treatments-xml/data/03/85/87/038587D0FFD2EF23C3E0FDA3543EDDB5.xml

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<mods:title id="5CF2653803BBBAAC69BE982B8B3EF62C">A new species, Synura morusimila sp. nov. (Chrysophyta), from Great Xing’an Mountains, China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FB36CD4953EA674FE9DBB8D4E66BACB7">Pang, Wanting</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3403B84AADD225105168ACE371C4633A">Wang, Quanxi</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="D0DB81AAFFD2EF25C3E0FDA35600DA0B" box="[151,877,534,560]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D45FFD2EF25C3E0FDA3571BDA0B" authority="W. Pang &amp; Q. Wang" authorityName="W. Pang &amp; Q. Wang" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,630,534,560]" class="Chrysophyceae" family="Synuraceae" genus="Synura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Synurales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="morusimila" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD2EF25C3E0FDA35411DA0B" bold="true" box="[151,380,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Synura morusimila</emphasis>
W. Pang &amp; Q. Wang
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, 
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(
<figureCitation id="13172A43FFD2EF25C19EFDA35608DA0B" box="[745,869,534,560]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 2–10" captionStart-1="FIGURES 11–18" captionStartId-0="3.[151,262,1980,2001]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,257,1245,1266]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,694,1959]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,153,1215]" captionTargetId-0="figure-238@3.[151,1436,694,1959]" captionTargetId-1="figure-167@4.[151,1436,153,1215]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURES 2–10: Synura morusimila. SEM and LM images of colony, cell and stomatocyst. Figs. 2, 3, 4: colony. Figs. 5, 6: stomatocysts with scales on the surface. Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10: stomatocysts." captionText-1="FIGURES 11–18. Synura morusimila. SEM and TEM images of two types of scales. Figs. 11, 12: two types of scales. Figs. 13, 14, 15, 16: body scales. Fig. 17: spine of the body scale. Fig. 18: caudal scale." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071914" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071916" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5071914/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5071916/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Figs. 2–16</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336C6FFD2EF25C3E0FDD1563BDAC0" blockId="2.[151,1436,612,763]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
Colony rectangular, large; cell ovate, 
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of scales: caudal scale ovate to obovate, 1.6–2.9 × 3.0– 
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, spineless, small pores on the base plate, upturned edge supported by radial ribs; body scale, oval, ovate or obovate, 2.1–2.6 × 
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, spine-bearing, with teeth on the top, ridges or an irregular reticulum radiating from the base of the spine to the plate, small pores on the center to the back of the base plate. Stomatocyst of smooth surface, ovate, 14.0–15.7 × 
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, with a low conical collar and a regular pore.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD2EF25C3E0FC96559FDB00" bold="true" box="[151,242,803,827]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Type:––</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B443C9BFFD2EF25C385FC9150E9DB60" collectingDate="2006-07-23" collectorName="Quanxi Wang &amp; Wanting Pang" country="China" location="Inner Mongolia" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nei Mongol" typeStatus="holotype">
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. 
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: Genhe, Yuelian, 
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<collectingDate id="EFD6E9EEFFD2EF25C1CFFC91562EDB00" box="[696,835,804,827]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" value="2006-07-23">23 July 2006</collectingDate>
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, coll. 
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<collectorName id="26D95310FFD2EF25C0F4FC915179DB00" box="[899,1044,804,827]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Quanxi Wang</collectorName>
&amp; 
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, 063376 (
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: SEM stub 063376 and permanent light microscopic slide 063376, 
<collectingRegion id="49E8F824FFD2EF25C0FEFCF15681DB60" box="[905,1004,836,859]" country="China" name="Shanghai" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Shanghai</collectingRegion>
Normal University, 
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, China)
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336C6FFD2EF25C3E0FC3F5023DC5D" blockId="2.[151,1436,906,1976]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
Colonies (
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) rectangular, 63.6–68.2 × 
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m. Cells ovate (
<figureCitation id="13172A43FFD2EF25C719FC3F5187DB9F" box="[1134,1258,906,932]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–10" captionStartId="3.[151,262,1980,2001]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,694,1959]" captionTargetId="figure-238@3.[151,1436,694,1959]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–10: Synura morusimila. SEM and LM images of colony, cell and stomatocyst. Figs. 2, 3, 4: colony. Figs. 5, 6: stomatocysts with scales on the surface. Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10: stomatocysts." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071914/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Figs. 5–6</figureCitation>
), 16.5–17.7 × 
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with pale chloroplasts. The stomatocyst (
<figureCitation id="13172A43FFD2EF25C053FC0456CBDBF0" box="[804,934,945,971]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–10" captionStartId="3.[151,262,1980,2001]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,694,1959]" captionTargetId="figure-238@3.[151,1436,694,1959]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–10: Synura morusimila. SEM and LM images of colony, cell and stomatocyst. Figs. 2, 3, 4: colony. Figs. 5, 6: stomatocysts with scales on the surface. Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10: stomatocysts." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071914/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Figs. 7–10</figureCitation>
), Stomatocyst 55, Pang, 
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&amp; 
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. Wang, is large and ovate, 14.0–15.7 × 
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, smooth. It is relatively flat or depressed at anterior extremity and round at posterior extremity. There is a low conical collar (basal diameter 
<quantity id="4CD49B23FFD2EF25C083FC4B5113DC23" box="[1012,1150,1022,1048]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="1.85" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.2 µm</quantity>
; apical diameter 
<quantity id="4CD49B23FFD2EF25C633FC4B55AFDC04" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2999999999999998" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="1.2999999999999998" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.4 µm</quantity>
; height 
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) surrounding the regular pore (diameter 
<quantity id="4CD49B23FFD2EF25C0E9FB905144DC04" box="[926,1065,1061,1087]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.1 µm</quantity>
). From broken specimens it can be observed that the body is 
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thick, but it is thinner near the collar (thickness ca. 
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).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336C6FFD2EF25C3B1FBC751BEDD75" blockId="2.[151,1436,906,1976]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
The scales consist of two distinct 
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(
<figureCitation id="13172A43FFD2EF25C1D8FBC7562DDCB7" box="[687,832,1138,1164]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–18" captionStartId="4.[151,257,1245,1266]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,153,1215]" captionTargetId="figure-167@4.[151,1436,153,1215]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11–18. Synura morusimila. SEM and TEM images of two types of scales. Figs. 11, 12: two types of scales. Figs. 13, 14, 15, 16: body scales. Fig. 17: spine of the body scale. Fig. 18: caudal scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071916/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Figs. 11–12</figureCitation>
). The body scales (
<figureCitation id="13172A43FFD2EF25C75EFBC751D5DCB7" box="[1065,1208,1138,1164]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–18" captionStartId="4.[151,257,1245,1266]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,153,1215]" captionTargetId="figure-167@4.[151,1436,153,1215]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11–18. Synura morusimila. SEM and TEM images of two types of scales. Figs. 11, 12: two types of scales. Figs. 13, 14, 15, 16: body scales. Fig. 17: spine of the body scale. Fig. 18: caudal scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071916/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Figs. 13–17</figureCitation>
) are oval, ovate or obovate, 2.1–2.6 × 
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. The spine is cylindrical, 
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long, terminating in 10–14 teeth. The base of the spine is covered with ridges or irregular reticulum, radiated to the plate. The upturned edge is broad, inside it is supported by struts. The base plate in the center to back of the scale is provided with small pores. The spineless caudal scales (
<figureCitation id="13172A43FFD2EF25C142FAB857E7DD1C" box="[565,650,1293,1319]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–18" captionStartId="4.[151,257,1245,1266]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,153,1215]" captionTargetId="figure-167@4.[151,1436,153,1215]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11–18. Synura morusimila. SEM and TEM images of two types of scales. Figs. 11, 12: two types of scales. Figs. 13, 14, 15, 16: body scales. Fig. 17: spine of the body scale. Fig. 18: caudal scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071916/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
) are ovate to obovate, 1.6–2.9 × 3.0– 
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. The upturned edge is supported by radial ribs. The base plate in the back of the scale is provided with small pores.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336C6FFD2EF25C3B1FAEE55B1DDD3" blockId="2.[151,1436,906,1976]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD2EF25C3B1FAEE5766DD4F" box="[198,523,1371,1396]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D45FFD2EF25C3B1FAEE54CADD4F" authority="Pang &amp; Wang, 2013" authorityName="W. Pang &amp; Q. Wang" authorityYear="2013" box="[198,423,1371,1396]" class="Chrysophyceae" family="Synuraceae" genus="Synura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Synurales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="morusimila" status="sp. nov.">Synura morusimila</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26B57AFFFD2EF25C2C6FAEE5766DD4F" box="[433,523,1371,1396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is most closely related to species in the section 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D45FFD2EF25C73BFAEE5447DDA0" authority="(Balonov &amp; Kuzmin 1974: 1677)" baseAuthorityName="Balonov &amp; Kuzmin 1974:" baseAuthorityPageNumber="1677" baseAuthorityYear="1677" class="Chrysophyceae" family="Synuraceae" genus="Synura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Synurales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD2EF25C73BFAEE51F2DD4F" box="[1100,1183,1371,1396]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Synura</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B37FFD2EF25C7C7FAEF544CDDA0" author="Balonov, I. M. &amp; Kuzmin G. V." pageId="2" pageNumber="57" pagination="1675 - 1686" refId="ref2509" refString="Balonov, I. M. &amp; Kuzmin G. V. (1974) Vidy roda Synura Ehrenberg (Chrysophyta) v vodokhranilishchakh Volzhskogo Kaskada. Botanicheskii Zhurnal 59: 1675 - 1686." type="journal article" year="1974">Balonov &amp; Kuzmin 1974: 1677</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
based on distal spines of the body scales and spineless caudal scales. It is distinguished from other 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D45FFD2EF25C3AAFA1D545FDDFA" baseAuthorityName="Balonov &amp; Kuzmin 1974:" baseAuthorityYear="1677" box="[221,306,1448,1473]" class="Chrysophyceae" family="Synuraceae" genus="Synura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Synurales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD2EF25C3AAFA1D545FDDFA" box="[221,306,1448,1473]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Synura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taxa by the cylindrical spine on the body scale and the irregular reticulum on the base of the spine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336C6FFD2EF25C3B1FA4056F4DE67" blockId="2.[151,1436,906,1976]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
The colony and cell descriptions of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D45FFD2EF25C1F5FA405645DE35" authorityName="W. Pang &amp; Q. Wang" authorityYear="2013" box="[642,808,1525,1550]" class="Chrysophyceae" family="Synuraceae" genus="Synura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Synurales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="morusimila">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD2EF25C1F5FA405645DE35" box="[642,808,1525,1550]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">S. morusimila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are based on the 
<collectionCode id="ED3DAE03FFD2EF25C77EFA405158DE34" box="[1033,1077,1525,1551]" country="Mozambique" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13988" name="Secçáo de Botânica e Ecologia" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" type="Herbarium">LM</collectionCode>
observation of the cells with stomatocysts forming in them. However, the colony shape of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D45FFD2EF25C0F5F9A95147DE0E" authorityName="W. Pang &amp; Q. Wang" authorityYear="2013" box="[898,1066,1564,1589]" class="Chrysophyceae" family="Synuraceae" genus="Synura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Synurales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="morusimila">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD2EF25C0F5F9A95147DE0E" box="[898,1066,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">S. morusimila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might be similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D45FFD2EF25C656F9A95484DE67" authority="(Kristiansen &amp; Preisig 2007)" baseAuthorityName="Kristiansen &amp; Preisig" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Chrysophyceae" family="Synuraceae" genus="Synura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Synurales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="spinosa">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD2EF25C656F9A950F6DE0E" box="[1313,1435,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">S. spinosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B37FFD2EF25C3E9F9F7548DDE67" author="Kristiansen, J. &amp; Preisig, H. R." box="[158,480,1602,1628]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" refId="ref2979" refString="Kristiansen, J. &amp; Preisig, H. R. (2007) Chrysophyte and Haptophyte Algae 2: Teil / 2 nd Part: Synurophyceae. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, 252 pp." type="book" year="2007">Kristiansen &amp; Preisig 2007</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
where the colony is often elongated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336C6FFD2EF25C3B1F9DC57CFDF7F" blockId="2.[151,1436,906,1976]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
Our new species shares many morphological features of the scales with 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D45FFD2EF25C754F9DC558CDE91" authority="(Kristiansen &amp; Preisig 2007)" baseAuthorityName="Kristiansen &amp; Preisig" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Chrysophyceae" family="Synuraceae" genus="Synura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Synurales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="uvella">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD2EF25C754F9DC51E4DEB9" box="[1059,1161,1641,1666]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">S. uvella</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B37FFD2EF25C7EDF9DC55B5DE91" author="Kristiansen, J. &amp; Preisig, H. R." pageId="2" pageNumber="57" refId="ref2979" refString="Kristiansen, J. &amp; Preisig, H. R. (2007) Chrysophyte and Haptophyte Algae 2: Teil / 2 nd Part: Synurophyceae. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, 252 pp." type="book" year="2007">Kristiansen &amp; Preisig 2007</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In TEM, differences between the two species are evident, including the distal part of the scale, the shape of the spine and density of the pores in the centre of the scale. The scale of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D45FFD2EF25C724F90251DADEEB" baseAuthorityName="Kristiansen &amp; Preisig" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[1107,1207,1719,1744]" class="Chrysophyceae" family="Synuraceae" genus="Synura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Synurales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="uvella">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD2EF25C724F90251DADEEB" box="[1107,1207,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">S. uvella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a conical spine while the spine on the scale of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D45FFD2EF25C171F96857C4DECD" authorityName="W. Pang &amp; Q. Wang" authorityYear="2013" box="[518,681,1757,1782]" class="Chrysophyceae" family="Synuraceae" genus="Synura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Synurales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="morusimila">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD2EF25C171F96857C4DECD" box="[518,681,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">S. morusimila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is cylindrical. 
<collectionCode id="ED3DAE03FFD2EF25C02DF9685602DECC" box="[858,879,1757,1783]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
meshwork covers the distal part of the scale in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D45FFD2EF25C3E0F8B15590DF26" baseAuthorityName="Kristiansen &amp; Preisig" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[151,253,1796,1821]" class="Chrysophyceae" family="Synuraceae" genus="Synura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Synurales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="uvella">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD2EF25C3E0F8B15590DF26" box="[151,253,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">S. uvella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while there is an irregular reticulum seen in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D45FFD2EF25C053F8B156A7DF26" authorityName="W. Pang &amp; Q. Wang" authorityYear="2013" box="[804,970,1796,1821]" class="Chrysophyceae" family="Synuraceae" genus="Synura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Synurales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="morusimila">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD2EF25C053F8B156A7DF26" box="[804,970,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">S. morusimila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In the case of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D45FFD2EF25C7F3F8B15181DF26" baseAuthorityName="Kristiansen &amp; Preisig" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[1156,1260,1796,1821]" class="Chrysophyceae" family="Synuraceae" genus="Synura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Synurales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="uvella">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD2EF25C7F3F8B15181DF26" box="[1156,1260,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">S. uvella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, more densely arranged pores are on the center of the scale.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336C6FFD2EF25C3B1F8E45630DF83" blockId="2.[151,1436,906,1976]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
Compared to the fossil 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D45FFD2EF25C290F8E457F3DF50" box="[487,670,1873,1899]" class="Chrysophyceae" family="Synuraceae" genus="Synura" kingdom="Chromista" order="Synurales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD2EF25C290F8E45757DF51" box="[487,570,1873,1898]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Synura</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D45FFD2EF25C1DAF8E451FADF50" authority="Siver &amp; Wolfe (2005: 303)" authorityName="Siver &amp; Wolfe" authorityPageNumber="303" authorityYear="2005" box="[685,1175,1873,1899]" class="Chrysophyceae" family="Synuraceae" genus="Synura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Synurales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="recurvata">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD2EF25C1DAF8E45652DF51" box="[685,831,1873,1898]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">S. recurvata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B37FFD2EF25C03DF8E451FADF50" author="Siver, P. A. &amp; Wolfe, A. P." box="[842,1175,1873,1899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" pagination="295 - 308" refId="ref3327" refString="Siver, P. A. &amp; Wolfe, A. P. (2005) Scaled chrysophytes in Middle Eocene lake sediments from Northwestern Canada, including descriptions of six new species. Nova Hedwigia Beiheft 128: 295 - 308." type="journal article" year="2005">Siver &amp; Wolfe (2005: 303)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, the spine apex of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D45FFD2EF25C6F1F8E45470DFAA" authorityName="W. Pang &amp; Q. Wang" authorityYear="2013" class="Chrysophyceae" family="Synuraceae" genus="Synura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Synurales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="morusimila">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD2EF25C6F1F8E45470DFAA" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">S. morusimila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is round and ornamented randomly with teeth. The spine apex of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D45FFD2EF25C76EF8CD51CADFAA" authorityName="Siver &amp; Wolfe" authorityYear="2005" box="[1049,1191,1912,1937]" class="Chrysophyceae" family="Synuraceae" genus="Synura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Synurales" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="recurvata">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD2EF25C76EF8CD51CADFAA" box="[1049,1191,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">S. recurvata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is flat and lined with a ring of teeth which most often are bent slightly backwards.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336C6FFD3EF24C3B1FF2D5606D91D" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,603]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
The stomatocyst of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D45FFD3EF24C2CEFF2D5733D88A" authorityName="W. Pang &amp; Q. Wang" authorityYear="2013" box="[441,606,152,177]" class="Chrysophyceae" family="Synuraceae" genus="Synura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Synurales" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="morusimila">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD3EF24C2CEFF2D5733D88A" box="[441,606,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">S. morusimila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to Stomatocyst 302, Gilbert &amp; Smol (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B37FFD3EF24C7D8FF2D50F9D889" author="Gilbert, S. &amp; Zeeb, B. A. &amp; Smol, J. P." box="[1199,1428,152,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" pagination="311 - 352" refId="ref2702" refString="Gilbert, S., Zeeb, B. A. &amp; Smol, J. P. (1997) Chrysophyte stomatocyst flora from a forest peat core in the Lena River Region, northeastern Siberia. Nova Hedwigia 64: 311 - 352." type="journal article" year="1997">
Gilbert 
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD3EF24C678FF2D502BD88A" box="[1295,1350,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">et al</emphasis>
. 1997
</bibRefCitation>
) which is produced by 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D45FFD3EF24C2DDFF0A5673D8E3" authority="(Bourrelly 1957)" baseAuthorityName="Bourrelly" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[426,798,190,216]" class="Chrysophyceae" family="Synuraceae" genus="Synura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Synurales" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="splendida">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD3EF24C2DDFF0A572CD8E3" box="[426,577,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">S. splendida</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B37FFD3EF24C124FF0B5678D8E3" author="Bourrelly, P." box="[595,789,190,216]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 409" refId="ref2544" refString="Bourrelly, P. (1957) Recherches sur les Chrysophycees. Revue Algologique Memoire Hors-Serie 1: 1 - 409." type="journal article" year="1957">Bourrelly 1957</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, but in the latter the collar is larger, and its body is ornamented with five or six smooth, flat, elevated plateaux. It is also similar to the cyst of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D45FFD3EF24C7C1FF5055B6D91D" authority="(Bourrelly 1957)" baseAuthorityName="Bourrelly" baseAuthorityYear="1957" class="Chrysophyceae" family="Synuraceae" genus="Synura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Synurales" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="uvella">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD3EF24C7C1FF505077D8C5" box="[1206,1306,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">S. uvella</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B37FFD3EF24C65EFF5055BED91D" author="Bourrelly, P." pageId="3" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 409" refId="ref2544" refString="Bourrelly, P. (1957) Recherches sur les Chrysophycees. Revue Algologique Memoire Hors-Serie 1: 1 - 409." type="journal article" year="1957">Bourrelly 1957</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
which was described with a line drawing based on 
<collectionCode id="ED3DAE03FFD3EF24C040FEB9560AD91D" box="[823,871,268,294]" country="Mozambique" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13988" name="Secçáo de Botânica e Ecologia" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" type="Herbarium">LM</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336C6FFD3EF24C3B1FE87511BDA35" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,603]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D45FFD3EF24C3B1FE875411D977" box="[198,380,306,332]" class="Chrysophyceae" family="Synuraceae" genus="Synura" kingdom="Chromista" order="Synurales" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD3EF24C3B1FE875474D970" box="[198,281,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Synura</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
have diverse ecologies; some species are widespread, others are extremely rare and confined to special habitats (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B37FFD3EF24C29EFEEC57D5D948" author="Kristiansen, J." box="[489,696,345,371]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" pagination="2709 - 2715" refId="ref2835" refString="Kristiansen, J. (1975) On the occurrence of the species of Synura. Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung fur Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie 19: 2709 - 2715." type="journal article" year="1975">Kristiansen 1975</bibRefCitation>
). The colony and stomatocyst of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D45FFD3EF24C734FEEC518AD949" authorityName="W. Pang &amp; Q. Wang" authorityYear="2013" box="[1091,1255,345,370]" class="Chrysophyceae" family="Synuraceae" genus="Synura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Synurales" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="morusimila">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD3EF24C734FEEC518AD949" box="[1091,1255,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">S. morusimila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were abundant in the samples collected from bogs with 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D45FFD3EF24C100FE35579ED9A2" authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[631,755,384,409]" class="Sphagnopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD3EF24C100FE35579ED9A2" box="[631,755,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Sphagnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D45FFD3EF24C059FE355618D9A2" box="[814,885,384,409]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD3EF24C059FE355618D9A2" box="[814,885,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Carex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scales and stomatocysts were found from the Yuelian, Alongshan and Amuer localities, but colonies were only observed from Yuelian, where they were in deep forest showing little trace of human habitation. These observations might suggest that 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D45FFD3EF24C783FE7850F6D9DD" authorityName="W. Pang &amp; Q. Wang" authorityYear="2013" box="[1268,1435,461,486]" class="Chrysophyceae" family="Synuraceae" genus="Synura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Synurales" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="morusimila">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD3EF24C783FE7850F6D9DD" box="[1268,1435,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">S. morusimila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might prefer peat bogs with low temperature, low pH and scarce human disturbance.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C336654DFFD3EF24C3B1FDAF5179DA60" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9336C6FFD3EF24C3B1FDAF5179DA60" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,603]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD3EF24C3B1FDAF574ADA0F" bold="true" box="[198,551,538,564]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Distribution and ecology:––</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D45FFD3EF24C150FDAF5667DA08" authorityName="W. Pang &amp; Q. Wang" authorityYear="2013" box="[551,778,538,563]" class="Chrysophyceae" family="Synuraceae" genus="Synura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Synurales" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="morusimila">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD3EF24C150FDAF5667DA08" box="[551,778,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Synura morusimila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found in bogs in Yuelian, Alongshan and Amuer with pH lower than 7, water temperature 10–15 ºC (summarized in 
<tableCitation id="C6AE037DFFD3EF24C0DAFDF4516EDA60" box="[941,1027,577,603]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,230,155,176]" captionText="TABLE 1. Coordinates, collection date and habitat of each study site." pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF53664EFFD3EF24C3E0F8095652DFD5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071914" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5071914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071914/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" startId="3.[151,262,1980,2001]" targetBox="[151,1436,694,1959]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B9336C6FFD3EF24C3E0F8095652DFD5" blockId="3.[151,1436,1980,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD3EF24C3E0F8095425DFEA" bold="true" box="[151,328,1980,2001]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">FIGURES 2–10:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D45FFD3EF24C227F809577EDFEA" authorityName="W. Pang &amp; Q. Wang" authorityYear="2013" box="[336,531,1980,2001]" class="Chrysophyceae" family="Synuraceae" genus="Synura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Synurales" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="morusimila">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD3EF24C227F809577EDFEA" box="[336,531,1980,2001]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Synura morusimila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. SEM and LM images of colony, cell and stomatocyst. Figs. 2, 3, 4: colony. Figs. 5, 6: stomatocysts with scales on the surface. Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10: stomatocysts.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF53664EFFD4EF23C3E0FB685657DD23" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071916" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5071916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071916/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" startId="4.[151,257,1245,1266]" targetBox="[151,1436,153,1215]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8B9336C6FFD4EF23C3E0FB685657DD23" blockId="4.[150,1435,1245,1304]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD4EF23C3E0FB68542BDCC9" bold="true" box="[151,326,1245,1266]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">FIGURES 11–18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D45FFD4EF23C23BFB68576EDCC9" authorityName="W. Pang &amp; Q. Wang" authorityYear="2013" box="[332,515,1245,1266]" class="Chrysophyceae" family="Synuraceae" genus="Synura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Synurales" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="morusimila">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD4EF23C23BFB68576EDCC9" box="[332,515,1245,1266]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Synura morusimila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. SEM and TEM images of two types of scales. Figs. 11, 12: two types of scales. Figs. 13, 14, 15, 16: body scales. Fig. 17: spine of the body scale. Fig. 18: caudal scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C336654DFFD4EF23C3B1FAF8543EDDB5" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9336C6FFD4EF23C3B1FAF8543EDDB5" blockId="4.[151,1436,1357,1422]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B958EAD4FFD4EF23C3B1FAF85419DD5C" bold="true" box="[198,372,1357,1383]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Etymology:—</emphasis>
The species name is derived from the shape of the colony with stomatocysts as in the fruit of the mulberry.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>