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<document id="8EBC651E8C65D2A2688F22B7411C7FDB" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10208788" ID-ZooBank="9ECCB3F7-5481-47C2-8A5A-E9A3F38C31BA" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1701073812311" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D. &amp; Matamoros, Wilfredo A." docDate="2023" docId="038C8788E87EFF88FF792E58FBB63105" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5376.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5376 (1)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Poecilia sphenops Valenciennes 1846" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="FFB5FFF0E843FFB5FFEE2C1FFFA1347C" masterDocTitle="Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families" masterLastPageNumber="89" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="62" updateTime="1701194607627" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:title id="63001FCD996AA65D6FFA7F57C1618C03">Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="209B7A05D882FCA3E67205968EFED929">Angulo, Arturo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D5378A947B5911DC2035A86E28C6001B">Betts, Joel T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0BC7FA2DB29243D8EA03FAF094DE0E2A">Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 480 Wilson Rd # 13, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA joel. t. betts @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6018 - 8995</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="0D91A847FE28B599E013990383C666D9">Universidad Americana (UAM, Costado Noroeste Camino de Oriente, Managua, Nicaragua edgar. ecologica @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8148 - 3195</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="89C812582F4146AB889A54B8ABD87200">Department of Environment and Development, Zamorano Biodiversity Center. Zamorano University of Tegucigalpa, P. O. Box 93, Honduras evandenberghe @ zamorano. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7566 - 0415</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="B0C25F401C37B71241E2E3F96AA3F9FF">2023</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D1DE87EFF88FF792E58FDC5361D" ID-CoL="4KSFJ" authority="Valenciennes 1846" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1846" box="[151,612,583,609]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Poecilia" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphenops">
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE87EFF88FF792E58FF55361D" box="[151,244,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Poecilia</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE87EFF88FEF12E58FE26361D" box="[287,391,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">sphenops</emphasis>
Valenciennes 1846
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. Black Molly; Olomina, Alumina, Bobita, Panzona, Bubucha, Pepesca
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9A369EE87EFF88FF792E74FBB63105" blockId="61.[151,1437,583,1401]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE87EFF88FF792E74FEB136F9" bold="true" box="[151,272,619,645]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Vouchers:</emphasis>
UCR 0182-004 (213), 0183-002 (70), 0184-009 (140), 0265-011 (3), 0266-006 (20) and 0464-001 (2); FMNH 5929 (231), 5930 (13), 5931 (89), 5932 (19), 5933 (26), 5934 (27) and 52267 (3).
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE87EFF88FB672E91FA8536D4" bold="true" box="[1161,1316,654,680]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Distribution:</emphasis>
North and Central America; from central and southern Mexico to Nicaragua, Atlantic and Pacific drainages;
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE87EFF88FB302EADFACF36B0" bold="true" box="[1246,1390,690,716]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
(
<collectingCountry id="F332760EE87EFF88FB082EADFAC736B0" box="[1254,1382,690,716]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
)
</emphasis>
Co, UI, WK, Pr, GM, KP, Es (Atlantic), Ch, Ne, ER and PN (Pacific);
<quantity id="4CDD9B7BE87EFF88FC7F2EC9FBB9368D" box="[913,1048,726,753]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="175.0" valueMax="350.0" valueMin="0.0">0350 masl</quantity>
; Sec, Dia, Amp.
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE87EFF88FB352EC9FE273769" bold="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Occurrence and conservation status:</emphasis>
Nat; LC (2019), population trend unknown.
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE87EFF88FC6E2EE5FBA43768" bold="true" box="[896,1029,762,788]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Literature:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6FE87EFF88FBE32EE4FB713769" author="Meek" box="[1037,1232,763,789]" firstAuthor="Meek" page="113" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="97 - 132" refId="ref84723" refString="Meek, S. E. (1907) Synopsis of the fishes of the Great Lakes of Nicaragua. Field Columbian Museum Zoological Series, 7, 97 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 3761" type="journal article" year="1907">Meek (1907: 113</bibRefCitation>
; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology),
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6FE87EFF88FBFE2F00FB783745" author="Fowler" box="[1040,1241,799,825]" firstAuthor="Fowler" page="29" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="23 - 32" refId="ref82465" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1923) Fishes from Nicaragua. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 75, 23 - 32." type="journal article" year="1923">Fowler (1923: 29</bibRefCitation>
; listed, including information on distribution), Astorqui (1975: 107, as
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1DE87EFF88FD1F2F5CFC793721" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[753,984,835,861]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Mollinesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphenops">
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE87EFF88FD1F2F5CFC793721" box="[753,984,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Mollinesia sphenops</emphasis>
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—synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology),
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6FE87EFF88FB9C2F78FA9537FD" author="Villa" box="[1138,1332,871,897]" firstAuthor="Villa" page="134" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refId="ref86666" refString="Villa, J. (1982) Peces nicaraguenses de agua dulce. Editorial Union Cardoza y Cia. Ltda, Managua, 253 pp." type="book" year="1982">Villa (1982: 134</bibRefCitation>
; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology),
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6FE87EFF88FA842F94FE1637B5" author="Carr &amp; Giovannoli" firstAuthor="Carr" page="103" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="95 - 115" refId="ref81867" refString="Carr, A. F. Jr. &amp; Giovannoli, L. (1994) The fishes of the Choluteca drainage of southern Honduras. Ceiba, 35 (2), 95 - 115." type="journal article" year="1994">Carr &amp; Giovannoli (1994: 103</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1DE87EFF88FE0C2FB0FDD137B5" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[482,624,943,969]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Mollinesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphenops">
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE87EFF88FE0C2FB0FDD137B5" box="[482,624,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">M. sphenops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—synonym; brief description, including information on distribution and ecology),
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6FE87EFF88FEE62FCCFE793791" author="Poeser" box="[264,472,979,1005]" firstAuthor="Poeser" page="418" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="418 - 422" refId="ref85482" refString="Poeser, F. N. (2011) A 1740280761 n 1740280761 ew 1740280761 s 1740280761 pecies of 1740280761 Poecilia 1740280761 from Honduras (Teleostei: Poeciliidae). 1740280761 Copeia 1740280761, 2011 (1740280761 3) 1740280761, 418 - 422. [http: // www. jstor. org / stable / 41261898] https: // doi. org / 10.1643 / CI- 09 - 111" type="journal article" year="2011">Poeser (2011: 418</bibRefCitation>
; identification key and information on distribution and taxonomy),
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6FE87EFF88FB3A2FCCFF70306D" author="Alda" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Alda" page="1011" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="1011 - 1026" refId="ref80108" refString="Alda, F., Reina, R. G., Doadrio, I. &amp; Bermingham, E. (2013) Phylogeny and biogeography of the Poecilia sphenops species complex (Actinopterygii, Poeciliidae) in Central America. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 66 (3), 1011 - 1026. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2012.12.012" type="journal article" year="2013">
Alda
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE87EFF88FAFC2FCCFAEA3791" box="[1298,1355,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
(2013: 1011
</bibRefCitation>
; molecular delimitation, taxonomy and information on distribution, including a map),
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6FE87EFF88FB712FE8FA34306D" author="Bagley" box="[1183,1429,1014,1041]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bagley" page="1" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref81270" refString="Bagley, J. C., Alda, F., Breitman, M. F., Bermingham, E., Van Den Berghe, E. P. &amp; Johnson, J. B. (2015) Assessing species boundaries using multilocus species delimitation in a morphologically conserved group of Neotropical freshwater fishes, the Poecilia sphenops species complex (Poeciliidae). 1740280778 PLoS ONE, 10 (e 0121139), 1 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0121139" type="journal article" year="2015">
Bagley
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE87EFF88FB182FE8FA8E306D" box="[1270,1327,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
(2015: 1
</bibRefCitation>
; molecular delimitation, taxonomy and information on distribution, including a map),
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6FE87EFF88FB832804FA363049" author="Palacios" box="[1133,1431,1051,1077]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Palacios" page="232" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="230 - 244" refId="ref85225" refString="Palacios, M., Voelker, G., Rodriguez, L. A., Mateos, M. &amp; Tobler, M. (2016) Phylogenetic analyses of the subgenus Mollienesia (Poecilia, Poeciliidae, Teleostei) reveal taxonomic inconsistencies, cryptic biodiversity, and spatio-temporal aspects of diversification in Central America. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 103, 230 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2016.07.025" type="journal article" year="2016">
Palacios
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE87EFF88FB3A2804FAAF3049" box="[1236,1294,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
(2016: 232
</bibRefCitation>
; phylogenetic position and information on distribution, including a map) and Álvarez
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE87EFF88FB992820FB123025" box="[1143,1203,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
(2021: e3303; brief description, including an identification key and an illustration, and information on distribution).
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE87EFF88FB05287CFAC03001" bold="true" box="[1259,1377,1123,1149]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Remarks:</emphasis>
This species is listed here according to the morphological definition of
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6FE87EFF88FC6C2898FBB730DD" author="Meek" box="[898,1046,1159,1185]" firstAuthor="Meek" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="97 - 132" refId="ref84723" refString="Meek, S. E. (1907) Synopsis of the fishes of the Great Lakes of Nicaragua. Field Columbian Museum Zoological Series, 7, 97 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 3761" type="journal article" year="1907">Meek (1907)</bibRefCitation>
, Astorqui (1975),
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6FE87EFF88FB0D2898FACD30DD" author="Villa" box="[1251,1388,1159,1185]" firstAuthor="Villa" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refId="ref86666" refString="Villa, J. (1982) Peces nicaraguenses de agua dulce. Editorial Union Cardoza y Cia. Ltda, Managua, 253 pp." type="book" year="1982">Villa (1982)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6FE87EFF88FF7928B4FE9930B9" author="Poeser" box="[151,312,1195,1221]" firstAuthor="Poeser" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="418 - 422" refId="ref85482" refString="Poeser, F. N. (2011) A 1740280761 n 1740280761 ew 1740280761 s 1740280761 pecies of 1740280761 Poecilia 1740280761 from Honduras (Teleostei: Poeciliidae). 1740280761 Copeia 1740280761, 2011 (1740280761 3) 1740280761, 418 - 422. [http: // www. jstor. org / stable / 41261898] https: // doi. org / 10.1643 / CI- 09 - 111" type="journal article" year="2011">Poeser (2011)</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1DE87EFF88FEA828B4FDB430B9" ID-CoL="4KSFJ" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1846" box="[326,533,1195,1221]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Poecilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="sphenops">
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE87EFF88FEA828B4FDB430B9" box="[326,533,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Poecilia sphenops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26257F7E87EFF88FDC828B4FD1630B9" box="[550,695,1195,1221]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE87EFF88FDC828B4FDC530B8" box="[550,612,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">sensu</emphasis>
stricto
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, is distributed from southern Mexico to eastern El Salvador and Honduras (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6FE87EFF88FEFB28D0FE5F3095" author="Palacios" box="[277,510,1231,1257]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Palacios" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="230 - 244" refId="ref85225" refString="Palacios, M., Voelker, G., Rodriguez, L. A., Mateos, M. &amp; Tobler, M. (2016) Phylogenetic analyses of the subgenus Mollienesia (Poecilia, Poeciliidae, Teleostei) reveal taxonomic inconsistencies, cryptic biodiversity, and spatio-temporal aspects of diversification in Central America. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 103, 230 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2016.07.025" type="journal article" year="2016">
Palacios
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE87EFF88FE9028D0FE183095" box="[382,441,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6FE87EFF88FDE528D0FD703095" author="Matamoros" box="[523,721,1231,1257]" firstAuthor="Matamoros" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="191753" refId="ref83632" refString="Matamoros, W. (2019) Poecilia sphenops. 1740280771 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2019, e. T 191753 A 2002434. https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2019 - 2. RLTS. T 191753 A 2002434. en" type="journal article" year="2019">Matamoros 2019</bibRefCitation>
), reaching the north and central regions of Nicaragua (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6FE87EFF88FAA528D0FEB63171" author="Bagley" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bagley" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref81270" refString="Bagley, J. C., Alda, F., Breitman, M. F., Bermingham, E., Van Den Berghe, E. P. &amp; Johnson, J. B. (2015) Assessing species boundaries using multilocus species delimitation in a morphologically conserved group of Neotropical freshwater fishes, the Poecilia sphenops species complex (Poeciliidae). 1740280778 PLoS ONE, 10 (e 0121139), 1 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0121139" type="journal article" year="2015">
Bagley
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE87EFF88FF7928ECFF733171" box="[151,210,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
), up to the Pacific Nicaragua (PN) and Escondido (Es) River Basins. Moreover, based on molecular data,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6FE87EFF88FF3B2908FE18314D" author="Bagley" box="[213,441,1302,1329]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bagley" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref81270" refString="Bagley, J. C., Alda, F., Breitman, M. F., Bermingham, E., Van Den Berghe, E. P. &amp; Johnson, J. B. (2015) Assessing species boundaries using multilocus species delimitation in a morphologically conserved group of Neotropical freshwater fishes, the Poecilia sphenops species complex (Poeciliidae). 1740280778 PLoS ONE, 10 (e 0121139), 1 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0121139" type="journal article" year="2015">
Bagley
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE87EFF88FEC32908FEC7314D" box="[301,358,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
(2015)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6FE87EFF88FE1F2908FD42314D" author="Palacios" box="[497,739,1303,1329]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Palacios" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="230 - 244" refId="ref85225" refString="Palacios, M., Voelker, G., Rodriguez, L. A., Mateos, M. &amp; Tobler, M. (2016) Phylogenetic analyses of the subgenus Mollienesia (Poecilia, Poeciliidae, Teleostei) reveal taxonomic inconsistencies, cryptic biodiversity, and spatio-temporal aspects of diversification in Central America. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 103, 230 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2016.07.025" type="journal article" year="2016">
Palacios
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE87EFF88FDB92908FD31314D" box="[599,656,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
(2016)
</bibRefCitation>
listed
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1DE87EFF88FCDE2908FC14314D" box="[816,949,1303,1329]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Poecilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE87EFF88FCDE2908FC2C314D" box="[816,909,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Poecilia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
“Tipitapa”, an “undescribed species” from Nicaragua, as part of the “
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1DE87EFF88FE5B2924FD213129" ID-CoL="4KSFJ" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1846" box="[437,640,1339,1365]" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Poecilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphenops">
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE87EFF88FE5B2924FD213129" box="[437,640,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Poecilia sphenops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex”. Morphological and more inclusive molecular studies are necessary to clarify this situation and to properly diagnose all taxa involved.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>