463 lines
59 KiB
XML
463 lines
59 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="443A3C210CD2D9B82CC539CBDF3478D3">Revision of the dwarf cannibal snails (Nata s. l.) of southern Africa — Nata s. s. and Natella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rhytididae), with description of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="42F2F2C1335D4B5BACECA89DEA66B174">Adnan Mousalli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C8F635C56DFF7C955D144A173ADE5B83">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C3556561E01AD750FF1A12290AFE9B57" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69E01AD750FF1A122909179B76" authority="Benson, 1851" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1851" box="[151,541,836,862]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Nata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pulmonata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dumeticola">
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E01AD750FF1A122909179B76" bold="true" box="[151,541,836,862]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E01AD750FF1A12290A579B76" bold="true" box="[151,349,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Nata dumeticola</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BE01AD750FEE01229091F9B76" author="Benson" box="[365,533,836,862]" pageId="23" pageNumber="56" refString="Benson, W. H. (1851) Descriptions of five new species of Helix from the Cape of Good Hope, with remarks on the known South-African species and a notice of several Cape limaces. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 2, 7, 103 - 107." type="journal article" year="1851">Benson, 1851</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF036EAE01AD750FF1A120B0AFE9B57" blockId="23.[151,541,836,895]" box="[151,500,870,895]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<figureCitation id="13742A6FE01AD750FF1A120B0BF59B57" box="[151,255,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1532,1554]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,235,1508]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,229,1511]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Protoconchs of Nata and Natella. A, Nata dumeticola, Kommetjie, W. Cape (NMSA 2767). B, Nata tarachodes, Spes Bona bush, Cape Peninsula (NMSA V 9848). C, Nata vernicosa, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal (NMSA A 7114). D, Natella viridescens, Ithala Game Res., KwaZulu-Natal (NMSA V 2530). Scale bars = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266547/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figures 3</figureCitation>
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A, 4B, 6B, 7C, 15–18
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3556561E01AD750FF1A12C30AAA9CD2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF036EAE01AD750FF1A12C30FD49C2C" blockId="23.[151,1437,942,1274]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5F11C4E01AD750FF1A12C30FD49C2C" infered="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69E01AD750FF1A12C309069BEC" authority="Benson, 1851: 106" authorityName="Benson" authorityPageNumber="106" authorityYear="1851" box="[151,524,942,964]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dumeticola">
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E01AD750FF1A12C30A4F9BEC" box="[151,325,942,964]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Helix dumeticola</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEE10FBE01AD750FEC712C209069BEC" author="Benson" box="[330,524,942,964]" page="106" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1851">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BE01AD750FEC712C20AD39BEC" author="Benson" box="[330,473,942,964]" pageId="23" pageNumber="56" refString="Benson, W. H. (1851) Descriptions of five new species of Helix from the Cape of Good Hope, with remarks on the known South-African species and a notice of several Cape limaces. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 2, 7, 103 - 107." type="journal article" year="1851">Benson, 1851</bibRefCitation>
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: 106
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEE10FBE01AD750FD9812C209CE9BEC" author="Krauss" box="[533,708,942,964]" page="32" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1852">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BE01AD750FD9812C209959BEC" author="Krauss" box="[533,671,942,964]" pageId="23" pageNumber="57" refString="Krauss, F. (1852) Neue Kap'sche Mollusken, als Zusatz zu meiner Schrift: ' Die Sudafrikanischen Mollusken'. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 18, 29 - 40." type="journal article" year="1852">Krauss, 1852</bibRefCitation>
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: 32
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</treatmentCitation>
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. Pfeiffer, 1853: 93. Reeve, 1853: sp. 1172. Pfeiffer,
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<date id="FFF1102AE01AD750FAAE12C30E939BEC" box="[1315,1433,942,964]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1853" valueMax="1860">1853–1860</date>
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: 390, n o 937, pl. 143, figs 16–18.
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEE10FBE01AD750FD9B12BD09D39BCD" author="Benson" box="[534,729,975,997]" page="437" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1856">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BE01AD750FD9B12BD09AC9BCD" author="Benson" box="[534,678,975,997]" pageId="23" pageNumber="56" refString="Benson, W. H. (1856) New land snails collected by E. L. Layard, Esq. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 2, 8, 433 - 439." type="journal article" year="1856">Benson, 1856</bibRefCitation>
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: 437
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.
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loc.: various localities in the Cape Town–False Bay area cited; said to be ‘frequent in littoral thickets near Simon’s Town’ and this here selected to be the
|
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<typeStatus id="54F48848E01AD750FBD712820F8C9C2C" box="[1114,1158,1007,1028]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69E01AD750FF1A15600A9B9C0B" box="[151,401,1037,1059]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dumeticola" subGenus="Pella">
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E01AD750FF1A15600BC49C0B" box="[151,206,1037,1059]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Helix</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E01AD750FF5115600A1B9C0B" box="[220,273,1037,1059]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Pella</emphasis>
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)
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E01AD750FEAC15600A9B9C0B" box="[289,401,1037,1059]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">dumeticola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BE01AD750FE271560093C9C0B" author="Pfeiffer" box="[426,566,1037,1059]" pageId="23" pageNumber="58" refString="Pfeiffer, L. (1878 - 1881). Nomenclator heliceorum viventium. [Posthumous work edited by S. Clessin]. Fischer, Cassel, 617 pp. [Pp. 1 - 64, 1878; 65 - 192, 1879; 193 - 400, 1879 - 80; 401 - 546, 1881; 547 - 617, 1881; cf. Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005.]" type="book chapter" year="1879">
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Pfeiffer,
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in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BE01AD750FDDB156009809C0B" author="Pfeiffer" box="[598,650,1037,1059]" pageId="23" pageNumber="58" refString="Pfeiffer, L. (1878 - 1881) Nomenclator heliceorum viventium. Fischer, Cassel, 617 pp." type="book" year="1878">1878</bibRefCitation>
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–1881
|
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</date>
|
||
: 102.
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AEE10FBE01AD750FC85156308B39C0B" author="Tryon" box="[776,953,1037,1059]" page="106" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1887">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BE01AD750FC851563088D9C0B" author="Tryon" box="[776,903,1037,1059]" pageId="23" pageNumber="59" refString="Tryon, G. W. (1887) Helicidae. Vol. 1. Manual of Conchology, Series 2, 3, 1 - 313, 63 pls. [Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia]" type="journal article" year="1887">Tryon, 1887</bibRefCitation>
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: 106
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 20, fig. 79.
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69E01AD750FF1A15410A459C6A" box="[151,335,1068,1090]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Rhytida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vernicosa">
|
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E01AD750FF1A15410A459C6A" box="[151,335,1068,1090]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Rhytida vernicosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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[
|
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<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E01AD750FED015400A899C6A" box="[349,387,1069,1090]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">non</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BE01AD750FE04154009049C6A" author="Krauss" box="[393,526,1068,1090]" pageId="23" pageNumber="57" refString="Krauss, F. (1848) Die sudafrikanischen Mollusken. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss des Kap- und Natallandes und zur geographischen Verbreitung derselben, mit Beschreibung und Abbildung der neuen Arten. Ebner & Seubert, Stuttgart, ii + 140 pp, 6 pls." type="book" year="1848">Krauss, 1848</bibRefCitation>
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]—
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEE10FBE01AD750FDA2154109E79C6A" author="Binney" box="[559,749,1068,1090]" page="355" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1879">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BE01AD750FDA2154109B19C6A" author="Binney" box="[559,699,1068,1090]" pageId="23" pageNumber="56" refString="Binney, W. G. (1879) On certain North American species of Zonites, etc. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1, 355 - 362, pls. xiv - xv. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1749 - 6632.1879. tb 55133. x" type="journal article" year="1879">Binney, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 355
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 14, fig. 1 (radula).
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AEE10FBE01AD750FC5B15410F8C9C6A" author="Binney" box="[982,1158,1068,1090]" page="82" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1884">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BE01AD750FC5B15410F6A9C6A" author="Binney" box="[982,1120,1068,1090]" pageId="23" pageNumber="56" refString="Binney, W. G. (1884) Notes on the jaw and lingual dentition of pulmonate mollusks. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 3, 79 - 136, pls. ii - xvii. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1749 - 6632.1883. tb 56979. x" type="journal article" year="1884">Binney, 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 82
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 17, fig. L (radula).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF036EAE01AD750FF1A15270BED9C57" blockId="23.[151,1437,942,1274]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69E01AD750FF1A15270A6C9C48" box="[151,358,1098,1120]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Natalina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dumeticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E01AD750FF1A15270A6C9C48" box="[151,358,1098,1120]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Natalina dumeticola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
—Pilsbry,
|
||
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<date id="FFF1102AE01AD750FDA5152709979C48" box="[552,669,1098,1120]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1892" valueMax="1893">1892–1893</date>
|
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: 135.
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEE10FBE01AD750FD5615270F279C48" author="Melvill" box="[731,1069,1098,1120]" page="170" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1898">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BE01AD750FD56152708F09C48" author="Melvill" box="[731,1018,1098,1120]" pageId="23" pageNumber="58" refString="Melvill, J. C. & Ponsonby, J. H. (1898 b) A contribution towards a check-list of the non-marine molluscan fauna of South Africa. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 3, 166 - 184." type="journal article" year="1898" yearSuffix="b">Melvill & Ponsonby, 1898b</bibRefCitation>
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: 170
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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.
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AEE10FBE01AD750FBBA15270FE49C48" author="Sturany" box="[1079,1262,1098,1120]" page="32" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1898">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BE01AD750FBBA15270FC29C48" author="Sturany" box="[1079,1224,1098,1120]" pageId="23" pageNumber="59" refString="Sturany, R. (1898) Catalog der bisher bekannt gewordenen Sudafrikanischen Land- und Susswasser-Mollusken mit besonderer Berucksichtigung des von Dr Penther gesammelten Materiales. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen, Classe 67, 537 - 642. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12875" type="journal article" year="1898">Sturany, 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 32
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AEE10FBE01AD750FB7515270BE99C57" author="Connolly" page="93" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1912">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BE01AD750FB7515270E929C48" author="Connolly" box="[1272,1432,1098,1120]" pageId="23" pageNumber="57" refString="Connolly, M. (1912) Revised reference list of South African non-marine Mollusca; with descriptions of new species in the South African Museum. Annals of the South African Museum, 11, 9 - 306. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11477" type="journal article" year="1912">Connolly, 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 93
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF036EAE01AD750FF1A15EA089E9CB5" blockId="23.[151,1437,942,1274]" box="[151,916,1159,1181]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5F11C4E01AD750FF1A15EA089E9CB5" box="[151,916,1159,1181]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E01AD750FF1A15EA0A589CB5" box="[151,338,1159,1181]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69E01AD750FF2D15EA0A589CB5" authority="Melvill & Ponsonby, 1898a: 24" authorityName="Melvill & Ponsonby" authorityPageNumber="24" authorityYear="1898" box="[160,338,1159,1181]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Natalina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caffrula">Natalina caffrula</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AEE10FBE01AD750FED415EA09909CB5" author="Melvill" box="[345,666,1159,1181]" page="24" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1898">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BE01AD750FED415EA097E9CB5" author="Melvill" box="[345,628,1159,1181]" pageId="23" pageNumber="58" refString="Melvill, J. C. & Ponsonby, J. H. (1898 a) Descriptions of ten new species of terrestrial Mollusca from South Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 1, 24 - 29. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939808677918" type="journal article" year="1898" yearSuffix="a">Melvill & Ponsonby, 1898a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 24
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 8, fig. 1 [see above].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF036EAE01AD750FF1A15CB0E839C94" blockId="23.[151,1437,942,1274]" box="[151,1417,1190,1212]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5F11C4E01AD750FF1A15CB0E839C94" box="[151,1417,1190,1212]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69E01AD750FF1A15CB091E9C94" box="[151,532,1190,1212]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Rhytida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dumeticola" subGenus="Macrocycloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E01AD750FF1A15CB0BEC9C94" box="[151,230,1190,1212]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Rhytida</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E01AD750FF7915CB0A9F9C94" box="[244,405,1190,1212]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Macrocycloides</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E01AD750FE2915CB091E9C94" box="[420,532,1190,1212]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">dumeticola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BE01AD750FDA015CB08459C94" author="Mollendorff" box="[557,847,1190,1212]" pageId="23" pageNumber="58" refString="Mollendorff, O. von & Kobelt, W. (1903 - 1905) Die Raublungenschnecken (Agnatha). Abtheilung 1. Rhytididae & Enneidae. In: Kuster, H. C. Martini, F. H. W. & Chemnitz, J. H. (Eds.), Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet. Vol. 1. 2 nd Edition. Part 12 b. Bauer & Raspe, Nurnburg, pp. 1 - 362, pls. 1 - 41. [Pp. 1 - 72, pls 1 - 12 = 1903; pp. 73 - 296, pls 13 - 35 = 1904; pp. 297 - 362, pls 36 - 41 = 1905, dates fide Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005.]" type="journal article" year="1903">Möllendorff & Kobelt, 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in
|
||
<date id="FFF1102AE01AD750FCF915CB08E09C94" box="[884,1002,1190,1212]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1903" valueMax="1905">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BE01AD750FCF915CB08A29C94" author="Mollendorff" box="[884,936,1190,1212]" pageId="23" pageNumber="58" refString="Mollendorff, O. von & Kobelt, W. (1903 - 1905) Die Raublungenschnecken (Agnatha). Abtheilung 1. Rhytididae & Enneidae. In: Kuster, H. C. Martini, F. H. W. & Chemnitz, J. H. (Eds.), Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet. Vol. 1. 2 nd Edition. Part 12 b. Bauer & Raspe, Nurnburg, pp. 1 - 362, pls. 1 - 41. [Pp. 1 - 72, pls 1 - 12 = 1903; pp. 73 - 296, pls 13 - 35 = 1904; pp. 297 - 362, pls 36 - 41 = 1905, dates fide Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005.]" type="journal article" year="1903">1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–1905
|
||
</date>
|
||
: 59, pl. 10, figs 20–22.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AEE10FBE01AD750FB5515CB0E8F9C94" author="Kobelt" box="[1240,1413,1190,1212]" page="53" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1909">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BE01AD750FB5515CB0E559C94" author="Kobelt" box="[1240,1375,1190,1212]" pageId="23" pageNumber="57" refString="Kobelt, W. (1909) Die Molluskenausbeute der erlangerschen Reise in Nordost-Afrika. Zweite Abteilung. Verzeichnis der aus Afrika bekannten Binnenconchylien. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 32, 53 - 97." type="journal article" year="1909">Kobelt, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 53
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF036EAE01AD750FF1A15AB0AAA9CD2" blockId="23.[151,1437,942,1274]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5F11C4E01AD750FF1A15AB0AAA9CD2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69E01AD750FF1A15AB0A489CF3" box="[151,322,1221,1243]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Nata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pulmonata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dumeticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E01AD750FF1A15AB0A489CF3" box="[151,322,1221,1243]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Nata dumeticola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AEE10FBE01AD750FED115AB09289CF3" author="Watson" box="[348,546,1221,1243]" page="158" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1934">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BE01AD750FED115AB0AE69CF3" author="Watson" box="[348,492,1221,1243]" pageId="23" pageNumber="59" refString="Watson, H. (1934) Natalina and other South African snails. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 21, 150 - 193." type="journal article" year="1934">Watson, 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 158
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 19, fig. 9 (radula tooth).
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AEE10FBE01AD750FCD615A80F3E9CF3" author="Connolly" box="[859,1076,1221,1243]" page="101" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1939">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BE01AD750FCD615A808F49CF3" author="Connolly" box="[859,1022,1221,1243]" pageId="23" pageNumber="57" refString="Connolly, M. (1939) A monographic survey of South African non-marine Mollusca. Annals of the South African Museum, 33, 1 - 660." type="journal article" year="1939">Connolly, 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 101
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AEE10FBE01AD750FBCC15A80E299CF3" author="Richardson" box="[1089,1315,1221,1243]" page="45" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1989">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BE01AD750FBCC15A80FF09CF3" author="Richardson" box="[1089,1274,1221,1243]" pageId="23" pageNumber="58" refString="Richardson, C. L. (1989) Streptaxacea: a catalog of species. Part II; Ammonitellidae, Chlamydephoridae, Haplotrematidae, Rhytididae, Systrophiidae. Tryonia, 18, 1 - 154." type="journal article" year="1989">Richardson, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 45
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AEE10FBE01AD750FABD15A80A3A9CD2" author="Schileyko" page="747" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="2000">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BE01AD750FABD15A80BF49CD2" author="Schileyko" pageId="23" pageNumber="58" refString="Schileyko, A. A. (2000) Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs. Part 6. Rhytididae, Chlamydephoridae, Systrophiidae, Haplotrematidae, Streptaxidae, Spiraxidae, Oleacinidae, Testacellidae. Ruthenica, 2 (Supplement), 729 - 880." type="journal article" year="2000">Schileyko, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 747
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 973C.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3556561E01AD750FF1A144B0E859D17" box="[151,1423,1318,1343]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF036EAE01AD750FF1A144B0E859D17" blockId="23.[151,1436,1318,2027]" box="[151,1423,1318,1343]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E01AD750FF1A144B0A149D17" bold="true" box="[151,286,1318,1343]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
From
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E01AD750FEE5144B0AC59D17" box="[360,463,1318,1343]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">dumetum</emphasis>
|
||
(L.)–a thicket,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69E01AD750FDF1144B09F29D17" box="[636,760,1318,1343]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Nata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pulmonata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dumeticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E01AD750FDF1144B09F29D17" box="[636,760,1318,1343]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">dumeticola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–thicket dweller; with reference to its coastal scrub habitat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3556561E01AD750FF4A1427090E9E8F" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF036EAE01AD750FF4A1427084B9DE7" blockId="23.[151,1436,1318,2027]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E01AD750FF4A14270A7E9D4B" bold="true" box="[199,372,1354,1379]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F48848E01AD750FF4A14270A089D4B" box="[199,258,1354,1379]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Three probable
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F48848E01AD750FDA6142609879D4B" box="[555,653,1355,1379]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5EAE2FE01AD750FD3D142608109D4A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[688,794,1355,1378]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
(1912.8.16.206–8), labelled ‘S. Africa’ ‘Benson’s types’. Connolly’s statement ‘
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F48848E01AD750FE1A14020AC69DAF" box="[407,460,1391,1415]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
|
||
in British Museum’ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BE01AD750FD41140308779DAF" author="Connolly" box="[716,893,1390,1415]" pageId="23" pageNumber="57" refString="Connolly, M. (1912) Revised reference list of South African non-marine Mollusca; with descriptions of new species in the South African Museum. Annals of the South African Museum, 11, 9 - 306. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11477" type="journal article" year="1912">Connolly 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 93, repeated 1939: 102) does not constitute a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F48848E01AD750FF1A14FF0BF49D83" box="[151,254,1426,1451]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
designation as no one individual was clearly specified. The largest of the three is here illustrated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13742A6FE01AD750FAE214FF0BBB9DE7" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1645,1667]" captionTargetBox="[170,1426,399,1614]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[165,1429,393,1621]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 15. Nata dumeticola (Benson, 1851). A – C, lectotype of Helix dumeticola Benson, 1851, ‘ S. Africa’, diameter 11.4 mm (NHMUK 1912.8.16.206 – 208). D – F, Robben Island, mid-sized specimen, diameter 10.4 mm (NMSA V 8258). G, Strandfontein, lenticular subadult specimen, diameter 9.6 mm (NMSA W 7522). H, I, Saldanha Bay area, Jacobsbaai, large subglobose specimens, diameter respectively 14.2 mm and 12.8 mm (NMSA V 7760). J, Cape Peninsula, Connolly, diameter 9.6 mm (NHMUK 1937.12.30.1360 – 66)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266559/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C) and designated as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F48848E01AD750FE6314DB095E9DE7" box="[494,596,1462,1487]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4CB79B0FE01AD750FD4314DA083F9DE7" box="[718,821,1463,1487]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="11.4">11.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF036EAE01AD750FF4A14B70F0E9DDB" blockId="23.[151,1436,1318,2027]" box="[199,1028,1498,1523]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E01AD750FF4A14B708489DDB" bold="true" box="[199,834,1498,1523]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Additional material examined and literature records:</emphasis>
|
||
See Appendix 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF036EAE01AD750FF4A1493090E9E8F" blockId="23.[151,1436,1318,2027]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E01AD750FF4A14930A7A9E3F" bold="true" box="[199,368,1534,1559]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Identification.</emphasis>
|
||
The relatively strong, crisp and close-set axial riblets on the adapical surface, combined with the rather globose profile of adult specimens renders this species distinctive. Juveniles and subadults may resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69E01AD750FF1A172A0A499E77" box="[151,323,1606,1631]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Nata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pulmonata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aequiplicata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E01AD750FF1A172A0A499E77" box="[151,323,1606,1631]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">N. aequiplicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2085783E01AD750FEC4172B0AA89E77" box="[329,418,1606,1631]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E01AD750FEC4172B0AA89E77" bold="true" box="[329,418,1606,1631]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, but in that species the axial riblets are more widely spaced and remain distinct on the base, and its protoconch is considerably smaller.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69E01AD750FD07170608209EAB" box="[650,810,1642,1667]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Nata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pulmonata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tarachodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E01AD750FD07170608209EAB" box="[650,810,1642,1667]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">N. tarachodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has more rapidly expanding whorls, less regular axial sculpture and is more depressed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3556561E01AD75DFF4A17DF087499F8" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF036EAE01AD750FF4A17DF0F919FC3" blockId="23.[151,1436,1318,2027]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E01AD750FF4A17DF0A739EE3" bold="true" box="[199,377,1714,1739]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Shell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13742A6FE01AD750FE9E17DF0A609EE3" box="[275,362,1714,1739]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1645,1667]" captionTargetBox="[170,1426,399,1614]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[165,1429,393,1621]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 15. Nata dumeticola (Benson, 1851). A – C, lectotype of Helix dumeticola Benson, 1851, ‘ S. Africa’, diameter 11.4 mm (NHMUK 1912.8.16.206 – 208). D – F, Robben Island, mid-sized specimen, diameter 10.4 mm (NMSA V 8258). G, Strandfontein, lenticular subadult specimen, diameter 9.6 mm (NMSA W 7522). H, I, Saldanha Bay area, Jacobsbaai, large subglobose specimens, diameter respectively 14.2 mm and 12.8 mm (NMSA V 7760). J, Cape Peninsula, Connolly, diameter 9.6 mm (NHMUK 1937.12.30.1360 – 66)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266559/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Lenticular to sub-globose, spire frequently relatively elevated; largest specimens comprising ±3.25 teleoconch whorls; periphery close to mid-whorl in small specimens (diameter <10.0 mm) but usually well below mid-whorl in the largest individuals; suture just above periphery, slightly descendant prior to aperture in some large specimens. Protoconch 1.6–2.0 mm in diameter, comprising ±1.0 whorl, smooth and glossy, junction with teleoconch usually evident. Apical surface of teleoconch sculptured with distinct, close-set, axial riblets; riblets evanesce at periphery and base smoother, sculptured primarily by uneven growth-lines. Aperture roundly ovate; peristome interrupted by bulging parietal region; outer lip thin with membranous periostracal fringe (commonly lost); base and umbilical margin evenly rounded; umbilicus relatively narrow and steep-sided, particularly in large individuals; columella lip weakly reflected, but only in large specimens
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF036EAE015D75FFF4A11FA098898FD" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,357]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Shell translucent milky-white; periostracum semi-matt to glossy, straw-yellow to olive-brown or tan, usually with some slight axial variation in intensity.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF036EAE015D75FFF4A11B20987994D" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,357]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Dimensions: Largest specimen, diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4CB79B0FE015D75FFD1A118D09F798DF" box="[663,765,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.43" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="14.3">14.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, height
|
||
<quantity id="4CB79B0FE015D75FFCD8118D08A498DF" box="[853,942,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="9.1">9.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; H:D of adults 0.57–0.78 [N=22].
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E015D75FFF4A10690AE19935" bold="true" box="[199,491,260,285]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Living animal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13742A6FE015D75FFE0D10690ACD9935" box="[384,455,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1791,1813]" captionTargetBox="[184,1395,199,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[184,1396,193,1762]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Living animals of Nata and Natella. A, Nata aequiplicata sp. nov., holotype, Stinkhoutkloof, E. Cape, shell diameter 6.5 mm (NMSA W 9248 / T 3066). B, Nata dumeticola, West Coast National Park, W. Cape, shell diameter 10.8 mm (NMSA W 3224). C, Nata erugata sp. nov., Tullach-Mohr, Nelspruit area, Mpumalanga, shell diameter 20 mm (MV ex NMSA W 3301). D, Nata tarachodes, Grootbos Private Nat. Res., Gansbaai, W. Cape, shell diameter 7.7 mm (NMSA W 5658). E, Nata watsoni sp. nov., Hankey, E. Cape, shell diameter 7.5 mm (paratype NMSA W 6524 / T 3921). F, Nata watsoni sp. nov. Camdeboo National Park, Graaff-Reinet, E. Cape, shell diameter 13.0 mm (paratype, NMSA W 6091 / T 2303). G, Nata vernicosa, Vernon Crookes Nat. Res., KwaZulu-Natal, shell diameter 14.0 mm (NMSA W 8020). H, Natella viridescens, Ithala Game Res., KwaZulu-Natal, shell diameter 3.7 mm (NMSA W 7263)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266548/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Head-foot pale grey, neck region with relatively coarse, darker grey skin granules; longitudinal mid-line grooves somewhat fragmented by granulation; optic tentacles smooth, with dark grey retractor muscles (data from one individual).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF306662E015D75FFF1A170009339ED5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266559/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" targetBox="[170,1426,399,1614]" targetPageId="24">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF036EAE015D75FFF1A170009339ED5" blockId="24.[151,1436,1645,1789]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E015D75FFF1A17000A2A9EAB" bold="true" box="[151,288,1645,1667]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69E015D75FFEA5170309739EAB" authority="Benson, 1851" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1851" box="[296,633,1645,1667]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Nata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pulmonata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dumeticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E015D75FFEA517030ADB9EAB" box="[296,465,1645,1667]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Nata dumeticola</emphasis>
|
||
(Benson, 1851)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E015D75FFD09170009B19EAB" bold="true" box="[644,699,1645,1667]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A–C,</emphasis>
|
||
lectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69E015D75FFCC917000F839EAB" authority="Benson, 1851" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1851" box="[836,1161,1645,1667]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dumeticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E015D75FFCC9170008FE9EAB" box="[836,1012,1645,1667]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Helix dumeticola</emphasis>
|
||
Benson, 1851
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ‘S. Africa’, diameter 11.4 mm (NHMUK 1912.8.16.206–208).
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E015D75FFDAC17E109599E8A" bold="true" box="[545,595,1676,1698]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">D–F,</emphasis>
|
||
Robben Island, mid-sized specimen, diameter 10.4 mm (NMSA V8258).
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E015D75FFA0817E10E939E8A" bold="true" box="[1413,1433,1676,1698]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G,</emphasis>
|
||
Strandfontein, lenticular subadult specimen, diameter 9.6 mm (NMSA W7522).
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E015D75FFC5317C70F189EE8" bold="true" box="[990,1042,1706,1728]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">H, I,</emphasis>
|
||
Saldanha Bay area, Jacobsbaai, large subglobose specimens, diameter respectively 14.2 mm and 12.8 mm (NMSA V7760).
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E015D75FFB9F17A40F2E9EF7" bold="true" box="[1042,1060,1737,1759]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">J,</emphasis>
|
||
Cape Peninsula, Connolly, diameter 9.6 mm (NHMUK 1937.12.30.1360–66).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF036EAE015D75FFF4A16480A999FDA" blockId="24.[151,1436,1829,2034]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E015D75FFF4A16480AC39F16" bold="true" box="[199,457,1829,1854]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Radula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13742A6FE015D75FFEA316480A729F16" box="[302,376,1829,1854]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,339,1464]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,338,1471]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Radulae of Nata and Natella, automontage light micrographs of half-row portions of stained radula mounts. A, Nata aequiplicata sp. nov., type locality (paratype, NMSA W 9249 / T 3067). B, Nata dumeticola, Jacobsbaai, W. Cape (NMSA V 7760). C, Nata erugata sp. nov., Golden Gate Highlands National Park, Free State (paratype, NMSA W 4243 / T 3913). D, Nata tarachodes, Oubos, W. Cape (NMSA W 5671). E, Nata watsoni sp. nov., Graaff-Reinet, E. Cape (paratype, NMSA W 6091 / T 2303). F, Natella viridescens, Ithala Game Res., KwaZulu-Natal (NMSA V 2530). Scale bars: A = 100 µm; B = 200 µm; C – E = 250 µm; F = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266550/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 6</figureCitation>
|
||
B, 16):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Formula 0+(14–22); length up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CB79B0FE015D75FFCDF164808A69F15" box="[850,940,1829,1854]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="5.7">5.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, with approx. 55 broadly V-shaped rows of teeth; no obvious distinction between lateral and marginal series; teeth progressively increasing in length and width, then decreasing in size, and more rapidly so toward radula margin; inner teeth with curved, claw-like cusp; subsequent mid-series teeth progressively larger, broader and more quadrate with a curved outer cutting edge, sometimes leading to an ill-defined apical cusp; outer teeth progressively smaller, lanceolate to spathulate, the outermost one minute.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF306662E014D75EFF1A148C0FB59E1C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266560/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" targetBox="[154,1431,199,1477]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF036EAE014D75EFF1A148C0FB59E1C" blockId="25.[151,1436,1505,1588]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E014D75EFF1A148C0A289DDF" bold="true" box="[151,290,1505,1527]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69E014D75EFEA6148F098A9DDF" authority="Benson, 1851" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1851" box="[299,640,1505,1527]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Nata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pulmonata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dumeticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E014D75EFEA6148F0ADC9DDF" box="[299,470,1505,1527]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Nata dumeticola</emphasis>
|
||
(Benson, 1851)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, radula, Saldanha Bay area, Jacobsbaai (NMSA V7760).
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E014D75EFB56148C0FFE9DDF" bold="true" box="[1243,1268,1505,1527]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A,</emphasis>
|
||
whole width of radula approx. one-quarter to one-third of length from anterior end, the wide median gap is an artefact of preparation.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E014D75EFAC3176D0E6F9E3E" bold="true" box="[1358,1381,1536,1558]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">B,</emphasis>
|
||
right inner latero-marginal series.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E014D75EFE3417730AD89E1C" bold="true" box="[441,466,1566,1588]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C,</emphasis>
|
||
left outer latero-marginal series. Scale bars: A = 250 µm; B, C = 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF036EAE014D75EFF4A173109F19EC9" blockId="25.[151,1436,1628,2013]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Teeth at anterior of radula smaller and more numerous, becoming fewer and larger toward posterior. In one specimen, near the anterior of the radula (juvenile portion) the largest teeth in each half-row were numbers 13–15 (of 22), in the mid region numbers 8–10 (of 18) and in the posterior third numbers 6–8 (of 15). The dentition thus becomes coarser and more robust as the animal grows.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF036EAE014D75EFF4A178009049F59" blockId="25.[151,1436,1628,2013]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BE014D75EFF4A17800A619F2D" author="Watson" box="[199,363,1773,1797]" pageId="25" pageNumber="59" refString="Watson, H. (1934) Natalina and other South African snails. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 21, 150 - 193." type="journal article" year="1934">Watson (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
has pointed out that the radula illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BE014D75EFCE917810F0A9F2D" author="Binney" box="[868,1024,1772,1797]" pageId="25" pageNumber="56" refString="Binney, W. G. (1879) On certain North American species of Zonites, etc. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1, 355 - 362, pls. xiv - xv. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1749 - 6632.1879. tb 55133. x" type="journal article" year="1879">Binney (1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BE014D75EFB8617800F4E9F2D" author="Binney" box="[1035,1092,1773,1797]" pageId="25" pageNumber="56" refString="Binney, W. G. (1884) Notes on the jaw and lingual dentition of pulmonate mollusks. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 3, 79 - 136, pls. ii - xvii. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1749 - 6632.1883. tb 56979. x" type="journal article" year="1884">1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69E014D75EFB3217800E609F2C" box="[1215,1386,1773,1796]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Nata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pulmonata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vernicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E014D75EFB3217800E609F2C" box="[1215,1386,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Nata vernicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was certainly not correctly identified and in all probability belonged to a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69E014D75EFBE5167C0E2C9F01" box="[1128,1318,1808,1833]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Nata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pulmonata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dumeticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E014D75EFBE5167C0E2C9F01" box="[1128,1318,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Nata dumeticola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although puzzlingly his figure did not show the L-shaped basal attachment of the larger teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13742A6FE014D75EFBD916590F929F65" box="[1108,1176,1844,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,339,1464]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,338,1471]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Radulae of Nata and Natella, automontage light micrographs of half-row portions of stained radula mounts. A, Nata aequiplicata sp. nov., type locality (paratype, NMSA W 9249 / T 3067). B, Nata dumeticola, Jacobsbaai, W. Cape (NMSA V 7760). C, Nata erugata sp. nov., Golden Gate Highlands National Park, Free State (paratype, NMSA W 4243 / T 3913). D, Nata tarachodes, Oubos, W. Cape (NMSA W 5671). E, Nata watsoni sp. nov., Graaff-Reinet, E. Cape (paratype, NMSA W 6091 / T 2303). F, Natella viridescens, Ithala Game Res., KwaZulu-Natal (NMSA V 2530). Scale bars: A = 100 µm; B = 200 µm; C – E = 250 µm; F = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266550/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
B), probably due to the use of different staining methods.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF036EAE014D75DFF4A1611087499F8" blockId="25.[151,1436,1628,2013]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1437,151,464]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E014D75EFF4A16110AFF9FBD" bold="true" box="[199,501,1916,1941]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Distal genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13742A6FE014D75EFE0316110AEC9FBD" box="[398,486,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1237,1259]" captionTargetBox="[200,1370,527,1214]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[196,1383,517,1217]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 17. Nata dumeticola (Benson, 1851), genitalia. A, entire genital tract, minus ovotestis (NMSA V 8258). B, internal features of penis (NMSA W 3224). Abbreviations: ag, albumen gland; bc, bursa copulatrix; bd, bursa copulatrix duct; ep, epiphallus; epp, epiphallus pore; ga, genital atrium; hd, hermaphrodite duct; p, penis; pil, penis pilaster; pr, penial retractor muscle; sod, spermoviduct; v, vagina; vd, vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266561/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Genital pore situated approx. midway between pneumostome and tentacles; right optic tentacle retractor passing to left of penis. Penis of moderate length (±
|
||
<quantity id="4CB79B0FE014D75EFC7F16CD0F459F90" box="[1010,1103,1952,1976]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
), broadest in apical half with basal region conspicuously narrow in some specimens; insertion of epiphallus lateral, approx. one-third length of penis from its apex; interior of penis with a raised pilaster overlying adnate epiphallus; an elongate subapical pore opens on pilaster crest; pore with lobate lips; interior of pore with a second set of lips surrounding narrowly elongate opening of epiphallus; remainder of swollen apical half of penis lumen covered with micropapillae; basal half of penis with fine, ill-defined longitudinal folds. Penial retractor muscle attached at apex of penis; epiphallus one-third to half length of penis; vas deferens passes down to penis base and then runs somewhat sinuously beside free oviduct before joining spermoviduct. Genital atrium simple and vagina almost non-existent, the free oviduct and bursa copulatrix duct seeming to arise directly from upper part of atrium. Bursa copulatrix and its duct about three-quarters length of spermoviduct, basal half of duct swollen, lined internally with ill-defined longitudinal folds, distal half narrow; bursa copulatrix itself ovate, thin-walled.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF306662E017D75DFF1A15B809CC9D6F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266561/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" targetBox="[200,1370,527,1214]" targetPageId="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF036EAE017D75DFF1A15B809CC9D6F" blockId="26.[151,1436,1237,1351]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E017D75DFF1A15B80A2B9CC3" bold="true" box="[151,289,1237,1259]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69E017D75DFEA515BB09709CC3" authority="Benson, 1851" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1851" box="[296,634,1237,1259]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Nata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pulmonata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dumeticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E017D75DFEA515BB0AD89CC3" box="[296,466,1237,1259]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Nata dumeticola</emphasis>
|
||
(Benson, 1851)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, genitalia.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E017D75DFD6715B808099CC3" bold="true" box="[746,771,1237,1259]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A,</emphasis>
|
||
entire genital tract, minus ovotestis (NMSA V8258).
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E017D75DFABD15B80E4D9CC3" bold="true" box="[1328,1351,1237,1259]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">B,</emphasis>
|
||
internal features of penis (NMSA W3224). Abbreviations: ag, albumen gland; bc, bursa copulatrix; bd, bursa copulatrix duct; ep, epiphallus; epp, epiphallus pore; ga, genital atrium; hd, hermaphrodite duct; p, penis; pil, penis pilaster; pr, penial retractor muscle; sod, spermoviduct; v, vagina; vd, vas deferens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3556561E017D75DFF4A14030E979E3F" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF036EAE017D75DFF4A14030A259DDB" blockId="26.[151,1437,1390,2027]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E017D75DFF4A14030ADB9DAF" bold="true" box="[199,465,1390,1415]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Distribution (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13742A6FE017D75DFEE714030AC89DAF" box="[362,450,1390,1415]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1068,1090]" captionTargetBox="[228,1359,196,1047]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[226,1360,193,1049]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 18. Distribution of Nata dumeticola (Benson, 1851). Triangles with a white centre indicate localities for specimens used in DNA analyses (Moussalli & Herbert 2016); contour at 1000 m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266562/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Known primarily from the coastal hinterland along the Atlantic Cape coast, from St Helena Bay south to the Cape Peninsula and north-western shores of False Bay. An additional record from Garies in Namaqualand (SAMC A7719), though not impossible, is substantially further to the north and requires confirmation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF036EAE017D75DFF4A14930E979E3F" blockId="26.[151,1437,1390,2027]" box="[199,1437,1534,1559]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E017D75DFF4A14930A209E3F" bold="true" box="[199,298,1534,1559]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Coastal scrub and fynbos; in sandy soil and accumulations of plant debris beneath shrubs and bushes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3556561E017D75DFF4A174F0BEA9F1F" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF036EAE017D75DFF4A174F0E889EAB" blockId="26.[151,1437,1390,2027]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E017D75DFF4A174F0A319E13" bold="true" box="[199,315,1570,1595]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
A variable species in terms of shell proportions. Juvenile and subadult specimens are relatively low and lenticular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13742A6FE017D75DFECE172B0A989E77" box="[323,402,1606,1631]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1645,1667]" captionTargetBox="[170,1426,399,1614]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[165,1429,393,1621]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 15. Nata dumeticola (Benson, 1851). A – C, lectotype of Helix dumeticola Benson, 1851, ‘ S. Africa’, diameter 11.4 mm (NHMUK 1912.8.16.206 – 208). D – F, Robben Island, mid-sized specimen, diameter 10.4 mm (NMSA V 8258). G, Strandfontein, lenticular subadult specimen, diameter 9.6 mm (NMSA W 7522). H, I, Saldanha Bay area, Jacobsbaai, large subglobose specimens, diameter respectively 14.2 mm and 12.8 mm (NMSA V 7760). J, Cape Peninsula, Connolly, diameter 9.6 mm (NHMUK 1937.12.30.1360 – 66)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266559/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
G, J), but in larger individuals the last adult whorl is considerably deeper and its periphery usually situated well below mid-whorl, giving the shell a more elevated and more globose form (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13742A6FE017D75DFB5917070E299EAB" box="[1236,1315,1642,1667]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1645,1667]" captionTargetBox="[170,1426,399,1614]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[165,1429,393,1621]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 15. Nata dumeticola (Benson, 1851). A – C, lectotype of Helix dumeticola Benson, 1851, ‘ S. Africa’, diameter 11.4 mm (NHMUK 1912.8.16.206 – 208). D – F, Robben Island, mid-sized specimen, diameter 10.4 mm (NMSA V 8258). G, Strandfontein, lenticular subadult specimen, diameter 9.6 mm (NMSA W 7522). H, I, Saldanha Bay area, Jacobsbaai, large subglobose specimens, diameter respectively 14.2 mm and 12.8 mm (NMSA V 7760). J, Cape Peninsula, Connolly, diameter 9.6 mm (NHMUK 1937.12.30.1360 – 66)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266559/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
A, H, I).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF036EAE017D75DFF4A17E20BEA9F1F" blockId="26.[151,1437,1390,2027]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69E017D75DFF4A17E20A8E9E8F" box="[199,388,1678,1703]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Nata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pulmonata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dumeticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E017D75DFF4A17E20A8E9E8F" box="[199,388,1678,1703]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Nata dumeticola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only rhytidid occurring on the Atlantic Cape coast north of Table Mountain and the Cape Peninsula. Although the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69E017D75DFDD817D909F99EE3" box="[597,755,1714,1739]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Nata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pulmonata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tarachodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E017D75DFDD817D909F99EE3" box="[597,755,1714,1739]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">N. tarachodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
extends westward to the Cape Peninsula, in these areas it is generally found at higher altitudes and further from the coast than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69E017D75DFC1417BA0F329EC7" box="[921,1080,1750,1775]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Nata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pulmonata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dumeticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E017D75DFC1417BA0F329EC7" box="[921,1080,1750,1775]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">N. dumeticola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the two species evidently rarely co-occur. Has been observed feeding on the invasive snail
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D69E017D75DFCE417970FA09F3B" authority="Muller, 1774" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[873,1194,1786,1811]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hygromiidae" genus="Theba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pisana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E017D75DFCE417970F0A9F3B" box="[873,1024,1786,1811]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Theba pisana</emphasis>
|
||
(Müller, 1774)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(W. Sirgel,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E017D75DFAA317910E639F3B" box="[1326,1385,1786,1811]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">in lit.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFF1102AE017D75DFAFB17970BDE9F1F" bridgedPair="/" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2012-07">vii/ 2012</date>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3556561E017D75DFF4A162F0A1F9FC3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF036EAE017D75DFF4A162F0A1F9FC3" blockId="26.[151,1437,1390,2027]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BEAF8E017D75DFF4A162F0A659F73" bold="true" box="[199,367,1858,1883]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Preservation of the delicate strandveld and sand fynbos habitats on the Atlantic Cape coast between Cape Point and St Helena Bay will be necessary for the conservation of this species. Much of the remaining natural habitat in this area is considered vulnerable or endangered (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B1BE017D75DFB9716E70E569F8B" author="Mucina" box="[1050,1372,1930,1955]" pageId="26" pageNumber="58" refString="Mucina, L. & Rutherford, M. C. (2006) The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Strelitzia. Vol. 19. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, viii + 807 pp." type="book" year="2006">Mucina & Rutherford 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The West Coast National Park and the coastal parts of Table Mountain National Park have a significant role to play in this regard.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |