treatments-xml/data/03/94/87/0394878DFFAA7B311B03F955FBD2D98F.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a27" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E4896081-9312-4EA6-AE33-AAC44201748E" checkinTime="1664917095605" checkinUser="admin" docAuthor="Sandoval, José" docDate="2022" docId="0394878DFFAA7B311B03F955FBD2D98F" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.44.27.801-851.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 44 (27)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Soninniidae Buckman 1892" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="808" masterDocId="FFADFFF5FFA27B381A52FFC7FFE0D81E" masterDocTitle="Sonniniidae Ammonitina, Middle Jurassic from Southern Spain: taxonomic, biostratigraphical and palaeobiogeographical analysis" masterLastPageNumber="851" masterPageNumber="801" pageNumber="807" updateTime="1665000352097" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:title>Sonniniidae Ammonitina, Middle Jurassic from Southern Spain: taxonomic, biostratigraphical and palaeobiogeographical analysis</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Sandoval, José</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-09-15</mods:number>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[337,570,1682,1708]" lastBlockId="8.[214,693,1714,1740]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">
<heading centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" reason="3">
Family 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buckman" authorityYear="1892" class="Cephalopoda" family="Soninniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" rank="family">
SONINNIIDAE Buckman, 
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1892 
<emphasis box="[403,425,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">in</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="BUCKMAN S. S." box="[433,617,1714,1740]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" pagination="1 - 456" refId="ref40384" refString="BUCKMAN S. S. 1887 - 1907. - A Monograph of the Ammonites from the Inferior Oolite Series. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society 1 (1 - 6): 1 - 456 + cclxii p., 103 + 24 supplementary pls. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9781316257203" type="journal article" year="1887">Buckman (1887</bibRefCitation>
-1907)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="807" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="8.[132,776,1778,2028]" box="[132,283,1778,1804]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[132,776,1778,2028]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">
<bibRefCitation author="HOWARTH M. K." box="[132,317,1810,1836]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" refId="ref43758" refString="HOWARTH M. K. 2013. - Treatease Online No. 57, Part L, Revised, Volume 3 B, Chapter 4: Psiloceratoidea, Eodoceratoidea, Hildoceratoidea. The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 139 p. https: // doi. org / 10.17161 / to. v 0 i 0.4441" type="book" year="2013">Howarth (2013</bibRefCitation>
, in 
<emphasis box="[370,456,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Treatise</emphasis>
), describes 
<taxonomicName box="[602,743,1810,1836]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Sonniniidae</taxonomicName>
as follows: “Typical forms are stout planulates with strong hollow keel, ribs, and midlateral tubercles at least early in growth. Other forms show great variety, from evolute planulates to sphaerocones and oxycones, but almost all have 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Douville" authorityYear="1879" box="[194,295,1969,1995]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Sonninia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="818" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Sonninia</taxonomicName>
like innermost whorls, and ribs, tubercles or spines at some stage. Several genera are dimorphic”.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="808" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="8.[810,1457,216,2028]" box="[813,913,216,242]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">REMARKS</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[810,1457,216,2028]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">
In the latest version of the 
<emphasis box="[1090,1169,248,273]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Treatise</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="HOWARTH M. K." box="[1185,1344,247,273]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" refId="ref43758" refString="HOWARTH M. K. 2013. - Treatease Online No. 57, Part L, Revised, Volume 3 B, Chapter 4: Psiloceratoidea, Eodoceratoidea, Hildoceratoidea. The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 139 p. https: // doi. org / 10.17161 / to. v 0 i 0.4441" type="book" year="2013">Howarth 2013</bibRefCitation>
), the family 
<taxonomicName box="[846,975,279,305]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Sonniniidae</taxonomicName>
is divided into two subfamilies: 
<taxonomicName box="[1325,1455,279,305]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="840" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sonniniinae">Sonniniinae</taxonomicName>
Buckman, 1892 and 
<taxonomicName box="[1045,1189,311,337]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="822" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Witchelliinae">Witchelliinae</taxonomicName>
Callomon &amp; 
<bibRefCitation author="CHANDLER R. B. &amp; CALLOMON J. H. &amp; KING A. &amp; JEFFREYS K. &amp; VARAH M. &amp; BENTLEY A." pageId="8" pageNumber="807" pagination="345 - 375" refId="ref40976" refString="CHANDLER R. B., CALLOMON J. H., KING A., JEFFREYS K., VARAH M. &amp; BENTLEY A. 2006. - The stratigraphy of the Inferior Oolite at South Main Road Quarry, Dundry, Avon. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 117: 345 - 375. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0016 - 7878 (06) 80043 - X" type="journal article" year="2006">
Chandler, 
<quantity box="[814,902,343,369]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0952399999999995" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" unit="in" value="2006.0">2006 in</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation author="CHANDLER R. B. &amp; CALLOMON J. H. &amp; KING A. &amp; JEFFREYS K. &amp; VARAH M. &amp; BENTLEY A." box="[911,1161,343,369]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" pagination="345 - 375" refId="ref40976" refString="CHANDLER R. B., CALLOMON J. H., KING A., JEFFREYS K., VARAH M. &amp; BENTLEY A. 2006. - The stratigraphy of the Inferior Oolite at South Main Road Quarry, Dundry, Avon. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 117: 345 - 375. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0016 - 7878 (06) 80043 - X" type="journal article" year="2006">
Chandler 
<emphasis box="[1021,1076,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">et al.</emphasis>
(2006)
</bibRefCitation>
. In 
<taxonomicName box="[1208,1343,343,369]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="840" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sonniniinae">Sonniniinae</taxonomicName>
, Howarth included the following genera: 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Douville" authorityYear="1879" box="[1142,1237,375,401]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Sonninia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1142,1237,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Sonninia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[with the subgenera 
<emphasis box="[812,832,407,433]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">S.</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Douville" authorityYear="1879" box="[851,947,407,433]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Sonninia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[851,947,407,433]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Sonninia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) 
<bibRefCitation author="DOUVILLE H." box="[966,1138,406,433]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" pagination="91 - 92" refId="ref42783" refString="DOUVILLE H. 1879. - Presentation de l'Atlas du IVeme volume de l'explication de la Carte geologique de la France, par M. Bayle. Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France, ser. 3, 7: 91 - 92. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 54976809" type="journal article" year="1879">Douvillé, 1879</bibRefCitation>
; 
<emphasis box="[1153,1173,407,433]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">S.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis box="[1190,1325,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Euhoploceras</emphasis>
) Buckman, 1913; 
<emphasis box="[886,907,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">S.</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buckman" authorityYear="1920" box="[925,1044,438,464]" genus="Papilliceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[925,1044,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Papilliceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) Buckman, 1920; and 
<emphasis box="[1309,1330,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">S.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis box="[1346,1446,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Alaskinia</emphasis>
) 
<bibRefCitation author="WESTERMANN G. E. G." box="[813,1021,470,497]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" pagination="604" refId="ref48014" refString="WESTERMANN G. E. G. 1978. - Alaskinia nom. nov. for Alaskoceras Westermann, 1969, non Miller &amp; Kummel, 1945; Jurassic Ammonitina. Journal of Paleontology 52: 604. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 1303964" type="journal article" year="1978">Westermann, 1978</bibRefCitation>
]; 
<taxonomicName authority="Buckman, 1923" authorityName="Buckman" authorityYear="1923" box="[1036,1323,470,497]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Sonninites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1036,1143,471,497]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Sonninites</emphasis>
Buckman, 1923
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="Buckman, 1910" authorityName="Buckman" authorityYear="1910" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Shirbuirnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1332,1454,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Shirbuirnia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="BUCKMAN S. S." box="[813,991,502,528]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" pagination="90 - 108" refId="ref40595" refString="BUCKMAN S. S. 1910. - Certain Jurassic (Inferior Oolite) species of ammonites and Brachiopoda. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 66: 90 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / GSL. JGS. 1910.066.01 - 04.06" type="journal article" year="1910">Buckman, 1910</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="Dietze et al., 2005" authorityName="Dietze" authorityYear="2005" box="[1004,1403,502,529]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Pseudoshirbuirnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1004,1191,502,528]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Pseudoshirbuirnia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="DIETZE V. &amp; CALLOMON J. H. &amp; SCHWEIGERT G. &amp; CHANDLER R. B." box="[1198,1403,502,529]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref41866" refString="DIETZE V., CALLOMON J. H., SCHWEIGERT G. &amp; CHANDLER R. B. 2005. - The ammonite fauna and biostratigraphy of the Lower Bajocian (Ovale and Laeviuscula zones) of E Swabia (S Germany). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde B 353: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2005">
Dietze 
<emphasis box="[1276,1329,502,528]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">et al.</emphasis>
, 2005
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; and 
<taxonomicName authority="Buckman, 1892" authorityName="Buckman" authorityYear="1892" box="[814,1100,534,560]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Dorsetensia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[814,927,535,560]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Dorsetensia</emphasis>
Buckman, 1892
</taxonomicName>
. In 
<taxonomicName box="[1135,1277,534,560]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="822" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Witchelliinae">Witchelliinae</taxonomicName>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="HOWARTH M. K." box="[1283,1455,534,561]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" refId="ref43758" refString="HOWARTH M. K. 2013. - Treatease Online No. 57, Part L, Revised, Volume 3 B, Chapter 4: Psiloceratoidea, Eodoceratoidea, Hildoceratoidea. The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 139 p. https: // doi. org / 10.17161 / to. v 0 i 0.4441" type="book" year="2013">Howarth (2013)</bibRefCitation>
included the genera: 
<taxonomicName authority="Buckman, 1889" authorityName="Buckman" authorityYear="1889" box="[1031,1317,566,592]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Witchellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1031,1137,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Witchellia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="BUCKMAN S. S." box="[1144,1317,566,592]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" pagination="651 - 663" refId="ref40442" refString="BUCKMAN S. S. 1889. - The descent of Sonninia and Hammatoceras. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 45: 651 - 663. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / GSL. JGS. 1889.045.01 - 04.43" type="journal article" year="1889">Buckman, 1889</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="Buckman, 1899" authorityName="Buckman" authorityYear="1899" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Asthenoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1326,1454,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Asthenoceras</emphasis>
Buckman, 1899
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="Buckman, 1902" authorityName="Buckman" authorityYear="1902" box="[993,1296,598,624]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Fontannesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[993,1117,599,624]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Fontannesia</emphasis>
Buckman, 1902
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="Hall, 1989" authorityName="Hall" authorityYear="1989" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Newmarracarroceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Newmarracarroceras</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="HALL R. L." box="[888,1009,630,656]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref43376" refString="HALL R. L. 1989. - Lower Bajocian ammonites (Middle Jurassic; Sonniniidae) from the Newmarracarra Limestone, Western Australia. Alcheringa 13: 1 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03115518908619122" type="journal article" year="1989">Hall, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; and 
<taxonomicName authority="McLearn, 1926" authorityName="McLearn" authorityYear="1926" box="[1067,1345,630,656]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Guhsania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1067,1167,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Guhsania</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="MCLEARN F. H." box="[1174,1345,630,656]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" pagination="136 - 149" refId="ref44644" refString="MCLEARN F. H. 1926. - New Jurassic species from the Hazelton Group of British Columbia. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Canada 44: 89 - 99, 136 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.4095 / 105021" type="journal article" year="1926">McLearn, 1926</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[810,1457,216,2028]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">
Almost simultaneously to the publication of the 
<emphasis box="[1348,1423,662,687]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Treatise</emphasis>
by Howarth, a study bySandoval 
<emphasis box="[1120,1167,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">et al.</emphasis>
(2012) concerning the latest 
<taxonomicName box="[810,1000,725,751]" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Grammoceratinae">Grammoceratinae</taxonomicName>
, and later a follow-up study by 
<bibRefCitation author="SANDOVAL J. &amp; O'DOGHERTY L." pageId="8" pageNumber="807" pagination="112 - 114" refId="ref46822" refString="SANDOVAL J. &amp; O'DOGHERTY L. 2018. - The Sonniniidae (Hammatoceratoidea, Ammonitida) of the southern Spain (westernmost Tethys): taxonomy and biostratigraphy, in ROSALES DOMINGUEZ C. &amp; OLORIZ F. (eds), 10 th International Congress on the Jurassic System, Abstracts Volume. Paleontologia Mexicana, special vol. 3: 112 - 114." type="journal article" year="2018">Sandoval &amp; O’Dogherty(2018)</bibRefCitation>
characterized 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buckman" authorityYear="1899" box="[1145,1264,757,783]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Asthenoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1145,1264,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Asthenoceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as typical of 
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Grammoceratinae">Grammoceratinae</taxonomicName>
with close phylogenetic relationships with the Late Toarcian-Middle Aalenian genus 
<taxonomicName box="[1148,1224,821,847]" class="Cephalopoda" genus="Vacekia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1148,1224,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Vacekia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Thus, the latest forms of 
<taxonomicName box="[838,914,853,879]" class="Cephalopoda" genus="Vacekia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[838,914,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Vacekia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and earliest forms of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buckman" authorityYear="1899" box="[1124,1246,853,879]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Asthenoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1124,1246,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Asthenoceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are morphologically very similar, with a simple septal suture and a hollow, notably high keel. The genus 
<emphasis box="[1036,1163,918,943]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buckman" authorityYear="1902" box="[1036,1159,918,943]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Fontannesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Fontannesia</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
which has been classified as possibly belonging to 
<taxonomicName box="[1045,1233,949,975]" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Grammoceratinae">Grammoceratinae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="LINARES A. &amp; SANDOVAL J." pageId="8" pageNumber="807" pagination="3 - 11" refId="ref44410" refString="LINARES A. &amp; SANDOVAL J. 1988. - Asthenoceras y Fontannesia (Grammoceratinae?, Ammonitina) del transito Aaleniense- Bajociense de la Zona Subbetica (Sur de Espana). Revista Espanola de Paleontologia 3: 3 - 11." type="journal article" year="1988">Linares &amp; Sandoval 1988</bibRefCitation>
) or 
<taxonomicName box="[916,1058,980,1006]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="822" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Witchelliinae">Witchelliinae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="CHANDLER R. B. &amp; CALLOMON J. H. &amp; KING A. &amp; JEFFREYS K. &amp; VARAH M. &amp; BENTLEY A." box="[1075,1299,980,1006]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" pagination="345 - 375" refId="ref40976" refString="CHANDLER R. B., CALLOMON J. H., KING A., JEFFREYS K., VARAH M. &amp; BENTLEY A. 2006. - The stratigraphy of the Inferior Oolite at South Main Road Quarry, Dundry, Avon. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 117: 345 - 375. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0016 - 7878 (06) 80043 - X" type="journal article" year="2006">
Chandler 
<emphasis box="[1184,1236,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
), has a simple septal suture, but not as simplified as among contemporaneous 
<taxonomicName box="[811,1001,1044,1070]" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Grammoceratinae">Grammoceratinae</taxonomicName>
, and keel is not as high. The genus 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hall" authorityYear="1989" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Newmarracarroceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Newmarracarroceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus box="[942,990,1076,1102]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">type</typeStatus>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Crick, 1894" authorityName="Crick" authorityYear="1894" box="[999,1315,1076,1102]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Dorsetensia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clarkei">
<emphasis box="[999,1183,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Dorsetensia clarkei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="CRICK G. C." box="[1189,1315,1076,1102]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" pagination="385 - 392" refId="ref41434" refString="CRICK G. C. 1894. - On a collection of Jurassic ammonites from Western Australia. Geological Magazine (4) 1: 385 - 392. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800143584" type="journal article" year="1894">Crick, 1894</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[
<bibRefCitation author="CRICK G. C." pageId="8" pageNumber="807" pagination="385 - 392" refId="ref41434" refString="CRICK G. C. 1894. - On a collection of Jurassic ammonites from Western Australia. Geological Magazine (4) 1: 385 - 392. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800143584" type="journal article" year="1894">Crick 1894: 388</bibRefCitation>
]; OD), from Western Australia, New 
<collectingCountry box="[1248,1327,1108,1134]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Guinea</collectingCountry>
, and eastern 
<collectingCountry box="[812,916,1140,1166]" name="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, is remarkably similar to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buckman" authorityYear="1902" box="[1184,1304,1141,1166]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Fontannesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1184,1304,1141,1166]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Fontannesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the 
<typeStatus box="[1381,1426,1141,1167]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">type</typeStatus>
of coiling, cross-section, ribbing, keel, and septal suture. It has only minor differences with respect to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buckman" authorityYear="1902" box="[1212,1332,1205,1230]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Fontannesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1212,1332,1205,1230]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Fontannesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, i.e. a more compressed whorl section and weaker ribbing, which disappears before the end of the 
<collectingCountry box="[1033,1073,1268,1294]" name="Philippines" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">PH</collectingCountry>
. In view of these small dissimilarities in addition to the remote geographical areas they occupied, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buckman" authorityYear="1902" box="[814,934,1332,1357]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Fontannesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[814,934,1332,1357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Fontannesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hall" authorityYear="1989" box="[985,1188,1332,1357]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Newmarracarroceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[985,1188,1332,1357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Newmarracarroceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be classified as two separate genera but certainly with close phylogenetic relationships.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[810,1457,216,2028]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">
The genus 
<emphasis box="[943,1082,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Latiwitchellia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="IMLAY R. W." box="[1089,1213,1395,1421]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref44018" refString="IMLAY R. W. 1973. - Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) Ammonites from Eastern Oregon. Professional Paper of the U. S. Geological Survey 756: 1 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.3133 / pp 756" type="journal article" year="1973">Imlay, 1973</bibRefCitation>
(
<typeStatus box="[1225,1272,1395,1421]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">type</typeStatus>
species 
<taxonomicName authority="Imlay, 1973" authorityName="Imlay" authorityYear="1973" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Witchellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="evoluta" subGenus="Latiwitchellia">
<emphasis box="[1350,1454,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Witchellia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis box="[821,959,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Latiwitchellia</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis box="[972,1043,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">evoluta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="IMLAY R. W." box="[1046,1169,1427,1453]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref44018" refString="IMLAY R. W. 1973. - Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) Ammonites from Eastern Oregon. Professional Paper of the U. S. Geological Survey 756: 1 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.3133 / pp 756" type="journal article" year="1973">Imlay, 1973</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[
<bibRefCitation author="IMLAY R. W." box="[1184,1343,1427,1454]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref44018" refString="IMLAY R. W. 1973. - Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) Ammonites from Eastern Oregon. Professional Paper of the U. S. Geological Survey 756: 1 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.3133 / pp 756" type="journal article" year="1973">Imlay 1973: 70</bibRefCitation>
, pls 31-33; HT, OD, the specimen of the pl. 31: figs 1, 2, 5, 6]), from 
<collectingRegion box="[814,894,1491,1517]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Oregon</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry box="[906,1047,1491,1517]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">United States</collectingCountry>
), which was originally included byImlay (1973: 70) as a subgenus of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buckman" authorityYear="1889" box="[1097,1201,1523,1549]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Witchellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1097,1201,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Witchellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, occurs in some sections of the Subbetic (Betic Cordillera, 
<collectingCountry box="[1175,1239,1554,1581]" name="Spain" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Spain</collectingCountry>
). This genus, which is not mentioned by 
<bibRefCitation author="HOWARTH M. K." box="[1039,1206,1586,1613]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" refId="ref43758" refString="HOWARTH M. K. 2013. - Treatease Online No. 57, Part L, Revised, Volume 3 B, Chapter 4: Psiloceratoidea, Eodoceratoidea, Hildoceratoidea. The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 139 p. https: // doi. org / 10.17161 / to. v 0 i 0.4441" type="book" year="2013">Howarth (2013</bibRefCitation>
, in the 
<emphasis box="[1293,1368,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Treatise</emphasis>
), shows similarities with 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buckman" authorityYear="1899" box="[983,1108,1618,1644]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Asthenoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[983,1108,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Asthenoceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and, particularly, with 
<taxonomicName authority="Sandoval, 2012" authorityName="Sandoval" authorityYear="2012" class="Cephalopoda" family="Hildoceratidae" genus="Linaresites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1349,1454,1619,1644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Linaresites</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="SANDOVAL J. &amp; HENRIQUES M. H. &amp; CHANDLER R. B. &amp; URETA M." box="[813,976,1650,1676]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" pagination="109 - 219" refId="ref46889" refString="SANDOVAL J., HENRIQUES M. H., CHANDLER R. B. &amp; URETA M. 2012. - Latest Toarcian-earliest Bajocian (Jurassic) Grammoceratinae (Hildoceratidae, Ammonitina) of the western Tethys: their palaeobiogeographic and phylogenetic significance. Geobios 45: 109 - 219. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. geobios. 2011.11.001" type="journal article" year="2012">Sandoval, 2012</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus box="[991,1038,1650,1676]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">type</typeStatus>
species, 
<taxonomicName authority="Linares &amp; Sandoval, 1988" authorityName="Linares &amp; Sandoval" authorityYear="1988" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Fontannesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="montillanensis">
<emphasis box="[1129,1402,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Fontannesia montillanensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="LINARES A. &amp; SANDOVAL J." pageId="8" pageNumber="807" pagination="3 - 11" refId="ref44410" refString="LINARES A. &amp; SANDOVAL J. 1988. - Asthenoceras y Fontannesia (Grammoceratinae?, Ammonitina) del transito Aaleniense- Bajociense de la Zona Subbetica (Sur de Espana). Revista Espanola de Paleontologia 3: 3 - 11." type="journal article" year="1988">Linares &amp; Sandoval, 1988</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[
<bibRefCitation author="LINARES A. &amp; SANDOVAL J." box="[1071,1372,1682,1709]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" pagination="3 - 11" refId="ref44410" refString="LINARES A. &amp; SANDOVAL J. 1988. - Asthenoceras y Fontannesia (Grammoceratinae?, Ammonitina) del transito Aaleniense- Bajociense de la Zona Subbetica (Sur de Espana). Revista Espanola de Paleontologia 3: 3 - 11." type="journal article" year="1988">Linares &amp; Sandoval 1988: 8</bibRefCitation>
, HT in pl. 1: figs 12, 13]), which is not mentioned either in the new 
<emphasis box="[813,890,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Treatise</emphasis>
. According to 
<bibRefCitation author="SANDOVAL J. &amp; HENRIQUES M. H. &amp; CHANDLER R. B. &amp; URETA M." box="[1055,1292,1746,1772]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" pagination="109 - 219" refId="ref46889" refString="SANDOVAL J., HENRIQUES M. H., CHANDLER R. B. &amp; URETA M. 2012. - Latest Toarcian-earliest Bajocian (Jurassic) Grammoceratinae (Hildoceratidae, Ammonitina) of the western Tethys: their palaeobiogeographic and phylogenetic significance. Geobios 45: 109 - 219. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. geobios. 2011.11.001" type="journal article" year="2012">
Sandoval 
<emphasis box="[1158,1210,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<emphasis box="[1306,1455,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Latiwitchellia,</emphasis>
which occurs in the Discites and Ovale zones of the Subbetic, appears to be the latest representative of the subfamily 
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Grammoceratinae">Grammoceratinae</taxonomicName>
, rather than a primitive 
<taxonomicName box="[1198,1343,1841,1867]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="822" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Witchelliinae">Witchelliinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[810,1457,216,2028]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">
The genus 
<taxonomicName authority="McLearn, 1926" authorityName="McLearn" authorityYear="1926" box="[952,1227,1873,1900]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Guhsania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[952,1052,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Guhsania</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="MCLEARN F. H." box="[1059,1227,1873,1900]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" pagination="136 - 149" refId="ref44644" refString="MCLEARN F. H. 1926. - New Jurassic species from the Hazelton Group of British Columbia. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Canada 44: 89 - 99, 136 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.4095 / 105021" type="journal article" year="1926">McLearn, 1926</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="MCLEARN F. H." box="[1243,1447,1873,1900]" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" pagination="136 - 149" refId="ref44644" refString="MCLEARN F. H. 1926. - New Jurassic species from the Hazelton Group of British Columbia. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Canada 44: 89 - 99, 136 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.4095 / 105021" type="journal article" year="1926">McLearn 1926: 98</bibRefCitation>
) from Middle Jurassic (Lower Bajocian, Laeviuscula Zone) of 
<collectingRegion box="[813,997,1937,1963]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry box="[1010,1095,1937,1964]" name="Canada" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Canada</collectingCountry>
) shows similarities with 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buckman" authorityYear="1889" box="[1348,1454,1937,1963]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Witchellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="807" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1348,1454,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="807">Witchellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but is less involute and the ribs become large and widely spaced on the outer whorl.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[130,775,215,497]" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">
Lastly, the genus 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buckman" authorityYear="1892" box="[334,452,216,241]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Dorsetensia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="808" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[334,452,216,241]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">Dorsetensia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with a relatively simple septal suture, and closely similar to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buckman" authorityYear="1889" box="[446,552,247,273]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Witchellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="808" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[446,552,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">Witchellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in general morphology, ornamentation, size, and 
<typeStatus box="[449,495,280,306]" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">type</typeStatus>
of dimorphism, should be included in 
<taxonomicName box="[260,404,311,337]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="822" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Witchelliinae">Witchelliinae</taxonomicName>
rather than in 
<taxonomicName box="[567,701,311,337]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="840" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sonniniinae">Sonniniinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[130,775,215,497]" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">
In short, the genus 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buckman" authorityYear="1899" box="[345,467,343,369]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Asthenoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="808" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[345,467,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">Asthenoceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is excluded from 
<taxonomicName box="[645,772,343,369]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="808" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Sonniniidae</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buckman" authorityYear="1892" box="[130,248,375,400]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Dorsetensia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="808" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[130,248,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">Dorsetensia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is transferred from 
<taxonomicName box="[460,590,375,401]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="840" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sonniniinae">Sonniniinae</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName box="[623,771,375,401]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="822" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Witchelliinae">Witchelliinae</taxonomicName>
, while certain doubts remain concerning the taxonomic status of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buckman" authorityYear="1902" box="[159,282,439,464]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Fontannesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="808" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[159,282,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">Fontannesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hall" authorityYear="1989" box="[293,500,439,464]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Newmarracarroceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="808" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[293,500,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">Newmarracarroceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<emphasis box="[555,696,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">Latiwitchellia</emphasis>
, which appear to be the last representatives of 
<taxonomicName box="[547,745,470,496]" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" pageId="9" pageNumber="807" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Grammoceratinae">Grammoceratinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[130,777,535,1772]" box="[132,275,535,561]" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">DIMORPHISM</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[130,777,535,1772]" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">
Dimorphism is remarkably common and usually quite pronounced in the sonniniids. Macroconchs [M] are relatively large in size and have a simple peristome. Although several Subbetic shells are incomplete and lack an intact peristome, making it difficult to discriminate from the inner whorls of larger forms, some genera have two distinct 
<typeStatus box="[609,664,726,752]" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">types</typeStatus>
of dimorphism: 
<typeStatus box="[212,265,758,784]" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">Type</typeStatus>
1) Several specimens, well preserved, complete with mouth borders and signs of maturity such as crowding of sutures, eccentric coiling of the last whorl, modification of the ribbing on the last third of the BC, and constriction of the peristome, have plain mouth borders and have no lappets. 
<bibRefCitation author="WESTERMANN G. E. G." box="[187,455,917,943]" pageId="9" pageNumber="808" pagination="289 - 312" refId="ref47922" refString="WESTERMANN G. E. G. 1966. - Covariation and taxonomy of the Jurassic ammonite Sonninia adicra (WAAGEN). Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie Abhandlungen 124: 289 - 312." type="journal article" year="1966">Westermann (1966: 309)</bibRefCitation>
proposed that such specimens likely represented dimorphous of 
<emphasis box="[520,656,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">Euhoploceras</emphasis>
. This idea was supported by 
<bibRefCitation author="SANDOVAL J. &amp; CHANDLER R. B." box="[340,658,980,1007]" pageId="9" pageNumber="808" pagination="495 - 532" refId="ref46722" refString="SANDOVAL J. &amp; CHANDLER R. B. 2000. - The Sonniniid ammonite Euhoploceras from the Middle Jurassic of South-West England and Southern Spain. Palaeontology 43: 495 - 532. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 0031 - 0239.2000.00137. x" type="journal article" year="2000">Sandoval &amp; Chandler (2000</bibRefCitation>
: see pl. 9, figs 1-5), after analyzing the genus 
<emphasis box="[531,666,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">Euhoploceras</emphasis>
of southwest 
<collectingCountry box="[186,277,1044,1070]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">England</collectingCountry>
and southern 
<collectingCountry box="[434,498,1044,1070]" name="Spain" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">Spain</collectingCountry>
. According to the 
<emphasis box="[696,775,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">Treatise</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="HOWARTH M. K." box="[141,301,1076,1102]" pageId="9" pageNumber="808" refId="ref43758" refString="HOWARTH M. K. 2013. - Treatease Online No. 57, Part L, Revised, Volume 3 B, Chapter 4: Psiloceratoidea, Eodoceratoidea, Hildoceratoidea. The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 139 p. https: // doi. org / 10.17161 / to. v 0 i 0.4441" type="book" year="2013">Howarth 2013</bibRefCitation>
), this 
<typeStatus box="[368,414,1077,1103]" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">type</typeStatus>
of dimorphism is common in the subfamily 
<taxonomicName box="[242,376,1108,1134]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="808" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sonniniinae">Sonniniinae</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation author="CHANDLER R. B." box="[384,621,1108,1135]" pageId="9" pageNumber="808" pagination="772 - 791" refId="ref40847" refString="CHANDLER R. B. 2019. - A new ammonite faunal horizon in the Ovale Zone (Middle Jurassic, Lower Bajocian) and observations on the ammonite genus Sonninia at Coombe Quarry, Mapperton, near Beaminster, Dorset. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 130: 772 - 791. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. pgeola. 2019.10.004" type="journal article" year="2019">Chandler (2019: 782)</bibRefCitation>
supposed that these forms are small adult macroconchs, which he named as mesoconchs. 
<typeStatus box="[304,357,1172,1198]" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">Type</typeStatus>
2) More common are small specimens (&lt;
<quantity box="[164,244,1204,1230]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="808" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
in diameter) that have lateral lappets, which are long and spatulate in some forms. In certain cases, these microconchs have modified coiling of the last whorl. These ‘ 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buckman" authorityYear="1923" box="[139,251,1299,1325]" genus="Pelekodites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="808" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[139,251,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">Pelekodites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-style’ ammonites vary from rare spinose forms to more common ribbed-only shells and are slightly more evolute than their corresponding macroconchs. According to 
<bibRefCitation author="HOWARTH M. K." box="[162,332,1395,1421]" pageId="9" pageNumber="808" refId="ref43758" refString="HOWARTH M. K. 2013. - Treatease Online No. 57, Part L, Revised, Volume 3 B, Chapter 4: Psiloceratoidea, Eodoceratoidea, Hildoceratoidea. The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 139 p. https: // doi. org / 10.17161 / to. v 0 i 0.4441" type="book" year="2013">Howarth (2013</bibRefCitation>
, in the 
<emphasis box="[418,496,1396,1421]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">Treatise</emphasis>
) this 
<typeStatus box="[559,605,1396,1422]" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">type</typeStatus>
of dimorphism with clearly differentiated [M] and [m] is common in the subfamily 
<taxonomicName box="[247,395,1459,1485]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="808" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Witchelliinae">Witchelliinae</taxonomicName>
. Here, it is assumed that this latter dimorphism, more characteristic than the former 
<typeStatus box="[651,699,1491,1517]" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">type</typeStatus>
, occurs in both 
<taxonomicName box="[217,347,1523,1549]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="840" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sonniniinae">Sonniniinae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[401,549,1523,1549]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="822" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Witchelliinae">Witchelliinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[130,777,535,1772]" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">Although dimorphism is common and readily apparent in sonniniids, it is almost always difficult to assign macroconchs and microconchs to the same taxon, particularly at species level. Therefore, in species descriptions, [M] is used for the “macro” forms and [m] for “micro”, but macro- and microconchs are often not assigned to the same species and sometimes not even to the same genus.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="808" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="9.[130,776,1810,2028]" box="[132,288,1810,1836]" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">DISTRIBUTION</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[130,776,1810,2028]" lastBlockId="9.[811,1456,215,401]" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">
Sonniniids extend from the Upper Aalenian (Concavum Zone) to the Lower Bajocian (Humphriesianum Zone) worldwide, except in the Boreal Realm. This stratigraphic range is occupied in the Subbetic domain. The sampled sections in this domain have provided specimens belonging to the genera 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Douville" authorityYear="1879" box="[134,228,2001,2027]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Sonninia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="808" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[134,228,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">Sonninia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(subgenera 
<emphasis box="[349,480,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">Euhoploceras</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Douville" authorityYear="1879" box="[494,588,2001,2027]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Sonninia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="808" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[494,588,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">Sonninia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buckman" authorityYear="1920" box="[643,758,2001,2027]" genus="Papilliceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="808" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[643,758,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">Papilliceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buckman" authorityYear="1923" box="[813,920,216,242]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Sonninites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="808" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[813,920,216,242]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">Sonninites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buckman" authorityYear="1889" box="[933,1039,215,241]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Witchellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="808" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[933,1039,215,241]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">Witchellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis box="[1090,1216,216,241]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buckman" authorityYear="1892" box="[1090,1212,216,241]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sonniniidae" genus="Dorsetensia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonoidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="808" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Dorsetensia</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="SANDOVAL J. &amp; CHANDLER R. B." pageId="9" pageNumber="808" pagination="495 - 532" refId="ref46722" refString="SANDOVAL J. &amp; CHANDLER R. B. 2000. - The Sonniniid ammonite Euhoploceras from the Middle Jurassic of South-West England and Southern Spain. Palaeontology 43: 495 - 532. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 0031 - 0239.2000.00137. x" type="journal article" year="2000">Sandoval &amp; Chandler (2000)</bibRefCitation>
made a detailed study of the upper Aalenian-lowermost Bajocian 
<emphasis box="[913,933,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">S.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis box="[949,1081,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="808">Euhoploceras</emphasis>
), and therefore, this subgenus will be analysed only briefly here. TheFigure 6 shows the approximate stratigraphic range of the sonniniid “species” recorded in the Subbetic domain.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>