160 lines
16 KiB
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160 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="B47384E0ED16F63BD9BEF42C3C6F6D82" ID-CLB-Dataset="21272" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2015.1091106" ID-GBIF-Dataset="05d1bac2-fe53-42ba-a04d-bc4828adaf4e" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3990100" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1597771971732" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Liseki, Steven D. & Vane-Wright, Richard I." docDate="2015" docId="03E687FCFFA6FF85495FFE57FB3AFB71" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.50.13-14.865-904.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 50" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1091106" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Amauris (Amauris) niavius subsp. dominicanus Trimen 1879" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="871" masterDocId="FFDFFF84FFA0FF834804FFE3FFBEFFB1" masterDocTitle="Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: Nymphalidae subfamilies Libytheinae, Danainae, Satyrinae and Charaxinae" masterLastPageNumber="904" masterPageNumber="865" pageNumber="871" updateTime="1698844713879" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="93B45997DED7B5BE1E53D0798AF9C405">Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: Nymphalidae subfamilies Libytheinae, Danainae, Satyrinae and Charaxinae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="083C41B8E9AFD3102D84B65FF859CB4A">Liseki, Steven D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AC8A7530379D502CB8918BE47754A15A">Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania; & Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BE9FC3B59E20D8A8F3AF42BBD7DD1C49">Vane-Wright, Richard I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4FC16202FBA5650E4E3C544A72D82FF0">Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; & Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK; & School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="66A68CE6522400F917AFE811C11CF6B3">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="796FEAC75C877E533E6FB31B5874CD05">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03E687FCFFA6FF85495FFE57FB3AFB71" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4339152" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167186743" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4339152" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E687FCFFA6FF85495FFE57FB3AFB71" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E687FCFFA6FF85495FFE57FB3AFB71" lastPageNumber="871" pageId="6" pageNumber="871">
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<paragraph id="8BF036EAFFA6FF85495FFE57FC76FE7C" blockId="6.[347,968,401,461]" box="[347,968,436,461]" pageId="6" pageNumber="871">
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<heading id="D0B88186FFA6FF85495FFE57FC76FE7C" box="[347,968,436,461]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="871" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69FFA6FF85495FFE57FC76FE7C" ID-CoL="5FJQG" authority="Trimen, 1879" authorityName="Trimen" authorityYear="1879" box="[347,968,436,461]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Amauris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="871" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="niavius" subGenus="Amauris" subSpecies="dominicanus">
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA6FF85495FFE57FE07FE7C" box="[347,441,436,461]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="871">Amauris</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA6FF8549CDFE57FD99FE7C" box="[457,551,436,461]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="871">Amauris</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA6FF854A3CFE57FC9AFE7C" box="[568,804,436,461]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="871">niavius dominicanus</emphasis>
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Trimen, 1879
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF036EAFFA6FF8548A4FE0AFD3AFDB0" blockId="6.[160,1155,489,582]" box="[160,644,489,513]" pageId="6" pageNumber="871">
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d
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA6FF8548ABFE0AFF0AFDB0" box="[175,180,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="871">’</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFA6FF8548B1FE0AFEC8FDB0" author="Abrera B" box="[181,374,489,513]" pageId="6" pageNumber="871" refId="ref21924" refString="d ' Abrera B. 1997. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region (2 nd edn). Part I. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Acraeidae, Danaidae & Satyridae. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1997">Abrera 1997: 187</bibRefCitation>
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(1 fig.). SI: Figure 4a
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA6FF854A66FE0AFDD1FDB0" box="[610,623,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="871">–</emphasis>
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d.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3556561FFA6FF8548A4FDEFFB3AFB71" pageId="6" pageNumber="871" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF036EAFFA6FF8548A4FDEFFCBBFDF7" blockId="6.[160,1155,489,582]" pageId="6" pageNumber="871">
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Forewing length: male
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<quantity id="4CB79B0FFFA6FF8549B3FDEFFDF6FD95" box="[439,584,523,548]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.575" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.15" pageId="6" pageNumber="871" unit="mm" value="45.75" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="41.5">
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41.5
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA6FF8549E2FDE8FE4DFD92" box="[486,499,523,547]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="871">–</emphasis>
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50 mm
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</quantity>
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[mean (
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA6FF854AB6FDEFFD7EFD95" box="[690,704,524,548]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="871">n</emphasis>
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= 8)
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<quantity id="4CB79B0FFFA6FF854B09FDEFFC38FD95" box="[781,902,524,548]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.625" pageId="6" pageNumber="871" unit="mm" value="46.25">46.25 mm</quantity>
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, SD = 2.177]; female
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43
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA6FF8548DFFDCDFF56FDF7" box="[219,232,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="871">–</emphasis>
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49.5 mm
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</quantity>
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[mean (
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA6FF8549A9FDCDFE05FDF7" box="[429,443,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="871">n</emphasis>
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= 9)
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<quantity id="4CB79B0FFFA6FF8549FEFDCDFDD0FDF7" box="[506,622,558,582]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.656" pageId="6" pageNumber="871" unit="mm" value="46.56">46.56 mm</quantity>
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, SD = 1.576].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF036EAFFA6FF8548A4FD98FF42FD24" blockId="6.[160,1156,635,1216]" box="[160,252,635,661]" pageId="6" pageNumber="871">
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<heading id="D0B88186FFA6FF8548A4FD98FF42FD24" box="[160,252,635,661]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="871" reason="5">
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA6FF8548A4FD98FF42FD24" bold="true" box="[160,252,635,661]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="871" reason="3">Records</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF036EAFFA6FF8548A4FD43FB3AFB71" blockId="6.[160,1156,635,1216]" pageId="6" pageNumber="871">
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According to
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFA6FF854943FD43FE4EFD09" author="Kielland J" box="[327,496,672,696]" pageId="6" pageNumber="871" refId="ref22372" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland (1990</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 75), occurs in eastern, northern and southwestern areas of
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<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFA6FF854902FD20FED3FD6A" box="[262,365,707,731]" name="Tanzania" pageId="6" pageNumber="871">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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, from sea level to over
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||
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||
.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFA6FF854AE9FD20FC16FD6A" author="Carcasson RH" box="[749,936,707,731]" pageId="6" pageNumber="871" pagination="19 - 36" refId="ref21705" refString="Carcasson RH. 1963. The milkweed butterflies of East Africa (Lepidoptera, Danaidae). J E Afr Nat Hist Soc. 24: 19 - 36." type="journal article" year="1963">Carcasson (1963</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 23) recorded it from Moshi, and in the BMNH there are several Moshi specimens collected by Cooper, and others collected by Fountaine. Cooper also collected at least one male from Engare Nairobi, West
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<collectingRegion id="498BF808FFA6FF85499BFCC8FD9CFCF2" box="[415,546,811,835]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="6" pageNumber="871">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
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, at
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||
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|
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4500
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA6FF854A83FCC9FD2AFCF3" box="[647,660,810,834]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="871">–</emphasis>
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5500 ft.
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</quantity>
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E. Barns obtained this butterfly in the
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<collectingRegion id="498BF808FFA6FF8548D1FCAEFE9EFCD4" box="[213,288,845,869]" country="Kenya" name="Taita/Taveta" pageId="6" pageNumber="871">Taveta</collectingRegion>
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Forest, at c.
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<quantity id="4CB79B0FFFA6FF8549D4FCAEFD94FCD4" box="[464,554,845,869]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="6" pageNumber="871" unit="ft" value="2500.0">2500 ft</quantity>
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, where
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFA6FF854A97FCAEFC91FCD4" author="Rogers KSA" box="[659,815,845,869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="871" pagination="489 - 557" refId="ref23304" refString="Rogers KSA. 1908. Some bionomic notes on British East African butterflies (with further notes and descriptions by E. B. Poulton and R. Trimen). T Entomol Soc Lond. 1908: 489 - 557, 4 pls." type="book chapter" year="1908">Rogers (1908</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 499) evidently found it abundantly. Not encountered in the forest zone by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFA6FF854B04FC93FC2FFC39" author="Liseki SD" box="[768,913,880,904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="871" refId="ref22668" refString="Liseki SD 2009. Butterfly diversity and its relevance to conservation in north-eastern Tanzania [PhD thesis]. Canterbury (UK): University of Kent." type="book" year="2009">Liseki (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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. We regard this as a member of the lower slopes fauna
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA6FF854A4FFC71FDE6FC1B" box="[587,600,914,938]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="871">–</emphasis>
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but it would appear to have the potential to enter the lower levels of the forest. Subspecies
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA6FF854AD5FC56FCE1FC7C" box="[721,863,949,973]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="871">dominicanus</emphasis>
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occurs widely in eastern Africa, from
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<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFA6FF854930FC3BFEC7FC41" box="[308,377,984,1008]" name="Kenya" pageId="6" pageNumber="871">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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south to Natal, whereas the nominate
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<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69FFA6FF854B52FC3BFC65FC41" box="[854,987,984,1008]" pageId="6" pageNumber="871" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="occurs">race occurs</taxonomicName>
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from western
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<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFA6FF8548A4FC18FF5BFBA2" box="[160,229,1019,1043]" name="Kenya" pageId="6" pageNumber="871">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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west to
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<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFA6FF85495FFC18FE10FBA2" box="[347,430,1019,1043]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="6" pageNumber="871">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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. A third subspecies is found in northern
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<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFA6FF854BB5FC18FBB3FBA2" box="[945,1037,1019,1043]" name="Uganda" pageId="6" pageNumber="871">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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, southern
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<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFA6FF8548A4FBFEFF59FB84" box="[160,231,1053,1077]" name="Sudan" pageId="6" pageNumber="871">Sudan</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFA6FF85492CFBFEFE36FB84" box="[296,392,1053,1077]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="6" pageNumber="871">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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. According to
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFA6FF854A33FBFEFCADFB84" author="Ackery PR & Smith CR & Vane-Wright RI" box="[567,787,1053,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="871" refId="ref20969" refString="Ackery PR, Smith CR, Vane-Wright RI, editors. 1995. Carcasson ' s African Butterflies: an annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. East Melbourne: CSIRO." type="book" year="1995">Ackery et al. (1995</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 271; based on
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFA6FF854BF7FBFEFBC3FB84" author="Talbot G" box="[1011,1149,1053,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="871" pagination="319 - 336" refId="ref23808" refString="Talbot G. 1940. Revisional notes on the genus Amauris Hubner (Lep.). T R Entomol Soc Lond. 90: 319 - 336." type="journal article" year="1940">Talbot 1940</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 320), it is possible that a fourth, unnamed
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<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69FFA6FF854AF1FBA3FCC1FBE9" box="[757,895,1088,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="871" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="occurs">race occurs</taxonomicName>
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on Bioko (
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<collectingCountry id="F358767AFFA6FF854C10FBA3FF01FBCA" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="6" pageNumber="871">Fernando Po</collectingCountry>
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)
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8FFA6FF8548D4FB81FF63FBCB" box="[208,221,1122,1146]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="871">–</emphasis>
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however, although the species is confirmed for the island by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BFFA6FF854BCEFB80FF5EFB2C" author="Spearman LA & Orfe NA & Weintraub JD" pageId="6" pageNumber="871" pagination="447 - 475" refId="ref23765" refString="Spearman LA, Orfe NA, Weintraub JD. 2000. An annotated list of the butterfly fauna of Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea, Hesperioidea). T Am Entomol Soc. 126: 447 - 475." type="journal article" year="2000">Spearman et al. (2000</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 457), and there do appear to be minor differences in phenotype (photographs made available by J.D. Weintraub), these authors make no comment on status.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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||
</document> |