1018 lines
218 KiB
XML
1018 lines
218 KiB
XML
<document id="DE1D4641794A4F0FB9BCC971D567E237" ID-CLB-Dataset="298400" ID-DOI="10.5194/fr-23-117-2020" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f464c39b-46fe-425c-b570-89dbb68f3e7f" ID-ISSN="2193-0074" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11359717" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1716846338526" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cicimurri, David J., Ebersole, Jun A. & Martin, George" docDate="2020" docId="03C7E527FFBCFFF9FC88FD52FF5C588D" docLanguage="en" docName="FossRec.23.2.117-140.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Record 23 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-23-117-2020" docStyle="DocumentStyle:1B3764FFAC190C6D25C29F616DE4358D.2:FossRec.2014-2021.journal_article" docStyleId="1B3764FFAC190C6D25C29F616DE4358D" docStyleName="FossRec.2014-2021.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Mennerotodus parmleyi Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="133" masterDocId="FFFE9D5FFFB5FFE9FFE1FFDBFF9D5C29" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Mennerotodus Zhelezko, 1994 (Chondrichthyes: Lamniformes: Odontaspididae), from the Paleogene of the southeastern United States" masterLastPageNumber="140" masterPageNumber="117" pageNumber="126" updateTime="1718196665428" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="4FEB00D28C9A2DF1F4B173BB82B472F2">Two new species of Mennerotodus Zhelezko, 1994 (Chondrichthyes: Lamniformes: Odontaspididae), from the Paleogene of the southeastern United States</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F5515406B5E47855FE06F8673274E56B">Cicimurri, David J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AE887590ED96E8E5E63134B6C0931133">Jun A. Ebersole & South Carolina State Museum, 301 Gervais Street, Columbia, SC 29201, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="82FE5F991452822D053DF0FF2014FB09">Ebersole, Jun A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F8A02E9EE3464D73993C3C3FE1C78627">George Martin & McWane Science Center, 200 19 th Street North, Birmingham, AL 35203, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D59C07EE8D422A4EFA3C385252002369">Martin, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F71BB3D373E253B91590B166D282E4C3">641 Apache Street, Auburn, AL 36830, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="F8E2CED6651A84A98CF255E34C93A2F5">Fossil Record</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="ACB2FE15863F8EA7F5374261A749EA39">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DAE9621CD4D0CE9B421C78BB8EFAFA18">2020-07-22</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E1B571B376B12397468C04EDACC112C6">23</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C7E527FFBCFFF9FC88FD52FF5C588D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11617155" ID-GBIF-Taxon="232733496" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11617155" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C7E527FFBCFFF9FC88FD52FF5C588D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C7E527FFBCFFF9FC88FD52FF5C588D" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">
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<subSubSection id="C37407BAFFBCFFE0FC88FD52FBFC5EDC" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBCFFE0FC88FD52FB235E89" blockId="9.[873,1214,649,673]" box="[873,1214,649,673]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">
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<heading id="D099E35DFFBCFFE0FC88FD52FB235E89" box="[873,1214,649,673]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" reason="7">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FC88FD52FBF85E88" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[873,1125,649,673]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parmleyi" status="sp. nov.">
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||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FC88FD52FBF85E88" box="[873,1125,649,673]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Mennerotodus parmleyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBCFFE0FB8DFD52FB235E89" box="[1132,1214,649,672]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBCFFE0FC88FD65FBFC5EDC" blockId="9.[873,1462,702,757]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">
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<collectionCode id="ED7FCCF4FFBCFFE0FC88FD65FC395EFC" box="[873,932,702,725]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">LSID</collectionCode>
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<uri id="FFFF5833FFBCFFE0FC4AFD65FBFC5EDC" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="FFC86EE4FFBCFFE0FB4FFD65FBFC5EDC" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">36F949AD-0166-453CAEB9-5805B7E9A141</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37407BAFFBCFFE0FCD2FCC5FAF65836" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBCFFE0FCD2FCC5FAA35F1C" blockId="9.[819,1463,798,1055]" box="[819,1342,798,822]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">
|
||
1984
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FC8EFCC5FB075F1C" authority=", Westgate" authorityName="Westgate" box="[879,1178,798,822]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Odontaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hopei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FC8EFCC5FBB75F1F" box="[879,1066,798,822]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Odontaspis hopei</emphasis>
|
||
, Westgate
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, p. 358, fig. 3a.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBCFFE0FCD2FC9AFCCE5F5E" blockId="9.[819,1463,798,1055]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">
|
||
2003
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FC95FC9BFA195F71" authority=", Parmley and Cicimurri" authorityName="Parmley and Cicimurri" box="[884,1412,832,856]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Carcharias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="accutissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FC95FC9BFBEE5F71" box="[884,1139,832,856]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Carcharias accutissima</emphasis>
|
||
, Parmley and Cicimurri
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 3e.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBCFFE0FCD2FC58FCFF5F93" blockId="9.[819,1463,798,1055]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">
|
||
2003
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FC8FFC59FAC05FB3" authority=", Parmley and Cicimurri" authorityName="Parmley and Cicimurri" box="[878,1373,898,922]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Carcharias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FC8FFC59FBC35FB3" box="[878,1118,898,922]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Carcharias acutissima</emphasis>
|
||
, Parmley and Cicimurri
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, p. 160– 161.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBCFFE0FCD2FC1EFCE75FD5" blockId="9.[819,1463,798,1055]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">
|
||
2003
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FC8EFC1EFAB05FF5" authority=", Parmley and Cicimurri" authorityName="Parmley and Cicimurri" box="[879,1325,965,989]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Carcharias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hopei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FC8EFC1EFBB45FF4" box="[879,1065,965,989]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Carcharias hopei</emphasis>
|
||
, Parmley and Cicimurri
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, p. 161–162, fig.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFBCFFE0FCBCFC3EFCE75FD5" box="[861,890,997,1020]" count="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" type="generic">3f.</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBCFFE0FCD2FBD3FAF65836" blockId="9.[819,1463,798,1055]" box="[819,1387,1031,1055]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">
|
||
2019
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBCFFE0FC8EFBDCFBB35836" box="[879,1070,1031,1055]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FC8EFBDCFB9A5836" box="[879,1031,1031,1055]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Mennerotodus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Ebersole et al., p. 50, fig. 17.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37407BAFFBCFFE2FCD2FB9CFD7F5A54" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBCFFE0FCD2FB9CFA3C58D0" blockId="9.[819,942,1095,1119]" lastBlockId="9.[819,1462,1154,1273]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FCD2FB9CFC335876" bold="true" box="[819,942,1095,1119]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
The species is named in honor of Dennis Parmley, retired faculty member at
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37914A1FFBCFFE0FBE1FB79FBC85890" box="[1024,1109,1186,1209]" name="Georgia" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
College and State University, in recognition of his numerous contributions to our knowledge of the middle Eocene vertebrate faunas of central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37914A1FFBCFFE0FAA5FB39FA0058D0" box="[1348,1437,1250,1273]" name="Georgia" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBCFFE0FCD2FAC0FC36591A" blockId="9.[819,939,1307,1331]" box="[819,939,1307,1331]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBCFFE0FCD2FAC0FC36591A" bold="true" box="[819,939,1307,1331]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Hypodigm</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBCFFE0FCD2FA8CFBC25B25" blockId="9.[819,1462,1367,1804]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">
|
||
SC2013.44.117 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5EA93FFBCFFE0FC1DFA8CFBC05947" box="[1020,1117,1367,1390]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
), first upper left anterior tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBCFFE0FC68FAADFB9F59A4" box="[905,1026,1398,1421]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Fig. 5a–e</figureCitation>
|
||
); SC2013.44.119 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5EA93FFBCFFE0FB08FAADFAD759A4" box="[1257,1354,1398,1421]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
), second upper left anterior tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBCFFE0FB90FA4DFB6F5984" box="[1137,1266,1430,1453]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Fig. 5 f–j</figureCitation>
|
||
); SC2013.44.122 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5EA93FFBCFFE0FCDAFA6DFC0159E4" box="[827,924,1462,1485]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
), third upper left anterior tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBCFFE0FAD5FA6DFA3759E4" box="[1332,1450,1462,1485]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Fig. 5k–o</figureCitation>
|
||
); SC2013.44.120 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5EA93FFBCFFE0FC09FA0DFBD459C4" box="[1000,1097,1494,1517]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
), left intermediate tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBCFFE0FABAFA0DFCA15A24" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Fig. 5p– t</figureCitation>
|
||
); SC2004.34.175 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5EA93FFBCFFE0FBEFFA2DFBED5A24" box="[1038,1136,1526,1549]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
), first upper left lateral tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBCFFE0FCDAF9CDFC335A04" box="[827,942,1558,1581]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Fig. 5u–y</figureCitation>
|
||
); SC2013.44.128 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5EA93FFBCFFE0FB64F9CDFB7B5A04" box="[1157,1254,1558,1581]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
), first lower right anterior tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBCFFE0FC0EF9EDFBF85A64" box="[1007,1125,1590,1613]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Fig. 6a–e</figureCitation>
|
||
); SC2013.44.130 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5EA93FFBCFFE0FAA8F9EDFA375A64" box="[1353,1450,1590,1613]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
), second lower left anterior tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBCFFE0FB78F98DFB615A44" box="[1177,1276,1622,1645]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Fig. 6f–j</figureCitation>
|
||
); SC2013.44.132 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5EA93FFBCFFE0FCDAF9AEFC015AA5" box="[827,924,1653,1676]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
), third lower right anterior tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBCFFE0FAD7F9AEFA345AA5" box="[1334,1449,1653,1676]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Fig. 6k–o</figureCitation>
|
||
); SC2004.34.182 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5EA93FFBCFFE0FC0AF94EFBD15A85" box="[1003,1100,1685,1708]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
), fourth lower left anterior tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBCFFE0FCDAF96EFC3D5AE5" box="[827,928,1717,1740]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Fig. 6p–t</figureCitation>
|
||
); SC2013.44.157 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5EA93FFBCFFE0FB84F96EFB5B5AE5" box="[1125,1222,1717,1740]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
), first lower left lateral tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBCFFE0FC9EF90EFC6D5AC5" box="[895,1008,1749,1772]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Fig. 6u–y</figureCitation>
|
||
); SC2004.34.181 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5EA93FFBCFFE0FB23F90EFABE5AC5" box="[1218,1315,1749,1772]" pageId="9" pageNumber="126" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
), lower right posterior tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBCFFE0FC3FF92EFBB55B25" box="[990,1064,1781,1804]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="126">Fig. 6a</figureCitation>
|
||
–ad).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1104B9FFBFFFE3FF9DF9FFFD705B2F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="127" startId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" targetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBFFFE3FF9DF9FFFD705B2F" blockId="10.[124,1463,1572,1798]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FF9DF9FFFF445A13" bold="true" box="[124,217,1572,1594]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBFFFE3FF01F9FFFE595A10" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[224,452,1572,1593]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parmleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FF01F9FFFE595A10" box="[224,452,1572,1593]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">Mennerotodus parmleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBFFFE3FE2DF9FEFD8A5A13" box="[460,535,1573,1594]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FE87F99AFE045A7E" bold="true" box="[358,409,1601,1623]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(a–e)</emphasis>
|
||
SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FC30F99AFC715A7E" bold="true" box="[977,1004,1601,1623]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(a)</emphasis>
|
||
Basal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FB8AF99AFB155A7E" bold="true" box="[1131,1160,1601,1623]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(b)</emphasis>
|
||
Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FAEEF99AFAB45A7E" bold="true" box="[1295,1321,1601,1623]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(c)</emphasis>
|
||
Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FF9DF985FF045A5D" bold="true" box="[124,153,1630,1652]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(d)</emphasis>
|
||
Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FEC3F985FEA15A5D" bold="true" box="[290,316,1630,1652]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(e)</emphasis>
|
||
Close-up of distal cusplet.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FDA6F985FDEE5A5D" bold="true" box="[583,627,1630,1652]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(f–j)</emphasis>
|
||
SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FB23F985FB475A5D" bold="true" box="[1218,1242,1630,1652]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(f)</emphasis>
|
||
Basal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FAB7F985FAEC5A5D" bold="true" box="[1366,1393,1630,1652]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(g)</emphasis>
|
||
Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FF56F9A7FF495ABB" bold="true" box="[183,212,1660,1682]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(h)</emphasis>
|
||
Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FE8BF9A7FE1C5ABB" bold="true" box="[362,385,1660,1682]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(i)</emphasis>
|
||
Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FDEFF9A7FDB85ABB" bold="true" box="[526,549,1660,1682]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(j)</emphasis>
|
||
Close-up of mesial cusplet.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FCA2F9A7FCE55ABB" bold="true" box="[835,888,1660,1682]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(k–o)</emphasis>
|
||
SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FF9DF942FF045A86" bold="true" box="[124,153,1689,1711]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(k)</emphasis>
|
||
Basal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FEF3F942FEB45A86" bold="true" box="[274,297,1689,1711]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(l)</emphasis>
|
||
Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FE4BF942FE535A86" bold="true" box="[426,462,1689,1711]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(m)</emphasis>
|
||
Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FDBCF942FDE45A86" bold="true" box="[605,633,1689,1711]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(n)</emphasis>
|
||
Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FD1EF942FC875A86" bold="true" box="[767,794,1689,1711]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(o)</emphasis>
|
||
Close-up of mesial cusplet.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FBCAF942FBC15A86" bold="true" box="[1067,1116,1689,1711]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(p–t)</emphasis>
|
||
SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FEB3F96DFEF25AE5" bold="true" box="[338,367,1718,1740]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(p)</emphasis>
|
||
Close-up of mesial cusplet.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FD98F96DFD0B5AE5" bold="true" box="[633,662,1718,1740]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(q)</emphasis>
|
||
Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FCF5F96DFCB35AE5" bold="true" box="[788,814,1718,1740]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(r)</emphasis>
|
||
Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FC58F96DFC4E5AE5" bold="true" box="[953,979,1718,1740]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(s)</emphasis>
|
||
Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FBB5F96DFBF65AE5" bold="true" box="[1108,1131,1718,1740]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(t)</emphasis>
|
||
Basal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FB00F96DFA8A5AE5" bold="true" box="[1249,1303,1718,1740]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(u–y)</emphasis>
|
||
SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FE24F908FE7F5AC0" bold="true" box="[453,482,1747,1769]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(u)</emphasis>
|
||
Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FC95F908FC125AC0" bold="true" box="[884,911,1747,1769]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(v)</emphasis>
|
||
Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FBF1F908FBAC5AC0" bold="true" box="[1040,1073,1747,1769]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(w)</emphasis>
|
||
Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FB5EF908FB465AC0" bold="true" box="[1215,1243,1747,1769]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(x)</emphasis>
|
||
Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FABEF908FAE65AC0" bold="true" box="[1375,1403,1747,1769]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(y)</emphasis>
|
||
Basal view. Labial at top in
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FEADF92BFEFA5B2F" bold="true" box="[332,359,1776,1798]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(a)</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FE95F92BFE165B2F" bold="true" box="[372,395,1776,1798]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(f)</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FE76F92BFE295B2F" bold="true" box="[407,436,1776,1798]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(k)</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FE20F92BFE455B2F" bold="true" box="[449,472,1776,1798]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(t)</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBFFFE3FDECF92BFDB55B2F" bold="true" box="[525,552,1776,1798]" pageId="10" pageNumber="127">(y)</emphasis>
|
||
. Scale bars = 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBEFFE2FF9DFF74FEC65CEE" blockId="11.[124,347,175,199]" box="[124,347,175,199]" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBEFFE2FF9DFF74FEC65CEE" bold="true" box="[124,347,175,199]" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">Referred specimens</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBEFFE2FF9DFF30FD7F5A54" blockId="11.[124,767,235,1661]" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">
|
||
SC2004.34.17, second lower left anterior tooth; SC2004.34.18, third upper left anterior tooth; SC2004.34.19, upper left lateral tooth; SC2004.34.20, upper right lateral tooth; SC2004.34.21, first upper right lateral tooth; SC2004.34.22, upper right lateral tooth; SC2004.34.23, first upper right lateral tooth; SC2004.34.24, upper left lateral tooth; SC2004.34.25, lateral teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFBEFFE2FD20FE71FF6D5DC8" count="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" type="generic">seven specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); SC2004.34.26, upper lateral teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFBEFFE2FD76FE11FF245E28" count="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" type="generic">17 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); SC2004.34.27, unassigned teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFBEFFE2FDA8FE31FD695E28" box="[585,756,490,513]" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); SC2004.34.28, upper lateral teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFBEFFE2FDDCFDD1FD695E08" box="[573,756,522,545]" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); SC2004.34.29, lower lateral tooth; SC2004.34.30, anterior teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFBEFFE2FF27FD92FEF95E49" box="[198,356,585,608]" count="27" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" type="generic">27 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); SC2004.34.31, second upper right anterior tooth; SC2004.34.32, anterior tooth; SC2004.34.33, third upper right anterior tooth; SC2004.34.34, upper anterior teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFBEFFE2FF13FD72FE165EE9" box="[242,395,681,704]" count="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" type="generic">13 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); SC2004.34.35, upper left lateral tooth; SC2004.34.36, upper lateral teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFBEFFE2FDB7FD12FD695EC9" box="[598,756,713,736]" count="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); SC2004.34.37, small anterior teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFBEFFE2FDD5FD32FD695F29" box="[564,756,745,768]" count="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" type="generic">eight specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); SC2004.34.38, upper right lateral teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFBEFFE2FDA8FCD2FD695F09" box="[585,756,777,800]" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); SC2004.34.39, first upper left anterior tooth; SC2004.34.40, first lower anterior teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFBEFFE2FE76FC92FDA35F49" box="[407,574,841,864]" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); SC2004.34.176, second lower left lateral tooth; SC2004.34.177, fourth upper left lateral tooth; SC2004.34.178, second? upper left lateral tooth; SC2004.34.179, third? upper right lateral tooth; SC2004.34.180, seventh? upper right lateral; SC2013.44.78, fourth? lower left anterior tooth; SC2004.34.186, lower lateral teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFBEFFE2FEF6FBD3FE2B5836" box="[279,438,1032,1055]" count="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" type="generic">23 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth; SC2013.44.118, first upper anterior teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFBEFFE2FEE6FB93FE365876" box="[263,427,1096,1119]" count="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" type="generic">12 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); SC2013.44.123, upper left lateral tooth; SC2013.44.124, upper lateral teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFBEFFE2FD02FBBCFF6D58B7" count="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); SC2013.44.125, second upper right lateral tooth; SC2013.44.126, first upper right lateral tooth; SC2013.44.127, first upper right lateral tooth; SC2013.44.129, first lower anterior teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFBEFFE2FDACFB3CFD6958D7" box="[589,756,1255,1278]" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); SC2013.44.131, lower anterior teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFBEFFE2FDD6FADCFD695937" box="[567,756,1287,1310]" count="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); SC2013.44.133, lower right lateral tooth; SC2013.44.134, lower right lateral tooth; SC2013.44.135, lower lateral teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFBEFFE2FF24FABDFEFE5954" box="[197,355,1382,1405]" count="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); SC2013.44.136, anterior teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFBEFFE2FD3FFABDFF6D59B4" count="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" type="generic">six specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); SC2013.44.137, third upper anterior teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFBEFFE2FD34FA5DFF735994" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
; SC2013.44.138, incomplete anterolateral teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFBEFFE2FF62FA1DFEA459F4" box="[131,313,1478,1501]" count="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); SC2013.44.139, upper left lateral teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFBEFFE2FF62FA3DFEB059D4" box="[131,301,1510,1533]" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); SC2013.44.140, lateral teeth (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFBEFFE2FD76FA3DFF245A34" count="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" type="generic">14 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); SC2013.44.141, second upper left anterior tooth; SC2013.44.142, pathological tooth; SC2013.44.143, teeth from various jaw positions (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFBEFFE2FE41F99DFDDF5A74" box="[416,578,1606,1629]" count="229" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" type="generic">229 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); SC2013.44.151, ablated teeth from various jaw positions (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D689FB8FFBEFFE2FDD2F9BDFD4A5A54" box="[563,727,1638,1661]" count="183" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" type="generic">183 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37407BAFFBEFFE2FF9DF944FC4F5D6F" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBEFFE2FF9DF944FE895A9E" blockId="11.[124,276,1695,1719]" box="[124,276,1695,1719]" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBEFFE2FF9DF944FE895A9E" bold="true" box="[124,276,1695,1719]" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5EA93FFBEFFE2FF9DF944FF295A9E" box="[124,180,1695,1719]" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
stratum
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBEFFE2FF9DF901FF7D5B18" blockId="11.[124,766,1754,1841]" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">
|
||
Riggins Mill Member, Clinchfield Formation, middle Eocene (Bartonian Stage), calcareous nannofossil zone NP17 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBEFFE2FF65F8C1FF4E5B18" box="[132,211,1818,1841]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[124,191,856,878]" captionTargetBox="[283,1303,177,825]" captionTargetId="figure-13@2.[283,1303,177,825]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Generalized location and surface stratigraphy of the Hardie Mine site, Wilkinson County, GA, USA. (a) Geographic maps showing the location of the Hardie Mine site in country, state, and county contexts. (b) Middle to late Eocene lithostratigraphic units formerly exposed in the mine. Shaded areas on the stratigraphic chart represent unconformities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359721/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBEFFE2FCD2FF74FC585CEE" blockId="11.[819,965,175,199]" box="[819,965,175,199]" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBEFFE2FCD2FF74FC585CEE" bold="true" box="[819,965,175,199]" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5EA93FFBEFFE2FCD2FF74FCF65CEE" box="[819,875,175,199]" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBEFFE2FCD2FF2BFC4F5D6F" blockId="11.[819,1462,240,326]" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B065E6CFFBEFFE2FCD2FF2BFC535D6F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4876360301" country="Georgia" county="Wilkinson County" latitude="32.90027" location="Gordon" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.36499" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
Hardie Mine (reclaimed;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5A32F6FFBEFFE2FBA1FF2BFB3B5D2E" box="[1088,1190,240,263]" degrees="32.90027" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" precision="1" value="32.90027">32.90027</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5A32F6FFBEFFE2FB50FF2CFAB15D2E" box="[1201,1324,240,263]" degrees="83.36499" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" precision="1" value="-83.36499">−83.36499</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 32
|
||
<superScript id="7C1BF979FFBEFFE2FAB0FF2BFAC65CD5" attach="left" box="[1361,1371,240,252]" fontSize="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">◦</superScript>
|
||
54
|
||
<superScript id="7C1BF979FFBEFFE2FA96FF2BFAE15CD5" attach="left" box="[1399,1404,240,252]" fontSize="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">Į</superScript>
|
||
1
|
||
<superScript id="7C1BF979FFBEFFE2FA6AFF2BFA0B5CD5" attach="left" box="[1419,1430,240,252]" fontSize="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">ĮĮ</superScript>
|
||
N, 83
|
||
<superScript id="7C1BF979FFBEFFE2FCAFFECBFCC55D35" attach="none" box="[846,856,272,284]" fontSize="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">◦</superScript>
|
||
21
|
||
<superScript id="7C1BF979FFBEFFE2FC95FECBFCE45D35" attach="none" box="[884,889,272,284]" fontSize="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">Į</superScript>
|
||
54
|
||
<superScript id="7C1BF979FFBEFFE2FC74FECBFC3D5D35" attach="left" box="[917,928,272,284]" fontSize="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">ĮĮ</superScript>
|
||
W), near
|
||
<location id="8EB102EAFFBEFFE2FBF9FECBFBF15D0E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C7E527FFBCFFF9FC88FD52FF5C588D:8EB102EAFFBEFFE2FBF9FECBFBF15D0E" box="[1048,1132,272,295]" country="Georgia" county="Wilkinson County" latitude="32.90027" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.36499" name="Gordon" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">Gordon</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62B02CBDFFBEFFE2FB9FFECBFAD55D0E" box="[1150,1352,272,295]" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">Wilkinson County</collectingCounty>
|
||
, Georgia, USA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBEFFE2FC96FEF4FC585D6F" box="[887,965,303,326]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[124,191,856,878]" captionTargetBox="[283,1303,177,825]" captionTargetId="figure-13@2.[283,1303,177,825]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Generalized location and surface stratigraphy of the Hardie Mine site, Wilkinson County, GA, USA. (a) Geographic maps showing the location of the Hardie Mine site in country, state, and county contexts. (b) Middle to late Eocene lithostratigraphic units formerly exposed in the mine. Shaded areas on the stratigraphic chart represent unconformities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359721/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37407BAFFBEFFE7FCD2FEB4FD965BA8" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBEFFE2FCD2FEB4FC2B5DAE" blockId="11.[819,950,367,391]" box="[819,950,367,391]" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBEFFE2FCD2FEB4FC2B5DAE" bold="true" box="[819,950,367,391]" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBEFFE2FCD2FE74FC2D586D" blockId="11.[819,1463,431,1921]" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBEFFE2FCD2FE74FBCD5DEE" box="[819,1104,431,455]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">First upper anterior teeth.</emphasis>
|
||
These small teeth, which do not exceed
|
||
<quantity id="4C96F9D4FFBEFFE2FC66FE14FC525DCF" box="[903,975,463,486]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 mm</quantity>
|
||
in total height, are slightly asymmetrical in labial view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBEFFE2FC25FE34FB865E2F" box="[964,1051,495,518]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">Fig. 5b</figureCitation>
|
||
). The main cusp is very narrow, is slightly distally inclined, and has a sigmoidal profile (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBEFFE2FA87FDD4FCDE5E6F" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">Fig. 5c, d</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesial and distal cutting edges are sharp, smooth, and subparallel but never reach the base of the main cusp. There may be a minuscule tubercle or very short and sharp ridge at the very base of the main cusp, well separated from the main cutting edge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBEFFE2FC22FD75FB8D5EEC" box="[963,1040,686,709]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">Fig. 5e</figureCitation>
|
||
). A single pair of short, conical cusplets is located at the crown foot (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBEFFE2FB8AFD15FB275ECC" box="[1131,1210,718,741]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">Fig. 5a</figureCitation>
|
||
). The labial face of the main cusp is smooth, is flat apically but weakly convex on its lower half, and in distal view appears to have a slight twist. In contrast, the lingual face is very convex and may bear faint longitudinal ridges on the lower half. The root is bilobate and has a large lingual boss that is bisected by an elongate and deep nutritive groove (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBEFFE2FBC5FC55FB3B5F8C" box="[1060,1190,910,933]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">Fig. 5a, c, d</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lingual dental band at the crown foot is conspicuous and sometimes deeply impressed. Root lobes are rather short and may be cylindrical or mesiodistally compressed. The distal lobe is more elongated and more obviously angled away from the nutritive groove (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBEFFE2FCDAFBF6FC3E586D" box="[827,931,1069,1092]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">Fig. 5b, c</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBEFFE2FCAFFB97FCCD5AEB" blockId="11.[819,1463,431,1921]" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBEFFE2FCAFFB97FB1A584D" box="[846,1159,1100,1124]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">Second upper anterior teeth.</emphasis>
|
||
The largest specimen measures
|
||
<quantity id="4C96F9D4FFBEFFE2FC91FBB6FC2558AD" box="[880,952,1133,1156]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" unit="mm" value="33.0">33 mm</quantity>
|
||
in total height. The main cusp is tall and narrow, more triangular in appearance than the main cusp of the first anterior tooth, and slightly distally inclined. Cutting edges are biconvex apically but otherwise subparallel (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBEFFE2FADCFB17FA3458CA" box="[1341,1449,1228,1251]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4C96F9D4FFBEFFE2FA91FB17FA1058CA" box="[1392,1421,1228,1251]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" unit="g" value="5.0">5g</quantity>
|
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, h
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), and they do not reach the cusp base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBEFFE2FB01FB37FAB3592A" box="[1248,1326,1260,1283]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">Fig. 5j</figureCitation>
|
||
). The labial face is smooth and flat to very weakly convex, but the lingual face is very convex and may bear fine vertical ridges on the lower half. The main cusp is flanked by a single pair of cusplets, although a second diminutive cusplet was occasionally observed on the mesial side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBEFFE2FB5AFA57FABF598A" box="[1211,1314,1420,1443]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4C96F9D4FFBEFFE2FB0DFA57FA95598A" box="[1260,1288,1420,1443]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" unit="g" value="5.0">5g</quantity>
|
||
, h
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cusplets are conical to triangular, sharply pointed, and lingually curved. Conical cusplets lack cutting edges, but more triangular cusplets exhibit complete cutting edges. The lingual boss bears a thin nutritive groove, and the dental band may be impressed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBEFFE2FCDAF9F0FC315A6B" box="[827,940,1579,1602]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">Fig. 5f, h</figureCitation>
|
||
). Although root lobes are of nearly the same length, the mesial lobe is labiolingually thick, mesiodistally thin, and pointed basally, whereas the distal lobe is labiolingually thin, mesiodistally wide, and rounded basally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBEFFE2FA85F950FCDE5AEB" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4C96F9D4FFBEFFE2FA74F950FA2C5A8B" box="[1429,1457,1675,1698]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" unit="g" value="5.0">5g</quantity>
|
||
, h
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBEFFE4FCAFF911FF045E4F" blockId="11.[819,1463,431,1921]" lastBlockId="13.[124,767,176,1921]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="130" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBEFFE2FCAFF911FBE05ACB" box="[846,1149,1738,1762]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">Third upper anterior teeth.</emphasis>
|
||
The largest specimen measures
|
||
<quantity id="4C96F9D4FFBEFFE2FC92F931FC265B28" box="[883,955,1770,1793]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="128" unit="mm" value="32.0">32 mm</quantity>
|
||
in total height. Teeth from this position differ from those of the other anterior positions in having a main cusp that is distally directed, often mesially curving, and only weakly sigmoidal in profile (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBEFFE2FB76F891FB665B48" box="[1175,1275,1866,1889]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="128">Fig. 5l–n</figureCitation>
|
||
). In addition, root lobes are asymmetrically developed, with the mesial lobe being much more elongated than the distal one, as well as sharply divergent from the nutritive groove (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FDB4FF0BFD5F5CCE" box="[597,706,208,231]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Fig. 5l, m</figureCitation>
|
||
). The labial face of the main cusp is smooth and very nearly flat, whereas the lingual face is convex and may bear very fine and discontinuous vertical ridges on the lower half. The cutting edges are smooth and sharp and extend to the crown foot (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FF65FEABFF4E5DAE" box="[132,211,368,391]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Fig. 5o</figureCitation>
|
||
). The base of the cutting edge may be continuous or denticulated. Lateral cusplets are small but broad, more labiolingually compressed, and with a more conspicuous cutting edge than those of the first two anterior files (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FDB8FE14FD5E5DCF" box="[601,707,463,486]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Fig. 5l, m</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lingual dental band is conspicuous and may be impressed, and although the nutritive groove is elongated, the boss is less robust than is seen on the other two anterior files (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FD6AFDF4FF115E4F" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Fig. 5k, m, n</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1104B9FFB9FFE5FF9DF9EBFC645B19" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" startId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" targetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFB9FFE5FF9DF9EBFC645B19" blockId="12.[124,1463,1584,1840]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FF9DF9EBFF475A6F" bold="true" box="[124,218,1584,1606]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFB9FFE5FF02F9EBFE575A6C" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[227,458,1584,1605]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parmleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FF02F9EBFE575A6C" box="[227,458,1584,1605]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">Mennerotodus parmleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFB9FFE5FE32F9EAFDBC5A6F" box="[467,545,1585,1606]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FE6DF996FE225A4A" bold="true" box="[396,447,1613,1635]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(a–e)</emphasis>
|
||
SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FC1CF996FB855A4A" bold="true" box="[1021,1048,1613,1635]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(a)</emphasis>
|
||
Close-up of distal cusplet.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FAC2F996FADD5A4A" bold="true" box="[1315,1344,1613,1635]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(b)</emphasis>
|
||
Basal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FF9DF9B1FF0B5AA9" bold="true" box="[124,150,1642,1664]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(c)</emphasis>
|
||
Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FEF5F9B1FEAC5AA9" bold="true" box="[276,305,1642,1664]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(d)</emphasis>
|
||
Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FE5CF9B1FE4A5AA9" bold="true" box="[445,471,1642,1664]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(e)</emphasis>
|
||
Distal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FDB0F9B1FDE05AA9" bold="true" box="[593,637,1642,1664]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(f–j)</emphasis>
|
||
SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FB5BF9B1FB4F5AA9" bold="true" box="[1210,1234,1642,1664]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(f)</emphasis>
|
||
Close-up of mesial cusplet.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FF4AF95CFF5A5AB4" bold="true" box="[171,199,1671,1693]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(g)</emphasis>
|
||
Basal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FEA1F95CFEC05AB4" bold="true" box="[320,349,1671,1693]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(h)</emphasis>
|
||
Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FE3FF95CFE705AB4" bold="true" box="[478,493,1671,1693]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">i)</emphasis>
|
||
Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FD9BF95CFD0C5AB4" bold="true" box="[634,657,1671,1693]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(j)</emphasis>
|
||
Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FCF7F95CFCD65AB4" bold="true" box="[790,843,1671,1693]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(k–o)</emphasis>
|
||
SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FAB4F95CFAEF5AB4" bold="true" box="[1365,1394,1671,1693]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(k)</emphasis>
|
||
Closeup of distal cusplet.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FEA6F97EFEC35A92" bold="true" box="[327,350,1701,1723]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(l)</emphasis>
|
||
Basal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FE3FF97EFD9F5A92" bold="true" box="[478,514,1701,1723]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(m)</emphasis>
|
||
Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FD6BF97EFD3A5A92" bold="true" box="[650,679,1701,1723]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(n)</emphasis>
|
||
Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FCDCF97EFCC45A92" bold="true" box="[829,857,1701,1723]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(o)</emphasis>
|
||
Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FC07F97EFB8A5A92" bold="true" box="[998,1047,1701,1723]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(p–t)</emphasis>
|
||
SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FEC5F919FEDC5AF1" bold="true" box="[292,321,1730,1752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(p)</emphasis>
|
||
Close-up of mesial cusplet.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FDB9F919FDE85AF1" bold="true" box="[600,629,1730,1752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(q)</emphasis>
|
||
Basal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FD13F919FC915AF1" bold="true" box="[754,780,1730,1752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(r)</emphasis>
|
||
Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FC73F919FC315AF1" bold="true" box="[914,940,1730,1752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(s)</emphasis>
|
||
Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FBDFF919FBC85AF1" bold="true" box="[1086,1109,1730,1752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(t)</emphasis>
|
||
Mesial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FB3EF919FA895AF1" bold="true" box="[1247,1300,1730,1752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(u–y)</emphasis>
|
||
SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FE2FF904FE765ADC" bold="true" box="[462,491,1759,1781]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(u)</emphasis>
|
||
Close-up of mesial cusplet.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FCE4F904FCBC5ADC" bold="true" box="[773,801,1759,1781]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(v)</emphasis>
|
||
Basal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FC41F904FC5C5ADC" bold="true" box="[928,961,1759,1781]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(w)</emphasis>
|
||
Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FBA9F904FBF95ADC" bold="true" box="[1096,1124,1759,1781]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(x)</emphasis>
|
||
Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FB19F904FA895ADC" bold="true" box="[1272,1300,1759,1781]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(y)</emphasis>
|
||
Distal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FA76F904FF005B3B" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(z– ad)</emphasis>
|
||
SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FD5EF927FD445B3B" bold="true" box="[703,729,1788,1810]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(z)</emphasis>
|
||
Close-up of distal cusplet.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FC09F927FB925B3B" bold="true" box="[1000,1039,1788,1810]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(aa)</emphasis>
|
||
Basal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FB6FF927FB2A5B3B" bold="true" box="[1166,1207,1788,1810]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(ab)</emphasis>
|
||
Lingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FAAAF927FAEC5B3B" bold="true" box="[1355,1393,1788,1810]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(ac)</emphasis>
|
||
Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FF55F8C1FF405B19" bold="true" box="[180,221,1818,1840]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(ad)</emphasis>
|
||
Mesial view. Labial at bottom in
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FDFEF8C1FDA15B19" bold="true" box="[543,572,1818,1840]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(b)</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FDA8F8C1FDF95B19" bold="true" box="[585,612,1818,1840]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(g)</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FD91F8C1FD1A5B19" bold="true" box="[624,647,1818,1840]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(l)</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FD72F8C1FD2D5B19" bold="true" box="[659,688,1818,1840]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(q)</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FD5DF8C1FD455B19" bold="true" box="[700,728,1818,1840]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(v)</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB9FFE5FCEDF8C1FCA95B19" bold="true" box="[780,820,1818,1840]" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">(aa)</emphasis>
|
||
. Scale bars = 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFB8FFE4FF76FDB5FD905FCD" blockId="13.[124,767,176,1921]" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB8FFE4FF76FDB5FEFD5EAF" box="[151,352,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Intermediate teeth.</emphasis>
|
||
A single left intermediate tooth is represented. It measures nearly
|
||
<quantity id="4C96F9D4FFB8FFE4FE53FD54FE705E8F" box="[434,493,655,678]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in total height and
|
||
<quantity id="4C96F9D4FFB8FFE4FD22FD54FD635E8F" box="[707,766,655,678]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width. The crown consists of a rather short and narrow main cusp that is straight and flat in profile (not sigmoid) and slightly distally inclined (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FE24FD35FDAC5F2C" box="[453,561,750,773]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Fig. 5q–s</figureCitation>
|
||
). There is a single pair of lateral cusplets, with the distal cusplet being larger (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FF65FCF5FF4E5F6C" box="[132,211,814,837]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Fig. 5q</figureCitation>
|
||
). The labial face of the main cusp is flat, whereas the lingual face is very convex, and the cutting edge is continuous from the apex to the lateral cusplets. The root is bilobate with short (the distal lobe is longer), divergent lobes having rounded ends (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FEF9FC76FEFF5FED" box="[280,354,941,964]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Fig. 5r</figureCitation>
|
||
). A large lingual boss is bisected by an elongated nutritive groove (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FE40FC16FD9C5FCD" box="[417,513,973,996]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Fig. 5r–t</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFB8FFE4FF76FC36FD09594A" blockId="13.[124,767,176,1921]" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB8FFE4FF76FC36FEED582C" box="[151,368,1005,1029]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Upper lateral teeth.</emphasis>
|
||
Upper lateral teeth can be differentiated from the anterior teeth in that the main cusp is labiolingually thinner, flat, and distally inclined, and the base is broader (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FF3EFB96FED0584D" box="[223,333,1101,1124]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Fig. 5v–x</figureCitation>
|
||
). Root lobes are shorter but wider, and they are more strongly divergent. The first few upper lateral tooth files are identified by their more elongated, narrower, and basally pointed mesial lobe, compared to the short, wide, rounded distal lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FE87FB17FE4358CA" box="[358,478,1228,1251]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Fig. 5v, w</figureCitation>
|
||
). Other lateral teeth have more equidimensional root lobes and are difficult to place into a specific file. Within our sample of upper lateral teeth, it appears that the crown decreases in size but becomes more strongly distally inclined towards the commissure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFB8FFE4FF76FAB7FC265D8E" blockId="13.[124,767,176,1921]" lastBlockId="13.[819,1462,176,1921]" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">
|
||
The main cusp of lateral teeth is broad-based but sharply tapering, distally inclined, and straight in profile view. The labial face is smooth and flat to very weakly convex, but the lingual face is convex (although not as strongly as anterior teeth) and may bear fine vertical ridges on the lower half. The cutting edges are smooth and sharp and extend to the very base of the main cusp. The mesial and distal cutting edges may be straight, but more commonly the upper part of the main cusp appears distally curving because the mesial edge is convex and the distal edge straight to concave (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FD41F950FD6F5A8B" box="[672,754,1675,1698]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Fig. 5v</figureCitation>
|
||
). The base of the cutting edge may be continuous and sharp or sometimes punctuated by one or more rounded-to-pointed denticles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FF0DF931FEA25B28" box="[236,319,1770,1793]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Fig. 5u</figureCitation>
|
||
). The main cusp is usually flanked by a single pair of low, broadly triangular lateral cusplets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FD4FF8D1FF0F5B68" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Fig. 5v, w</figureCitation>
|
||
), but occasionally a poorly developed second pair was observed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FF32F891FEBB5B48" box="[211,294,1866,1889]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Fig. 5u</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lingual face of each cusplet is more convex than the labial face, and the cutting edge is complete from the mesial to distal side. An elongated and deep lingual nutritive groove divides the root into roughly equidimensional, subrectangular lobes with pointed ends (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FABFFF2BFCDE5D0E" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Fig. 5w, y</figureCitation>
|
||
). The interlobe area is V-shaped, and many teeth have a labiobasal depression at the crown base. The lingual dental band is impressed, but the root boss is less distinctive than on anterior teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FC0FFEABFBA05DAE" box="[1006,1085,368,391]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Fig. 5y</figureCitation>
|
||
). Root width is nearly equal to total tooth height.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFB8FFE4FCAFFE74FBA95DCF" blockId="13.[819,1462,176,1921]" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB8FFE4FCAFFE74FBA15DEE" box="[846,1084,431,455]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Upper posterior teeth.</emphasis>
|
||
No upper posterior teeth have been identified in the sample.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFB8FFE4FCAFFE34FADD5FCD" blockId="13.[819,1462,176,1921]" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB8FFE4FCAFFE34FBE95E2E" box="[846,1140,495,519]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">First lower anterior teeth.</emphasis>
|
||
Teeth from this file are not known to exceed
|
||
<quantity id="4C96F9D4FFB8FFE4FC09FDD4FBAD5E0F" box="[1000,1072,527,550]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
in total height. The main cusp is very narrow and may be straight to weakly curved distally, and it is inclined towards the symphysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FB74FD94FA9D5E4F" box="[1173,1280,591,614]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Fig. 6c, d</figureCitation>
|
||
). The labial face is weakly convex and smooth, whereas the lingual face is very convex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FC25FD54FB8E5E8F" box="[964,1043,655,678]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Fig. 6e</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cutting edges are smooth, sharp, and subparallel and do not reach the crown foot. A minuscule tubercle or very short and sharp edge, well separated from the main cutting edge, may occur. A single pair of lateral cusplets flanks the main cusp, and in labial view the mesial cusplet appears to be located higher on the tooth than the distal cusplet (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FC52FC95FB825F4C" box="[947,1055,846,869]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Fig. 6c, d</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cusplets are small, conical, sharply pointed, and lingually curving (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FB62FCB5FB4F5FAC" box="[1155,1234,878,901]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Fig. 6a</figureCitation>
|
||
). The root is laterally compressed and bilobate with a much shorter mesial lobe, and the large lingual boss is bisected by a nutritive groove (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FCDAFC16FC395FCD" box="[827,932,973,996]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Fig. 6b–e</figureCitation>
|
||
). Root height is equal to crown height.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFB8FFE4FCAFFC36FB7759CB" blockId="13.[819,1462,176,1921]" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB8FFE4FCAFFC36FB13582C" box="[846,1166,1005,1029]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Second lower anterior teeth.</emphasis>
|
||
Teeth in this position are symmetrical and reach at least
|
||
<quantity id="4C96F9D4FFB8FFE4FB6FFBD6FB4B580D" box="[1166,1238,1037,1060]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="32.0">32 mm</quantity>
|
||
in total height. The main cusp is tall, narrow, and erect and has a sigmoidal profile (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FC86FB96FC52584D" box="[871,975,1101,1124]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Fig. 6h–j</figureCitation>
|
||
). The labial face is smooth and flat apically but may be more convex near the base, whereas the lingual face is very convex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FBEBFB56FBCC588D" box="[1034,1105,1165,1188]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Fig. 6j</figureCitation>
|
||
) and may bear fine vertical ridges on the lower half. The cutting edges are subparallel and appear biconvex due to medial curvature near their base, and the edges end well before the cusp base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FB07FB37FAD5592A" box="[1254,1352,1260,1283]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Fig. 6h, i</figureCitation>
|
||
). A single pair of conical, sharply pointed, and lingually curved lateral cusplets is present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FBE5FAF7FBCD596A" box="[1028,1104,1324,1347]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Fig. 6f</figureCitation>
|
||
). The root is bilobate with a large lingual boss that is bisected by a deep nutritive groove, and the dental band is wide and impressed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FB0AFAB7FAF159AA" box="[1259,1388,1388,1411]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4C96F9D4FFB8FFE4FAFEFAB7FAA159AA" box="[1311,1340,1388,1411]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="130" unit="g" value="6.0">6g</quantity>
|
||
, i, j
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Root lobes are elongated and of equal length, although the mesial lobe may be slightly wider (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FBB6FA77FB2559EA" box="[1111,1208,1452,1475]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Fig. 6h, i</figureCitation>
|
||
). Root height is roughly one-third (30 %) of the total tooth height.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFB8FFE4FCAFFA30FB2F5AAB" blockId="13.[819,1462,176,1921]" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB8FFE4FCAFFA30FBF65A2A" box="[846,1131,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Third lower anterior teeth.</emphasis>
|
||
These teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FB18FA30FAFF5A2B" box="[1273,1378,1515,1538]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Fig. 6k–o</figureCitation>
|
||
) are essentially the same as those of the second anterior file. However, they can be distinguished by their more divergent root lobes and an elongated and narrower mesial root lobe compared to the distal lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FBD5F9B0FB385AAB" box="[1076,1189,1643,1666]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4C96F9D4FFB8FFE4FB87F9B0FB175AAB" box="[1126,1162,1643,1666]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="6.0">6m</quantity>
|
||
, n
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFB8FFE7FCAFF951FD4B5D6E" blockId="13.[819,1462,176,1921]" lastBlockId="14.[124,767,176,1921]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFB8FFE4FCAFF951FBE35A8B" box="[846,1150,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Fourth lower anterior teeth.</emphasis>
|
||
Teeth in this file (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FAABF950FA325A8B" box="[1354,1455,1675,1698]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Fig. 6p–t</figureCitation>
|
||
) are morphologically similar to those in the third upper anterior file (i.e.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FC3CF911FBD45AC8" box="[989,1097,1738,1761]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Fig. 5k–o</figureCitation>
|
||
), but they differ in that the main cusp is distally inclined but not mesially curving and both root lobes are slightly more elongated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFB8FFE4FB09F8D1FAD35B08" box="[1256,1358,1802,1825]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="130">Fig. 6r, s</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cutting edges very nearly reach the crown foot. A single pair of lateral cusplets flanks the main cusp, and these cusplets bear conspicuous cutting edges and are broader than those on the more proximal anterior teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBBFFE7FE58FF6BFD825CEE" box="[441,543,176,199]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Fig. 6p–s</figureCitation>
|
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). The distal root lobe is shorter, wider, and more rounded than the mesial lobe, which is elongated and pointed at the end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBBFFE7FDB8FF2BFD235D2E" box="[601,702,240,263]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Fig. 6r, s</figureCitation>
|
||
). The root lobes of teeth from this file are more divergent than on the third lower anterior file (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBBFFE7FDEAFEEBFDC35D6E" box="[523,606,304,327]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">
|
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Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4C96F9D4FFBBFFE7FDDDFEEBFDC35D6E" box="[572,606,304,327]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" unit="m" value="6.0">6m</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
to
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBBFFE7FD61FEEBFD575D6E" box="[640,714,304,327]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Fig. 6r</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBBFFE7FF76FE94FDEB5F0C" blockId="14.[124,767,176,1921]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FF76FE94FEF25D4E" box="[151,367,335,359]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Lower lateral teeth.</emphasis>
|
||
Lower lateral teeth can be differentiated from the anterior teeth in that the crown is shorter, labiolingually thinner, and rather flat and cutting edges extend to the crown foot (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBBFFE7FE62FE74FE6A5DEF" box="[387,503,431,454]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Fig. 6w–y</figureCitation>
|
||
). Root lobes are shorter but wider, and they are more widely separated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBBFFE7FD92FE14FD5F5DCF" box="[627,706,463,486]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Fig. 6x</figureCitation>
|
||
). The root lobes in the first few lower lateral files have a slightly shorter and wider mesial lobe compared to the distal lobe, but other lateral teeth have more equidimensional root lobes and are difficult to place into a specific file. Within our sample of lower lateral teeth, it appears that the crown decreases in size and becomes slightly distally inclined towards the commissure. Lower lateral teeth are distinguished from upper lateral teeth by having erect main cusps as opposed to conspicuously distally inclined ones, and root lobes are shorter, lower, and more pointed (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBBFFE7FE49FCD5FE645F0C" box="[424,505,782,805]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Fig. 6w</figureCitation>
|
||
to
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBBFFE7FDFAFCD5FDF45F0C" box="[539,617,782,805]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[124,191,1572,1594]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,297,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[132,1455,294,1541]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. upper-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.117, first upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Basal view. (b) Labial view. (c) Lingual view. (d) Mesial view. (e) Close-up of distal cusplet. (f–j) SC2013.44.119, second upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Basal view. (g) Labial view. (h) Lingual view. (i) Mesial view. (j) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (k–o) SC2013.44.122, third upper left anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Basal view. (l) Labial view. (m) Lingual view. (n) Mesial view. (o) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (p–t) SC2013.44.120, upper left intermediate tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet.(q) Labial view. (r) Lingual view.(s) Mesial view. (t) Basal view.(u–y) SC2004.34.175, upper left lateral tooth (holotype). (u) Close-up of mesial denticle and cusplets. (v) Labial view. (w) Lingual view. (x) Mesial view. (y) Basal view. Labial at top in (a), (f), (k), (t), and (y). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359727/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Fig. 5v</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBBFFE7FF76FCF5FE1959CB" blockId="14.[124,767,176,1921]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">
|
||
In general, the main cusp is broad-based but sharply tapering, vertical to slightly distally inclined, and virtually flat with little to no lingual curvature. The labial face is smooth and flat to very weakly convex, but the lingual face is convex (although not as strongly as on anterior teeth) and may bear fine vertical ridges on the lower half. The cutting edges are smooth and sharp and extend to the very base of the main cusp (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBBFFE7FF5BFBD6FE95580D" box="[186,264,1037,1060]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Fig. 6u</figureCitation>
|
||
). The mesial and distal cutting edges are usually straight, but some teeth exhibit a mesial edge that is convex on its upper part. The base of the cutting edge may be smooth and continuous or punctuated by one or more rounded-to-pointed denticles. The main cusp is flanked by a single pair of low, broadly triangular lateral cusplets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBBFFE7FDB3FB76FD5858ED" box="[594,709,1197,1220]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Fig. 6w, v</figureCitation>
|
||
), but a poorly developed second pair on one or both sides sometimes occurs. The lingual face of the cusplet is more convex than the labial face, and the cutting edge is complete from the mesial to distal side. An elongated and deep lingual nutritive groove divides the root into low, roughly equidimensional lobes with rounded or pointed ends (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBBFFE7FDB1FAB7FD5D59AA" box="[592,704,1388,1411]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Fig. 6w, x</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lingual dental band is impressed, but the root boss is less distinctive than on anterior teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBBFFE7FE22FA77FDB659EA" box="[451,555,1452,1475]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Fig. 6v, y</figureCitation>
|
||
). Root width nearly equals total tooth height.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBBFFE7FF76FA30FD965BA8" blockId="14.[124,767,176,1921]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FF76FA30FE1E5A2A" box="[151,387,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Lower posterior teeth.</emphasis>
|
||
A single lower posterior tooth measures
|
||
<quantity id="4C96F9D4FFBBFFE7FF59F9D0FF6E5A0B" box="[184,243,1547,1570]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height and 5.5 mm in width. The crown is very low, broadly triangular, bluntly pointed, and slightly distally directed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBBFFE7FF03F990FEBF5A4B" box="[226,290,1611,1634]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
ab, ac). There is a single pair of rather large but low, broad, and blunt lateral cusplets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBBFFE7FDA9F9B0FD055AAB" box="[584,664,1643,1666]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Fig. 6z</figureCitation>
|
||
, ac). The labial crown face is flat and bears heavy basal vertical wrinkling. The root is bilobate and bisected by a lingual nutritive groove (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBBFFE7FEE0F911FEDD5AC8" box="[257,320,1738,1761]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
aa, ac). Lobes are short, wide, and basally pointed, separated by a V-shaped interlobe area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135548B4FFBBFFE7FD7DF931FD435B28" box="[668,734,1770,1793]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[124,191,1584,1606]" captionTargetBox="[136,1451,257,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-13@12.[132,1455,253,1552]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov. lower-dentition hypodigm, Eocene (Bartonian) Clinchfield Formation, Hardie Mine, Wilkinson County, Georgia, USA. (a–e) SC2013.44.128, first lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (a) Close-up of distal cusplet. (b) Basal view. (c) Labial view.(d) Lingual view. (e) Distal view.(f–j) SC2013.44.130, second lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (f) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (g) Basal view. (h) Labial view. i) Lingual view. (j) Mesial view. (k–o) SC2013.44.132, lower right anterior tooth (paratype). (k) Closeup of distal cusplet. (l) Basal view. (m) Labial view. (n) Lingual view. (o) Mesial view. (p–t) SC2004.34.182, fourth lower left anterior tooth (paratype). (p) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (q) Basal view. (r) Labial view. (s) Lingual view. (t) Mesial view. (u–y) SC2013.44.157, lower left lateral tooth (paratype). (u) Close-up of mesial cusplet. (v) Basal view. (w) Labial view. (x) Lingual view. (y) Distal view. (z– ad) SC2004.34.181, lower right posterior tooth (paratype). (z) Close-up of distal cusplet. (aa) Basal view. (ab) Lingual view. (ac) Labial view. (ad) Mesial view. Labial at bottom in (b), (g), (l), (q), (v), and (aa). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359729/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
ab, ac). Posterior teeth having a very low, convex crown that is poorly differentiated from the lateral cusplets, like those occurring near the jaw commissure of extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FDD6F891FD655B4B" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1810" box="[567,760,1866,1890]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Carcharias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FDD6F891FD655B4B" box="[567,760,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Carcharias taurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are unknown for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FED3F8B2FE2E5BA8" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[306,435,1897,1921]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parmleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FED3F8B2FE2E5BA8" box="[306,435,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">M. parmleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBBFFE7FE58F8B1FD965BA8" box="[441,523,1898,1921]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37407BAFFBBFFF9FCD2FF74FF5C588D" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBBFFE7FCD2FF74FC075CEE" blockId="14.[819,922,175,199]" box="[819,922,175,199]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FCD2FF74FC075CEE" bold="true" box="[819,922,175,199]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBBFFE7FCD2FF2BFB135EEC" blockId="14.[819,1463,240,1921]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FCD2FF2BFBAC5D21" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[819,1073,240,264]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parmleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FCD2FF2BFBAC5D21" box="[819,1073,240,264]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Mennerotodus parmleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBBFFE7FBD9FF2BFB165D2E" box="[1080,1163,240,263]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FAF9FF2BFA2B5D21" authorityName="Zhelezko" authorityYear="1994" box="[1304,1462,240,264]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glueckmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FAF9FF2BFA2B5D21" box="[1304,1462,240,264]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">M. glueckmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(including
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FC49FECBFBFF5D01" box="[936,1122,272,296]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">
|
||
M. g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FC09FECBFBFF5D01" authorityName="Zhelezko" authorityYear="1994" box="[1000,1122,272,296]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glueckmani">glueckmani</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FB79FECBFADC5D01" box="[1176,1345,272,296]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">M. g. usunbassi</emphasis>
|
||
) in having anterior teeth that do not exceed 3.5 cm in total height and in lateral teeth generally having only a single pair of lateral cusplets (on rare occasions there is a second diminutive cusplet on one or both sides of the main cusp). In contrast, anterior
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FCD2FE74FC4D5DEE" authorityName="Zhelezko" authorityYear="1994" box="[819,976,431,455]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glueckmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FCD2FE74FC4D5DEE" box="[819,976,431,455]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">M. glueckmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
teeth can attain
|
||
<quantity id="4C96F9D4FFBBFFE7FB98FE74FB365DEF" box="[1145,1195,431,454]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
|
||
in total height and lateral teeth have two pairs of mesial and distal cusplets. The lower lateral tooth of
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FC35FE34FBEE5E2E" box="[980,1139,495,519]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">M. g. boktensis</emphasis>
|
||
illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF29C0FFBBFFE7FAE8FE34FA2F5E2F" author="Zhelezko, V. I." box="[1289,1458,495,518]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" pagination="47 - 62" refId="ref22481" refString="Zhelezko, V. I.: Sharks of family Jaekelotodontidae of European and middle Asian paleobiogeographic provinces, Bulletin of the Moscow Society of Naturalists, 69, 47 - 62, 1994." type="journal article" year="1994">Zhelezko (1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 6.3) has two pairs of lateral cusplets, and the mesial and distal cusplets of the upper left lateral tooth (pl. 6.4) are broad and appear to be serrated. The crown of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FB3FFD95FAC25E4F" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[1246,1375,590,614]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parmleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FB3FFD95FAC25E4F" box="[1246,1375,590,614]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">M. parmleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBBFFE7FA84FD94FA2A5E4F" box="[1381,1463,591,614]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is less curved than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FBADFDB5FAC75EAF" box="[1100,1370,622,646]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="glueckmani" subSpecies="usunbassi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FBADFDB5FAC75EAF" box="[1100,1370,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">M. glueckmani usunbassi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the root lobes are more elongated than on the teeth of both
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FA9EFD55FC305EEF" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">
|
||
M. g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FCD2FD75FC305EEF" authorityName="Zhelezko" authorityYear="1994" box="[819,941,686,710]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glueckmani">glueckmani</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FC00FD75FB155EEF" box="[993,1160,686,710]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">M. g. usunbassi</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBBFFE7FCAFFD15FB0A584D" blockId="14.[819,1463,240,1921]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FCAFFD15FBCD5ECF" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[846,1104,718,742]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parmleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FCAFFD15FBCD5ECF" box="[846,1104,718,742]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Mennerotodus parmleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBBFFE7FBBAFD15FB2F5ECC" box="[1115,1202,718,741]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
attains a larger overall size than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FC74FD35FB925F2F" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[917,1039,750,774]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackayi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FC74FD35FB925F2F" box="[917,1039,750,774]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">M. mackayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBBFFE7FBF4FD35FBFB5F2C" box="[1045,1126,750,773]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(i.e., anterior teeth reach 3.3 cm in height vs. 2.4 cm). When present, denticulation on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FA78FCD5FC0C5F6C" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parmleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FA78FCD5FC0C5F6C" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">M. parmleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBBFFE7FC79FCF5FC765F6C" box="[920,1003,814,837]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is more conspicuous and more extensively developed than on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FC1BFC96FBE95F4C" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[1018,1140,845,869]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackayi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FC1BFC96FBE95F4C" box="[1018,1140,845,869]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">M. mackayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBBFFE7FB9BFC95FB565F4C" box="[1146,1227,846,869]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
In addition, upper lateral teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FC23FCB6FBDB5FAC" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[962,1094,877,901]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parmleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FC23FCB6FBDB5FAC" box="[962,1094,877,901]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">M. parmleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBBFFE7FBAEFCB5FB395FAC" box="[1103,1188,878,901]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are as wide (root width) as they are tall (total tooth height), whereas equivalent teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FCB2FC76FC4C5FEC" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[851,977,941,965]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackayi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FCB2FC76FC4C5FEC" box="[851,977,941,965]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">M. mackayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBBFFE7FC3BFC76FBB25FED" box="[986,1071,941,964]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are taller than they are wide. Also, lingual faces of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FC3CFC16FBC35FCC" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[989,1118,973,997]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parmleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FC3CFC16FBC35FCC" box="[989,1118,973,997]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">M. parmleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBBFFE7FB85FC16FB285FCD" box="[1124,1205,973,996]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
teeth may bear fine longitudinal ridges, but crown enameloid of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FB04FC36FAC2582C" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[1253,1375,1005,1029]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackayi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FB04FC36FAC2582C" box="[1253,1375,1005,1029]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">M. mackayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBBFFE7FA84FC36FA2A582D" box="[1381,1463,1005,1028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is generally smooth. In nearly all tooth positions, the ratio of crown height to root height is greater on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FB3EFBF6FAFD586C" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[1247,1376,1069,1093]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parmleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FB3EFBF6FAFD586C" box="[1247,1376,1069,1093]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">M. parmleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBBFFE7FA84FBF6FA2A586D" box="[1381,1463,1069,1092]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
teeth than on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FC22FB97FBA2584D" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[963,1087,1100,1124]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackayi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FC22FB97FBA2584D" box="[963,1087,1100,1124]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">M. mackayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBBFFE7FBA4FB96FB0A584D" box="[1093,1175,1101,1124]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBBFFE7FCAFFBB6FA8B592A" blockId="14.[819,1463,240,1921]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">
|
||
The upper lateral
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FBF6FBB7FB4458AD" box="[1047,1241,1132,1156]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FBF6FBB7FB3258AD" box="[1047,1199,1132,1156]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Mennerotodus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tooth illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF29C0FFBBFFE7FCD2FB56FB8C588D" author="Dutheil, D. B. & Moreau, F. & De Ploeg, G." box="[819,1041,1165,1188]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref20135" refString="Dutheil, D. B., Moreau, F., and De Ploeg, G.: Les ichthyofaunes du gisement a ambre de Le Quesnoy (PalOocLne et EocLne du bassin de Paris, France), Cossmanniana, 11, 1 - 13, 2006." type="journal article" year="2006">Dutheil et al. (2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 2.3) differs from all available
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FA78FB57FC0C58ED" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parmleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FA78FB57FC0C58ED" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">M. parmleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBBFFE7FC7BFB76FC7358ED" box="[922,1006,1197,1220]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
upper lateral teeth in that the mesial cusplet is serrated, as opposed to denticulation occurring at the base of the main cusp (medial to the cusplet).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBBFFE7FCAFFAD7FA2E5A8B" blockId="14.[819,1463,240,1921]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">
|
||
In their report on the fossil sharks from the Clinchfield Formation in central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37914A1FFBBFFE7FB9FFAF7FB4B596A" box="[1150,1238,1324,1347]" name="Georgia" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF29C0FFBBFFE7FB0FFAF7FC4F594A" author="Parmley, D. & Cicimurri, D. J." pageId="14" pageNumber="131" pagination="153 - 179" refId="ref21194" refString="Parmley, D. and Cicimurri, D. J.: Late Eocene sharks of the Hardie Mine local fauna of Wilkinson County, Georgia, Georgia J. Sci., 61, 153 - 179, 2003." type="journal article" year="2003">Parmley and Cicimurri (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported several
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FB70FA90FA94594A" baseAuthorityName="Cappetta and Nolf" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1169,1289,1355,1379]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Carcharias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FB70FA90FA94594A" box="[1169,1289,1355,1379]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Carcharias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like tooth morphologies that they identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FB4FFAB0FA3259AA" baseAuthorityName="Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[1198,1455,1387,1411]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Carcharias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FB4FFAB0FA3259AA" box="[1198,1455,1387,1411]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Carcharias acutissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FCD2FA50FC0E598A" box="[819,915,1419,1443]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Carcharias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hopei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FCD2FA50FC0E598A" box="[819,915,1419,1443]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">C. hopei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FC23FA50FB39598A" baseAuthorityName="Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[962,1188,1419,1443]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Hypotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verticalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FC23FA50FB39598A" box="[962,1188,1419,1443]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Hypotodus verticalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF29C0FFBBFFE7FB59FA57FACA598A" author="Agassiz, L." box="[1208,1367,1420,1443]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" refId="ref19377" refString="Agassiz, L.: Recherches sur les poissons fossils, Neuchatel, Switzerland, https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4275, 1843." type="book" year="1843">Agassiz, 1843</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FA91FA50FCC559EA" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Carcharias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="koerti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FA91FA50FCC559EA" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">C. koerti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FC62FA70FB1559EA" baseAuthorityName="Stromer" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[899,1160,1451,1475]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Brachycarcharias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="koerti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FC62FA70FB1559EA" box="[899,1160,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Brachycarcharias koerti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF29C0FFBBFFE7FB79FA77FAA859EA" author="Stromer, E." box="[1176,1333,1452,1475]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" pagination="478 - 505" refId="ref22001" refString="Stromer, E.: Reptilien und Fischreste aus dem marinen Alttertiar von Sudtogo (West Africa), Monatsbericht der deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft, 62, 478 - 505, 1910." type="journal article" year="1910">Stromer, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FA98FA70FB5C59CB" authority="(Agassiz, 1843)" baseAuthorityName="Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Striatolamia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrota">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FA98FA70FC1959CA" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Striatolamia</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FC53FA10FB9459CA" box="[946,1033,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">macrota</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF29C0FFBBFFE7FBFBFA10FB2459CB" author="Agassiz, L." box="[1050,1209,1483,1506]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" refId="ref19377" refString="Agassiz, L.: Recherches sur les poissons fossils, Neuchatel, Switzerland, https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4275, 1843." type="book" year="1843">Agassiz, 1843</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The lateral teeth they identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FC26FA30FBB45A2A" baseAuthorityName="Stromer" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[967,1065,1515,1539]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Brachycarcharias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="koerti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FC26FA30FBB45A2A" box="[967,1065,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">C. koerti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distinctive for their large size, broadly triangular main cusp, and two pairs of robust and diverging lateral cusplets. We believe that this morphology is more appropriately identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FB6AF991FC7A5AAB" authority="(Case, 1981)" baseAuthorityName="Case" baseAuthorityYear="1981" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Brachycarcharias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="twiggsensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FB6AF991FCD25AAB" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Brachycarcharias twiggsensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF29C0FFBBFFE7FC80F9B0FC435AAB" author="Case, G. R." box="[865,990,1643,1666]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" pagination="52 - 79" refId="ref19808" refString="Case, G. R.: Late Eocene selachians from South-central Georgia, Palaeontogr. Abt. A, 176, 52 - 79, 1981." type="journal article" year="1981">Case, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and this taxon will not be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FCD2F951FBAD5A8B" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[819,1072,1674,1698]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parmleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FCD2F951FBAD5A8B" box="[819,1072,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Mennerotodus parmleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBBFFE7FBD6F950FB145A8B" box="[1079,1161,1675,1698]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF29C0FFBBFFE7FB28F950FA3A5A8B" author="Ebersole, J. A. & Cicimurri, D. J. & Stringer, G. L." box="[1225,1447,1675,1698]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" pagination="1 - 274" refId="ref20185" refString="Ebersole, J. A., Cicimurri, D. J., and Stringer, G. L.: Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, Eur. J. Taxon., 585, 1 - 274, https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2019.585, 2019." type="journal article" year="2019">Ebersole et al., 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBBFFF9FCAFF970FD185DAE" blockId="14.[819,1463,240,1921]" lastBlockId="16.[124,767,176,1188]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">
|
||
Of the three remaining taxa,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF29C0FFBBFFE7FB98F970FA2B5AEB" author="Parmley, D. & Cicimurri, D. J." box="[1145,1462,1707,1730]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" pagination="153 - 179" refId="ref21194" refString="Parmley, D. and Cicimurri, D. J.: Late Eocene sharks of the Hardie Mine local fauna of Wilkinson County, Georgia, Georgia J. Sci., 61, 153 - 179, 2003." type="journal article" year="2003">Parmley and Cicimurri (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
differentiated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FC2DF911FB575ACB" baseAuthorityName="Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[972,1226,1738,1762]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Carcharias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FC2DF911FB575ACB" box="[972,1226,1738,1762]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">Carcharias acutissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FAF3F911FAF25ACB" box="[1298,1391,1738,1762]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Carcharias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hopei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FAF3F911FAF25ACB" box="[1298,1391,1738,1762]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">C. hopei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based primarily on the presence or absence of lingual crown ornamentation. However, our examination of two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBBFFE7FAAFF8D1FA2B5B0B" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1810" box="[1358,1462,1802,1826]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Carcharias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBBFFE7FAAFF8D1FA2B5B0B" box="[1358,1462,1802,1826]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="131">C. taurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
dentitions (SC86.62.6 and SC2000.120.6) showed that these features are variable and may not be taxonomically significant (also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF29C0FFBBFFE7FC4DF8B1FBC75BA8" author="Applegate, S. P." box="[940,1114,1898,1921]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref19479" refString="Applegate, S. P.: Tooth terminology and variation in sharks with special reference to the sand shark Carcharias taurus Rafinesque, Contributions to Science, Los Angeles County Museum, 86, 1 - 18, 1965." type="journal article" year="1965">Applegate 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF29C0FFBBFFE7FB86F8B1FAB35BA8" author="Purdy, R. W. & Schneider, V. P. & Applegate, S. P. & McLellan, J. H. & Meyer, R. I. & Slaughter, B. H." box="[1127,1326,1898,1921]" pageId="14" pageNumber="131" pagination="71 - 202" refId="ref21263" refString="Purdy, R. W., Schneider, V. P., Applegate, S. P., McLellan, J. H., Meyer, R. I., and Slaughter, B. H.: Neogene sharks, rays, and bony fishes from Lee Creek Mine, Aurora, North Carolina, in: Geology and Palaeontology of the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina, III, edited by: Ray, C. E. and Bohaska, D., Sm. C. Geol., 90, 71 - 202, https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810266.90, 2001." type="journal article" year="2001">Purdy et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Our evaluation of the Clinchfield Formation odontaspidid teeth leads us to conclude that the material identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFA5FFF9FD8AFF0BFD625CC1" box="[619,767,208,232]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Carcharias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFA5FFF9FD8AFF0BFD625CC1" box="[619,767,208,232]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="133">C. acutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFA5FFF9FF48FF2BFE9F5D21" box="[169,258,240,264]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Carcharias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hopei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFA5FFF9FF48FF2BFE9F5D21" box="[169,258,240,264]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="133">C. hopei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF29C0FFA5FFF9FEC8FF2BFDF45D2E" author="Parmley, D. & Cicimurri, D. J." box="[297,617,240,263]" pageId="16" pageNumber="133" pagination="153 - 179" refId="ref21194" refString="Parmley, D. and Cicimurri, D. J.: Late Eocene sharks of the Hardie Mine local fauna of Wilkinson County, Georgia, Georgia J. Sci., 61, 153 - 179, 2003." type="journal article" year="2003">Parmley and Cicimurri (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is conspecific and represents variation within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFA5FFF9FE36FECBFD4A5D01" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[471,727,272,296]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parmleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFA5FFF9FE36FECBFD4A5D01" box="[471,727,272,296]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="133">Mennerotodus parmleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFA5FFF9FD01FECBFF345D6E" pageId="16" pageNumber="133" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
This is corroborated by the fact that those authors noted (p. 161) that some of their
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFA5FFF9FE4AFE94FD955D4E" box="[427,520,335,359]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Carcharias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hopei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFA5FFF9FE4AFE94FD955D4E" box="[427,520,335,359]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="133">C. hopei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lateral teeth exhibited “serrations” between the cusplets and main cusp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1104B9FFBAFFE6FF9DF9EDFCEB5BA4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11359731" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11359731" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11359731/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" startId="15.[124,191,1590,1612]" targetBox="[188,1397,177,1558]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFBAFFE6FF9DF9EDFCEB5BA4" blockId="15.[124,1463,1590,1933]" pageId="15" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBAFFE6FF9DF9EDFF465A65" bold="true" box="[124,219,1590,1612]" pageId="15" pageNumber="132">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Lingual view of right dentitions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBAFFE6FDA6F9EDFD655A62" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1810" box="[583,760,1590,1611]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Carcharias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBAFFE6FDA6F9EDFD655A62" box="[583,760,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="132">Carcharias taurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBAFFE6FCE9F9EDFC745A62" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[776,1001,1590,1611]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackayi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBAFFE6FCE9F9EDFC745A62" box="[776,1001,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="132">Mennerotodus mackayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBAFFE6FC13F9ECFBDF5A65" box="[1010,1090,1591,1612]" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBAFFE6FB9BF9EDFAFD5A62" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[1146,1376,1590,1611]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parmleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBAFFE6FB9BF9EDFAFD5A62" box="[1146,1376,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="132">Mennerotodus parmleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBAFFE6FA8BF9ECFA2A5A65" box="[1386,1463,1591,1612]" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBAFFE6FF9DF988FF2C5A40" bold="true" box="[124,177,1619,1641]" pageId="15" pageNumber="132">(a–b)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBAFFE6FF5AF988FE845A41" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1810" box="[187,281,1619,1640]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Carcharias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBAFFE6FF5AF988FE845A41" box="[187,281,1619,1640]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="132">C. taurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, unnumbered specimen from Gordon Hubbell Collection, natural tooth set.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBAFFE6FBFBF988FBA85A40" bold="true" box="[1050,1077,1619,1641]" pageId="15" pageNumber="132">(a)</emphasis>
|
||
Upper dentition.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBAFFE6FB0AF988FA955A40" bold="true" box="[1259,1288,1619,1641]" pageId="15" pageNumber="132">(b)</emphasis>
|
||
Lower dentition.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBAFFE6FF9DF9ABFF2D5AAF" bold="true" box="[124,176,1648,1670]" pageId="15" pageNumber="132">(c–d)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBAFFE6FF58F9AAFEB65AAF" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[185,299,1649,1670]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackayi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBAFFE6FF58F9AAFEB65AAF" box="[185,299,1649,1670]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="132">M. mackayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBAFFE6FED5F9AAFE1E5AAF" box="[308,387,1649,1670]" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, artificial tooth set.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBAFFE6FDAAF9ABFDF85AAF" bold="true" box="[587,613,1648,1670]" pageId="15" pageNumber="132">(c)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBAFFE6FD8EF9AAFD7C5AAF" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[623,737,1649,1670]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackayi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBAFFE6FD8EF9AAFD7C5AAF" box="[623,737,1649,1670]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="132">M. mackayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBAFFE6FD0BF9AAFCAA5AAF" box="[746,823,1649,1670]" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
upper dentition, from left to right: MSC 42411, paratype; MSC 42408, paratype; MSC 42413, paratype (reversed); MSC 42495; MSC 42718; MSC 42412, holotype; MSC 42421; MSC 42494; MSC 42497; MSC 42416 (reversed).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBAFFE6FE52F970FE4D5AE8" bold="true" box="[435,464,1707,1729]" pageId="15" pageNumber="132">(d)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBAFFE6FE39F970FDD45AE9" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[472,585,1707,1728]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackayi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBAFFE6FE39F970FDD45AE9" box="[472,585,1707,1728]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="132">M. mackayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBAFFE6FDB0F970FD005AE9" box="[593,669,1707,1728]" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
lower dentition, from left to right: MSC 42407, paratype; MSC 42405, paratype (reversed); MSC 42410, paratype; MSC 42406, paratype (reversed); MSC 42719 (reversed); MSC 42409, paratype; MSC 42500; MSC 42498; MSC 42501; MSC 42632.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBAFFE6FE34F93EFD995AD2" bold="true" box="[469,516,1765,1787]" pageId="15" pageNumber="132">(e–f)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBAFFE6FDECF93DFD195AD2" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[525,644,1766,1787]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parmleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBAFFE6FDECF93DFD195AD2" box="[525,644,1766,1787]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="132">M. parmleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBAFFE6FD6CF93DFD405AD2" box="[653,733,1766,1787]" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, artificial tooth set.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBAFFE6FC44F93EFC5D5AD2" bold="true" box="[933,960,1765,1787]" pageId="15" pageNumber="132">(e)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBAFFE6FC28F93DFBDD5AD2" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[969,1088,1766,1787]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parmleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBAFFE6FC28F93DFBDD5AD2" box="[969,1088,1766,1787]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="132">M. parmleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBAFFE6FBABF93DFB0A5AD2" box="[1098,1175,1766,1787]" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
upper dentition, from left to right: SC2013.44.117, paratype; SC2013.44.119, paratype (reversed); SC2013.44.122, paratype (reversed); SC2013.44.120, paratype (reversed); SC2004.34.175, holotype (reversed); SC2004.34.178; SC2004.34.179; SC2004.34.177 (reversed); SC2013.44.1123 (reversed); SC2013.44.153; SC2004.34.38.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBAFFE6FE5BF8E6FE4F5B7A" bold="true" box="[442,466,1853,1875]" pageId="15" pageNumber="132">(f)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFBAFFE6FE3AF8E6FDCE5B7B" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[475,595,1853,1874]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parmleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFBAFFE6FE3AF8E6FDCE5B7B" box="[475,595,1853,1874]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="132">M. parmleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFBAFFE6FDBCF8E5FD365B7A" box="[605,683,1854,1875]" pageId="15" pageNumber="132" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
lower dentition, from left to right: SC2013.44.128, paratype; SC2013.44.130, paratype; SC2013.44.132, paratype; SC2004.34.182, paratype; SC2013.44.157, paratype; SC2004.34.176 (reversed); SC2013.44.154; SC2013.44.155; SC2013.44.156; SC2004.34.181, paratype. Scale bars = 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD15431FFA5FFF9FF76FE4BFF5C588D" blockId="16.[124,767,176,1188]" pageId="16" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF29C0FFA5FFF9FF76FE4BFE4E5D8E" author="Parmley, D. & Cicimurri, D. J." box="[151,467,400,423]" pageId="16" pageNumber="133" pagination="153 - 179" refId="ref21194" refString="Parmley, D. and Cicimurri, D. J.: Late Eocene sharks of the Hardie Mine local fauna of Wilkinson County, Georgia, Georgia J. Sci., 61, 153 - 179, 2003." type="journal article" year="2003">Parmley and Cicimurri (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described their
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFA5FFF9FD9BFE54FF695DEE" baseAuthorityName="Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Striatolamia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrota">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFA5FFF9FD9BFE54FD625D8E" box="[634,767,399,423]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="133">Striatolamia</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFA5FFF9FF7CFE74FF695DEE" box="[157,244,431,455]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="133">macrota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tooth as having lingual crown ornamentation and cutting edges extending to the crown foot. Based on our reconstruction of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFA5FFF9FEB7FE34FDCB5E2E" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[342,598,495,519]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parmleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFA5FFF9FEB7FE34FDCB5E2E" box="[342,598,495,519]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="133">Mennerotodus parmleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFA5FFF9FD80FE34FD2A5E2F" box="[609,695,495,518]" pageId="16" pageNumber="133" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
dentition, this tooth represents a very large (adult)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFA5FFF9FDBBFDD4FD465E0E" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[602,731,527,551]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parmleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFA5FFF9FDBBFDD4FD465E0E" box="[602,731,527,551]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="133">M. parmleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFA5FFF9FD01FDD4FF345E6F" pageId="16" pageNumber="133" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
distally located anterior tooth. Anterior teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFA5FFF9FD4CFDF5FE855E4F" baseAuthorityName="Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Striatolamia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrota">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFA5FFF9FD4CFDF5FE855E4F" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="133">Striatolamia macrota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that we examined in large samples from the Bartonian Tupelo Bay Formation of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA9AD3FFA5FFF9FDE6FDB4FD355EAF" box="[519,680,623,646]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="16" pageNumber="133">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
(at SC) and Gosport Sand of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA9AD3FFA5FFF9FE86FD54FE5A5E8F" box="[359,455,655,678]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="16" pageNumber="133">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
(at MSC) show that the lingual crown ornamentation is very robust and extends to at least two-thirds of the crown height, and lateral cusplets are diminutive. Additionally, when compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFA5FFF9FDB9FD35FD475F2F" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[600,730,750,774]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parmleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFA5FFF9FDB9FD35FD475F2F" box="[600,730,750,774]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="133">M. parmleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFA5FFF9FD01FD35FF365F0C" pageId="16" pageNumber="133" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, lateral teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFA5FFF9FEBEFCD5FE4E5F0F" baseAuthorityName="Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[351,467,782,806]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Striatolamia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrota">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFA5FFF9FEBEFCD5FE4E5F0F" box="[351,467,782,806]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="133">S. macrota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a broader crown with a less pointed apex, lateral cusplets (single pair) are broader and rounded (the distal cusplet being larger than the mesial one), and root lobes are shorter but broader. The single intermediate tooth we attribute to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFA5FFF9FE23FC56FDDB5F8C" authority="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin, 2020" authorityName="Cicimurri & Ebersole & Martin" authorityYear="2020" box="[450,582,909,933]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Mennerotodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parmleyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFA5FFF9FE23FC56FDDB5F8C" box="[450,582,909,933]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="133">M. parmleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2293558FFA5FFF9FDAEFC55FD395F8C" box="[591,676,910,933]" pageId="16" pageNumber="133" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is identical to intermediate teeth occurring on the upper jaws of the two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFA5FFF9FF39FC16FEA35FCC" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1810" box="[216,318,973,997]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Carcharias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFA5FFF9FF39FC16FEA35FCC" box="[216,318,973,997]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="133">C. taurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
dentitions we examined (SC86.62.6 and SC2000.120.6). Of the two other lamniform sharks occurring within the Clinchfield Formation, the teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFA5FFF9FD98FBD6FE80586C" authorityName="Pleurodira Cope" authorityYear="1864" baseAuthorityName="Leriche" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lamiostomatidae" genus="Macrorhizodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praecursor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFA5FFF9FD98FBD6FE80586C" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="133">Macrorhizodus praecursor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack lateral cusplets and the teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E2FB2FFA5FFF9FD4BFBF6FEED584D" baseAuthorityName="Case" baseAuthorityYear="1981" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Brachycarcharias" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="twiggsensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A8823FFA5FFF9FD4BFBF6FEED584D" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="133">Brachycarcharias twiggsensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are larger in overall size, have much broader crowns, and have much larger lateral cusplets (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF29C0FFA5FFF9FD22FBB6FF28588D" author="Case, G. R." pageId="16" pageNumber="133" pagination="52 - 79" refId="ref19808" refString="Case, G. R.: Late Eocene selachians from South-central Georgia, Palaeontogr. Abt. A, 176, 52 - 79, 1981." type="journal article" year="1981">Case, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |