tylostyle, e 1, details of e." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273027/files/figure.png" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Fig. 76</figureCitation>
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a. Upper surface provided with a few low papillae arranged around a slightly larger central papilla, hispid inbetween the papillae and covered with a thin layer of sediment. Undersurface conical, smooth. Sizes vary from
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<quantity box="[440,562,430,454]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="11.0">11–18 mm</quantity>
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in diameter,
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||
<quantity box="[715,810,429,454]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
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||
in thickness. Color pale beige in alcohol. Consistency tough.
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</paragraph>
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||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273027/files/figure.png" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" targetBox="[151,1436,542,1862]" targetPageId="123">
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||
<paragraph blockId="123.[151,1436,1884,1967]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,288,1884,1906]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">FIGURE 76.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName authority="Schmidt, 1870" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1870" box="[295,576,1884,1906]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Radiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sol">
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||
<taxonomicName authority="Schmidt" authorityName="Schmidt" box="[295,512,1884,1906]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Radiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sol">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[295,417,1884,1906]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Radiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sol">
|
||
<emphasis box="[295,417,1884,1906]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[295,381,1884,1906]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Radiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Radiella</taxonomicName>
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||
sol
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
Schmidt
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, 1870
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</taxonomicName>
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, a, habitus of the largest individual of RMNH Por. 9364 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of cross section of another individual of RMNH Por. 9364, c–e, SEM images of spicules, c, subtylostyle, c1, details of c, d, intermediate tylostyle, d1, details of d, e, small tylostyle, e1, details of e.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
<paragraph blockId="124.[151,1436,151,1256]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,309,151,176]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Skeleton.</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[326,409,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="123.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,542,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@123.[151,1436,542,1862]" captionTargetPageId="123" captionText="FIGURE 76. Radiella sol Schmidt, 1870, a, habitus of the largest individual of RMNH Por. 9364 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of cross section of another individual of RMNH Por. 9364, c – e, SEM images of spicules, c, subtylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, intermediate tylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, small tylostyle, e 1, details of e." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273027/files/figure.png" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Fig. 76</figureCitation>
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b) In cross section, from lower to upper parts the skeleton consist of a bed with thickness approximately 400–500 µm of long subtylostyles protruding far beyond the central disk as a fringe. Above this, there is a
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<quantity box="[268,337,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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thick confused mass of criss crossed tylostyles, on top of which there are tracts of longer and smaller tylostyles approximately
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||
<quantity box="[523,588,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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long, radiating towards the surface. Small tylostyles are concentrated at the surface but are also scattered in the tracts.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="124.[151,1436,151,1256]" box="[199,739,332,357]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,304,332,357]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Spicules.</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[319,404,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="123.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,542,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@123.[151,1436,542,1862]" captionTargetPageId="123" captionText="FIGURE 76. Radiella sol Schmidt, 1870, a, habitus of the largest individual of RMNH Por. 9364 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of cross section of another individual of RMNH Por. 9364, c – e, SEM images of spicules, c, subtylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, intermediate tylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, small tylostyle, e 1, details of e." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273027/files/figure.png" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Figs 76</figureCitation>
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c–e) Subtylostyles, tylostyles.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="124.[151,1436,151,1256]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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Subtylostyles (
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<figureCitation box="[372,470,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="123.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,542,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@123.[151,1436,542,1862]" captionTargetPageId="123" captionText="FIGURE 76. Radiella sol Schmidt, 1870, a, habitus of the largest individual of RMNH Por. 9364 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of cross section of another individual of RMNH Por. 9364, c – e, SEM images of spicules, c, subtylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, intermediate tylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, small tylostyle, e 1, details of e." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273027/files/figure.png" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Figs 76</figureCitation>
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||
c,c1), longest of the monactinal spicules, from the bottom parts of the skeleton, elongately fusiform, with style-like head (tyles not visible), mostly broken in the slides, unbroken spicules from
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||
<quantity box="[151,288,439,464]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" unit="mm" value="1.8" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.1 mm</quantity>
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||
, but presumably considerably longer up to
|
||
<quantity box="[772,837,440,464]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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||
or more, thickness 12–36 µm.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="124.[151,1436,151,1256]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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||
Intermediate tylostyles (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[481,577,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="123.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,542,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@123.[151,1436,542,1862]" captionTargetPageId="123" captionText="FIGURE 76. Radiella sol Schmidt, 1870, a, habitus of the largest individual of RMNH Por. 9364 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of cross section of another individual of RMNH Por. 9364, c – e, SEM images of spicules, c, subtylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, intermediate tylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, small tylostyle, e 1, details of e." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273027/files/figure.png" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Figs 76</figureCitation>
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||
d,d1), from the confused and subectosomal region, fusiform with clearly visible but faint terminal tyles, 744–
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||
<emphasis box="[557,599,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">859</emphasis>
|
||
–
|
||
<date box="[614,710,511,536]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" value="1212-10-06">1212 x 6</date>
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||
–
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||
<emphasis box="[725,774,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">14.2</emphasis>
|
||
–19 µm.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="124.[151,1436,151,1256]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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||
Small tylostyles of the ectosomal region (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[663,752,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="123.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,542,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@123.[151,1436,542,1862]" captionTargetPageId="123" captionText="FIGURE 76. Radiella sol Schmidt, 1870, a, habitus of the largest individual of RMNH Por. 9364 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of cross section of another individual of RMNH Por. 9364, c – e, SEM images of spicules, c, subtylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, intermediate tylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, small tylostyle, e 1, details of e." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273027/files/figure.png" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Figs 76</figureCitation>
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||
e,e1), with prominent terminal tyles, shaft often curved, usual fusiform, 195–
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||
<emphasis box="[317,359,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">335</emphasis>
|
||
–468
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||
<date box="[422,456,584,607]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">x 7</date>
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–
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<emphasis box="[471,516,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">11.1</emphasis>
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–13 µm.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="124.[151,1436,151,1256]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,503,620,645]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
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||
<collectingCountry box="[511,598,620,644]" name="Guyana" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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shelf,
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<collectingRegion box="[678,762,620,645]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Florida</collectingRegion>
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||
, Gulf of
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<collectingCountry box="[868,954,620,645]" name="Mexico" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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<collectingRegion box="[868,954,620,645]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Mexico</collectingRegion>
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</collectingCountry>
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(
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[971,1035,620,645]" name="Cuba" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
), also reported from the Arctic but this needs verification; depth range
|
||
<quantity box="[551,691,655,680]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.88" metricValueMax="11.76" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" unit="m" value="688.0" valueMax="1176.0" valueMin="200.0">200–1176 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[706,795,656,680]" name="Guyana" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shelf
|
||
<quantity box="[868,943,655,680]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.18" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" unit="m" value="618.0">618 m</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="124.[151,1436,151,1256]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726314" country="Guyana" elevation="1176" location="Schmidt's" municipality="Schmidt's" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,692,717]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The specimens from the
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[615,702,692,716]" name="Guyana" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
shelf are slightly smaller in diameter than
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[1208,1320,692,717]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Schmidt’s</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
specimen from
|
||
<quantity box="[214,299,727,752]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.176" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" unit="m" value="1176.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[214,299,727,752]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.176" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" unit="m" value="1176.0">1176 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
depth off
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[418,477,727,752]" name="Cuba" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity box="[494,554,728,752]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
, cf. Boury-Esnault 2002 (p. 213), and the upper surface is more flattened (cf. Boury-Esnault 2002 (fig. 10C).
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A80010772DFFD0FF14A4189281FB72:8EDEE7DD772BFFD0FE78A1979216FC8F" box="[507,619,764,789]" country="Guyana" municipality="Schmidt's" name="Schmidt's" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Schmidt’s</location>
|
||
drawing has a less convex flattened upper surface than shown by Boury- Esnault. In other aspects the
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[471,558,800,824]" name="Guyana" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
specimens are closely similar to the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[969,1021,800,824]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">type</typeStatus>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726317" country="Guyana" elevation="1800" location="There" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Azores" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A80010772DFFD0FF14A4189281FB72:8EDEE7DD772BFFD0FB84A0749435FCA2" box="[1031,1096,799,824]" country="Guyana" name="There" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" stateProvince="Azores">There</location>
|
||
is also considerable similarity (perhaps more so than with the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[516,564,837,861]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[720,856,836,861]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Radiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sol">
|
||
<emphasis box="[720,856,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Radiella sol</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) with specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Ridley & Dendy, 1886" authorityName="Ridley & Dendy" authorityYear="1886" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Trichostemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polymastiida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sarsii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1092,1321,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Trichostemma sarsii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ridley" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" refString="Ridley, S. O. & Dendy, A. (1886) Preliminary report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger'. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (5) 18, 325 - 351, 470 - 493." type="journal article" year="1886">Ridley & Dendy, 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[334,499,871,896]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Radiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sarsii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[334,499,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Radiella sarsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), described from the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[742,821,872,896]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Azores</collectingRegion>
|
||
at
|
||
<quantity box="[856,942,872,896]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" unit="m" value="1800.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[856,942,872,896]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
depth. Possibly, this is a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,285,908,933]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Radiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sol">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,285,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Radiella sol</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="124.[151,1436,151,1256]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
||
Recently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation box="[310,550,943,968]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" refString="Plotkin, A., Voigt, O., Willasen, E. & Rapp, H. T. (2016 b) (doi) Molecular phylogenies challenge the classification of Polymastiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae) based on morphology. Organisms Diversity & Evolution. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13127 - 016 - 0301 - 7" type="book">
|
||
Plotkin
|
||
<emphasis box="[398,455,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2016b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
sequenced a representative set of polymastiid species and found that the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,246,980,1005]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Radiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,246,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Radiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not monophyletic:
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Sars, 1872" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1872" box="[531,954,980,1005]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Radiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hemisphaerica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[531,802,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Radiella hemisphaerica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sars" box="[821,945,980,1004]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" refString="Sars, G. O. (1872) On some remarkable forms of animal life from the great deeps off the Norwegian coast. Part 1, (partly from posthumous manuscripts of the late prof. Mich. Sars. University Program for the 1 rst half-year 1869). Brogger, Christie, Christiania. i - viii, 82 pp." type="book" year="1872">Sars, 1872</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clustered with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1138,1264,980,1005]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1138,1264,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Polymastia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, while
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,316,1015,1040]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Radiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sarsii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,316,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Radiella sarsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was in the same strongly supported clade with
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Bowerbank, 1866" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1866" box="[860,1332,1015,1040]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Spinularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spinularia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[860,1102,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Spinularia spinularia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bowerbank" box="[1118,1324,1015,1040]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1866) A Monograph of the British Spongiadae. Vol. 2. Ray Society, London, i - xx, 388 pp." type="book" year="1866">Bowerbank, 1866</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1388,1436,1016,1040]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Gray, 1867" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[383,635,1052,1077]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Spinularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[383,501,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Spinularia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gray" box="[508,635,1052,1077]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" refString="Gray, J. E. (1867) Notes on the arrangement of Sponges, with the descriptions of some new genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867 (2), 492 - 558." type="journal article" year="1867">Gray, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Since
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[715,833,1052,1077]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Spinularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[715,833,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Spinularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an older name than
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Plotkin et al. (2016b)" authorityName="Plotkin et al." authorityYear="2016" box="[1087,1436,1052,1077]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Radiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1087,1182,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Radiella</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation box="[1196,1436,1052,1077]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" refString="Plotkin, A., Voigt, O., Willasen, E. & Rapp, H. T. (2016 b) (doi) Molecular phylogenies challenge the classification of Polymastiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae) based on morphology. Organisms Diversity & Evolution. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13127 - 016 - 0301 - 7" type="book">
|
||
Plotkin
|
||
<emphasis box="[1284,1340,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2016b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
concluded that
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[329,424,1087,1112]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Radiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[329,424,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Radiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[711,829,1087,1112]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Spinularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[711,829,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Spinularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, this conclusion is premature because the properties of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[311,406,1124,1149]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Radiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[311,406,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Radiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are determined by the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[692,740,1125,1149]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[853,993,1124,1149]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Radiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sol">
|
||
<emphasis box="[853,993,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Radiella sol</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has not been included in the molecular study. Even though it is likely that
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[694,834,1159,1184]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Radiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sol">
|
||
<emphasis box="[694,834,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Radiella sol</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—because it is quite similar morphologicallly to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Radiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sarsii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">R. sarsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—is indeed close to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[456,574,1196,1221]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Spinularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[456,574,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Spinularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, I refrain from reassigning the present species to that genus until reliably identified material of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[394,529,1231,1256]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Radiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sol">
|
||
<emphasis box="[394,529,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Radiella sol</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been sequenced.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |