treatments-xml/data/03/A3/87/03A387C5FFD4FFD2FF1BFEF6FCD7FB7E.xml
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<mods:title id="D480617D960F3B38FF1F2B2CD1FA2E00">A new species of Galene de Haan, 1833 (Galenidae: Brachyura) from the middle Miocene of Zagros Mountains, Iran</mods:title>
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Genus
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<emphasis id="B97EEAC1FFD4FFD2FF62FEF6FEE8FEB9" bold="true" box="[238,324,281,308]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">Galene</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B22FFD4FFD2FEC0FEF6FE53FEBE" author="De Haan, W." box="[332,511,281,307]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref6267" refString="De Haan, W. (1833 - 1850) Crustacea. In: Siebold, P. F. (ed.), Fauna Japonica sive Descriptio Animalium, Quae in Itinere per Japoniam, Jussu et Auspiciis Superiorum, qui Summum in India Batava Imperium Tenent, Suscepto, Annis 1823 - 1830 Collegit, Noitis, Observationibus et Adumbrationibus Illustravit, Lugduni-Batavorum, Leiden, 243 pp, pls. 1 - 55, A - Q." type="book chapter" year="1833">de Haan, 1833</bibRefCitation>
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<typeStatus id="54B18871FFD4FFD2FF1BFEB1FF65FEFB" box="[151,201,350,374]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D50FFD4FFD2FEAAFEB1FDC0FEFB" authority="Herbst, 1783" authorityName="Herbst" authorityYear="1783" box="[294,620,350,374]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cancridae" genus="Cancer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bispinosus">
<emphasis id="B97EEAC1FFD4FFD2FEAAFEB1FE4EFEFB" box="[294,482,350,374]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">Cancer bispinosus</emphasis>
Herbst, 1783
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by monotypy.
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<subSubSection id="C3106558FFD4FFD2FF1BFE72FCD7FB7E" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB536D3FFD4FFD2FF1BFE72FD8DFDE6" blockId="6.[151,1437,413,1267]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="B97EEAC1FFD4FFD2FF1BFE72FEA8FE3A" bold="true" box="[151,260,413,439]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B22FFD4FFD2FE9EFE70FE1AFE35" author="Stevcic, Z." box="[274,438,413,442]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" pagination="1 - 159" refId="ref9800" refString="Stevcic, Z. (2005) The reclassification of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Natura Croatica: Periodicum Musei Historiae Naturalis Croatica, 14 (Supplement 1), 1 - 159." type="journal article" year="2005">Števčić (2005)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B22FFD4FFD2FE61FE72FD62FE35" author="Davie, P. F. &amp; Guinot, D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L." box="[493,718,413,440]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" pagination="1049 - 1130" refId="ref5992" refString="Davie, P. F., Guinot, D. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2015 b) Systematics and classification of Brachyura. In: Castro, P., Davie, P. J., Guinot, D., Schram, F. &amp; von Vaupel Klein, C. (Eds.), Treatise on Zoology - Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology - The Crustacea, complementary to the volumes translated from the French of the Traite de Zoologie, 9 (C) (I), Decapoda: Brachyura (Part 2). Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, pp. 1049 - 1130." type="book chapter" year="2015">
Davie
<emphasis id="B97EEAC1FFD4FFD2FDBBFE71FDC4FE3A" box="[567,616,413,439]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">et al</emphasis>
. (2015b)
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provided morphological features that could be used to diagnose
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D50FFD4FFD2FF1BFE2EFF44FE56" authorityName="de Haan" authorityYear="1833" box="[151,232,449,475]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Halymeniaceae" genus="Galene" kingdom="Plantae" order="Halymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEAC1FFD4FFD2FF1BFE2EFF44FE56" box="[151,232,449,475]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">Galene</emphasis>
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, among which the following characteristics are important for assignment of fossil specimens consisting of isolated carapaces (as exemplified by current study): carapace subhexagonal to subquadrilateral, slightly wider than long, longitudinally convex, with dorsal surface regions moderately defined and branchiocardiac groove distinct; front bilobed to quadrilobed, moderately deflexed; anterolateral margins distinguishable from posterolateral ones, adorned with small blunt denticles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536D3FFD4FFD2FF4BFD9AFCC9FCCE" blockId="6.[151,1437,413,1267]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">
Fossil
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<emphasis id="B97EEAC1FFD4FFD2FE9DFD9AFECEFD02" box="[273,354,629,655]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">Galene</emphasis>
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have been previously described from the Holocene of
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(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B22FFD4FFD2FBB0FD9AFA3CFD1D" author="Etheridge, R. E. &amp; McCulloch, A. R." box="[1084,1424,629,656]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref6561" refString="Etheridge, R. E. &amp; McCulloch, A. R. (1916) Sub-fossil crustaceans from the coasts of Australia. Records of the Australian Museum, 11, 1 - 14, pls. 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.11.1916.906" type="journal article" year="1916">Etheridge &amp; McCulloch 1916</bibRefCitation>
), the Pleistocene of Java (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B22FFD4FFD2FE2AFD76FD9CFD3E" author="Bohm, J." box="[422,560,665,691]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" pagination="63" refId="ref5623" refString="Bohm, J. (1922) Arthropoda. Crustacea. In: Martin, K. (Ed.), Die Fossilien von Java auf Grund einer Sammulung von Dr. R. D. M. Verbeek und von anderen Vol. 1. Sammlungen des Geologischen Reichs-Museums in Leiden, Neue Folge, Leiden, pp. 521 - 535, pl. 63." type="book chapter" year="1922">Böhm 1922</bibRefCitation>
), the Pliocene of
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(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B22FFD4FFD2FCDFFD76FBA4FD39" author="Hu, C. H. &amp; Tao, H. J." box="[851,1032,665,692]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" refId="ref7789" refString="Hu, C. H. &amp; Tao, H. J. (1996) Crustacean fossils of Taiwan. Tai-jen printers Pty Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1996">Hu &amp; Tao 1996</bibRefCitation>
), the
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(Karasawa &amp; Kato
<emphasis id="B97EEAC1FFD4FFD2FF1BFD51FF01FD5A" box="[151,173,702,727]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B22FFD4FFD2FF39FD51FE04FD5A" author="Karasawa, H. &amp; Kato, H. &amp; Kase, T. &amp; Maac-Aguilar, Y. &amp; Kurihara, Y. &amp; Hayashi, H. &amp; Hagino, K." box="[181,424,701,728]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" pagination="51 - 76" refId="ref8076" refString="Karasawa, H., Kato, H., Kase, T., Maac-Aguilar, Y., Kurihara, Y., Hayashi, H. &amp; Hagino, K. (2008) Neogene and Quaternary ghost shrimps and crabs (Crustacea Decapoda) from the Philippines. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series C, Geology &amp; Paleontology, (34), 51 - 76." type="journal article" year="2008">
Karasawa
<emphasis id="B97EEAC1FFD4FFD2FEA7FD51FEC8FD5A" box="[299,356,701,727]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
),
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(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B22FFD4FFD2FD94FD52FCB3FD5A" author="Morris, S. F. &amp; Collins, J. S." box="[536,799,701,727]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref8616" refString="Morris, S. F. &amp; Collins, J. S. (1991) Neogene crabs from Brunei, Sabah and Sarawak. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology, 47 (1), 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1991">Morris &amp; Collins 1991</bibRefCitation>
), and the Late Miocene of
<collectingCountry id="F31D7643FFD4FFD2FBDEFD52FB08FD5A" box="[1106,1188,701,727]" name="Taiwan" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B22FFD4FFD2FB3FFD52FAB3FD5A" author="Lin, C." box="[1203,1311,701,727]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" pagination="139 - 154" refId="ref8461" refString="Lin, C. (1947) On a new xanthid crab from the Neogene Formation of Taiwan. Acta Geologica Taiwanica, 1 (2), 139 - 154." type="journal article" year="1947">Lin 1947</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B22FFD4FFD2FAA7FD51FF63FD76" author="Hu, C. H. &amp; Tao, H. J." pageId="6" pageNumber="145" pagination="145 - 158" refId="ref7745" refString="Hu, C. H. &amp; Tao, H. J. (1979) Studies on Quaternary fossil crabs and associated faunas from Hainan Island, southern China. Proceedings of Geological Society of China, 22, 145 - 158." type="journal article" year="1979">Hu &amp; Tao 1979</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B22FFD4FFD2FF5AFD0EFEBEFD71" author="Hu, C. H. &amp; Tao, H. J." box="[214,274,737,764]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" refId="ref7789" refString="Hu, C. H. &amp; Tao, H. J. (1996) Crustacean fossils of Taiwan. Tai-jen printers Pty Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
). A new species,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D50FFD4FFD2FE5CFD0EFCEEFD76" authority="Glaessner, 1960" authorityName="Glaessner" authorityYear="1960" box="[464,834,737,763]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Halymeniaceae" genus="Galene" kingdom="Plantae" order="Halymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="proavita">
<emphasis id="B97EEAC1FFD4FFD2FE5CFD0EFD29FD76" box="[464,645,737,763]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">Galene proavita</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B22FFD4FFD2FD00FD0EFCEEFD76" author="Glaessner, M. F." box="[652,834,737,763]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref6970" refString="Glaessner, M. F. (1960) The Fossil Decapod Crustacea of New Zealand and the Evolution of the Order Decapoda. New Zealand Geological Survey Paleontological Bulletin, 31, pp. 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="1960">Glaessner, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, was described from the Miocene (Clifdenian stage of the
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geological time scale) of
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. The Clifdenian stage is approximately 15.9 to 15.1 Ma, approximately equals to the Early Langhian (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B22FFD4FFD2FD1DFCC6FCF6FCCE" author="Hollis, C. &amp; Beu, A. &amp; Crampton, J. &amp; Crundwell, M. &amp; Morgans, H. &amp; Raine, J. &amp; Jones, C. M. &amp; Boyes, A. F." box="[657,858,809,836]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" refId="ref7633" refString="Hollis, C., Beu, A., Crampton, J., Crundwell, M., Morgans, H., Raine, J., Jones, C. M. &amp; Boyes, A. F. (2010) Calibration of the New Zealand Cretaceous - Cenozoic Timescale to GTS 2004. GNS Science Report, Lower Hutt." type="book" year="2010">
Hollis
<emphasis id="B97EEAC1FFD4FFD2FD52FCC5FCA3FCCE" box="[734,783,809,835]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
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).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536D3FFD4FFD2FF4BFCA1FCE3FC59" blockId="6.[151,1437,413,1267]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B22FFD4FFD2FF4BFCA1FE73FCEA" author="Karasawa, H. &amp; Kato, H." box="[199,479,845,872]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" pagination="129 - 151" refId="ref8019" refString="Karasawa, H. &amp; Kato, H. (2003) The family Goneplacidae MacLeay 1838 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura): systematics, phylogeny, and fossil records. Paleontological Research, 7 (2), 129 - 151. https: // doi. org / 10.2517 / prpsj. 7.129" type="journal article" year="2003">Karasawa &amp; Kato (2003)</bibRefCitation>
re-assigned
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D50FFD4FFD2FDE7FCA2FC8DFCEA" authorityName="Glaessner" authorityYear="1960" box="[619,801,845,871]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Halymeniaceae" genus="Galene" kingdom="Plantae" order="Halymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="proavita">
<emphasis id="B97EEAC1FFD4FFD2FDE7FCA2FC8DFCEA" box="[619,801,845,871]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">Galene proavita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D50FFD4FFD2FC3FFCA2FAFAFCE5" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1852" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1852" box="[947,1366,845,872]" class="Malacostraca" family="Goneplacidae" genus="Carcinoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEAC1FFD4FFD2FC3FFCA2FB92FCEA" box="[947,1086,845,871]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">Carcinoplax</emphasis>
H. Milne Edwards, 1852
</taxonomicName>
based on following traits: a smooth carapace without a defined mesogastric region and a straight front and wide thoracic sternum and male pleon. As such, prior to the present discovery, fossils of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D50FFD4FFD2FB89FC7AFBFAFC22" authorityName="de Haan" authorityYear="1833" box="[1029,1110,917,943]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Halymeniaceae" genus="Galene" kingdom="Plantae" order="Halymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEAC1FFD4FFD2FB89FC7AFBFAFC22" box="[1029,1110,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">Galene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were known from the West Pacific, and only as far back as the Late Miocene (of
<collectingRegion id="49CEF831FFD4FFD2FD60FC56FCE7FC59" box="[748,843,953,980]" country="China" name="Taiwan)" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">Taiwan)</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536D3FFD4FFD2FF4BFC32FCD7FB7E" blockId="6.[151,1437,413,1267]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">
There are two more specimens referred to
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D50FFD4FFD2FD34FC32FCA5FC7A" authorityName="de Haan" authorityYear="1833" box="[696,777,989,1015]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Halymeniaceae" genus="Galene" kingdom="Plantae" order="Halymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEAC1FFD4FFD2FD34FC32FCA5FC7A" box="[696,777,989,1015]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">Galene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with dubious geological settings:
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D50FFD4FFD2FB1BFC31FEF0FB96" authority="Desmarest, 1822" authorityName="Desmarest" authorityYear="1822" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trispinosus">
<emphasis id="B97EEAC1FFD4FFD2FB1BFC31FA30FC7A" box="[1175,1436,990,1016]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">Gecarcinus trispinosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B22FFD4FFD2FF1BFBEDFEF0FB96" author="Desmarest, A. G." box="[151,348,1025,1052]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" pagination="67 - 154" refId="ref6493" refString="Desmarest, A. G. (1822) Des Crustaces Fossiles. In: Brongniart, A. &amp; Desmarest, A. G. (Eds.), Histoire Naturelle des Crustaces Fossiles sous les Rapports Zoologiques et Geologiques. Savoir: Les Trilobites. F. G. Levrault, Paris, pp. 67 - 154, pls. 5 - 11." type="book chapter" year="1822">Desmarest, 1822</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D50FFD4FFD2FE2EFBEEFCEDFB96" authority="McCoy, 1849" authorityName="McCoy" authorityYear="1849" box="[418,833,1025,1051]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Halymeniaceae" genus="Podopilumnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Halymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="fittoni">
<emphasis id="B97EEAC1FFD4FFD2FE2EFBEEFD3FFB96" box="[418,659,1025,1051]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">Podopilumnus fittoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B22FFD4FFD2FD2CFBEEFCEDFB96" author="McCoy, F." box="[672,833,1025,1051]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" pagination="161 - 179" refId="ref8493" refString="McCoy, F. (1849) XIX. On the classification of some British Fossil Crustacea, with notices of new forms in the University Collection at Cambridge. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 4 (21), 161 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745486009494810" type="journal article" year="1849">McCoy, 1849</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, both of which have been recognized to be junior synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D50FFD4FFD2FEA2FBCAFCF4FBB2" authority="(Herbst, 1783) (Ng et al. 2008)" authorityName="Ng et al." authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1783" box="[302,856,1061,1087]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Halymeniaceae" genus="Galene" kingdom="Plantae" order="Halymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="bispinosa">
<emphasis id="B97EEAC1FFD4FFD2FEA2FBCAFE5DFBB2" box="[302,497,1061,1087]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">Galene bispinosa</emphasis>
(Herbst, 1783) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B22FFD4FFD2FD26FBCAFCFCFBB2" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Guinot, D. &amp; Davie, P. J." box="[682,848,1061,1087]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" pagination="1 - 286" refId="ref8933" refString="Ng, P. K. L., Guinot, D. &amp; Davie, P. J. (2008) Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 17, 1 - 286." type="journal article" year="2008">
Ng
<emphasis id="B97EEAC1FFD4FFD2FD59FBC9FCA1FBB2" box="[725,781,1061,1087]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. There is no information about the locality of origin and stratigraphic horizon of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D50FFD4FFD2FE75FBA5FD39FBEE" authorityName="Desmarest" authorityYear="1822" box="[505,661,1098,1124]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinidae" genus="Gecarcinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trispinosus">
<emphasis id="B97EEAC1FFD4FFD2FE75FBA5FD39FBEE" box="[505,661,1098,1124]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">G. trispinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen (MNHN.F.B41500). The situation for
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D50FFD4FFD2FB3EFBA6FA30FBEE" authorityName="McCoy" authorityYear="1849" box="[1202,1436,1097,1123]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Halymeniaceae" genus="Podopilumnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Halymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="fittoni">
<emphasis id="B97EEAC1FFD4FFD2FB3EFBA6FA30FBEE" box="[1202,1436,1097,1123]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">Podopilumnus fittoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is still more complicated, since the specimen was attributed to the Greensand Formation of Lyme Regis, dating back to the Cretaceous; however, there is no more information about its exact location of discovery and geological setting (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B22FFD4FFD2FF13FB5AFE9BFB42" author="McCoy, F." box="[159,311,1205,1231]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" pagination="161 - 179" refId="ref8493" refString="McCoy, F. (1849) XIX. On the classification of some British Fossil Crustacea, with notices of new forms in the University Collection at Cambridge. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 4 (21), 161 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745486009494810" type="journal article" year="1849">McCoy 1849</bibRefCitation>
). Hence, further detailed investigation on these two potential
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D50FFD4FFD2FC6AFB5AFB9BFB42" authorityName="de Haan" authorityYear="1833" box="[998,1079,1205,1231]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Halymeniaceae" genus="Galene" kingdom="Plantae" order="Halymeniales" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEAC1FFD4FFD2FC6AFB5AFB9BFB42" box="[998,1079,1205,1231]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">Galene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens is needed in order to elucidate taxonomic and geochronological position of the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>