treatments-xml/data/03/A8/00/03A800107721FFD4FF14A444931FFEDA.xml

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<mods:title>Sponges of the Guyana Shelf</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<paragraph blockId="118.[151,850,1839,1898]" box="[151,850,1839,1865]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,850,1839,1865]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" reason="1">
<taxonomicName authority="Diaz, Alvarez &amp; Van Soest, 1987" authorityName="Diaz, Alvarez &amp; Van Soest" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,850,1839,1865]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Prosuberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laughlini">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,850,1839,1865]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,421,1839,1865]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Prosuberites laughlini</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Diaz" box="[436,842,1839,1865]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refString="Diaz, M. C., Alvarez, B. &amp; Van Soest, R. W. M. (1987) New species of Demospongiae (Porifera) from the national park ' Archipielago de Los Roques', Venezuela. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 57 (1), 31 - 41. Avaliable from: http: // www. reposito ry. naturalis. nl / document / 547591 (Accessed 11 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article" year="1987">Díaz, Alvarez &amp; Van Soest, 1987</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="118.[151,850,1839,1898]" box="[151,309,1873,1898]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<figureCitation box="[151,270,1873,1898]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="119.[151,250,1046,1068]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1024]" captionTargetId="figure@119.[151,1436,195,1024]" captionTargetPageId="119" captionText="FIGURE 73. Prosuberites laughlini (Díaz, Alvarez &amp; Van Soest, 1987), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 10543 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of the skeleton encrusting carbonate rubble, c – e, SEM images of spicules, c, large tylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, intermediate tylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, small tylostyle, e 1, details of e." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273024/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Figures 73</figureCitation>
a–e
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="118" pageNumber="119" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="118.[151,959,1945,1998]" box="[151,908,1945,1967]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,908,1945,1967]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName authority="Diaz, Alvarez &amp; Van Soest, 1987: 33" authorityName="Diaz, Alvarez &amp; Van Soest" authorityPageNumber="33" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,719,1945,1967]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Eurypon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laughlini">
<emphasis box="[151,336,1945,1967]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Eurypon laughlini</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation author="Diaz" box="[342,719,1945,1967]" page="33" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation author="Diaz" box="[342,682,1945,1967]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refString="Diaz, M. C., Alvarez, B. &amp; Van Soest, R. W. M. (1987) New species of Demospongiae (Porifera) from the national park ' Archipielago de Los Roques', Venezuela. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 57 (1), 31 - 41. Avaliable from: http: // www. reposito ry. naturalis. nl / document / 547591 (Accessed 11 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article" year="1987">Díaz, Alvarez &amp; Van Soest, 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 33
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. IA, text-fig. 2.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="118.[151,959,1945,1998]" box="[151,959,1976,1998]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,959,1976,1998]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName box="[151,376,1976,1998]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Prosuberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laughlini">
<emphasis box="[151,376,1976,1998]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Prosuberites laughlini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Nichols" box="[390,567,1976,1998]" page="82" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation author="Nichols" box="[390,530,1976,1998]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refString="Nichols, S. A. (2005) An evaluation of support for order-level monophyly and interrelationships within the class Demospongiae using partial data from the large subunit rDNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 34 (1), 81 - 96." type="journal article" year="2005">Nichols 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 82
</treatmentCitation>
, 84 (table 1A); 
<treatmentCitation author="Rutzler" box="[726,955,1976,1998]" page="44" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation author="Rutzler" box="[726,917,1976,1998]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refString="Rutzler, K., Piantoni, C., Van Soest, R. W. M. &amp; Diaz, M. C. (2014) Diversity of sponges (Porifera) from cryptic habitats on the Belize barrier reef near Carrie Bow Cay. Zootaxa, 3805 (1), 1 - 129. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3805.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Rützler 
<emphasis box="[806,858,1976,1998]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
: 44
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273024/files/figure.png" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" targetBox="[151,1436,195,1024]" targetPageId="119">
<paragraph blockId="119.[151,1435,1046,1129]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,288,1046,1068]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">FIGURE 73.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Diaz, Alvarez &amp; Van Soest, 1987" authorityName="Diaz, Alvarez &amp; Van Soest" authorityYear="1987" box="[293,881,1046,1068]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Prosuberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laughlini">
<taxonomicName box="[293,520,1046,1068]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Prosuberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laughlini">
<emphasis box="[293,520,1046,1068]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<taxonomicName box="[293,422,1046,1068]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Prosuberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Prosuberites</taxonomicName>
laughlini
</emphasis>
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(Díaz, Alvarez &amp; Van Soest, 1987)
</taxonomicName>
, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 10543 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of the skeleton encrusting carbonate rubble, c–e, SEM images of spicules, c, large tylostyle, c1, details of c, d, intermediate tylostyle, d1, details of d, e, small tylostyle, e1, details of e.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="119" pageNumber="120" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="119.[151,1437,1168,2024]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726295" collectingDate="1966-05-07" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Snellius O. C. P. S." country="Suriname" elevation="64" latitude="7.28" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="555" longitude="-56.7933" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,389,1168,1193]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode box="[401,485,1169,1192]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 10543, 
<collectingCountry box="[642,752,1168,1193]" name="Suriname" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Suriname</collectingCountry>
, ‘ 
<collectorName box="[772,979,1168,1193]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Snellius O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
’ 
<collectingCountry box="[996,1083,1169,1193]" name="Guyana" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station G7, 
<geoCoordinate box="[151,231,1205,1229]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" precision="555" value="7.28">7.28°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[238,367,1204,1229]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" precision="5" value="-56.7933">56.7933°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<quantity box="[447,507,1204,1229]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" unit="m" value="64.0">
<elevation box="[447,507,1204,1229]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" unit="m" value="64.0">64 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, bottom sand, 
<date box="[670,809,1204,1229]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" value="1966-05-07">
<collectingDate box="[670,809,1204,1229]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" value="1966-05-07">7 May 1966</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="119" pageNumber="120" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="119.[151,1437,1168,2024]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,1240,1265]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Description.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[360,443,1240,1265]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="119.[151,250,1046,1068]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1024]" captionTargetId="figure@119.[151,1436,195,1024]" captionTargetPageId="119" captionText="FIGURE 73. Prosuberites laughlini (Díaz, Alvarez &amp; Van Soest, 1987), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 10543 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of the skeleton encrusting carbonate rubble, c – e, SEM images of spicules, c, large tylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, intermediate tylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, small tylostyle, e 1, details of e." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273024/files/figure.png" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Fig. 73</figureCitation>
a) Thinly encrusting and consolidating pieces of shells and limestone. Lateral extension several cm2, thickness 
<quantity box="[413,513,1280,1304]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
. Surface provided with faint venal pattern. Microhispid. Color (in alcohol) pale beige. Consistency soft.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="119.[151,1437,1168,2024]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,309,1351,1376]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Skeleton.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[326,409,1351,1376]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="119.[151,250,1046,1068]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1024]" captionTargetId="figure@119.[151,1436,195,1024]" captionTargetPageId="119" captionText="FIGURE 73. Prosuberites laughlini (Díaz, Alvarez &amp; Van Soest, 1987), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 10543 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of the skeleton encrusting carbonate rubble, c – e, SEM images of spicules, c, large tylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, intermediate tylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, small tylostyle, e 1, details of e." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273024/files/figure.png" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Fig. 73</figureCitation>
b) Single tylostyles and groups of tylostyles stand erect on a basal spongin plate, all with points directed upwards, carrying the surface membrane, the longer spicules protruding beyond it. 
<collectingRegion box="[1313,1347,1388,1411]" country="Haiti" name="Nord" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">No</collectingRegion>
special ectosomal skeleton.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="119.[151,1437,1168,2024]" box="[199,636,1459,1484]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,304,1459,1484]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Spicules.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[319,403,1459,1484]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="119.[151,250,1046,1068]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1024]" captionTargetId="figure@119.[151,1436,195,1024]" captionTargetPageId="119" captionText="FIGURE 73. Prosuberites laughlini (Díaz, Alvarez &amp; Van Soest, 1987), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 10543 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of the skeleton encrusting carbonate rubble, c – e, SEM images of spicules, c, large tylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, intermediate tylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, small tylostyle, e 1, details of e." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273024/files/figure.png" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Figs 73</figureCitation>
c–e) Tylostyles only.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="119.[151,1437,1168,2024]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
Tylostyles, with prominent tyles but grading into the shaft, not abruptly set off from the shaft, in an extreme size range, divisible with considerable overlap in three length categories, with thickness almost the same in all three, (1) larger (
<figureCitation box="[231,320,1567,1592]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="119.[151,250,1046,1068]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1024]" captionTargetId="figure@119.[151,1436,195,1024]" captionTargetPageId="119" captionText="FIGURE 73. Prosuberites laughlini (Díaz, Alvarez &amp; Van Soest, 1987), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 10543 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of the skeleton encrusting carbonate rubble, c – e, SEM images of spicules, c, large tylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, intermediate tylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, small tylostyle, e 1, details of e." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273024/files/figure.png" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Figs 73</figureCitation>
c,c1) 984– 
<date box="[434,558,1567,1592]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" value="1148" valueMax="1425">
<emphasis box="[434,486,1568,1592]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">1148</emphasis>
–1425
</date>
x 11– 
<emphasis box="[628,677,1568,1592]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">13.4</emphasis>
–16 µm, (2) intermediate (
<figureCitation box="[973,1061,1567,1592]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="119.[151,250,1046,1068]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1024]" captionTargetId="figure@119.[151,1436,195,1024]" captionTargetPageId="119" captionText="FIGURE 73. Prosuberites laughlini (Díaz, Alvarez &amp; Van Soest, 1987), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 10543 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of the skeleton encrusting carbonate rubble, c – e, SEM images of spicules, c, large tylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, intermediate tylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, small tylostyle, e 1, details of e." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273024/files/figure.png" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Figs 73</figureCitation>
d,d1) 402– 
<emphasis box="[1180,1222,1568,1591]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">555</emphasis>
–719 
<date box="[1285,1331,1568,1592]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" value="2011-10">x 11</date>
– 
<emphasis box="[1347,1392,1568,1592]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">11.9</emphasis>
–14 µm, and (3) smallest (
<figureCitation box="[396,485,1603,1628]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="119.[151,250,1046,1068]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1024]" captionTargetId="figure@119.[151,1436,195,1024]" captionTargetPageId="119" captionText="FIGURE 73. Prosuberites laughlini (Díaz, Alvarez &amp; Van Soest, 1987), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 10543 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of the skeleton encrusting carbonate rubble, c – e, SEM images of spicules, c, large tylostyle, c 1, details of c, d, intermediate tylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, small tylostyle, e 1, details of e." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273024/files/figure.png" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Figs 73</figureCitation>
e,e1) 218–271–336 
<date box="[704,738,1603,1628]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">x 6</date>
– 
<emphasis box="[753,788,1604,1628]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">9.2</emphasis>
–13 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="119" pageNumber="120" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="119.[151,1437,1168,2024]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,502,1639,1664]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry box="[510,597,1640,1664]" name="Guyana" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf, Los Roques (
<collectingCountry box="[830,952,1639,1664]" name="Venezuela" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
), 
<collectingCountry box="[972,1068,1640,1664]" name="Curaçao" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
, rocky and sandy bottoms, from shallow-water down to 
<quantity box="[415,471,1675,1700]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" unit="m" value="64.0">64 m</quantity>
(previously 
<quantity box="[613,702,1675,1700]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" unit="m" value="21.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="7.0">7–35 m</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="120" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="119.[151,1437,1168,2024]" lastBlockId="120.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="120" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726283" collectionCode="ZMA" collectorName="Van Soest" country="Dominican Republic" lastPageId="120" lastPageNumber="121" location="the Dominican" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,1711,1736]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Remarks.</emphasis>
The recognition of the true presence of the genus 
<taxonomicName box="[913,1055,1711,1736]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Prosuberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[913,1055,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Prosuberites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Caribbean fauna is rather recent. The earliest records of 
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<emphasis box="[517,659,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Prosuberites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, 
<taxonomicName authority="De Laubenfels, 1936" authorityName="De Laubenfels" authorityYear="1936" box="[772,1205,1747,1772]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Prosuberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="microsclerus">
<emphasis box="[772,948,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">P. microsclerus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="De" box="[960,1205,1747,1772]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" refString="De Laubenfels, M. W. (1936) A discussion of the sponge fauna of the Dry Tortugas, in particular, and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication, 467 (Tortugas Laboratory Paper, 30, 1 - 225." type="journal article" year="1936">De Laubenfels, 1936</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(from Florida) and 
<taxonomicName authority="Van Soest &amp; Sass, 1981" authorityName="Van Soest &amp; Sass" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,661,1783,1808]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Prosuberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="geracei">
<emphasis box="[151,384,1783,1808]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Prosuberites geracei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Van" box="[392,661,1784,1808]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. &amp; Sass, D. B. (1981) Amsterdam expeditions to the West Indian Islands, report 13. Marine sponges from an island cave on San Salvador Island, Bahamas. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 51 (2), 332 - 344. Avaliable from: http: // www. repository. naturalis. nl / document / 548016 (Accessed 11 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article" year="1981">Van Soest &amp; Sass, 1981</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(from the Bahamas) turned out to be members of the genera 
<taxonomicName authority="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Terpios" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1353,1433,1784,1807]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Terpios</emphasis>
Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="Swartschewsky, 1905" authorityName="Swartschewsky" authorityYear="1905" box="[570,982,1819,1844]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Protosuberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[570,734,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Protosuberites</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Swartschewsky" box="[740,982,1819,1844]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" refString="Swartschewsky, B. (1905) Materialui faunui ghubok Chernaghomorya (Monaxonida). (Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Schwamm- Fauna des Schwarzen Meeres). Zapiski Kievskago obshchestva estestvoispytatelei (Memoires de la Societ des Naturalistes de Kiew), 20 (1), 1 - 48. [in Russian], [German summary, 49 - 59]" type="journal article" year="1905">Swartschewsky, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
respectively (see 
<bibRefCitation author="Van" box="[1183,1425,1819,1844]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M., Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K., de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K. R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M., Diaz, M. C., Cardenas, P. &amp; Carballo, J. L. (2016) World Porifera database. Avaliable from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera on 2016 - 05 - 21 (Accessed 11 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article" year="2016">
<collectorName box="[1183,1294,1820,1844]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Van Soest</collectorName>
<emphasis box="[1301,1357,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
). Previous assignments of specimens with the skeletal structure and spiculation described above were made by 
<bibRefCitation pageId="119" pageNumber="120" refString="Diaz, M. C., Alvarez, B. &amp; Van Soest, R. W. M. (1987) New species of Demospongiae (Porifera) from the national park ' Archipielago de Los Roques', Venezuela. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 57 (1), 31 - 41. Avaliable from: http: // www. reposito ry. naturalis. nl / document / 547591 (Accessed 11 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article">
Díaz 
<emphasis box="[151,210,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">et al.</emphasis>
(1987)
</bibRefCitation>
to the raspailiid genus 
<taxonomicName box="[565,661,1893,1916]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Eurypon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[565,661,1893,1916]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Eurypon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as 
<taxonomicName box="[703,838,1891,1916]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Prosuberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laughlini">
<emphasis box="[703,838,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">E. laughlini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and by 
<bibRefCitation author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[934,1179,1891,1916]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" refString="Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1986) A collection of West Indian Demospongiae (Porifera). In appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the West Indies. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria, 86, 65 - 216." type="journal article" year="1986">Pulitzer-Finali (1986)</bibRefCitation>
to the suberitid genus 
<taxonomicName box="[151,308,1927,1952]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymerhabdiidae" genus="Laxosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[151,308,1927,1952]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Laxosuberites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as 
<taxonomicName box="[365,563,1927,1952]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymerhabdiidae" genus="Laxosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="psammophilus">
<emphasis box="[365,563,1927,1952]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">L. psammophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(a species from 
<collectingCountry box="[774,947,1927,1952]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">the Dominican</collectingCountry>
Republic). 
<bibRefCitation author="Nichols" box="[1091,1267,1927,1952]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" refString="Nichols, S. A. (2005) An evaluation of support for order-level monophyly and interrelationships within the class Demospongiae using partial data from the large subunit rDNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 34 (1), 81 - 96." type="journal article" year="2005">Nichols (2005)</bibRefCitation>
reassigned 
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Prosuberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laughlini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">E. laughlini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName box="[287,429,1963,1988]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Prosuberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[287,429,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Prosuberites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of molecular sequence analysis. 
<bibRefCitation box="[938,1165,1963,1988]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" refString="Rutzler, K., Piantoni, C., Van Soest, R. W. M. &amp; Diaz, M. C. (2014) Diversity of sponges (Porifera) from cryptic habitats on the Belize barrier reef near Carrie Bow Cay. Zootaxa, 3805 (1), 1 - 129. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3805.1.1" type="journal article">
Rützler 
<emphasis box="[1027,1083,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
by inference reassigned 
<taxonomicName box="[151,348,1999,2024]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymerhabdiidae" genus="Laxosuberites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="psammophilus">
<emphasis box="[151,348,1999,2024]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">L. psammophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName box="[396,538,1999,2024]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Prosuberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[396,538,1999,2024]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Prosuberites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These last authors added a third species, 
<taxonomicName authority="Rutzler, Diaz, Piantoni &amp; Van Soest, 2014" authorityName="Rutzler, Diaz, Piantoni &amp; Van Soest" authorityYear="2014" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Prosuberites" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="120" lastPageNumber="121" order="Hadromerida" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carriebowensis">
<emphasis box="[1057,1261,1999,2024]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">P. carriebowensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Rutzler" lastPageId="120" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" refString="Rutzler, K., Piantoni, C., Van Soest, R. W. M. &amp; Diaz, M. C. (2014) Diversity of sponges (Porifera) from cryptic habitats on the Belize barrier reef near Carrie Bow Cay. Zootaxa, 3805 (1), 1 - 129. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3805.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">Rützler, Díaz, Piantoni &amp; Van Soest, 2014</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(from 
<collectingCountry box="[536,609,151,176]" name="Belize" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Belize</collectingCountry>
) to the genus. All three species appear quite similar differing in thickness, sand content and surface characters (
<bibRefCitation author="Rutzler" box="[564,779,188,213]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" refString="Rutzler, K., Piantoni, C., Van Soest, R. W. M. &amp; Diaz, M. C. (2014) Diversity of sponges (Porifera) from cryptic habitats on the Belize barrier reef near Carrie Bow Cay. Zootaxa, 3805 (1), 1 - 129. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3805.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Rützler 
<emphasis box="[655,712,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
), but due to the variability of tylostyle lengths and shapes, the distinction is not easy. The identification of the present material to 
<taxonomicName box="[1006,1140,223,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Prosuberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laughlini">
<emphasis box="[1006,1140,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">P. laughlini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is made on the basis of comparison with the 
<typeStatus box="[388,436,261,285]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">type</typeStatus>
material of 
<taxonomicName box="[574,703,260,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Prosuberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laughlini">
<emphasis box="[574,703,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">P. laughlini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<typeStatus box="[717,824,261,285]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">paratypes</typeStatus>
<collectionCode box="[832,894,260,284]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">ZMA</collectionCode>
Por. 0 5839 and 0 5830 from Curaçao. These are strikingly similar in spicular characters to the present specimen.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>