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<document id="A6C2E5A599AB7ECAEC2431DCFEEE0D66" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10208788" ID-ZooBank="9ECCB3F7-5481-47C2-8A5A-E9A3F38C31BA" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1701073812311" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D. &amp; Matamoros, Wilfredo A." docDate="2023" docId="038C8788E87CFF8AFF79299DFB6A3209" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5376.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5376 (1)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Belonidae Bonaparte 1835" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="64" masterDocId="FFB5FFF0E843FFB5FFEE2C1FFFA1347C" masterDocTitle="Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families" masterLastPageNumber="89" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="64" updateTime="1701194607627" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:title id="BC317339E4F0017E77C9E4EE3D77BCDD">Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D16A12C6E2A6FBDCC457B630FB7CC2BD">Betts, Joel T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="67D56C29784DAD8293B3D6CFF9F726A2">Universidad Americana (UAM, Costado Noroeste Camino de Oriente, Managua, Nicaragua edgar. ecologica @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8148 - 3195</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="134BB06BC52FD1EF0CEA7C6D6A0E457B">Berghe, Eric Van Den</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="02895CE18166A5AF8A27AECCD654E225">Department of Environment and Development, Zamorano Biodiversity Center. Zamorano University of Tegucigalpa, P. O. Box 93, Honduras evandenberghe @ zamorano. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7566 - 0415</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E02F9D7B6AA60374F2DEBF5C491A0198">Elías, Diego J.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6515E87CFF8AFF79299DFB5731E1" box="[151,1270,1410,1437]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="nomenclature">
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<emphasis id="B951EA8CE87CFF8AFF79299DFF4A31E0" bold="true" box="[151,235,1410,1436]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Family</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1DE87CFF8AFF1C299DFD8031E1" ID-CoL="762" ID-ENA="94935" authority="Bonaparte 1835" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1835" box="[242,545,1410,1437]" family="Belonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE87CFF8AFF1C299DFEC931E0" bold="true" box="[242,360,1410,1436]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Belonidae</emphasis>
Bonaparte 1835
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(
<figureCitation id="131E2A1BE87CFF8AFDDF299CFDDE31E1" box="[561,639,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="45.[152,255,1711,1735]" captionTargetBox="[229,1357,194,1675]" captionTargetId="figure-19@45.[217,1369,181,1688]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 4. Families of continental fishes of Nicaragua, part 3; Achiridae (A), Carangidae (B), Cichlidae (C), Pomacentridae (D), Atherinopsidae (E), Rivulidae (F), Poeciliidae (G), Anablepidae (H), Belonidae (I), Hemiramphidae (J), Mugilidae (K), Gobiesocidae (L), Dactyloscopidae (M) and Lutjanidae (N). Illustrations adapted (with permission) from Nelson et al. (2016) and Angulo et al. (2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10208798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10208798/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
). Needlefishes, Houndfishes; Agujas, Agujones, Maraos
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B951EA8CE87CFF8AFF7929B9FE8A31BC" bold="true" box="[151,299,1446,1472]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Description:</emphasis>
Body slender; up to
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(even
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) in length, usually less than
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; both upper and lower jaws extend into long beaks with numerous needle-like teeth; mouth opening large; scales small (usually
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lateral line and easily detached); dorsal- and anal-fin origins usually behind mid-body; dorsal-fin rays usually 1126, up to 43; anal-fin rays 1239; no isolated finlets behind the dorsal and anal fins (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6FE87CFF8AFB902A0CFA393251" author="Robertson &amp; Allen" box="[1150,1432,1554,1581]" firstAuthor="Robertson" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refId="ref85732" refString="Robertson, D. R. &amp; Allen, G. R. (2015) Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific: online information system. Version 2.0. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama´. Available from: https: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / sftep / en / pages (acccesed 18 February 2023)" type="url" year="2015">Robertson &amp; Allen 2015</bibRefCitation>
,
<collectingRegion id="49E1F87CE87CFF8AFF792A28FF47322D" box="[151,230,1591,1617]" country="New Zealand" name="Nelson" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Nelson</collectingRegion>
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE87CFF8AFF1E2A28FE8B322D" box="[240,298,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">et al.</emphasis>
2016).
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE87CFF8AFE6A2A29FD81322C" bold="true" box="[388,544,1590,1616]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Distribution:</emphasis>
Marine and freshwater; Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans, tropical to warm temperate waters (
<collectingRegion id="49E1F87CE87CFF8AFE8A2A44FE143209" box="[356,437,1627,1653]" country="New Zealand" name="Nelson" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Nelson</collectingRegion>
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE87CFF8AFE522A44FE543209" box="[444,501,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">et al.</emphasis>
2016). Three genera and five species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.
</paragraph>
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