treatments-xml/data/03/E6/87/03E687A7FFAEFFD9FF278936D4FDFC07.xml

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<mods:title id="88F65DECE48098D6CF83480E8E6BB21D">A new species of Heterocondylus (Eupatorieae, Asteraceae) from Serra do Brigadeiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="95A2F7A0BF894D0792EFC554CB2DCB2D">Lopes, Isabel T. F. V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C368367FCCD088F3A603608CACC6F58D">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Biologia, campus Umuarama, Rua Ceará s / n, CEP 38400 - 902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1481E46FC02C3BF937D9D1A82113CBF6">Marques, Danilo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="59DFC3A50DFB21F8FBCBA1B0936C8DFB">Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Sistemática, Uso e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Av. Mister Hull s / n, campus do Pici, 60440 - 900, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D32FFAEFFDCFF278936D461FB25" ID-CoL="8SLD4" authority="I.T.F.V. Lopes &amp; J.N. Nakaj." authorityName="I. T. F. V. Lopes &amp; J. N. Nakaj." authorityYear="2021" box="[136,806,1140,1167]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Heterocondylus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="penninervius" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFAEFFDCFF278936D69BFB25" bold="true" box="[136,476,1140,1167]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Heterocondylus penninervius</emphasis>
I.T.F.V. Lopes &amp; J.N. Nakaj.
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(
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Shrub erect; branches costate and glabrous. Leaves decussate, sessile, concentrated in the lower part of the stem; blade narrowly elliptical to narrowly lanceolate, apex acute to long acute, base truncate, pinnate venation. Capitulescence corymbiform; flat receptacle with scars. Florets ca. 42, corolla infundibuliform, ca. 
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long, lobes triangular, style with cylindrical appendages, enlarged and glabrous stylopodium. Cypselae prismatic, base stipitate, glutinous, carpopodium cylindrical, asymmetrical.
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:— 
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das 3 
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1616 &amp; 
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!, isotypes 
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!, 
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—Shrub erect, 
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tall; branches striate, reddish-brown, glabrous, inferior internodes ca. 
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long, upper 
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long. Leaves sessile, decussate, discolor, ascendent, concentrated in the lower part of the stem and sparse near the capitulescence, blade narrowly elliptical to narrowly lanceolate, 5.5–20.5 × 
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, membranaceous to cartaceous, apex acute to attenuate, base truncate, margin entire, revolute, both surfaces glabrous, venation pinnate, main vein protuberant, glabrous, sulcate. Capitulescence corymbiform, axis glabrous, sulcate; capitula with peduncles ca. 
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long, homogamous, discoid, 10–17 × 
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; subinvolucral bracteole elliptical to lanceolate, ca. 7–9 × 
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, apex cuneate to acute, margin entire, glabrous; involucre campanulate, phyllaries ca. 24, 4- seriate, membranaceous, cream-greenish to cream-brownish, glabrescent, apex and margin pink to lilac, margin entire, serrulate to denticulate or erose, glutinous; outer phyllaries elliptical to oblong-ovate, 4 × 
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, apex obtuse, ciliate; intermediate phyllaries elliptical to oblong, 7 × 
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, apex obtuse, ciliate; inner phyllaries linear to oblanceolate, 9 × 
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, apex obtuse to cuneate or rounded, ciliate; receptacle flat, epaleaceous, glabrous, with carpopodium insertion scars. Florets ca. 42, hermaphroditic, corolla actinomorphic, infundibuliform, white to lilac, glabrous, tube ca. 
<quantity id="4CB79B54FFAEFFDCFA278A06D7F1F828" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5 mm</quantity>
, base attenuate, lobes triangular, 0.9–1.2 × 
<quantity id="4CB79B54FFAEFFDCFD038A2AD441F828" box="[684,774,1896,1923]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
, erect, externally short-pilose or glabrous; anther glabrous, apical anther appendage obtuse, base obtuse, anther collar cylindrical; style with branches cylindrical, base elongated, glabrous. Cypsela prismatic, base slightly stipitate, ca. 
<quantity id="4CB79B54FFAEFFDCFD538AF2D406F860" box="[764,833,1968,1995]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
, 5-costate, glutinous, setose, carpopodium cylindrical, asymmetrical. Pappus barbellate-setose, white, ca. 
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long, uniseriate, bristles ca. 30, free, deciduous.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C355653AFFADFFD9FF128DDCD5C6FE3A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF036B1FFADFFDFFF128DDCD432FEAA" blockId="2.[136,1452,158,293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFADFFDFFF128DDCD6B2FF13" bold="true" box="[189,501,158,184]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Distribution and habitat:</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D32FFADFFDFFDBE8DDCD427FF13" box="[529,864,158,184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Heterocondylus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="penninervius">
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFADFFDFFDBE8DDCD427FF13" box="[529,864,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Heterocondylus penninervius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs on shallow soil patches of granitic rocky outcrops of “campos de altitude” from Serra do Brigadeiro State Park. This species is known only from the locality called “Serra das Três Cabeças”, at an elevation of around 
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF036B1FFADFFDFFF128C48D3C1FE8F" blockId="2.[136,1452,158,293]" box="[189,1158,266,293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFADFFDFFF128C48D690FE8F" bold="true" box="[189,471,266,292]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Flowering and fruiting:</emphasis>
—It flowers from May to September and fruits in September.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF306639FFADFFDFFF278A89D608F783" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5606581" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5606581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5606581/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" startId="2.[136,229,1995,2017]" targetBox="[153,1432,328,1965]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BF036B1FFADFFDFFF278A89D608F783" blockId="2.[136,1452,1995,2089]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFADFFDFFF278A89D647F84B" bold="true" box="[136,256,1995,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D32FFADFFDFFEA78A89D597F84B" authority="(Isotype HUFU)" baseAuthorityName="Isotype HUFU" box="[264,720,1995,2017]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Heterocondylus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="penninervius">
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFADFFDFFEA78A89D564F84A" box="[264,547,1995,2017]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Heterocondylus penninervius</emphasis>
(Isotype HUFU)
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFADFFDFFD748A89D5B4F84B" bold="true" box="[731,755,1995,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">A.</emphasis>
Habit. 
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFADFFDFFC918A89D413F84B" bold="true" box="[830,852,1995,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">B.</emphasis>
Leaf, abaxial surface with pinnate venation. 
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFADFFDFFABA8A89D26BF84A" bold="true" box="[1301,1324,1995,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">C.</emphasis>
Capitula. 
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFADFFDFFA3B8A89D2EBF84B" bold="true" box="[1428,1452,1995,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">D.</emphasis>
Receptacle with the scars of carpopodium insertions. 
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFADFFDFFD3F8AADD583F7AF" bold="true" box="[656,708,2031,2052]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">E–H.</emphasis>
Phyllaries (outer, intermediate and inner). 
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFADFFDFFBC98AADD331F7AF" bold="true" box="[1126,1142,2031,2052]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">I.</emphasis>
Corolla. 
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFADFFDFFB7D8AADD3A3F7AF" bold="true" box="[1234,1252,2031,2052]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">J.</emphasis>
Anther. 
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFADFFDFFA988AADD216F7AF" bold="true" box="[1335,1361,2031,2052]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">K.</emphasis>
Style. 
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFADFFDFFA3A8AADD2EBF7AF" bold="true" box="[1429,1452,2031,2052]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">L.</emphasis>
Cypsela and pappus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF306639FFACFFDEFF278EC5D379FC0A" box="[136,1086,903,929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" startId="3.[136,224,903,929]">
<paragraph id="8BF036B1FFACFFDEFF278EC5D379FC0A" blockId="3.[136,1086,903,929]" box="[136,1086,903,929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFACFFDEFF278EC5D7BCFC0A" bold="true" box="[136,251,903,929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Morphological differences of species related to 
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D32FFACFFDEFD508EC5D370FC0A" box="[767,1079,903,929]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Heterocondylus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="penninervius">
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFACFFDEFD508EC5D370FC0A" box="[767,1079,903,929]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Heterocondylus penninervius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF036B1FFACFFDEFF3C8EF9D0E8FAC4" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
<table id="F94FC411FFAC0022FF3C8EF9D088FAD4" box="[147,1999,955,1407]" gridcols="8" gridrows="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
<tr id="357F34F3FFAC0022FF3C8EF9D088FC79" box="[147,1999,955,978]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022FF3C8EF9D676FC79" box="[147,305,955,978]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Species</th>
<th id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022FE3C8EF9D510FC79" box="[403,599,955,978]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Habit</th>
<th id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022FD298EF9D42FFC79" box="[646,872,955,978]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Leaf position</th>
<th id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022FCD08EF9D37FFC79" box="[895,1080,955,978]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Leaf shape</th>
<th id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022FBDA8EF9D26DFC79" box="[1141,1322,955,978]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Leaf texture</th>
<th id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022FACC8EF9D14CFC79" box="[1379,1547,955,978]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Leaf margin</th>
<th id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022F9E28EF9D1B1FC79" box="[1613,1782,955,978]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Venation</th>
<th id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022F8998EF9D088FC79" box="[1846,1999,955,978]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Involucre shape</th>
</tr>
<tr id="357F34F3FFAC0022FF3C8943D088FB93" box="[147,1999,1025,1080]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022FF3C8943D676FB93" box="[147,305,1025,1080]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D32FFACFFDEFF3C8953D66AFB83" box="[147,301,1041,1064]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Heterocondylus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="penninervius">
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFACFFDEFF3C8953D66AFB83" box="[147,301,1041,1064]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">H. penninervius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022FE3C8943D510FB93" box="[403,599,1025,1080]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">erect shrub</td>
<td id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022FD298943D42FFB93" box="[646,872,1025,1080]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">concentred in the lower part</td>
<td id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022FCD08943D37FFB93" box="[895,1080,1025,1080]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">narrow-elliptical to narrow-lanceolate</td>
<td id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022FBDA8943D26DFB93" box="[1141,1322,1025,1080]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">membranaceous to cartaceous</td>
<td id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022FACC8943D14CFB93" box="[1379,1547,1025,1080]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">entire</td>
<td id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022F9E28943D1B1FB93" box="[1613,1782,1025,1080]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">pinnate</td>
<td id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022F8998943D088FB93" box="[1846,1999,1025,1080]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">campanulate</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357F34F3FFAC0022FF3C892CD088FB0E" box="[147,1999,1134,1189]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022FF3C892CD676FB0E" box="[147,305,1134,1189]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D32FFACFFDEFF3C893CD676FB3E" authorityName="King &amp; Robinson" authorityYear="1972" baseAuthorityName="DC." box="[147,305,1150,1173]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Heterocondylus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amphidictyus">
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFACFFDEFF3C893CD676FB3E" box="[147,305,1150,1173]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">H. amphidictyus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022FE3C892CD510FB0E" box="[403,599,1134,1189]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">erect or subscandent subshrub</td>
<td id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022FD29892CD42FFB0E" box="[646,872,1134,1189]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">concentred in the lower part</td>
<td id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022FCD0892CD37FFB0E" box="[895,1080,1134,1189]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">panduliform or obovalate</td>
<td id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022FBDA892CD26DFB0E" box="[1141,1322,1134,1189]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">coriaceus</td>
<td id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022FACC892CD14CFB0E" box="[1379,1547,1134,1189]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">slightly serrate or crenate</td>
<td id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022F9E2892CD1B1FB0E" box="[1613,1782,1134,1189]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">pinnate- craspedodromous</td>
<td id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022F899892CD088FB0E" box="[1846,1999,1134,1189]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">cylindrical</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357F34F3FFAC0022FF3C8999D088FAB9" box="[147,1999,1243,1298]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022FF3C8999D676FAB9" box="[147,305,1243,1298]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D32FFACFFDEFF3C89A9D7BAFAA9" authorityName="King &amp; Robinson" authorityYear="1972" baseAuthorityName="Gardner" box="[147,253,1259,1282]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Heterocondylus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pumilus">
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFACFFDEFF3C89A9D7BAFAA9" box="[147,253,1259,1282]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">H. pumilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022FE3C8999D510FAB9" box="[403,599,1243,1298]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">erect subshrub</td>
<td id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022FD298999D42FFAB9" box="[646,872,1243,1298]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">concentred in the lower part</td>
<td id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022FCD08999D37FFAB9" box="[895,1080,1243,1298]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">ovate, obovalate or elliptic</td>
<td id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022FBDA8999D26DFAB9" box="[1141,1322,1243,1298]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">cartaceous or coriaceus</td>
<td id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022FACC8999D14CFAB9" box="[1379,1547,1243,1298]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">serrate</td>
<td id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022F9E28999D1B1FAB9" box="[1613,1782,1243,1298]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">craspedodromous</td>
<td id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022F8998999D088FAB9" box="[1846,1999,1243,1298]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">cylindrical</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357F34F3FFAC0022FF3C880AD088FAD4" box="[147,1999,1352,1407]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022FF3C880AD676FAD4" box="[147,305,1352,1407]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D32FFACFFDEFF3C881AD7B9FAC4" authorityName="King &amp; Robinson" authorityYear="1972" baseAuthorityName="DC." box="[147,254,1368,1391]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Heterocondylus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vitalbae">
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFACFFDEFF3C881AD7B9FAC4" box="[147,254,1368,1391]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">H. vitalbae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022FE3C880AD510FAD4" box="[403,599,1352,1407]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">scandent shrub</td>
<td id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022FD29880AD42FFAD4" box="[646,872,1352,1407]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">distributed throughout the stem</td>
<td id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022FCD0880AD37FFAD4" box="[895,1080,1352,1407]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">ovate</td>
<td id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022FBDA880AD26DFAD4" box="[1141,1322,1352,1407]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">cartaceous or coriaceus</td>
<td id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022FACC880AD14CFAD4" box="[1379,1547,1352,1407]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">serrate</td>
<td id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022F9E2880AD1B1FAD4" box="[1613,1782,1352,1407]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">acrodromous</td>
<td id="76AE5D8FFFAC0022F899880AD088FAD4" box="[1846,1999,1352,1407]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">campanulate</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF036B1FFABFFD9FF128DDCD5C6FE3A" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFABFFD9FF128DDCD6F1FF13" bold="true" box="[189,438,158,184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Conservation status:</emphasis>
—Following the criteria and categories established by the 
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, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D32FFABFFD9FB548DDCD65EFF77" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Heterocondylus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="penninervius">
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFABFFD9FB548DDCD65EFF77" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Heterocondylus penninervius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be classified as Critically Endangered (CR) since it has very small or restricted populations, with less than 
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of distribution and an occupation area of less than 
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(Criteria B1a; D). In addition, “campos de altitude” have particular ecological processes, with a highly flammable vegetation of restricted and disjunct occurrence (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B40FFABFFD9FF208C6CD625FEE3" author="Ribeiro, K. T. &amp; Medina, B. M. O. &amp; Scarano, F. R." box="[143,354,302,328]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" pagination="623 - 639" refId="ref3641" refString="Ribeiro, K. T., Medina, B. M. O. &amp; Scarano, F. R. (2007) Species composition and biogeographic relations of the rock outcrop flora on the high plateau of Itatiaia, SE-Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Botany 30: 623 - 639. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 84042007000400008" type="journal article" year="2007">
Ribeiro 
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFABFFD9FF448C6DD665FEE3" box="[235,290,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B40FFABFFD9FEC38C6CD5ECFEE3" author="Mocochinski, A. Y. &amp; Scheer, M. B." box="[364,683,302,328]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" pagination="625 - 640" refId="ref3341" refString="Mocochinski, A. Y. &amp; Scheer, M. B. (2008) Campos de Altitude na Serra do Mar Paranaense: aspectos floristicos. Floresta 38 (4): 625 - 640. https: // doi. org / 10.5380 / rf. v 38 i 4.13158" type="journal article" year="2008">Mocochinski &amp; Scheer 2008</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B40FFABFFD9FD1C8C6CD414FEE3" author="Aximoff, I." box="[691,851,302,328]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" pagination="180 - 200" refId="ref2698" refString="Aximoff, I. (2011) O que perdemos com a passagem do fogo pelos campos de altitude do Estado do Rio de Janeiro? Revista Biodiversidade Brasileira, Numero Tematico: Ecologia e Manejo do Fogo em Areas Protegidas 2: 180 - 200." type="journal article" year="2011">Aximoff 2011</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B40FFABFFD9FCF48C6CD30EFEE2" author="Assis, M. V. &amp; Mattos, E. A." box="[859,1097,302,329]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" pagination="24 - 36" refId="ref2651" refString="Assis, M. V. &amp; Mattos, E. A. (2016) Vulnerabilidade da vegetacao de campos de altitude as mudancas climaticas. Oecologia Australis 20: 24 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.4257 / oeco. 2016.2002.03" type="journal article" year="2016">Assis &amp; Mattos 2016</bibRefCitation>
). These characteristics make the “campos de altitude” highly vulnerable to climate change as mountain-top species are more susceptible to extinction (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B40FFABFFD9FF208C34D63EFE3B" author="Gottfried, M. &amp; Pauli, H. &amp; Futschik, A. &amp; Akhalkatsi, M. &amp; Barancok, P. &amp; Alonso, J. L. B. &amp; Coldea, G. &amp; Dick, J. &amp; Erschbamer, B. &amp; Calzado, M. R. F. &amp; Kazakis, G. &amp; Krajci, J. &amp; Larsson, P. &amp; Mallaun, M. &amp; Michelsen, O. &amp; Moiseev, D. &amp; Moiseev, P. &amp; Molau, U. &amp; Merzouki, A. &amp; Nagy, L. &amp; Nakhutsrishvili, G. &amp; Pedersen, B. &amp; Pelino, G. &amp; Puscas, M. &amp; Rossi, G. &amp; Stanisci, A. &amp; Theurillat, J. - P. &amp; Tomaselli, M. &amp; Villar, L. &amp; Vittoz, P. &amp; Vogiatzakis, I. &amp; Grabherr, G." box="[143,377,374,400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" pagination="111 - 115" refId="ref2894" refString="Gottfried, M., Pauli, H., Futschik, A., Akhalkatsi, M., Barancok, P., Alonso, J. L. B., Coldea, G., Dick, J., Erschbamer, B., Calzado, M. R. F., Kazakis, G., Krajci, J., Larsson, P., Mallaun, M., Michelsen, O., Moiseev, D., Moiseev, P., Molau, U., Merzouki, A., Nagy, L., Nakhutsrishvili, G., Pedersen, B., Pelino, G., Puscas, M., Rossi, G., Stanisci, A., Theurillat, J. - P., Tomaselli, M., Villar, L., Vittoz, P., Vogiatzakis, I. &amp; Grabherr, G. (2012) Continent-wide response of mountain vegetation to climate change. Nature Climate Change 2: 111 - 115. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / nclimate 1329" type="journal article" year="2012">
Gottfried 
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFABFFD9FF508C35D670FE3B" box="[255,311,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B40FFABFFD9FE2D8C34D532FE3A" author="Assis, M. V. &amp; Mattos, E. A." box="[386,629,374,401]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" pagination="24 - 36" refId="ref2651" refString="Assis, M. V. &amp; Mattos, E. A. (2016) Vulnerabilidade da vegetacao de campos de altitude as mudancas climaticas. Oecologia Australis 20: 24 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.4257 / oeco. 2016.2002.03" type="journal article" year="2016">Assis &amp; Mattos 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C355653AFFABFFD9FF128CD8D672FE73" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BF036B1FFABFFD9FF128CD8D672FE73" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFABFFD9FF128CD8D60FFE1F" bold="true" box="[189,328,410,436]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Etymology:</emphasis>
—The specific epithet refers to the penninerved leaves, which are clearly distinct from those of the similar species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C355653AFFABFFD9FF128CA0D4FDFC07" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF036B1FFABFFD9FF128CA0D20DFCB7" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFABFFD9FF128CA0D602FE57" bold="true" box="[189,325,482,508]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Discussion:</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D32FFABFFD9FECE8CA0D5E8FE57" box="[353,687,482,508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Heterocondylus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="penninervius">
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFABFFD9FECE8CA0D5E8FE57" box="[353,687,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Heterocondylus penninervius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily recognized by its narrowly elliptical to narrowly lanceolate sessile leaves and penninerved leaves, which are concentrated in the lower part of the stem, and a broad capitula with white to pinkish phyllaries. 
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D32FFABFFD9FDCE8F68D210FDEF" authority="(DC.) King &amp; Robinson (1972: 390)" authorityName="King &amp; Robinson" authorityPageNumber="390" authorityYear="1972" baseAuthorityName="DC." box="[609,1367,554,580]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Heterocondylus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amphidictyus">
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFABFFD9FDCE8F68D4E9FDEF" box="[609,942,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Heterocondylus amphidictyus</emphasis>
(DC.) 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B40FFABFFD9FBAF8F68D210FDEF" author="King, R. M. &amp; Robinson, H." box="[1024,1367,554,580]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" pagination="389 - 391" refId="ref3185" refString="King, R. M. &amp; Robinson, H. (1972) Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). A new genus, Heterocondylus. Phytologia 24: 389 - 391. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 17147" type="journal article" year="1972">King &amp; Robinson (1972: 390)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D32FFABFFD9FA3F8F69D5EAFDC3" authority="(Gardner) King &amp; Robinson (1972: 391)" authorityName="King &amp; Robinson" authorityPageNumber="391" authorityYear="1972" baseAuthorityName="Gardner" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Heterocondylus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pumilus">
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFABFFD9FA3F8F69D7A6FDC3" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">H. pumilus</emphasis>
(Gardner) 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B40FFABFFD9FEF28F0CD5EAFDC3" author="King, R. M. &amp; Robinson, H." box="[349,685,590,616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" pagination="389 - 391" refId="ref3185" refString="King, R. M. &amp; Robinson, H. (1972) Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). A new genus, Heterocondylus. Phytologia 24: 389 - 391. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 17147" type="journal article" year="1972">King &amp; Robinson (1972: 391)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
resemble this species by the leaves concentrated in the lower part of the stem, and the principal vein very prominent on the abaxial leaf surface, but they are distinguished by coriaceous and panduliform leaves in the first species, and ovate to obovate leaves with serrated margins in the second one (
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). 
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D32FFABFFD9FEAF8FF8D486FD7F" authority="(DC.) King &amp; Robinson (1972: 391)" authorityName="King &amp; Robinson" authorityPageNumber="391" authorityYear="1972" baseAuthorityName="DC." box="[256,961,698,724]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Heterocondylus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vitalbae">
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFABFFD9FEAF8FF8D554FD7F" box="[256,531,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Heterocondylus vitalbae</emphasis>
(DC.) 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE4B40FFABFFD9FDC88FF8D486FD7F" author="King, R. M. &amp; Robinson, H." box="[615,961,698,724]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" pagination="389 - 391" refId="ref3185" refString="King, R. M. &amp; Robinson, H. (1972) Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). A new genus, Heterocondylus. Phytologia 24: 389 - 391. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 17147" type="journal article" year="1972">King &amp; Robinson (1972: 391)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
can also be similar regarding the shape of involucre (campanulate in dried specimens), constituted by broad and pinkish phyllaries, and stylopodium elongated and glabrous, but 
<taxonomicName id="4C4F4D32FFABFFD9FEFE8E41D68AFCB7" authorityName="King &amp; Robinson" authorityYear="1972" baseAuthorityName="DC." box="[337,461,770,796]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Heterocondylus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vitalbae">
<emphasis id="B93BEAA3FFABFFD9FEFE8E41D68AFCB7" box="[337,461,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">H. vitalbae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a scandent shrub and has ovate leaves arranged along the branches (
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).
</paragraph>
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Additional Specimens Examined (
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— 
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das 3 
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3, 
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001 (
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1376, 1377 
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