616 lines
79 KiB
XML
616 lines
79 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="4E9C0B4BAD535E0C431E7970E80611CC">The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E8A89133D874495E4C1942D131915F99">Madeira, Patrícia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AF694D5F1A81919C15E30EF83EA25A3A">Kroh, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E27B18EEF3F980D89CA8E9BE51495F17">De, António M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D778AAFA793257B9B5E2AA83EBC02943">Ávila, Sérgio P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7273FBAA2AEE1C5E816CAB50E3B87644">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="4148D2120411FF90FF33FD31748B1208" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5583214" ID-GBIF-Taxon="211663202" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5583214" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4148D2120411FF90FF33FD31748B1208" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4148D2120411FF90FF33FD31748B1208" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<subSubSection id="81FB308F0411FF92FF33FD31747D1320" box="[151,623,764,791]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C95E63040411FF92FF33FD31747D1320" blockId="65.[151,623,764,827]" box="[151,623,764,791]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<heading id="9216D4680411FF92FF33FD31747D1320" bold="true" box="[151,623,764,791]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="0EE118870411FF92FF33FD31747D1320" ID-CoL="3Y9YD" ID-ENA="7609" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,623,764,791]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Marthasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="glacialis">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FF33FD31747D1320" bold="true" box="[151,623,764,791]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FF33FD3177B21320" bold="true" box="[151,416,764,791]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Marthasterias glacialis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FE15FD3174741320" author="Linnaeus" box="[433,614,764,791]" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref187346" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. 1. 10 th Edition. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="81FB308F0411FF92FF33FCEC74EB13AB" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C95E63040411FF92FF33FCEC76EB130C" blockId="65.[151,623,764,827]" box="[151,249,801,827]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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(
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<figureCitation id="51DA7F810411FF92FF04FCEC76E2130C" box="[160,240,801,827]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="66.[151,250,1349,1374]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,740,1330]" captionTargetId="figure@66.[151,1436,740,1330]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 13. Marthasterias glacialis (Linnaeus, 1758) (DBUA-ECH 103). Dorsal view (A); ventral view (B); detail of the arm, ventral view (C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3342187/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C95E63040411FF92FF33FCA87781134A" blockId="65.[151,1437,868,1323]" box="[151,403,868,893]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<heading id="9216D4680411FF92FF33FCA87781134A" bold="true" box="[151,403,868,893]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FF33FCA87781134A" bold="true" box="[151,403,868,893]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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Reports for the
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<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE60411FF92FEE4FCA9779C134A" box="[320,398,868,893]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Azores</collectingRegion>
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:
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C95E63040411FF92FF33FC4974EB13AB" blockId="65.[151,1437,868,1323]" box="[151,761,898,924]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<taxonomicName id="0EE118870411FF92FF33FC49779D13AB" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,399,900,924]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asteracanthion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="glacialis">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FF33FC49779D13AB" box="[151,399,900,924]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Asteracanthion glacialis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
—
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||
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0411FF92FE0DFC4F77A213A7" attach="right" box="[425,432,898,912]" fontSize="6" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">$</superScript>
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FE14FC4E74E713AB" author="Troschel, F. H." box="[432,757,899,924]" firstAuthor="M ʾ ller" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref193638" refString="M ʾ ller, J. & Troschel, F. H. (1842) System der Asteriden. Vieweg und Sohn, Braunschweig, xxx + 134 pp." type="book" year="1842">M̹ller & Troschel 1842: 14–15</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="81FB308F0411FF92FF33FC6E7211151C" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C95E63040411FF92FF33FC6E752B138C" blockId="65.[151,1437,868,1323]" box="[151,825,930,955]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870411FF92FF33FC6E77F5138C" ID-CoL="67V46" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,487,930,955]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="glacialis">
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<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FF33FC6E775A138D" box="[151,328,930,954]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Asterias glacialis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FEEAFC6F77F5138C" author="Lamarck" box="[334,487,930,955]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref186715" refString="Lamarck, J. - B. (1816) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres. Tome Second. Verdiere, Paris, 568 pp." type="book" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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—Drouët: 211;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FD23FC6F7526138C" author="Barrois" box="[647,820,930,955]" firstAuthor="Barrois" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="31 - 33" refId="ref173365" refString="Barrois, T. (1888) Liste des Echinodermes recueillis aux Acores durant les mois d'Ao r t et September 1887. Revue Biologique du Nord de la France, 1, 31 - 33 + 69 - 75 + 109 - 115." type="journal article" year="1888">Barrois 1888: 31</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C95E63040411FF92FF33FC0F753F13EE" blockId="65.[151,1437,868,1323]" box="[151,813,959,985]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<taxonomicName id="0EE118870411FF92FF33FC0F775A13EE" ID-CoL="67V46" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,328,961,985]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="glacialis">
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||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FF33FC0F775A13EE" box="[151,328,961,985]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Asterias glacialis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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M̹ller, 1776—
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<superScript id="3E94CE4C0411FF92FE4FFC7277E013FA" attach="right" box="[491,498,959,973]" fontSize="6" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">$</superScript>
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FE56FC0D748D13EE" author="Barrois" box="[498,671,960,985]" firstAuthor="Barrois" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="31 - 33" refId="ref173365" refString="Barrois, T. (1888) Liste des Echinodermes recueillis aux Acores durant les mois d'Ao r t et September 1887. Revue Biologique du Nord de la France, 1, 31 - 33 + 69 - 75 + 109 - 115." type="journal article" year="1888">Barrois 1888: 32</bibRefCitation>
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, 69, 113, 114;
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C95E63040411FF92FF33FC2D76F51420" blockId="65.[151,1437,868,1323]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<taxonomicName id="0EE118870411FF92FF33FC2D77FA13CF" ID-CoL="67V46" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,488,991,1016]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="glacialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FF33FC2D775513CF" box="[151,327,992,1016]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Asterias glacialis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FEEAFC1277FA13CF" author="Linnaeus" box="[334,488,991,1016]" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref187346" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. 1. 10 th Edition. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
|
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<superScript id="3E94CE4C0411FF92FDA7FC13741813DB" attach="right" box="[515,522,990,1004]" fontSize="6" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">$</superScript>
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FDAEFC1274D813CF" author="Simroth" box="[522,714,991,1016]" firstAuthor="Simroth" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="179 - 234" refId="ref200446" refString="Simroth, H. (1888) Zur kenntnis der Azorenfauna. Archiv f ̡ r Naturgeschichte, Berlin, 54 (1), 179 - 234." type="journal article" year="1888">Simroth 1888: 231</bibRefCitation>
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||
, 232;
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||
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0411FF92FCACFC13751D13DB" attach="right" box="[776,783,990,1004]" fontSize="6" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">$</superScript>
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FCABFC1275DD13CF" author="Koehler" box="[783,975,991,1016]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 317" refId="ref185837" refString="Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317." type="journal article" year="1909">Koehler 1909: 116</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FC7DFC1272B413CF" author="Koehler" box="[985,1190,991,1016]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="127 - 303" refId="ref185931" refString="Koehler, R. (1914 b) Echinoderma I: Asteroidea, ophiuroidea et Echnoidea. In: Michaelsen, W. (Ed.), Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Meeresfauna Westafrikas. 1 (2). L. Friederichsen & Co., Hamburg, pp. 127 - 303." type="book chapter" year="1914" yearSuffix="b">Koehler 1914b: 269</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<superScript id="3E94CE4C0411FF92FB14FC1372A513DB" attach="right" box="[1200,1207,990,1004]" fontSize="6" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">$</superScript>
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FB13FC12734A13CF" author="Nobre" box="[1207,1368,991,1016]" firstAuthor="Nobre" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="41 - 90" refId="ref194060" refString="Nobre, A. (1924) Contribuicies para a Fauna dos Acores. Anais do Instituto de Zoologia da Universidade do Porto, 1, 41 - 90." type="journal article" year="1924">Nobre 1924: 88</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FAC6FC2D76F11420" author="Nobre" firstAuthor="Nobre" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref194090" refString="Nobre, A. (1930) Materiais para o estudo da fauna dos Acores. Instituto de Zoologia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, 108 pp." type="book" year="1930">1930: 68</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="C95E63040411FF92FF33FBD074D41402" blockId="65.[151,1437,868,1323]" box="[151,710,1051,1077]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<taxonomicName id="0EE118870411FF92FF33FBD077FE1402" ID-CoL="99b621bd-7e4f-404c-a311-ed09f6f7515c" authority="Linck, 1733" authorityName="Linck" authorityYear="1733" box="[151,492,1052,1077]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Stolasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="glacialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FF33FBD0777E1402" box="[151,364,1053,1077]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Stolasterias glacialis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FED7FBD177FE1402" author="Linck" box="[371,492,1052,1077]" firstAuthor="Linck" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref187323" refString="Linck J. H. (1733) De stellis marinis liber singularis. Apud Iacobum Schusterium, Lipsiae, 107 pp." type="book" year="1733">Linck, 1733</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0411FF92FDA3FBD6741C141E" attach="right" box="[519,526,1051,1065]" fontSize="6" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">$</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FDAAFBD174D01402" author="Perrier" box="[526,706,1052,1077]" firstAuthor="Perrier" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref197270" refString="Perrier, M. E. (1894) Stellerides. Expeditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman. Masson, Paris, 431 pp." type="book" year="1894">Perrier 1894: 109</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040411FF92FF33FBF175191463" blockId="65.[151,1437,868,1323]" box="[151,779,1082,1108]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870411FF92FF33FBF174201463" authority="Stimpson, 1862" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1862" box="[151,562,1083,1108]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Stolasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="madeirensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FF33FBF1779C1463" box="[151,398,1084,1108]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Stolasterias madeirensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FE31FBF674201463" author="Stimpson" box="[405,562,1083,1108]" firstAuthor="Stimpson" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="261 - 273" refId="ref201009" refString="Stimpson, W. (1862). On new genera and species of starfishes of the family Pycnopodidae (Asteracanthion Mueller & Troschel). Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 8, 261 - 273." type="journal article" year="1862">Stimpson, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0411FF92FDE9FBF77446147F" attach="right" box="[589,596,1082,1096]" fontSize="6" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">$</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FDF1FBF675151463" author="Perrier" box="[597,775,1083,1108]" firstAuthor="Perrier" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 571" refId="ref197296" refString="Perrier, M. E. (1896 a) Contribution a l'etude des stellerides de l'Atlantique Nord (Golfe de Gascogne, Acores, Terre-Neuve). Resultats Des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies Par Le Prince Albert I, Monaco, 11, 1 - 571." type="journal article" year="1896" yearSuffix="a">Perrier 1896a: 37</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040411FF92FF33FB97723D14DA" blockId="65.[151,1437,868,1323]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870411FF92FF33FB97742E1444" ID-CoL="3Y9YD" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,572,1114,1139]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Marthasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="glacialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FF33FB9777941445" box="[151,390,1114,1138]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Marthasterias glacialis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FE32FB9774271444" author="Linnaeus" box="[406,565,1114,1139]" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref187346" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. 1. 10 th Edition. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0411FF92FDF3FB95744C1451" attach="right" box="[599,606,1112,1126]" fontSize="6" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">$</superScript>
|
||
H.L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FD31FB9775531444" author="Clark, A. H." box="[661,833,1114,1139]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="8 - 12" part="13" refId="ref176311" refString="Clark, A. H. (1923) A revision of the recent representatives of the crinoid family Pentacrinidae, with the diagnoses of two new genera. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 13, 8 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 5290" title="A revision of the recent representatives of the crinoid family Pentacrinidae, with the diagnoses of two new genera" type="journal article" year="1923">Clark 1923: 305</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FCE9FB9672791444" author="Mortensen" box="[845,1131,1115,1139]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref192564" refString="Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841" type="book" year="1927" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen 1927a: 143–144</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 82;
|
||
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0411FF92FB6EFB9572C31451" attach="right" box="[1226,1233,1112,1126]" fontSize="6" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">$</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FB76FB97738A1444" author="Cadenat" box="[1234,1432,1114,1139]" firstAuthor="Cadenat" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="349 - 375" refId="ref175179" refString="Cadenat, J. (1938) Liste des echinodermes recueillis pendant la cinquieme croisiere du navire de recherches President-Theodore- Tissier. Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Peches Maritimes, 11, 349 - 375." type="journal article" year="1938">Cadenat 1938: 349</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FF63FBB5778314A6" author="Nobre" box="[199,401,1144,1169]" firstAuthor="Nobre" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref194119" refString="Nobre, A. (1938) Equinodermes de Portugal. 3 rd Edition. Companhia Editora do Minho, Barcelos, 215 pp." type="book" year="1938">Nobre 1938: 34–36</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs. 8, 9;
|
||
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0411FF92FDA1FBBA741E14B2" attach="right" box="[517,524,1143,1157]" fontSize="6" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">$</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FDA8FBB574CC14A6" author="Chapman" box="[524,734,1144,1169]" firstAuthor="Chapman" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="398 - 400" refId="ref175601" refString="Chapman, G. (1955) Aspects of the Fauna and Flora of the Azores, IV: Echinodermata. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 8 (89), 398 - 400. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935508655657" type="journal article" year="1955">Chapman 1955: 400</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0411FF92FD4EFBBA74E314B2" attach="right" box="[746,753,1143,1157]" fontSize="6" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">$</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FD55FBB775EA14A6" author="Tortonese" box="[753,1016,1144,1169]" firstAuthor="Tortonese" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref202694" refString="Tortonese, E. (1965) Fauna D'Italia-Echinodermata. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 422 pp." type="book" year="1965">Tortonese 1965: 188–192</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs. 89, 91;
|
||
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0411FF92FB22FBBA729F14B2" attach="right" box="[1158,1165,1143,1157]" fontSize="6" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">$</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FB29FBB7732F14A6" author="Marques" box="[1165,1341,1145,1169]" firstAuthor="Marques" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref189697" refString="Marques, V. M. (1983) Peuplements benthiques de Acores, 1 - echinoderms. Arquivo do Museu Bocage, AII (I), 1 - 7." type="book chapter" year="1983">Marques 1983: 2</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FAEDFBB577D31487" author="Clark & Downey" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref176986" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Natural History Museum Publications. Chapman & Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey 1992: 443–445</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 67d, pl. 101, fig. C;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FD6EFB5575C51487" author="Moyse & Tyler" box="[714,983,1175,1200]" firstAuthor="Moyse" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="662 - 686" refId="ref193382" refString="Moyse, J. & Tyler, P. A. (1995) Sea urchins, starfish and sea cucumbers (Phylum Echinodermata). In: Hayward, P. J. & Ryland, J. S. (Eds.), Handbook of the marine fauna of North-West Europe. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 662 - 686." type="book chapter" year="1995">Moyse & Tyler 1995: 671</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 12.4;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FBECFB5A73101487" author="Pereira" box="[1096,1282,1175,1200]" firstAuthor="Pereira" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="331 - 337" refId="ref195814" refString="Pereira, M. (1997) Checklist of the littoral echinoderms of the Azores. Acoreana, 8 (3), 331 - 337." type="journal article" year="1997">Pereira 1997: 335</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0411FF92FAA9FB5B73061493" attach="right" box="[1293,1300,1174,1188]" fontSize="6" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">$</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FAB1FB55773614F8" author="Morton" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Morton" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref193344" refString="Morton, B., Britton, J. C. & Martins, A. F. M. (1998) Ecologia costeira dos Acores. Sociedade Afonso Chaves, Ponta Delgada, 249 pp." type="book" year="1998">
|
||
Morton
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FACCFB5473841487" box="[1384,1430,1176,1200]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1998: 62
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs. 3.4Y, 3.7P, 8.1K;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FDB2FB7B752F14F8" author="Perez-Ruzafa" box="[534,829,1206,1231]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Perez-Ruzafa" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="43 - 62" refId="ref196107" refString="Perez-Ruzafa, A., Entrambasaguas, L. & Bacallado, J. J. (1999) Fauna de equinodermos (Echinodermata) de los fondos rocosos infralitorales del archipielago de Cabo Verde. Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias, 11 (3 - 4), 43 - 62." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Pérez-Ruzafa
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FD02FB7A74C114F9" box="[678,723,1206,1230]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1999: 49
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FCE3FB7A75F614F8" author="Perez-Ruzafa" box="[839,996,1207,1231]" firstAuthor="Perez-Ruzafa" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="277 - 296" refId="ref196162" refString="Perez-Ruzafa, A., Entrambasaguas, L., Espejo, C., Marcos, C. & Bacallado, J. J. (2002) Fauna de equinodermos (Echinodermata) de los fondos rocosos infralitorales del archipielago de Salvajes (Oceano Atlantico). Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias, 14 (3 - 4), 277 - 296." type="journal article" year="2002">2002: 281–282</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FC4BFB7B731B14F8" author="Garcia-Diez" box="[1007,1289,1206,1231]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Garcia-Diez" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="35 - 59" refId="ref181624" refString="Garcia-Diez, C., Porteiro, F. M., Meirinho, A., Cardigos, F. & Tempera, F. (2005) Taxonomic review of selected invertebrate groups collected during the Campaigns of the Prince Albert I of Monaco in the Azorean waters. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, 22 A, 35 - 59." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
García-Diez
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FBD6FB7A72B414F9" box="[1138,1190,1206,1230]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005: 48
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0411FF92FAB0FB79730914F5" attach="right" box="[1300,1307,1204,1218]" fontSize="6" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">$</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FAB8FB7B770714DA" author="Micael" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Micael" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="307 - 316" refId="ref190514" refString="Micael, J., Azevedo, J. M. N. & Costa, A. C. (2006) Biological characterisation of a subtidal tunnel in S. Miguel island (Azores). Marine, Freshwater, and Wetlands Biodiversity Conservation, 4, 307 - 316. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4020 - 5734 - 2 _ 20" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Micael
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FACDFB7A738414F9" box="[1385,1430,1206,1230]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006: 5
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FE85FB18779814DA" author="Micael, J. & Alves, M. J. & Jones, M. B. & Costa, A. C." box="[289,394,1237,1261]" journalOrPublisher="Vie et Milieu-Life and Environment" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="327 - 333" part="60" refId="ref190770" refString="Micael, J., Alves, M. J., Jones, M. B. & Costa, A. C. (2010) Quantitative sampling of sub-tidal echinoderms. Vie et Milieu-Life and Environment, 60 (4), 327 - 333." title="Quantitative sampling of sub-tidal echinoderms" type="journal article" year="2010">2010: 329</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FE30FB1974B614DA" author="Micael & Costa" box="[404,676,1236,1261]" firstAuthor="Micael" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="321 - 323" refId="ref190649" refString="Micael, J. & Costa A. C. (2010) Echinodermata. In: Borges, P. A. V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Goncalves, V., Martins, A. F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R. S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. & Vieira, V. (Eds.), A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Principia, Oeiras, pp. 321 - 323." type="book chapter" year="2010">
|
||
Micael &
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE60411FF92FE5FFB18742714DA" box="[507,565,1237,1261]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Costa</collectingRegion>
|
||
2010: 321
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FD0AFB19723914DA" author="Perez-Portela" box="[686,1067,1236,1261]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Perez-Portela" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="2015 - 2028" refId="ref195921" refString="Perez-Portela, R., Villamor, A. & Almada, V. (2010) Phylogeography of the sea star Marthasterias glacialis (Asteroidea, Echinodermata): deep genetic divergence between mitochondrial lineages in the north-western mediterranean. Marine Biology, 157 (9), 2015 - 2028. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 010 - 1470 - 0" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Pérez-Portela
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FC99FB1B757814DA" box="[829,874,1237,1261]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010:
|
||
<date id="BD5F45C40411FF92FC12FB19723914DA" box="[950,1067,1236,1261]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="2015" valueMax="2028">2015–2028</date>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040411FF92FF33FB3975AC153B" blockId="65.[151,1437,868,1323]" box="[151,958,1266,1292]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870411FF92FF33FB397493153B" ID-CoL="7MVLT" authority="(Perrier, 1875)" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[151,641,1267,1292]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Marthasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="glacialis" subSpecies="rarispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FF33FB3977FB153B" box="[151,489,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Marthasterias glacialis rarispina</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FE52FB3E7468153B" author="Perrier" box="[502,634,1267,1292]" firstAuthor="Perrier" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref196823" refString="Perrier, M. E. (1875) Revision de la collection de stellerides du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. Reinwald, Paris, 384 pp." type="book" year="1875">Perrier, 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0411FF92FD39FB3F74B61537" attach="right" box="[669,676,1266,1280]" fontSize="6" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">$</superScript>
|
||
A.M.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FD44FB3E75A8153B" author="Clark" box="[736,954,1267,1292]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="193 - 221" refId="ref176486" refString="Clark, A. M. (1951) Some echinoderms from South Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 33 (2), 193 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359195109519884" type="journal article" year="1951">Clark 1951: 211–212</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040411FF92FF33FADF7211151C" blockId="65.[151,1437,868,1323]" box="[151,1027,1296,1323]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870411FF92FF33FADF7796151D" ID-CoL="3Y9YD" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,388,1298,1322]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Marthasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="glacialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FF33FADF7796151D" box="[151,388,1298,1322]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Marthasterias glacialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(M̹ller, 1776)—
|
||
<superScript id="3E94CE4C0411FF92FD9CFADD742D1529" attach="right" box="[568,575,1296,1310]" fontSize="6" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">$</superScript>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FDE4FADF74FF151C" author="Fisher" box="[576,749,1298,1323]" firstAuthor="Fisher" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 245" refId="ref180810" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1928) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. Part 2: Forcipulata (part). Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 76, 1 - 245. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.76.2" type="journal article" year="1928">Fisher 1928: 130</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 42, fig. 4, pl. 43, fig. 6.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="81FB308F0411FF92FF33FA9575A416EB" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040411FF92FF33FA9575F11543" blockId="65.[151,1437,1368,2043]" box="[151,995,1368,1396]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FF33FA9576DB1544" bold="true" box="[151,201,1368,1395]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">See:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FF74FA9477BB1544" author="Mortensen" box="[208,425,1369,1395]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref192564" refString="Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841" type="book" year="1927" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen (1927a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; A.M.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FE53FA94751E1544" author="Clark & Downey" box="[503,780,1369,1395]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref176986" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Natural History Museum Publications. Chapman & Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FCBCFA9475CD1543" author="Picton" box="[792,991,1369,1396]" firstAuthor="Picton" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref197776" refString="Picton, B. (1993) A field guide to the shallow-water echinoderms of the British Isles. IMMEL Publishing Lda, London, 96 pp." type="book" year="1993">Picton (1993: 36)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040411FF92FF63FAB1727A1634" blockId="65.[151,1437,1368,2043]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FF63FAB1774E15A0" bold="true" box="[199,348,1404,1431]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Occurrence:</emphasis>
|
||
Mediterranean Sea and East Atlantic; from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1F623940411FF92FCFFFAB075BF15A0" box="[859,941,1405,1431]" name="Iceland" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Iceland</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Finmark (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FBFCFAB0733315A0" author="Mortensen" box="[1112,1313,1405,1431]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref192564" refString="Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841" type="book" year="1927" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen 1927a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) along the European and West African coasts (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FD94FA6C7577158C" author="Nataf & Cherbonnier" box="[560,869,1440,1467]" firstAuthor="Nataf" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="813 - 834" refId="ref193854" refString="Nataf, G. & Cherbonnier, G. (1975) Troisieme contribution a la connaissance des Asterides de la cote occidentale d'Afrique. Bulletin du Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 3 ª serie, Zoologie, 311 (218), 813 - 834., 3 pls." type="book chapter" year="1975">Nataf & Cherbonnier 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to?
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1F623940411FF92FC3AFA6C7220158C" box="[926,1074,1441,1467]" name="South Africa" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(A.M.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FB23FA6C7382158C" author="Clark & Downey" box="[1159,1424,1441,1467]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref176986" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Natural History Museum Publications. Chapman & Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), including the archipelagos of the Azores (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FDD0FA08750715E8" author="Koehler" box="[628,789,1477,1503]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 317" refId="ref185837" refString="Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317." type="journal article" year="1909">Koehler 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Madeira (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FC33FA08723815E8" author="Augier" box="[919,1066,1476,1503]" firstAuthor="Augier" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="86 - 129" refId="ref173191" refString="Augier, H. (1985) Premier contribution a l'etude et a la cartigraphe des biocenoses marines benthiques de l'ile de Madere. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal (Hist. Nat.), 37 (168), 86 - 129." type="journal article" year="1985">Augier 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Selvagens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FB65FA0876C11634" author="Perez-Ruzafa" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Perez-Ruzafa" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="277 - 296" refId="ref196162" refString="Perez-Ruzafa, A., Entrambasaguas, L., Espejo, C., Marcos, C. & Bacallado, J. J. (2002) Fauna de equinodermos (Echinodermata) de los fondos rocosos infralitorales del archipielago de Salvajes (Oceano Atlantico). Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias, 14 (3 - 4), 277 - 296." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Pérez-Ruzafa
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FAC7FA0B738715E8" box="[1379,1429,1477,1503]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Canaries (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FEF3FA2474621634" author="Perez-Ruzafa" box="[343,624,1513,1539]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Perez-Ruzafa" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="112 - 113" refId="ref196230" refString="Perez-Ruzafa, A., Aranega, J. J. B., Garcia, I. A. & Diaz, J. R. D. (2003) Division Echinodermata. In: Moro, L., Martin, J. L., Garrido, M. J. & Izquierdo, I. (Eds.), Lista de especies marinas de Canarias (algas, hongos, plantas y animales). Consejeria de Politica Territorial y Medio Ambiente del Gobierno de Canarias, Tenerife, pp. 112 - 113." type="book chapter" year="2003">
|
||
Pérez-Ruzafa
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FE53FA27743A1634" box="[503,552,1513,1539]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1F623940411FF92FD09FA2475201634" box="[685,818,1513,1539]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FCE5FA2472491634" author="Perez-Ruzafa" box="[833,1115,1513,1539]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Perez-Ruzafa" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="43 - 62" refId="ref196107" refString="Perez-Ruzafa, A., Entrambasaguas, L. & Bacallado, J. J. (1999) Fauna de equinodermos (Echinodermata) de los fondos rocosos infralitorales del archipielago de Cabo Verde. Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias, 11 (3 - 4), 43 - 62." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Pérez-Ruzafa
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FC44FA2772001634" box="[992,1042,1513,1539]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040411FF92FF63F9C072DF161F" blockId="65.[151,1437,1368,2043]" box="[199,1229,1548,1576]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FF63F9C077081610" bold="true" box="[199,282,1549,1575]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Depth:</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10411FF92FE85F9C077941610" box="[289,390,1549,1575]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="18.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="90.0" valueMax="180.0" valueMin="0.0">0–180 m</quantity>
|
||
, rarely below
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10411FF92FD81F9C1744C1610" box="[549,606,1548,1575]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
|
||
(A.M.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FD14F9C075A61610" author="Clark & Downey" box="[688,948,1549,1575]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref176986" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Natural History Museum Publications. Chapman & Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); AZO:
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10411FF92FBB5F9C172741610" box="[1041,1126,1548,1575]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="17.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="0.0">0–35 m</quantity>
|
||
(herein).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040411FF92FF63F9FD776616A4" blockId="65.[151,1437,1368,2043]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FF63F9FD773E167C" bold="true" box="[199,300,1584,1611]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Habitat:</emphasis>
|
||
found on rocky shores, on biogenic detritus, sandy to silty sand substrates, and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870411FF92FB07F9FF72EB167C" box="[1187,1273,1586,1611]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zosteraceae" genus="Zostera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FB07F9FF72EB167C" box="[1187,1273,1586,1611]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Zostera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870411FF92FA8FF9FC738F167C" box="[1323,1437,1585,1611]" class="Liliopsida" family="Posidoniaceae" genus="Posidonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FA8FF9FC738F167C" box="[1323,1437,1585,1611]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Posidonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
meadows (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FEABF998741C1658" author="Koukouras" box="[271,526,1621,1647]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Koukouras" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="67 - 92" refId="ref186346" refString="Koukouras, A., Sinis, A. I., Bobori, D., Kazantzidis, S. & Kitsos, M. - S. (2007) The echinoderm (Deuterostomia) fauna of the Aegean Sea, and comparison with those of the neighbouring seas. Journal of Biological Research, 7, 67 - 92." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Koukouras
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FE37F99B77D61658" box="[403,452,1621,1647]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); feeds mainly on molluscs but also on fishes, crustaceans and other echinoderms (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FF3BF9B4777A16A4" author="Mortensen" box="[159,360,1657,1683]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref192564" refString="Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841" type="book" year="1927" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen 1927a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040411FF92FF63F95075A416EB" blockId="65.[151,1437,1368,2043]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FF63F95077701680" bold="true" box="[199,354,1693,1719]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Larval stage:</emphasis>
|
||
planktotrophic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FDB0F95074C81680" author="Mortensen" box="[532,730,1693,1719]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref192564" refString="Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841" type="book" year="1927" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen1927a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);typically gonochoristic, though some cases of hermaphroditism have been reported in the Tyrrhenian Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50411FF92FDD0F90C75BB16EB" author="Delavault & Cognetti" box="[628,937,1729,1756]" firstAuthor="Delavault" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="2771 - 2772" refId="ref178338" refString="Delavault, R. & Cognetti, G. (1961) L'hermaphrodisme chez Marthasterias glacialis L. Comptes Rendus Academie des Sciences Paris, 253, 2771 - 2772." type="journal article" year="1961">Delavault & Cognetti 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="81FB308F0411FF92FF63F929734817CC" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040411FF92FF63F929734817CC" blockId="65.[151,1437,1368,2043]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FF63F92977BD16C8" bold="true" box="[199,431,1764,1791]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10411FF92FE10F928745616C8" box="[436,580,1765,1791]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">DBUA-ECH</collectionCode>
|
||
103 (Piscina da Lagoa,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10411FF92FCECF928759516C8" box="[840,903,1765,1791]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">SMG</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10411FF92FC2BF92875D916C8" box="[911,971,1765,1791]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">AZO</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FC70F92B75F516C8" box="[980,999,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30411FF92FC49F928726516C8" box="[1005,1143,1765,1791]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" precision="15" seconds="29" value="37.74139">37°44’29”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30411FF92FB25F929731D16C8" box="[1153,1295,1764,1791]" degrees="25" direction="west" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" precision="15" seconds="27" value="-25.574167">25°34’27”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 25.07.199
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10411FF92FA2FF92976C41714" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.15" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="6.15">6, 15 m</quantity>
|
||
; 1 spm, R =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10411FF92FED5F8C477D61714" box="[369,452,1801,1827]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="83.0">83 mm</quantity>
|
||
, r =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10411FF92FE5BF8C474551714" box="[511,583,1801,1827]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10411FF92FDF9F8C474FF1714" box="[605,749,1801,1827]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">DBUA-ECH</collectionCode>
|
||
104 (FRM,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10411FF92FCD9F8C475AB1714" box="[893,953,1801,1827]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">AZO</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FC63F8C775C81714" box="[967,986,1802,1827]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30411FF92FC40F8C4727C1714" box="[996,1134,1801,1827]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" precision="15" seconds="14" value="37.270554">37°16’14”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30411FF92FBD8F8C573181714" box="[1148,1290,1800,1827]" degrees="24" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" precision="15" seconds="52" value="-24.78111">24°46’52”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="BD5F45C40411FF92FABDF8C4738A1714" box="[1305,1432,1801,1827]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1990-06-08">1990.06.08</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10411FF92FF33F8E076F01770" box="[151,226,1837,1863]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6–8 m</quantity>
|
||
; 1 spm, R =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10411FF92FED2F8E077DA1770" box="[374,456,1837,1863]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
, r =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10411FF92FE5AF8E074571770" box="[510,581,1837,1863]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10411FF92FDFDF8E074FB1770" box="[601,745,1837,1863]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">DBUA-ECH</collectionCode>
|
||
105 (Rosto do C„o, S„o Roque,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10411FF92FBC4F8E0728D1770" box="[1120,1183,1837,1863]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">SMG</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10411FF92FB0EF8E072F41770" box="[1194,1254,1837,1863]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">AZO</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FB56F8E373171770" box="[1266,1285,1838,1863]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30411FF92FAA9F8E0738A1770" box="[1293,1432,1837,1863]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" precision="15" seconds="37" value="37.74361">37°44’37”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30411FF92FF33F89D7737175C" box="[151,293,1872,1899]" degrees="25" direction="west" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" precision="15" seconds="19" value="-25.63861">25°38’19”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="BD5F45C40411FF92FE97F89C77A3175C" box="[307,433,1873,1899]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1997-02-26">
|
||
1997.02.
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10411FF92FE37F89C77A3175C" box="[403,433,1873,1899]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.61" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="26.1">26</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 10 m; 2 spms, R =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10411FF92FD3BF89C7538175C" box="[671,810,1873,1899]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" metricValueMax="10.1" metricValueMin="8.4" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="92.5" valueMax="101.0" valueMin="84.0">84–101 mm</quantity>
|
||
, r = 9);
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10411FF92FC2EF89C7208175C" box="[906,1050,1873,1899]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">DBUA-ECH</collectionCode>
|
||
106 (FRM,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10411FF92FB0CF89C72F6175C" box="[1192,1252,1873,1899]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">AZO</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FB55F89F7316175C" box="[1265,1284,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30411FF92FAA9F89C738A175C" box="[1293,1432,1873,1899]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" precision="15" seconds="14" value="37.270554">37°16’14”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30411FF92FF33F8B9773717B8" box="[151,293,1908,1935]" degrees="24" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" precision="15" seconds="52" value="-24.78111">24°46’52”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1990.06; 2 spms, R =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10411FF92FDB8F8B874A317B8" box="[540,689,1909,1935]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2349999999999999" metricValueMax="1.47" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="123.5" valueMax="147.0" valueMin="100.0">100–147 mm</quantity>
|
||
, r =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10411FF92FD7AF8B8754B17B8" box="[734,857,1909,1935]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="12.0">12–17 mm</quantity>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10411FF92FCCFF8B875E917B8" box="[875,1019,1909,1935]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">DBUA-ECH</collectionCode>
|
||
110 (Poços, S„o Vicente,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10411FF92FAB1F8B8734617B8" box="[1301,1364,1909,1935]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">SMG</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10411FF92FAF8F8B8738A17B8" box="[1372,1432,1909,1935]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">AZO</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FF33F85776B81784" box="[151,170,1946,1971]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30411FF92FF17F855772C1784" box="[179,318,1944,1971]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" precision="15" seconds="06" value="37.835">37°50’06”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30411FF92FEEFF85577CB1784" box="[331,473,1944,1971]" degrees="25" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" precision="15" seconds="10" value="-25.669443">25°40’10”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="BD5F45C40411FF92FE42F85474741784" box="[486,614,1945,1971]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1996-04-14">1996.04.14</date>
|
||
; 1 spm, R =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10411FF92FD5FF854755F1784" box="[763,845,1945,1971]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
|
||
, r =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10411FF92FC21F85475DE1784" box="[901,972,1945,1971]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10411FF92FC44F85472621784" box="[992,1136,1945,1971]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">DBUA-ECH</collectionCode>
|
||
111 (Vila do
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE60411FF92FAA9F854735E1784" box="[1293,1356,1945,1971]" country="Portugal" name="Porto" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Porto</collectingRegion>
|
||
, SMA,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10411FF92FF33F87076C117E0" box="[151,211,1981,2007]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">AZO</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FF7AF87376E017E0" box="[222,242,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30411FF92FF5DF871779617E0" box="[249,388,1980,2007]" degrees="36" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" precision="15" seconds="42" value="36.945">36°56’42”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30411FF92FE2BF871740F17E0" box="[399,541,1980,2007]" degrees="25" direction="west" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" precision="15" seconds="50" value="-25.147223">25°08’50”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1990.06; 2 spms, R =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10411FF92FCBBF87075B517E0" box="[799,935,1981,2007]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.105" metricValueMax="1.42" metricValueMin="0.79" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="110.5" valueMax="142.0" valueMin="79.0">79–142 mm</quantity>
|
||
, r =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10411FF92FC7EF870724417E0" box="[986,1110,1981,2007]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="45.5" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="11.0">11–80 mm</quantity>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10411FF92FBCDF87072EB17E0" box="[1129,1273,1981,2007]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">DBUA-ECH</collectionCode>
|
||
205 (Baixa de Jo„o Lopes, SMA,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFF0FBC10411FF92FECFF82C77B517CC" box="[363,423,2017,2043]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">AZO</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160411FF92FE16F82F77D717CC" box="[434,453,2018,2043]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30411FF92FE68F82C744417CC" box="[460,598,2017,2043]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" precision="15" seconds="13" value="37.02028">37°01’13”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACD505C30411FF92FDC5F82D74FD17CC" box="[609,751,2016,2043]" degrees="25" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" precision="15" seconds="05" value="-25.168055">25°10’05”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="BD5F45C40411FF92FD5EF82C756B17CC" box="[762,889,2017,2043]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="2014-06-26">
|
||
2014.06.
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10411FF92FCF8F82C756B17CC" box="[860,889,2017,2043]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.065" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.63" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="30.65" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="26.3">26</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 30–35 m; 1 spms, R =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10411FF92FB24F82C72D117CC" box="[1152,1219,2017,2043]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, r = 0.5 mm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="81FB308F0412FF91FF63FF5575DA12F8" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040412FF91FF63FF5575DA12F8" blockId="66.[151,1437,152,719]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160412FF91FF63FF5577491084" bold="true" box="[199,347,152,179]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
disc subpentagular with scattered spines forming a more or less distinct pentagon; R/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870412FF91FA87FF5473781085" box="[1315,1386,152,179]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="from">r from</taxonomicName>
|
||
two to thirteen in smaller specimens (D =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10412FF91FD9DFF71748510E0" box="[569,663,188,215]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.0">1–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, respectively) up to 8–11 fold in larger specimens; a larger individual (R =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10412FF91FF71FF2C772410CC" box="[213,310,225,251]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.42" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="142.0">142 mm</quantity>
|
||
, DBUA-ECH 111) was flattened by an inadequate preservation container resulting in a proportion R to r of two fold. Five arms with pentagonal cross-section, long tapering distally. Abactinal skeleton strong, with three longitudinal series of primary plates; the plates in mid-dorsal line of the arm forming a conspicuous regular series, zigzagging distally with one up to two (occasionally three, in larger specimens of R Ξ
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10412FF91FB0AFE8072ED1150" box="[1198,1279,333,359]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="78.0">78 mm</quantity>
|
||
) stout conical spines, encircled by a large wreath of crossed pedicellaria; the dorsolateral series on each side reduced particularly distally, partially spinose with spines (when present) usually smaller than the carinal ones in all specimens except in the smallest ones (R ±
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10412FF91FE62FE74740E11E4" box="[454,540,441,467]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
), where they are absent. Superomarginal plates as in the mid-dorsal arm area arranged in a regular series with one to two spines, slightly exceeding in length the carinal ones; also surrounded by wreath of crossed pedicellaria. Inferomarginal with two oblique spines slightly flattened and of similar length to the abactinal ones; the outer one with crossed pedicellaria surrounding only the outer side. A single spineless actinal series. Adambulacral plates monocanthid. Long lanceolate straight pedicellaria scattered on the ventral surface, particularly within the furrow. Valves of crossed pedicellaria with a slightly enlarged tooth on each side of the terminal lip. Colour (in ethanol): all white, with the exception of a small specimen (DBUA-ECH 104), which is light brown with darker brownish spots giving an overall stripped appearance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="9D9E338C0412FF91FF33FA88775615B5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3342187/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" startId="66.[151,250,1349,1374]" targetBox="[151,1436,740,1330]" targetPageId="66">
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040412FF91FF33FA88775615B5" blockId="66.[151,1436,1349,1410]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160412FF91FF33FA88770D1569" bold="true" box="[151,287,1349,1374]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870412FF91FE80FA8B74D01569" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[292,706,1349,1374]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Marthasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="glacialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160412FF91FE80FA8B74021569" box="[292,528,1350,1374]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Marthasterias glacialis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50412FF91FDB9FA8874A91569" author="Linnaeus" box="[541,699,1349,1374]" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refId="ref187346" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. 1. 10 th Edition. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(DBUA-ECH 103). Dorsal view (A); ventral view (B); detail of the arm, ventral view (C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="81FB308F0412FF90FF63FA7C748B1208" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="C95E63040412FF90FF63FA7C748B1208" blockId="66.[151,1437,1456,2023]" lastBlockId="67.[151,1437,153,575]" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160412FF91FF63FA7C772F15FC" bold="true" box="[199,317,1457,1483]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870412FF91FEE3FA7D745C15FD" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[327,590,1456,1482]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Marthasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="glacialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160412FF91FEE3FA7D745C15FD" box="[327,590,1456,1482]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Marthasterias glacialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is highly polymorphic and has a wide geographical distribution, qualities that have resulted in the description of several synonyms, subspecies and varieties. The validity of these subspecies did not reunite consensus as many believed to be ecophenotypic variations associated with specific environmental conditions (depth,
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160412FF91FED7F9D077B01601" box="[371,418,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">e.g.,</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50412FF91FE0BF9D0746E1601" author="Mortensen" box="[431,636,1564,1591]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="215 - 400" refId="ref192702" refString="Mortensen, T. (1933 b) Echinoderms of South Africa (Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea). Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening, 93, 215 - 400." type="journal article" year="1933" yearSuffix="b">Mortensen 1933b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50412FF91FD29F9D075591600" author="Tortonese" box="[653,843,1564,1591]" firstAuthor="Tortonese" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refId="ref202694" refString="Tortonese, E. (1965) Fauna D'Italia-Echinodermata. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 422 pp." type="book" year="1965">Tortonese, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; latitude,
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160412FF91FC60F9D075F71601" box="[964,997,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">e.g</emphasis>
|
||
., A.M.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50412FF91FBE3F9D172DC1600" author="Clark" box="[1095,1230,1564,1591]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="193 - 221" refId="ref176486" refString="Clark, A. M. (1951) Some echinoderms from South Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 33 (2), 193 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359195109519884" type="journal article" year="1951">Clark 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Historically,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870412FF91FADAF9D076E5166D" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Marthasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="glacialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160412FF91FADAF9D073871601" box="[1406,1429,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160412FF91FF33F98D76E5166D" box="[151,247,1600,1626]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">glacialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Azores was attributed to the form ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160412FF91FD77F98C7529166D" box="[723,827,1601,1626]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">rarispina</emphasis>
|
||
’ by A.M.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50412FF91FC17F98D7255166C" author="Clark" box="[947,1095,1600,1627]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="193 - 221" refId="ref176486" refString="Clark, A. M. (1951) Some echinoderms from South Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 33 (2), 193 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359195109519884" type="journal article" year="1951">Clark (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870412FF91FBC3F98D733B166D" box="[1127,1321,1600,1626]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rank="variety" variety="originally">variety originally</taxonomicName>
|
||
described as a South African species by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50412FF91FE51F9A9748B1648" author="Perrier" box="[501,665,1636,1663]" firstAuthor="Perrier" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refId="ref196823" refString="Perrier, M. E. (1875) Revision de la collection de stellerides du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. Reinwald, Paris, 384 pp." type="book" year="1875">Perrier (1875)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Its diagnosing characters are essentially focused on the absence of spines on the dorsolateral plate series (
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160412FF91FDECF94474651695" box="[584,631,1673,1698]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">e.g.,</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50412FF91FDDAF945751E1694" author="Perrier" box="[638,780,1672,1699]" firstAuthor="Perrier" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refId="ref196823" refString="Perrier, M. E. (1875) Revision de la collection de stellerides du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. Reinwald, Paris, 384 pp." type="book" year="1875">Perrier 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; H.L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50412FF91FCF6F94575C11694" author="Clark, A. H." box="[850,979,1672,1699]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="8 - 12" part="13" refId="ref176311" refString="Clark, A. H. (1923) A revision of the recent representatives of the crinoid family Pentacrinidae, with the diagnoses of two new genera. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 13, 8 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 5290" title="A revision of the recent representatives of the crinoid family Pentacrinidae, with the diagnoses of two new genera" type="journal article" year="1923">Clark 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On the other side of the spectrum is the form ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160412FF91FF79F960772E16F0" box="[221,316,1709,1735]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">africana</emphasis>
|
||
’, another South African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870412FF91FDEAF96174E616F1" box="[590,756,1708,1734]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rank="variety" variety="distinct">variety distinct</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its many irregularly arranged abactinal spines (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50412FF91FA87F96076F316DD" author="Mortensen" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="215 - 400" refId="ref192702" refString="Mortensen, T. (1933 b) Echinoderms of South Africa (Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea). Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening, 93, 215 - 400." type="journal article" year="1933" yearSuffix="b">Mortensen 1933b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; A.M.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50412FF91FE89F91D77BC16DC" author="Clark" box="[301,430,1744,1771]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="421 - 487" refId="ref176677" refString="Clark, A. M. (1974) Notes on some echinoderms from Southern Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 26 (6), 421 - 487, pls. 1 - 3. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 209" type="journal article" year="1974">Clark 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50412FF91FD92F91C751F16DC" author="Mortensen" box="[566,781,1744,1771]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="215 - 400" refId="ref192702" refString="Mortensen, T. (1933 b) Echinoderms of South Africa (Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea). Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening, 93, 215 - 400." type="journal article" year="1933" yearSuffix="b">Mortensen (1933b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
realized the existence of intermediate forms and classified these as ‘not very distinct varieties’. Unlike the previous observations by A.M.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50412FF91FBBAF93972A01738" author="Clark" box="[1054,1202,1780,1807]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="193 - 221" refId="ref176486" refString="Clark, A. M. (1951) Some echinoderms from South Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 33 (2), 193 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359195109519884" type="journal article" year="1951">Clark (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the specimens from the Azores housed in the DBUA-ECH collection appear to be identical to the ones from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1F623940412FF91FB23F8D573081705" box="[1159,1306,1816,1842]" name="South Africa" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50412FF91FF33F8F077791761" author="Mortensen" box="[151,363,1852,1879]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="215 - 400" refId="ref192702" refString="Mortensen, T. (1933 b) Echinoderms of South Africa (Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea). Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening, 93, 215 - 400." type="journal article" year="1933" yearSuffix="b">Mortensen (1933b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 16, fig. 3) as an example of an intermediate form of the variety ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160412FF91FB28F8F072E61761" box="[1164,1268,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">rarispina</emphasis>
|
||
’ characterized by having a reduced number of spines in the dorsolateral series. In contrast, the carinal plate series in the DBUA- ECH specimens also presented a somewhat zigzagged arrangement in the distal part of the arms. This feature was associated with the typical form ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160412FF91FDABF864746517F5" box="[527,631,1961,1986]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">rarispina</emphasis>
|
||
’ by A.M.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50412FF91FD4AF865759317F4" author="Clark" box="[750,897,1960,1987]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="193 - 221" refId="ref176486" refString="Clark, A. M. (1951) Some echinoderms from South Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 33 (2), 193 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359195109519884" type="journal article" year="1951">Clark (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However, the smallest specimens (R ±
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10412FF91FAE0F864738617F4" box="[1348,1428,1961,1987]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
) in DBUA-ECH collection displayed naked dorsolateral series and the spines on carinal series are not arranged in a zigzagged manner. Regardless, the observed variations found in Azorean animals are not exclusive in the North Atlantic and were also reported in specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE60413FF90FD69FF70753F10E0" box="[717,813,189,215]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Madeira</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Canaries,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1F623940413FF90FC03FF70721410E0" box="[935,1030,189,215]" name="Portugal" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the Mediterranean Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50413FF90FAE7FF7076C010CC" author="Ludwig" firstAuthor="Ludwig" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 491" refId="ref187897" refString="Ludwig, H. (1897) Die Seesterne des Mittelmeeres. Zoologischen Station zu Neapel, 24, i-viii + 1 - 491." type="journal article" year="1897">Ludwig 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50413FF90FF44FF2C777810CC" author="Nobre" box="[224,362,225,251]" firstAuthor="Nobre" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref194090" refString="Nobre, A. (1930) Materiais para o estudo da fauna dos Acores. Instituto de Zoologia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, 108 pp." type="book" year="1930">Nobre 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; A.M.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50413FF90FE18FF2C742C10CC" author="Clark" box="[444,574,224,251]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="193 - 221" refId="ref176486" refString="Clark, A. M. (1951) Some echinoderms from South Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 33 (2), 193 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359195109519884" type="journal article" year="1951">Clark 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; A.M.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50413FF90FD2BFF2C758B10CC" author="Clark & Downey" box="[655,921,225,251]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref176986" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Natural History Museum Publications. Chapman & Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The colouration pattern has been appointed as another source of variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870413FF90FDA9FECB74861128" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[525,660,261,287]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Marthasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="glacialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160413FF90FDA9FECB74361128" box="[525,548,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160413FF90FD90FEC874861128" box="[564,660,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">glacialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which can vary between yellow, green, blue, brown and even pink. In the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE60413FF90FF42FEE4772A1174" box="[230,312,297,323]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Azores</collectingRegion>
|
||
, large specimens are typically described as blackish with the spinose plates conspicuously white (see for example Wirtz & Debellius 2003). However, small specimens (
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160413FF90FC6FFE8375E81150" box="[971,1018,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">e.g.,</emphasis>
|
||
DBUA-ECH 103, R =
|
||
<quantity id="0E19CEE10413FF90FAAEFE80734E1150" box="[1290,1372,333,359]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="83.0">83 mm</quantity>
|
||
) may present a colouration pattern similar to typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870413FF90FD03FEBC75D811BC" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[679,970,369,395]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160413FF90FD03FEBC75D811BC" box="[679,970,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Coscinasterias tenuispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, light brown to yellowish-white blotched with darker brownish or orange, giving an overall stripped appearance (see remarks under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE118870413FF90FB3CFE58733D1198" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[1176,1327,405,431]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160413FF90FB3CFE5872B91198" box="[1176,1195,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160413FF90FB1EFE5B733D1198" box="[1210,1327,406,431]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">tenuispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). A more recent study by Wright and co-workers (2016) concluded that
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160413FF90FCF9FE7775D711E4" box="[861,965,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">rarispina</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160413FF90FC5AFE74724F11E4" box="[1022,1117,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">africana</emphasis>
|
||
varieties from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1F623940413FF90FAAFFE74738F11E4" box="[1291,1437,441,467]" name="South Africa" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
could not be distinguished at a morphological and genetic level. On the other hand comparisons with sequences previously published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF50413FF90FE0CFDCC74D4122C" author="Perez-Portela" box="[424,710,513,539]" etAl="et al" firstAuthor="Perez-Portela" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="2015 - 2028" refId="ref195921" refString="Perez-Portela, R., Villamor, A. & Almada, V. (2010) Phylogeography of the sea star Marthasterias glacialis (Asteroidea, Echinodermata): deep genetic divergence between mitochondrial lineages in the north-western mediterranean. Marine Biology, 157 (9), 2015 - 2028. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 010 - 1470 - 0" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Pérez-Portela
|
||
<emphasis id="FB95BF160413FF90FDE1FDCF7464122C" box="[581,630,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">et al</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from the European shores and Azores showed that South African populations could represent a distinct species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |