treatments-xml/data/03/A0/BE/03A0BE3B645DFFE8FF4FFD07FE355218.xml
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<mods:title id="50F3D1715C03A912CFD2F8C3109AFAE4">Mammals of Korea: a review of their taxonomy, distribution and conservation status</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B97DD33F645DFFE8FF4FFD07FEFC55C1" bold="true" box="[151,317,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Vulpes vulpes</emphasis>
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Red Fox
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<emphasis id="B97DD33F645DFFE8FF4FFD4FFED85584" box="[151,281,728,750]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Canis vulpes</emphasis>
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locality-
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<taxonomicName id="4C0974AE645DFFE8FF4FFD60FE3F5466" authority="Kishida, 1924 p. 4" authorityName="Kishida" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,510,758,780]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Fulpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peculiosa">
<emphasis id="B97DD33F645DFFE8FF4FFD60FE805466" box="[151,321,758,780]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Ƒulpes peculiosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC645DFFE8FE9FFD60FE3F5466" author="Kishida" box="[327,510,758,780]" firstAuthor="Kishida" page="4" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refId="ref107948" refString="Kishida, K. (1924) Illustrated encyclopedia of the mammals of Japan (1 st edition). Ornithological Socieity of Japan, Tokyo, 381 pp. [in Japanese]" type="book" year="1924">Kishida, 1924 p.4</bibRefCitation>
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locality- Korean Peninsula;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC645DFFE8FC85FD60FB415466" author="Kishida &amp; Mori" box="[861,1152,758,780]" firstAuthor="Kishida" page="380" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="372 - 391" refId="ref108188" refString="Kishida, K. &amp; Mori, T. (1931) On the distribution of terrestrial mammals of Korea. Zoological Magazine, 43, 372 - 391. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1931">Kishida &amp; Mori, 1931 p.380</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="B97DD33F645DFFE8FF4FFC80FED25441" box="[151,275,789,811]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Ƒ. kyomasai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC645DFFE8FEC5FC83FD945441" author="Kishida and Mori" box="[285,597,789,811]" firstAuthor="Kishida" page="82" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="81 - 82" refId="ref108158" refString="Kishida, K. &amp; Mori, T. (1929) New fox from norther Korea. Lansania, 1, 81 - 82. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1929">Kishida and Mori, 1929 p.82</bibRefCitation>
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locality- Hamgyeongbuk Province,
<collectingCountry id="F31E4FBD645DFFE8FBCDFC80FB975441" box="[1045,1110,790,811]" name="South Korea" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Korea</collectingCountry>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC645DFFE8FBBCFC83FA595441" author="Kishida &amp; Mori" box="[1124,1432,789,811]" firstAuthor="Kishida" page="380" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="372 - 391" refId="ref108188" refString="Kishida, K. &amp; Mori, T. (1931) On the distribution of terrestrial mammals of Korea. Zoological Magazine, 43, 372 - 391. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1931">Kishida &amp; Mori, 1931 p.380</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC645DFFE8FE4AFCA2FCE85420" author="Ellerman &amp; Morrison-Scott" box="[402,809,820,842]" firstAuthor="Ellerman" page="229" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refId="ref99704" refString="Ellerman, J. R. &amp; Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. (1951) Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian Mammals 1758 to 1946. British Museum (Natural History), London, 810 pp." type="book" year="1951">Ellerman &amp; Morrison-Scott, 1951 p.229</bibRefCitation>
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(
<emphasis id="B97DD33F645DFFE8FCEFFCA3FC045420" box="[823,965,820,842]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Incertae sedis</emphasis>
);
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<emphasis id="B97DD33F645DFFE8FF4FFCC2FE9A5403" box="[151,347,851,873]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Ƒ. vulpes peculiosa</emphasis>
:
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC645DFFE8FDE2FCC5FC1B5403" author="Ellerman &amp; Morrison-Scott" box="[570,986,851,873]" firstAuthor="Ellerman" page="229" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refId="ref99704" refString="Ellerman, J. R. &amp; Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. (1951) Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian Mammals 1758 to 1946. British Museum (Natural History), London, 810 pp." type="book" year="1951">Ellerman &amp; Morrison-Scott, 1951 p.229</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA8293C645DFFE8FC3EFCC2FB5B5403" author="Won" box="[998,1178,851,873]" page="" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="1958">
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA8293C645DFFE8FB7EFCC2FA9B5403" author="Won" box="[1190,1370,851,873]" page="" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="1967">
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA8293C645DFFE8FABEFCC2FEFD54ED" author="Won" page="" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="1968">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA8293C645DFFE8FF4FFC07FE7E54CC" author="Howell" box="[151,447,912,934]" page="" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="1929">
<taxonomicName id="4C0974AE645DFFE8FF4FFC07FE7E54CC" ID-CoL="87C5" authority=": Howell, 1929 p. 24" authorityName="Howell" authorityPageNumber="24" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,447,912,934]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpes">
<emphasis id="B97DD33F645DFFE8FF4FFC07FF3354CC" box="[151,242,912,934]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Ƒ. vulpes</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC645DFFE8FED8FC06FE7E54CC" author="Howell" box="[256,447,912,934]" firstAuthor="Howell" page="24" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref103631" refString="Howell, A. B. (1929) Mammals from China in the collections of the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 75, 1 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.75 - 2772.1" type="journal article" year="1929">Howell, 1929 p.24</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(a skin of red fox from
<collectingCountry id="F31E4FBD645DFFE8FD63FC07FD3C54CC" box="[699,765,913,934]" name="South Korea" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Korea</collectingCountry>
);
<treatmentCitation id="0AA8293C645DFFE8FCC8FC07FC0554CC" author="Won" box="[784,964,912,934]" page="" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="1968">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC645DFFE8FCC8FC07FC0554CC" author="Won" box="[784,964,912,934]" firstAuthor="Won" page="256" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refId="ref125422" refString="Won, H. K. (1968) The mammals of Korea. Institute of Science Press, Pyeongyang, 408 pp. [in Korean]" type="book" year="1968">Won, 1968 p.256</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA8293C645DFFE8FC17FC06FB5954CC" author="Corbet" box="[975,1176,912,934]" page="" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC645DFFE8FC17FC06FB5954CC" author="Corbet" box="[975,1176,912,934]" firstAuthor="Corbet" page="163" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refId="ref98305" refString="Corbet, G. B. (1978) The mammals of the Palaearctic region: a taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp." type="book" year="1978">Corbet, 1978 p.163</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA8293C645DFFE8FB7CFC07FA8454CC" author="Han" box="[1188,1349,912,934]" page="" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC645DFFE8FB7CFC07FA8454CC" author="Han" box="[1188,1349,912,934]" firstAuthor="Han" page="46" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="44 - 50" refId="ref101626" refString="Han, S. H. (1994) The checklist of Mammals in North Korea. Nature Conservation, 86, 44 - 50. [in Korean]" type="journal article" year="1994">Han, 1994 p.46</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA8293C645DFFE8FA89FC07FEB954AE" author="Won &amp; Smith" page="" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC645DFFE8FA89FC07FEB954AE" author="Won &amp; Smith" firstAuthor="Won" page="16" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="3 - 33" refId="ref125289" refString="Won, C. M. &amp; Smith, K. G. (1999) History and current status of mammals of the Korean Peninsula. Mammal Review, 29, 3 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 2907.1999.00034. x" type="journal article" year="1999">Won &amp; Smith, 1999 p.16</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA8293C645DFFE8FE5BFC38FDEF54AE" author="Oh" box="[387,558,942,964]" page="" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC645DFFE8FE5BFC38FDEF54AE" author="Oh, H." box="[387,558,942,964]" editor="Won, B. O." firstAuthor="Oh" journalOrPublisher="Dongbang Media Press, Seoul" page="151" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="142 - 183" refId="ref116674" refString="Oh, H. S (2004 a) Order Carnivora. In: Won, B. O. (Ed.), The mammals of Korea. Dongbang Media Press, Seoul, pp. 142 - 183 [in Korean]" title="Order Carnivora" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The mammals of Korea" year="2004" yearSuffix="a">Oh, 2004a p.151</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3135CA6645DFFE8FF4FFC67FB5053F0" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB60F2D645DFFE8FF4FFC67FB5053F0" blockId="87.[151,1437,1009,1394]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B97DD33F645DFFE8FF4FFC67FF2D5363" bold="true" box="[151,236,1009,1033]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Range:</emphasis>
The original distribution of the red fox covered the Korean Peninsula (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC645DFFE8FBC0FC64FB2F5360" author="Jo &amp; Baccus" box="[1048,1262,1009,1034]" firstAuthor="Jo" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="513 - 518" refId="ref105064" refString="Jo, Y. S. &amp; Baccus, J. T. (2015) Case studies of the history and politics of wild canid restoration in Korea. Restoration Ecology, 23, 513 - 518. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / rec. 12256" type="journal article" year="2015">Jo &amp; Baccus 2015</bibRefCitation>
). Although one dead red fox was discovered in Yanggu County,
<collectingRegion id="49CDC1CF645DFFE8FD67FB80FC585344" box="[703,921,1045,1070]" country="South Korea" name="Gangwon" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Gangwon Province</collectingRegion>
in
<collectingCountry id="F31E4FBD645DFFE8FC66FB83FB8C5347" box="[958,1101,1045,1070]" name="South Korea" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">South Korea</collectingCountry>
in 2004, the animal probably escaped from a fur farm in the area (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC645DFFE8FD87FBACFC855338" author="Jo &amp; Baccus" box="[607,836,1081,1106]" firstAuthor="Jo" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="513 - 518" refId="ref105064" refString="Jo, Y. S. &amp; Baccus, J. T. (2015) Case studies of the history and politics of wild canid restoration in Korea. Restoration Ecology, 23, 513 - 518. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / rec. 12256" type="journal article" year="2015">Jo &amp; Baccus 2015</bibRefCitation>
). A small population may remain in northern and northeastern areas of
<collectingCountry id="F31E4FBD645DFFE8FE51FBCBFDD7531F" box="[393,534,1117,1142]" name="North Korea" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">North Korea</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC645DFFE8FDFDFBC8FCC7531C" author="Won &amp; Smith" box="[549,774,1117,1142]" firstAuthor="Won" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="3 - 33" refId="ref125289" refString="Won, C. M. &amp; Smith, K. G. (1999) History and current status of mammals of the Korean Peninsula. Mammal Review, 29, 3 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 2907.1999.00034. x" type="journal article" year="1999">Won &amp; Smith 1999</bibRefCitation>
), but little evidence corroborated the presence of red foxes in
<collectingCountry id="F31E4FBD645DFFE8FF6CFB17FE8053F3" box="[180,321,1153,1178]" name="North Korea" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">North Korea</collectingCountry>
other than two individuals from the Gaemagowon (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC645DFFE8FC5CFB14FBE653F0" author="Yu" box="[900,1063,1153,1178]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Yu" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="753 - 760" refId="ref126349" refString="Yu, J. N., Han, S. H., Kim, B. H., Kryukov, A. P., Kim, S., Lee, B. Y. &amp; Kwak, M. (2012) Insights into Korean red fox (Fulpes vulpes) based on mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence variation in East Asia. Zoological Science, 29, 753 - 760. https: // doi. org / 10.2108 / zsj. 29.753" type="journal article" year="2012">
Yu
<emphasis id="B97DD33F645DFFE8FC74FB14FC1D53F0" box="[940,988,1153,1178]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">et al</emphasis>
. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="133213A8645DFFE8FBE9FB17FB4453F0" box="[1073,1157,1153,1178]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1927,1949]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,447,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@88.[340,1247,447,1905]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 56. Range map of Ƒulpes vulpes in Korea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4571856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4571856/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3135CA6645DFFE8FF1FFB33FE355218" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB60F2D645DFFE8FF1FFB33FC53526C" blockId="87.[151,1437,1009,1394]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B97DD33F645DFFE8FF1FFB33FEFC53D7" bold="true" box="[199,317,1189,1213]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Remarks:</emphasis>
Red foxes in
<collectingCountry id="F31E4FBD645DFFE8FE01FB30FDDF53D7" box="[473,542,1190,1213]" name="South Korea" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Korea</collectingCountry>
were described under the subspecies
<taxonomicName id="4C0974AE645DFFE8FC1CFB30FACD53D4" authority="Kishida, 1924" authorityName="Kishida" authorityYear="1924" box="[964,1292,1189,1214]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="vulpes" variety="peculiosa">
<emphasis id="B97DD33F645DFFE8FC1CFB30FBA453D4" box="[964,1125,1189,1214]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">V. v. peculiosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC645DFFE8FBB3FB33FACD53D4" author="Kishida" box="[1131,1292,1189,1214]" firstAuthor="Kishida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refId="ref107948" refString="Kishida, K. (1924) Illustrated encyclopedia of the mammals of Japan (1 st edition). Ornithological Socieity of Japan, Tokyo, 381 pp. [in Japanese]" type="book" year="1924">Kishida, 1924</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Analyses of cytochrome
<emphasis id="B97DD33F645DFFE8FEFCFB5FFEF35388" box="[292,306,1225,1250]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">b</emphasis>
gene indicated that red foxes inhabiting
<collectingCountry id="F31E4FBD645DFFE8FCD2FB5FFC58538B" box="[778,921,1225,1250]" name="South Korea" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">South Korea</collectingCountry>
represented both Eurasian and North Pacific lineages, implying at least two recent immigrations (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC645DFFE8FD3AFB78FC47526C" author="Yu" box="[738,902,1261,1286]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Yu" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="753 - 760" refId="ref126349" refString="Yu, J. N., Han, S. H., Kim, B. H., Kryukov, A. P., Kim, S., Lee, B. Y. &amp; Kwak, M. (2012) Insights into Korean red fox (Fulpes vulpes) based on mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence variation in East Asia. Zoological Science, 29, 753 - 760. https: // doi. org / 10.2108 / zsj. 29.753" type="journal article" year="2012">
Yu
<emphasis id="B97DD33F645DFFE8FCD2FB78FCFA526C" box="[778,827,1261,1286]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">et al</emphasis>
. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB60F2D645DFFE8FF1FFA87FE355218" blockId="87.[151,1437,1009,1394]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B97DD33F645DFFE8FF1FFA87FE7E5243" bold="true" box="[199,447,1297,1322]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Conservation status:</emphasis>
The Ministry of Environment in
<collectingCountry id="F31E4FBD645DFFE8FCE3FA87FC095243" box="[827,968,1297,1322]" name="South Korea" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">South Korea</collectingCountry>
designated the red fox as an Endangered Species in 1997. A restoration plan began in 2012 with the release of captive-raised foxes, after the species became extirpated (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC645DFFE8FECEFACCFE285218" author="Jo &amp; Baccus" box="[278,489,1369,1394]" firstAuthor="Jo" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="513 - 518" refId="ref105064" refString="Jo, Y. S. &amp; Baccus, J. T. (2015) Case studies of the history and politics of wild canid restoration in Korea. Restoration Ecology, 23, 513 - 518. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / rec. 12256" type="journal article" year="2015">Jo &amp; Baccus 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>