219 lines
28 KiB
XML
219 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="91B09D63441B50AC085211D0713B199A" ID-DOI="10.1206/618.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5389649" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630311008562" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Chakrabarty, Prosanta & Sparks, John S." docDate="2008" docId="03A387F9FF85FFEAC30EFF50CEE26B86" docLanguage="en" docName="N3623.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 3623 (1)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F618.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001.3:AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Leiognathus Lacepede 1802" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="FF9AFF81FF87FFEEC02AFFAFCF486828" masterDocTitle="Diagnoses for Leiognathus Lacepède 1802, Equula Cuvier 1815, Equulites Fowler 1904, Eubleekeria Fowler 1904, and a New Ponyfish Genus (Teleostei: Leiognathidae)" masterLastPageNumber="12" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1699222554231" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="93FEE52CB1A8817E12343116FDDA399B">Diagnoses for Leiognathus Lacepède 1802, Equula Cuvier 1815, Equulites Fowler 1904, Eubleekeria Fowler 1904, and a New Ponyfish Genus (Teleostei: Leiognathidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B33930CF5FFA3F0F0CB78DF8FB3A6348">Chakrabarty, Prosanta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6A9B2433B8382A22F8032D06201A4C5A">Sparks, John S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="62F06B5A985EFF8E31BE122672F84EE2">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="71EFF6E2FA4051F77FD3C2B4DC2CCD4B">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0ED014F623B3444FF0D52A0C54DAD2CD">2008-08-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="399C6D983A91175D070FDDDF2EAC715C">3623</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="17B98047F576E7F517A976279B59F6C4" type="DOI">10.1206/618.1</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C3106564FF85FFECC30EFF50CCBD6917" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB536EFFF85FFECC30EFF50CB2D693E" blockId="2.[804,1125,254,279]" box="[804,1125,254,279]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D6CFF85FFECC30EFF50CB2D693E" ID-CoL="5BWS" ID-ENA="218801" authority="Lacepede, 1802" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1802" box="[804,1125,254,279]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAFDFF85FFECC30EFF50CCE4693F" box="[804,940,255,279]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Leiognathus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B1EFF85FFECC39EFF51CB2D693E" author="Lacepede, B. G. E." box="[948,1125,254,278]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref6234" refString="Lacepede, B. G. E. 1802. Histoire naturelle des poissons 4. Paris: Plassan." type="book" year="1802">Lacepède, 1802</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB536EFFF85FFECC3BEFE88CCBD6917" blockId="2.[916,1013,295,319]" box="[916,1013,295,319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="D0FD8183FF85FFECC3BEFE88CCBD6917" box="[916,1013,295,319]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="7">
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<figureCitation id="13312A6AFF85FFECC3BEFE88CCBD6917" box="[916,1013,295,319]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[151,198,1545,1567]" captionText="Figs. 2–6. Coloration of ponyfishes. 2A, Leiognathus equulus, AMNH 242134, 182.7 mm SL; coloration in life. 2B, Leiognathus robustus, UMMZ 242144, holotype, 183.4 mm SL; coloration in preservation. 2C, Leiognathus striatus, WHT PC-183, 173.6 mm SL; coloration in life. 3A, Equula longispinis, AMNH 242135, 160.6 mm SL; coloration in life. 3B, Equula fasciata, AMNH uncat., 119.2 mm SL, coloration in life. 4A, Equulites leuciscus, AMNH uncat., ca. 80 mm SL; coloration in life. 4B, Equulites laterofenestra, AMNH 241311, 100.1 mm SL; coloration in life. 5, Eubleekeria splendens, WHT PC-166, 68 mm SL, type species of genus; coloration in life. 6A, Karalla daura, WHT PC-187, 97.8 mm SL, type species of genus; coloration in life. 6B, Karalla dussumieri, MNHN A-6721, holotype; coloration in preservation." pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3106564FF85FFECC2F2FEFCCB4F69CA" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB536EFFF85FFECC2F2FEFCCDB769A0" blockId="2.[701,1228,339,1754]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<materialsCitation id="3B623CB2FF85FFECC2F2FEFCCDB369A0" collectionCode="SPECIES" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54B1884DFF85FFECC2F2FEFCCC586941" box="[728,784,339,363]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">TYPE</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode id="ED1BAE2AFF85FFECC332FEFCCC216941" box="[792,873,339,363]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">SPECIES</collectionCode>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D6CFF85FFECC3A1FEFCCDB369A0" authority="(Forsskal, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Forsskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="equulus">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAFDFF85FFECC3A1FEFCCB146943" box="[907,1116,339,363]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Leiognathus equulus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B1EFF85FFECC443FEFCCDBB69A0" author="Forsskal, P." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref5734" refString="Forsskal, P. 1775. Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit. Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr: 1 - 20 + i - xxxiv + 1 - 164, Hauniae [Copenhagen]: Moller." type="book" year="1775">Forsskål, 1775</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB536EFFF85FFECC2F2FE20CB4F69CA" blockId="2.[701,1228,339,1754]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<collectionCode id="ED1BAE2AFF85FFECC2F2FE20CCBF698D" box="[728,1015,399,423]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">OTHER INCLUDED SPECIES</collectionCode>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D6CFF85FFECC433FE20CB7669EC" authority="Sparks and Dunlap, 2004" authorityName="Sparks and Dunlap" authorityYear="2004" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAFDFF85FFECC433FE20CC4A69ED" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Leiognathus robustus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B1EFF85FFECC324FE03CB7669EC" author="Sparks, J. S. & P. V. Dunlap" box="[782,1086,428,452]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref6549" refString="Sparks, J. S., and P. V. Dunlap. 2004. A clade of non-sexually dimorphic ponyfishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Leiognathidae): phylogeny, taxonomy, and description of a new species. American Museum Novitates 3459: 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="2004">Sparks and Dunlap, 2004</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D6CFF85FFECC464FE02CB4B69CA" authority=", James and Badrudeen, 1990" authorityName=", James and Badrudeen" authorityYear="1990" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="striatus">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAFDFF85FFECC464FE02CB8C69ED" box="[1102,1220,429,453]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">L. striatus</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B1EFF85FFECC297FE65CB4B69CA" author="James, P. S. B. R. & M. Badrudeen" box="[701,1027,458,482]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="217 - 226" refId="ref6082" refString="James, P. S. B. R., and M. Badrudeen. 1990. A new species of silverbelly Leiognathus striatus (Family Leiognathidae: Pisces) from the Gulf of Mannar, India and redescription of Leiognathus fasciatus (Lacepede). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India 32: 217 - 226." type="journal article" year="1990">James and Badrudeen, 1990</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3106564FF85FFECC2F2FE47CC586A99" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BB536EFFF85FFECC2F2FE47CC586A99" blockId="2.[701,1228,339,1754]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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DIAGNOSIS: Members of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D6CFF85FFECC43BFE47CBD16A28" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1802" box="[1041,1177,488,512]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAFDFF85FFECC43BFE47CBD16A28" box="[1041,1177,488,512]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Leiognathus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are distinguished from all other leiognathids by a combination of large adult body size (.
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<quantity id="4CF29B0AFF85FFECC2F6FDEECC716A71" box="[732,825,577,601]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="150.0">150 mm</quantity>
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SL), the absence of large round blotches of pigment on the flank, and the presence of a strongly ventrally protracting mouth.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3106564FF85FFEAC2F2FD17CEE26B86" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB536EFFF85FFEAC2F2FD17CD6F69FE" blockId="2.[701,1228,339,1754]" lastBlockId="4.[128,654,211,942]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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REMARKS: Members of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D6CFF85FFECC3DEFD17CB346AF8" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1802" box="[1012,1148,696,720]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAFDFF85FFECC3DEFD17CB346AF8" box="[1012,1148,696,720]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Leiognathus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be further distinguished from all other ponyfishes, except
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D6CFF85FFECC342FD5CCCFE6B23" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1815" box="[872,950,755,779]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAFDFF85FFECC342FD5CCCFE6B23" box="[872,950,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Equula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by the presence of a nonsexually dimorphic light organ. The absence of flank pigmentation or the possession of faint yellowish or grayish-yellow vermiculate lines or vertical bars on the dorsal flank also distinguishes members of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D6CFF85FFECC46EFC28CB846BB7" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1802" box="[1092,1228,903,927]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAFDFF85FFECC46EFC28CB846BB7" box="[1092,1228,903,927]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Leiognathus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from all other ponyfishes, except
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D6CFF85FFECC45CFC0BCB8C6B94" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1815" box="[1142,1220,932,956]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAFDFF85FFECC45CFC0BCB8C6B94" box="[1142,1220,932,956]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Equula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Members of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D6CFF85FFECC344FC6DCCBE6BF2" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1802" box="[878,1014,962,986]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAFDFF85FFECC344FC6DCCBE6BF2" box="[878,1014,962,986]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Leiognathus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be further distinguished from members of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D6CFF85FFECC406FC70CB326BDF" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1815" box="[1068,1146,991,1015]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAFDFF85FFECC406FC70CB326BDF" box="[1068,1146,991,1015]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Equula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the presence of a strongly concave lower jaw profile (versus straight or nearly straight in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D6CFF85FFECC297FB97CC436C78" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1815" box="[701,779,1080,1104]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAFDFF85FFECC297FB97CC436C78" box="[701,779,1080,1104]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Equula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). All explicit phylogenetic studies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D6CFF85FFECC297FBFACC286C45" authorityName="T.N.Gill" authorityYear="1893" box="[701,864,1109,1133]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Leiognathidae</taxonomicName>
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to date have recovered a paraphyletic
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<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D6CFF85FFECC349FBDCCCA36CA3" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1802" box="[867,1003,1139,1163]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97EEAFDFF85FFECC349FBDCCCA36CA3" box="[867,1003,1139,1163]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Leiognathus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B1EFF85FFECC420FBDCCDBD6C80" author="Ikejima, K. & N. B. Ishiguro & M. Wada & M. Nishida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="904 - 909" refId="ref5986" refString="Ikejima, K., N. B. Ishiguro, M. Wada, K. Kita- Tsukamoto, and M. Nishida. 2004. Molecular phylogeny and possible scenario of ponyfish (Perciformes: Leiognathidae) evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 31: 904 - 909." type="journal article" year="2004">Ikejima et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B1EFF85FFECC323FB3FCB0E6C80" author="Sparks, J. S. & P. V. Dunlap" box="[777,1094,1168,1192]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref6549" refString="Sparks, J. S., and P. V. Dunlap. 2004. A clade of non-sexually dimorphic ponyfishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Leiognathidae): phylogeny, taxonomy, and description of a new species. American Museum Novitates 3459: 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="2004">Sparks and Dunlap, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B1EFF85FFECC470FB3FCC6D6CEE" author="Sparks, J. S. & P. V. Dunlap & W. L. Smith" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="305 - 327" refId="ref6599" refString="Sparks, J. S., P. V. Dunlap, and W. L. Smith. 2005. Evolution and diversification of a sexually dimorphic luminescent system in ponyfishes (Teleostei: Leiognathidae), including diagnoses for two new genera. Cladistics 21: 305 - 327." type="journal article" year="2005">Sparks et al., 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Chakrabarty et al., MS). In accordance with the results of these studies, we restrict the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D6CFF85FFECC3B4FB46CB6E6D29" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1802" box="[926,1062,1257,1281]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAFDFF85FFECC3B4FB46CB6E6D29" box="[926,1062,1257,1281]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Leiognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the clade containing the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B1884DFF85FFECC343FAA8CCD16D37" box="[873,921,1287,1311]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D6CFF85FFECC3D5FAA8CCEA6D14" authority="(Forsskal, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Forsskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="equulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAFDFF85FFECC3D5FAA8CD946D14" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Leiognathus equulus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B1EFF85FFECC2C4FA8BCCD16D14" author="Forsskal, P." box="[750,921,1316,1340]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref5734" refString="Forsskal, P. 1775. Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit. Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr: 1 - 20 + i - xxxiv + 1 - 164, Hauniae [Copenhagen]: Moller." type="book" year="1775">Forsskål, 1775</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B1EFF85FFECC3CAFA8BCDBE6D72" author="Sparks, J. S. & P. V. Dunlap" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref6549" refString="Sparks, J. S., and P. V. Dunlap. 2004. A clade of non-sexually dimorphic ponyfishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Leiognathidae): phylogeny, taxonomy, and description of a new species. American Museum Novitates 3459: 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="2004">Sparks and Dunlap, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and two other described species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D6CFF85FFECC297FACFCDBD6DBD" authority="Sparks and Dunlap, 2004" authorityName="Sparks and Dunlap" authorityYear="2004" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAFDFF85FFECC297FACFCCFF6D50" box="[701,951,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Leiognathus robustus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B1EFF85FFECC3E1FAF0CDBD6DBD" author="Sparks, J. S. & P. V. Dunlap" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref6549" refString="Sparks, J. S., and P. V. Dunlap. 2004. A clade of non-sexually dimorphic ponyfishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Leiognathidae): phylogeny, taxonomy, and description of a new species. American Museum Novitates 3459: 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="2004">Sparks and Dunlap, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D6CFF85FFECC360FAD2CCCC6D9A" authority="James and Badrudeen, 1990" authorityName=", James and Badrudeen" authorityYear="1990" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="striatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAFDFF85FFECC360FAD2CB7E6DBD" box="[842,1078,1405,1429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Leiognathus striatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B1EFF85FFECC463FAD2CCCC6D9A" author="James, P. S. B. R. & M. Badrudeen" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="217 - 226" refId="ref6082" refString="James, P. S. B. R., and M. Badrudeen. 1990. A new species of silverbelly Leiognathus striatus (Family Leiognathidae: Pisces) from the Gulf of Mannar, India and redescription of Leiognathus fasciatus (Lacepede). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India 32: 217 - 226." type="journal article" year="1990">James and Badrudeen, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species rarely mentioned in the literature and even more rarely encountered in museum collections. This restricted concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D6CFF85FFECC366FA5CCC9C6E23" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1802" box="[844,980,1523,1547]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAFDFF85FFECC366FA5CCC9C6E23" box="[844,980,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Leiognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recovered as the sister group to all other members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D6CFF85FFECC297F981CC2B6E6E" authorityName="T.N.Gill" authorityYear="1893" box="[701,867,1582,1606]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Leiognathidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, less
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D6CFF85FFECC391F980CB416E6F" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1815" box="[955,1033,1583,1607]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAFDFF85FFECC391F980CB416E6F" box="[955,1033,1583,1607]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Equula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 1). Other ponyfish species in the literature currently referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D6CFF85FFECC36DF9C6CC876EA9" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1802" box="[839,975,1641,1665]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAFDFF85FFECC36DF9C6CC876EA9" box="[839,975,1641,1665]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Leiognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but not included in our restricted concept of this genus, are provided novel or resurrected generic assignments below on the basis of apomorphic morphological features. The lineage labeled ‘‘‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAFDFF83FFEAC0BFFF5ECFE66921" box="[149,174,241,265]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">L.</emphasis>
|
||
’ sp. Sri Lanka’’ in figure 1 is recovered as a member of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D6CFF83FFEAC13EFEA1CED4690E" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1802" box="[276,412,270,294]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAFDFF83FFEAC13EFEA1CED4690E" box="[276,412,270,294]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Leiognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Chakrabarty et al. (MS). The taxonomy of this group is further dealt with in that manuscript rather than here, because the species-level status of ‘‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAFDFF83FFEAC23FFEC9CD666956" box="[533,558,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">L.</emphasis>
|
||
’’ sp.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31D767FFF83FFEAC247FEC9CF8269B4" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
cannot be determined due to a lack of morphological vouchers (only a tissue sample was available to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B1EFF83FFEAC168FE11CD5369FE" author="Sparks, J. S. & P. V. Dunlap & W. L. Smith" box="[322,539,446,470]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="305 - 327" refId="ref6599" refString="Sparks, J. S., P. V. Dunlap, and W. L. Smith. 2005. Evolution and diversification of a sexually dimorphic luminescent system in ponyfishes (Teleostei: Leiognathidae), including diagnoses for two new genera. Cladistics 21: 305 - 327." type="journal article" year="2005">Sparks et al., 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB536EFFF83FFEAC0B0FE72CEE26B86" blockId="4.[128,654,211,942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D6CFF83FFEAC0B0FE72CECC69DD" authorityName=", James and Badrudeen" authorityYear="1990" box="[154,388,477,501]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="striatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAFDFF83FFEAC0B0FE72CECC69DD" box="[154,388,477,501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Leiognathus striatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from its congeners by the presence of an extremely deep body with a strongly convex dorsal profile (owing to the presence of a pronounced occipital hump) and a pigmentation pattern on the dorsal flank comprising broad yellow vertical bars.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D6CFF83FFEAC192FD21CFE86AEB" authorityName="Sparks and Dunlap" authorityYear="2004" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAFDFF83FFEAC192FD21CFE86AEB" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Leiognathus robustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from its congeners by the absence of a pronounced occipital hump and the presence of a mildly sloping predorsal profile (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B1EFF83FFEAC10DFCACCDCA6B33" author="Sparks, J. S. & P. V. Dunlap" box="[295,642,771,795]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref6549" refString="Sparks, J. S., and P. V. Dunlap. 2004. A clade of non-sexually dimorphic ponyfishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Leiognathidae): phylogeny, taxonomy, and description of a new species. American Museum Novitates 3459: 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="2004">Sparks and Dunlap, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D6CFF83FFEAC0AAFC8ECE266B11" baseAuthorityName="Forsskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[128,366,801,825]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="equulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97EEAFDFF83FFEAC0AAFC8ECE266B11" box="[128,366,801,825]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Leiognathus equulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from congeners by the combination of a strongly sloping predorsal profile with a pronounced occipital hump and the absence of yellow vertical bars on the flank.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |