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<document id="DE2ECCB5B1B08F280E59BA58FBEAD89A" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4267.1.1SLASH11021" ID-CLB-Dataset="33061" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.575641" ID-GBIF-Dataset="810b55e4-b8ba-4368-bf9c-8517ee33e7d0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="575641" ID-ZooBank="8920893E-E5F8-482A-A60D-7A248D2B0DCB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1494577389872" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Skelley, Paul, Xu, Guang, Tang, William, Lindström, Anders J., Marler, Thomas, Khuraijam, Jibankumar Singh, Singh, Rita &amp; Rich, Stephen" docDate="2017" docId="03A38781FFC5FFAAFF70FEF1FAD0C334" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4267.1.1SLASH11021.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4267 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Cycadophila (Cycadophila) torquata Skelley, Xu &amp; Tang, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="FF9AFFF9FFE6FF8FFFE7FFEBFFD5C639" masterDocTitle="Review of Cycadophila Xu, Tang &amp; Skelley (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting Cycas (Cycadaceae) in Asia, with descriptions of a new subgenus and thirteen new species" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1698439510239" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="1358BB89129EA5A1161DA50043523513">Review of Cycadophila Xu, Tang &amp; Skelley (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting Cycas (Cycadaceae) in Asia, with descriptions of a new subgenus and thirteen new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8CFAF019CE967857E2A4A90AA54C1E4A">Skelley, Paul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1FCD3D8DFA82C765ABDA0F8409E62C5A">Xu, Guang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7DBF318E37530C0826B94E9D6C2D681B">Tang, William</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3C10D6780EF65803F8DA1DE44897CDAD">Lindström, Anders J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="440C712B85E0653CAFDECEFA47F5A260">Khuraijam, Jibankumar Singh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B34EB07EA943BA8403C0E7B171487491">Singh, Rita</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03A38781FFC5FFAAFF70FEF1FAD0C334" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5999208" ID-GBIF-Taxon="130809509" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5999208" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A38781FFC5FFAAFF70FEF1FAD0C334" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A38781FFC5FFAAFF70FEF1FAD0C334" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<subSubSection id="C310651CFFC5FFACFF70FEF1FEF6C76C" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC5FFACFF70FEF1FC30C70D" blockId="35.[151,997,282,342]" box="[151,997,282,308]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<heading id="D0FD81FBFFC5FFACFF70FEF1FC30C70D" bold="true" box="[151,997,282,308]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC5FFACFF70FEF1FC30C70D" bold="true" box="[151,997,282,308]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC5FFACFF70FEF1FC9DC70D" authority="Skelley, Xu &amp; Tang" authorityName="Skelley, Xu &amp; Tang" box="[151,840,282,308]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torquata" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Cycadophila">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC5FFACFF70FEF1FEFAC70D" bold="true" box="[151,303,282,308]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Cycadophila</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC5FFACFED8FEF1FE03C70D" bold="true" box="[319,470,282,308]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Cycadophila</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC5FFACFE0FFEF1FD9BC70D" bold="true" box="[488,590,282,308]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">torquata</emphasis>
Skelley, Xu &amp; Tang
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D57FEFFC5FFACFCB1FEF1FC30C70D" box="[854,997,282,308]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC5FFACFF70FED6FEF6C76C" blockId="35.[151,997,282,342]" box="[151,291,317,342]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<figureCitation id="13312A12FFC5FFACFF70FED6FF3BC76F" box="[151,238,317,342]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1777,1799]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[150,1436,193,1756]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 11. Photographs of Cycadophila (Cycadophila) torquata, paratype (unless noted): A) dorsal habitus; B) ventral habitus; C) lateral habitus; D) head and prosternum, ventral; E) head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype); F) male genitalia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/575652/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs. 11</figureCitation>
AE
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C310651CFFC5FFACFF70FE95FB94C457" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC5FFACFF70FE95FACAC7E6" blockId="35.[151,1437,382,2027]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC5FFACFF70FE95FE8CC7AE" bold="true" box="[151,345,382,407]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Adult diagnosis.</emphasis>
A member of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC5FFACFE18FE95FCE2C7AE" box="[511,823,382,407]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC5FFACFE18FE95FD5BC7AE" box="[511,654,382,407]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Cycadophila</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC5FFACFD78FE95FCFBC7AE" box="[671,814,382,407]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Cycadophila</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC5FFACFCD8FE95FCACC7AE" box="[831,889,382,407]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Thallis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">nigra</taxonomicName>
species group as discussed above, distinguished by the narrowed legs, protibia lacking stout setae apically, short supraocular stria, presence of a small temple behind eye, pronotum notably reflexed along entire lateral carina, and pronotal anterior margin straight.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC5FFACFF20FE01FB94C457" blockId="35.[151,1437,382,2027]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC5FFACFF20FE01FE74C43A" bold="true" box="[199,417,490,515]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Adult description.</emphasis>
Length
<quantity id="4CF29B72FFC5FFACFDE5FE01FD7FC43B" box="[514,682,490,515]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="3.8" valueMax="4.1" valueMin="3.5">3.504.10 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="4CF29B72FFC5FFACFCE7FE00FC7DC43B" box="[768,936,491,515]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.39" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.38" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="1.39" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.38">1.381.40 mm</quantity>
. Body in dorsal view elongate, sides nearly straight and parallel, greatest width at middle of elytra; in lateral view convex dorsally. General body and appendage color dark reddish-brown; dorsal surface distinctly punctate, surface appearing shiny, dorsal punctation with short procumbent hairs, ventrally mostly covered with short procumbent setae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C310651CFFC5FFAAFF20FD91FB08C6EC" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC5FFACFF20FD91FB29C297" blockId="35.[151,1437,382,2027]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC5FFACFF20FD91FED0C4AA" bold="true" box="[199,261,634,659]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Head</emphasis>
in dorsal view conical, gradually narrowed apically, surface convex, distinctly punctured; width
<quantity id="4CF29B72FFC5FFACFABAFD90FF28C48F" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.65" metricValueMax="8.1" metricValueMin="7.199999999999999" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="0.765" valueMax="0.81" valueMin="0.72">0.72 0.81 mm</quantity>
; dorsal interocular distance
<quantity id="4CF29B72FFC5FFACFDD1FD75FD0EC48F" box="[566,731,670,695]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="4.699999999999999" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="0.515" valueMax="0.56" valueMin="0.47">0.470.56 mm</quantity>
, head width/dorsal interocular distance ratio 1.461.55, ventral interocular distance
<quantity id="4CF29B72FFC5FFACFE6AFD29FDEEC4E3" box="[397,571,706,731]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5999999999999996" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="0.36" valueMax="0.37" valueMin="0.35">0.350.37 mm</quantity>
, head width/ventral interocular distance ratio 2.072.19. Eye globular, surrounded by distinct depression (groove), posteriorly bordered by distinct ridge (temple); bordered dorsally with short supraocular stria at basal 1/3 of eye; projected laterally, with large black facets and short, inconspicuous interfacetal setae. Frons with short, dark, subcuticular suture on each side, approximately 1/4 width of frons in length, extending obliquely to lateral margin above and anterior to antennal insertion. Antennal length about 3/4 pronotal width, and slightly longer than head width, antennomere relative lengths from base to end approximately 18:11:12:10:10:10:10:10:13:13:20; antennomere I (scape) fairly large, slightly elongate, antennomere II slightly smaller than III; IVVIII small, width equals length; club fairly large, IXXI similar in length, XI globular. Clypeus truncate anteriorly, anterior margin with long setae; densely punctate; somewhat emarginate, with narrow margin. Maxillary palpomeres II, III slightly longer than wide; IV elongate oval, apex densely papillate; relative lengths of IIIV approximately 4:3:7. Labium with mentum pentagonal with carina forming triangular plate projecting medially, with small lateral pockets; labial palpomere III elongate-oval.
<collectingRegion id="49CEF875FFC5FFACFBA0FBA4FB73C25F" box="[1095,1190,1103,1126]" country="Myanmar" name="Chin" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Mentum</collectingRegion>
and submentum with moderate punctation and setation, setae short. Gular area smooth, without setae or punctation, except near suture with submentum where a shallow but distinct depression present on each side with setose punctures.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC5FFACFF20FB51FE16C12A" blockId="35.[151,1437,382,2027]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC5FFACFF20FB51FEC8C2EA" bold="true" box="[199,285,1210,1235]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Thorax</emphasis>
with pronotum transverse in dorsal view, with marginal beads on all sides except anterior margin; length/width ratio 0.690.70; disc convex medially, becoming reflexed and flattened laterally; anterior angles not projecting, rounded; lateral carinae nearly straight, nearly parallel, weakly converging posteriorly; lateral carinae with thin bead, bead bearing row of setose punctures; posterior angles rounded, nearly 90°; posterior margin straight laterally, weakly lobed medially; with narrow, short longitudinal furrow posterolaterally, beginning at pore on posterior margin, extending forward and ending abruptly, length of furrows relative to pronotal length 0.19 0.20. Prosternum with anterior margin slightly emarginate, finely denticulate with fringe of long, anteriorly directed setae; posterior prosternal process truncate and weakly convex in lateral view, weakly projecting. Hypomeron with coarse punctures laterally, medially without longitudinal striations. Scutellar shield transverse, posterior margin projected, pentagonal. Elytra elongate nearly parallel sided, length/width 3.273.80, greatest width near midlength; with marginal bead basally, scutellary striole with 10 punctures; intervals of striae with distinct punctures. All elytral punctures bearing a single short seta; seta length approximately interpuncture distance. Punctation on meso- and metaventrite distinct. Metaventrite long, convex laterally, slightly impressed medially, metathoracic discrimen extending slightly over half metaventrite length. Legs narrow, similar in length; femora compressed laterally; tibiae about same length as femora, narrow and parallel-sided to apex. Protibia not dilated at apex, with fine setal fringe on ventral, lateral margin smooth without stout spinules. Meso- and metatibia narrow, similar to protibia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC5FFACFF20F8F5FCD6C1D3" blockId="35.[151,1437,382,2027]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC5FFACFF20F8F5FEE0C10E" bold="true" box="[199,309,1822,1847]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Abdomen</emphasis>
with 5 ventrites bearing fine punctures; anterior margin with intercoxal process narrow, with triangular point anteromedially, lateral edges slightly projected, lateral and posterior margins arcuate, converging posteriorly; anterior and posterior margins of ventrites more or less straight; ventrite I lacking subcoxal line, slightly longer medially than II; IIV apparently lacking erect sensory hairs located on either side of the middle; II IV subequal in length; V slightly longer than IV with lateral margins converging posteriorly to a rounded apex bearing row of short appressed, densely arranged setae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF75661FFFC2FFABFF70F91AFA8EC113" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/575652/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[150,1436,193,1751]" targetPageId="36">
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC2FFABFF70F91AFA8EC113" blockId="36.[151,1435,1777,1834]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC2FFABFF70F91AFEF7C13E" bold="true" box="[151,290,1777,1799]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
Photographs of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC2FFABFE32F91AFC86C13E" box="[469,851,1777,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torquata" subGenus="Cycadophila">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC2FFABFE32F91AFD82C13E" box="[469,599,1777,1799]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Cycadophila</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC2FFABFD8EF91AFD3FC13E" box="[617,746,1777,1799]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Cycadophila</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC2FFABFD1AF919FC86C13E" box="[765,851,1778,1799]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">torquata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, paratype (unless noted): A) dorsal habitus; B) ventral habitus; C) lateral habitus; D) head and prosternum, ventral; E) head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype); F) male genitalia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC2FFAAFF20F8B6FB08C6EC" blockId="36.[151,1436,1882,2018]" lastBlockId="37.[151,1437,151,1293]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC2FFABFF20F8B6FEBBC14F" bold="true" box="[199,366,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(tegmen and median lobe of aedeagus) twisted approximately 45o toward the left side of animal and resting on side. Tegmen sclerotized, triangular, gently twisted; with anterior region ring-like, posterior region sheath-like, posterior margin slightly arcuate; lateral margins gradually converging posteriorly; dorsally with 2 large, elongate, somewhat spatula-shaped parameres. Parameres short, with long setae apically; length/width ratio 2.00. Aedeagus with median lobe short, slender, highly sclerotized, apex long and acuminate. Ratio of median lobe length to penile strut length 1:3; flagellum very fine, or at least not sclerotized.
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC3FFAAFBE8FF57FBB2C6EC" bold="true" box="[1039,1127,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Female</emphasis>
unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C310651CFFC3FFAAFF20FF34FDC1C7E9" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC3FFAAFF20FF34FD00C6C1" blockId="37.[151,1437,151,1293]" box="[199,725,223,248]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<materialsCitation id="3B623CCAFFC3FFAAFF20FF34FD00C6C1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1502684991" box="[199,725,223,248]" collectionCode="USNM" country="China" location="Yibin" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sichuan" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC3FFAAFF20FF34FEB0C6C1" bold="true" box="[199,357,223,248]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<typeStatus id="54B18835FFC3FFAAFF20FF34FED7C6C1" box="[199,258,223,248]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location id="8ED5604CFFC3FFAAFE8BFF34FE78C6C1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A38781FFC5FFAAFF70FEF1FAD0C334:8ED5604CFFC3FFAAFE8BFF34FE78C6C1" box="[364,429,223,248]" country="China" name="Yibin" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" stateProvince="Sichuan">Yibin</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49CEF875FFC3FFAAFE5FFF34FDC0C6C1" box="[440,533,223,248]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F31D7607FFC3FFAAFDC7FF34FDB6C6C1" box="[544,611,223,248]" name="China" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode id="ED1BAE52FFC3FFAAFD95FF0BFD1CC6C1" box="[626,713,224,248]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">USNM</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC3FFAAFF20FEEFFCE8C724" blockId="37.[151,1437,151,1293]" box="[199,829,260,285]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<materialsCitation id="3B623CCAFFC3FFAAFF20FEEFFE0EC724" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1502684999" box="[199,475,260,285]" country="China" location="Sichuan" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sichuan">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC3FFAAFF20FEEFFECFC724" bold="true" box="[199,282,260,285]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Range.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F31D7607FFC3FFAAFEC6FEEFFEB1C724" box="[289,356,260,285]" name="China" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49CEF875FFC3FFAAFE94FEEFFE06C724" box="[371,467,260,285]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
)
</materialsCitation>
, Thailand (Kaen Municipality).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC3FFAAFF20FECCFDC1C7E9" blockId="37.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<materialsCitation id="3B623CCAFFC3FFAAFF20FECCFDA3C795" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1502684994" collectingDate="1924-10-01" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Deposited" country="China" elevation="914" location="Material" municipality="Suifu" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC3FFAAFF20FECCFDF1C779" bold="true" box="[199,548,295,320]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<location id="8ED5604CFFC3FFAAFF20FECCFEFAC779" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A38781FFC5FFAAFF70FEF1FAD0C334:8ED5604CFFC3FFAAFF20FECCFEFAC779" box="[199,303,295,320]" country="China" municipality="Suifu" name="Material" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Material</location>
examined.
<typeStatus id="54B18835FFC3FFAAFE50FECCFDF1C779" box="[439,548,295,320]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(by designation) male with the following labels: 1) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] “
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD1ACEDFFC3FFAAFEA4FEA7FE51C75C" box="[323,388,332,357]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Suifu</collectingMunicipality>
,
<date id="FFB41057FFC3FFAAFE72FEA7FDCDC75D" box="[405,536,332,356]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1924-10-01">
<collectingDate id="EFF0E9BFFFC3FFAAFE72FEA7FDCDC75D" box="[405,536,332,356]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1924-10-01">Oct.1924, 1</collectingDate>
</date>
<quantity id="4CF29B72FFC3FFAAFDC0FEA7FD50C75C" box="[551,645,332,357]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="ft" value="3000.0">
<elevation id="0027D1A4FFC3FFAAFDC0FEA7FD50C75C" box="[551,645,332,357]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="ft" value="3000.0">3000 ft</elevation>
</quantity>
.”; 2) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] “Szechuen,
<collectingCountry id="F31D7607FFC3FFAAFADBFEA7FA4DC75D" box="[1340,1432,332,356]" name="China" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">CHINA</collectingCountry>
, DCGraham”; 2) [rectangular; red; printed in black ink] “
<typeStatus id="54B18835FFC3FFAAFCE9FE9BFC70C7B1" box="[782,933,368,392]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D0CFD1EFFC3FFAAFC4BFE9BFC14C7BE" box="[940,961,368,391]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male"></specimenCount>
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC3FFAAFC20FE84FE95C795" authority="P. Skelley, G. Xu &amp; W. Tang 2017" authorityName="P. Skelley, G. Xu &amp; W. Tang" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torquata">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC3FFAAFC20FE84FB69C7B1" box="[967,1212,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cycadophila torquata</emphasis>
P. Skelley, G. Xu &amp; W. Tang 2017
</taxonomicName>
”.
<collectorName id="26FF5341FFC3FFAAFEBFFE7FFE1FC794" box="[344,458,404,429]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Deposited</collectorName>
in the
<collectionCode id="ED1BAE52FFC3FFAAFDC5FE7FFDA3C795" box="[546,630,404,428]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">USNM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B623CCAFFC3FFAAFD63FE7FFDC5C7E9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1502684996" collectingDate="1954-05-09" collectionCode="FSCA" collectorName="R. E. Elbel &amp; Deposited" country="Thailand" location="Kaen Municipality" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC3FFAAFD63FE7FFD24C794" bold="true" box="[644,753,404,429]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<typeStatus id="54B18835FFC3FFAAFD63FE7FFD24C794" box="[644,753,404,429]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
male:
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC3FFAAFCA3FE7FFB07C794" bold="true" box="[836,1234,404,429]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<collectingCountry id="F31D7607FFC3FFAAFCA3FE7FFC0AC794" box="[836,991,404,429]" name="Thailand" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">THAILAND</collectingCountry>
:
<location id="8ED5604CFFC3FFAAFC08FE7FFB07C794" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A38781FFC5FFAAFF70FEF1FAD0C334:8ED5604CFFC3FFAAFC08FE7FFB07C794" box="[1007,1234,404,429]" country="Thailand" name="Kaen Municipality" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Kaen Municipality</location>
</emphasis>
,
<date id="FFB41057FFC3FFAAFB03FE7FFA84C794" box="[1252,1361,404,429]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1954-05-09">
<collectingDate id="EFF0E9BFFFC3FFAAFB03FE7FFA84C794" box="[1252,1361,404,429]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1954-05-09">9-V-1954</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26FF5341FFC3FFAAFAB8FE7EFF07C7E9" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">R. E. Elbel</collectorName>
(1).
<collectorName id="26FF5341FFC3FFAAFEEFFE5CFEACC7E9" box="[264,377,439,464]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Deposited</collectorName>
in the
<collectionCode id="ED1BAE52FFC3FFAAFE21FE53FDC5C7E9" box="[454,528,440,464]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jekt-x82m" name="Florida State Collection of Arthropods, The Museum of Entomology" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FSCA</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C310651CFFC3FFAAFF20FE37FD56C421" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC3FFAAFF20FE37FD56C421" blockId="37.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC3FFAAFF20FE37FE9BC7CC" bold="true" box="[199,334,476,501]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species epithet,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC3FFAAFDA0FE36FD73C7CD" box="[583,678,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torquata">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC3FFAAFDA0FE36FD73C7CD" box="[583,678,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">torquata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is Latin for adorned with a necklace or collar, in reference to the prominent ridges (temples) behind the eyes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C310651CFFC3FFAAFF20FDCFFAD0C334" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC3FFAAFF20FDCFFE14C546" blockId="37.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<materialsCitation id="3B623CCAFFC3FFAAFF20FDCFFC03C404" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1502684982" box="[199,982,548,573]" location="Sichuan" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sichuan" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC3FFAAFF20FDCFFEEEC404" bold="true" box="[199,315,548,573]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Remarks.</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="54B18835FFC3FFAAFE91FDCEFE73C404" box="[374,422,549,573]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">type</typeStatus>
locality Suifu, Szechwan, is now Yibin,
<collectingRegion id="49CEF875FFC3FFAAFC9FFDCFFC03C404" box="[888,982,548,573]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B623CCAFFC3FFAAFC05FDCFFBDAC52C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1502685001" collectorName="The &amp; David Crockett Graham &amp; Chinese &amp; While &amp; Suifu &amp; Smithsonian Institution. His &amp; Smithsonian &amp; Unfortunately" location="Yibin" municipality="The" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Sichuan" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectorName id="26FF5341FFC3FFAAFC05FDCFFBDBC404" box="[994,1038,548,573]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">The</collectorName>
collector,
<collectorName id="26FF5341FFC3FFAAFB61FDCFFA4DC404" box="[1158,1432,548,573]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">David Crockett Graham</collectorName>
, was a missionary studying
<collectorName id="26FF5341FFC3FFAAFE04FDACFDE8C459" box="[483,573,583,608]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Chinese</collectorName>
language and culture.
<collectorName id="26FF5341FFC3FFAAFCBFFDACFC48C459" box="[856,925,583,608]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">While</collectorName>
performing his studies in
<collectorName id="26FF5341FFC3FFAAFB02FDACFAF0C459" box="[1253,1317,583,608]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Suifu</collectorName>
, he made occasional expeditions in the region to collect specimens for the
<collectorName id="26FF5341FFC3FFAAFC75FD87FB00C4BC" box="[914,1237,620,645]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Smithsonian Institution. His</collectorName>
field note books reside in the
<collectorName id="26FF5341FFC3FFAAFED4FD64FE6AC491" box="[307,447,655,680]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Smithsonian</collectorName>
archives (Anonymous 2015).
<collectorName id="26FF5341FFC3FFAAFCC3FD64FC17C491" box="[804,962,655,680]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Unfortunately</collectorName>
, they contain no entries surrounding the dates the
<typeStatus id="54B18835FFC3FFAAFEE4FD5FFEB0C4F4" box="[259,357,692,717]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was collected, thus we have no further information on the specimens habits.
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD1ACEDFFC3FFAAFB30FD5FFAD6C4F4" box="[1239,1283,692,717]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">The</collectingMunicipality>
<typeStatus id="54B18835FFC3FFAAFAEDFD5EFAEFC4F4" box="[1290,1338,693,717]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">type</typeStatus>
locality,
<location id="8ED5604CFFC3FFAAFF70FD3CFF0DC4C9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A38781FFC5FFAAFF70FEF1FAD0C334:8ED5604CFFC3FFAAFF70FD3CFF0DC4C9" box="[151,216,727,752]" municipality="The" name="Yibin" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" stateProvince="Sichuan">Yibin</location>
, is approximately
<quantity id="4CF29B72FFC3FFAAFE50FD3CFD9FC4C9" box="[439,586,727,752]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="km" value="125.0" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="100.0">100150 km</quantity>
north of the northernmost populations of wild
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC3FFAAFB6FFD33FB19C4D6" box="[1160,1228,728,751]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC3FFAAFB6FFD33FB19C4D6" box="[1160,1228,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cycas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC3FFAAFAB0FD33FE1EC52C" authority="in Panzhihua" authorityName="in Panzhihua" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="panzhuaensis">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC3FFAAFAB0FD33FEFBC52C" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cycas panzhuaensis</emphasis>
in Panzhihua
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingRegion id="49CEF875FFC3FFAAFE30FD17FDE4C52C" box="[471,561,764,789]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC3FFAAFD8EFD16FCC9C52C" box="[617,796,764,789]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guizhouensis">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC3FFAAFD8EFD16FCC9C52C" box="[617,796,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C. guizhouensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingRegion id="49CEF875FFC3FFAAFCA6FD17FBDAC52C" box="[833,1039,764,789]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Guizhou province</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B623CCAFFC3FFAAFBFDFD17FE14C546" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1502684986" country="Thailand" location="Kanchanaburi province" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kanchanaburi province" typeStatus="holotype">
The other locality for this species, Kaen Municipality, is likely
<collectingRegion id="49CEF875FFC3FFAAFE38FCF4FD3EC501" box="[479,747,799,824]" country="Thailand" name="Kanchanaburi" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Kanchanaburi province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F31D7607FFC3FFAAFD1FFCF4FC89C501" box="[760,860,799,824]" name="Thailand" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(see Remarks under
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC3FFAAFBB6FCF4FA91C501" box="[1105,1348,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexa">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC3FFAAFBB6FCF4FA91C501" box="[1105,1348,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cycadophila convexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) where surveys on three species of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC3FFAAFE2FFCAEFDD8C565" box="[456,525,837,860]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC3FFAAFE2FFCAEFDD8C565" box="[456,525,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cycas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
yielded no specimens matching
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC3FFAAFC9FFCAFFBB9C565" box="[888,1132,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torquata">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC3FFAAFC9FFCAFFBB9C565" box="[888,1132,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cycadophila torquata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is likely this species has no association with
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC3FFAAFE91FC83FE6FC546" box="[374,442,872,895]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC3FFAAFE91FC83FE6FC546" box="[374,442,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cycas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC3FFAAFF20FC67FB4CC261" blockId="37.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
The occipital ridge, lack of abdominal calli, head characters, and twisted male genitalia place
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC3FFAAFB3FFC66FA8DC59D" box="[1240,1368,909,932]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torquata">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC3FFAAFB3FFC66FA8DC59D" box="[1240,1368,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C. torquata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC3FFAAFF70FC44FF04C5F1" box="[151,209,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Thallis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">nigra</taxonomicName>
group of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC3FFAAFEA7FC44FE1AC5F1" box="[320,463,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC3FFAAFEA7FC44FE1AC5F1" box="[320,463,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cycadophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This is a strange beetle, looking quite different from the others by the pronotal shape and presence of a temple behind the eye. The latter character is only known from
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC3FFAAFBD4FC3EFB76C5D4" box="[1075,1187,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirschii">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC3FFAAFBD4FC3EFB76C5D4" box="[1075,1187,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">P. kirschii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the group of cycad inhabiting genera.
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC3FFAAFE80FC1CFD89C229" box="[359,604,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torquata">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC3FFAAFE80FC1CFD89C229" box="[359,604,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cycadophila torquata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC3FFAAFD75FC13FCDBC229" box="[658,782,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexa">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC3FFAAFD75FC13FCDBC229" box="[658,782,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C. convexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
share a straight anterior pronotal margin which is not seen in any other member of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC3FFAAFE40FBF7FDE3C20C" box="[423,566,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC3FFAAFE40FBF7FDE3C20C" box="[423,566,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cycadophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differ notably in other pronotal characters.
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC3FFAAFBB3FBF7FA9EC20D" box="[1108,1355,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torquata">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC3FFAAFBB3FBF7FA9EC20D" box="[1108,1355,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cycadophila torquata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D14FFC3FFAAFA65FBF6FF36C261" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abyssa">
<emphasis id="B97EEA85FFC3FFAAFA65FBF6FF36C261" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C. abyssa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
share the straight, parallel-sided lateral pronotal margins and groove around the eye.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB53697FFC3FFAAFF20FB8FFAD0C334" blockId="37.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
The
<typeStatus id="54B18835FFC3FFAAFF1AFB8FFE8AC244" box="[253,351,1124,1149]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<typeStatus id="54B18835FFC3FFAAFE7AFB8EFE2BC244" box="[413,510,1125,1149]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
are similar in all diagnostic characters. The Chinese
<typeStatus id="54B18835FFC3FFAAFB97FB8FFB07C244" box="[1136,1234,1124,1149]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
differs in having deeper depressions at the submental-gular suture, and the temple behind the eye more prominent. Since neither of these specimens have any indication of a cycad association, we cannot assume one exists. Thus, we cannot assume that any population is isolated due to an association with a particular cycad species. Additional specimens and possibly molecular analysis are needed before we can consider these populations as different species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>