treatments-xml/data/03/C7/87/03C7879FB238FFB9FDA2FEACFBFBFECA.xml

<document id="56CF7EF440931841E6052FC1FC7670BE" ID-CLB-Dataset="58364" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2023.870.2117" ID-GBIF-Dataset="37f0c764-99c1-45f4-8836-86741dcabd2b" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7938618" ID-ZooBank="3FDD6064-3107-4540-B587-9D02C01DF5B8" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1684177581903" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Calero, Belén &amp; Ramil, Fran" docDate="2023" docId="03C7879FB238FFB9FDA2FEACFBFBFECA" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-870_46-75.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 870" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.870.2117" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Astrodendrum juancarlosi Calero &amp; Ramil 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="ECD0622E-6FAF-4C72-B102-F1B94D8ECBFB" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="FFFEFFE7B235FFACFFE8FFC1FF86FFE9" masterDocTitle="Euryalida (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from Northwest Africa" masterLastPageNumber="75" masterPageNumber="46" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1699515630199" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:namePart id="F44DD88A8C700FF889BB6B7F60FD40E4">Calero, Belén</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FDA789C2E875AC38210150B4E50D674B">Vigo - Centro de Investigación Mariña, Facultade de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade de Vigo, E- 36310 Vigo, Spain. &amp; Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, E- 36310 Vigo, Spain.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7613105B8CF79C7F26A06162D868665A">Ramil, Fran</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8A282F4E854A5D930141059DED29A55D">Vigo - Centro de Investigación Mariña, Facultade de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade de Vigo, E- 36310 Vigo, Spain.</mods:affiliation>
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<heading id="D09981E5B238FFA1FDA2FEACFC6CFE61" box="[586,1002,365,392]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB238FFA1FDA2FEACFC0EFE61" authority="Calero &amp; Ramil, 2023" authorityName="Calero &amp; Ramil" authorityYear="2023" box="[586,904,365,392]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="juancarlosi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB238FFA1FDA2FEACFC0EFE61" bold="true" box="[586,904,365,392]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">Astrodendrum juancarlosi</emphasis>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 
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<subSubSection id="C3746502B238FFA1FD29FE75FCF5FE27" box="[705,883,436,462]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD13689B238FFA1FD29FE75FCF5FE27" blockId="13.[359,1229,365,462]" box="[705,883,436,462]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">
<figureCitation id="13552A0CB238FFA1FD29FE75FCBDFE27" box="[705,827,436,462]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[187,230,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[252,1336,265,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-12@8.[252,1336,265,1818]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 3. A–B. Asteronyx loveni Müller &amp; Troschel, 1842 collected from Mauritanian waters on Distichoptilum gracile Verrill, 1882. C. Asterochema inornatum Koehler, 1906 collected from Western Sahara waters on Paramuricea sp. Koelliker, 1865. D. Ophiocreas oedipus Lyman, 1879 collected from Western Sahara waters, on Acanthogorgiidae indet. E–F. Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov. (LZM-UV Bissau-0810-06146), specimens collected from Guinea Bissau waters. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7938625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7938625/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">Figs 3E–F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13552A0CB238FFA1FCAFFE75FCF5FE27" box="[839,883,436,462]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="14.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionStartId-1="15.[191,234,1927,1953]" captionStartId-2="16.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,649,1919]" captionTargetBox-1="[222,1370,265,1889]" captionTargetBox-2="[238,1348,265,1820]" captionTargetId-0="figure-106@14.[189,1398,628,1919]" captionTargetId-1="figure-13@15.[222,1370,265,1889]" captionTargetId-2="figure-11@16.[238,1348,265,1820]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionTargetPageId-2="16" captionText-0="Fig. 7. Map from the study area with the location of the stations where Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov. were collected during the ten surveys off Northwest Africa." captionText-1="Fig. 8. Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov. (MNCN 29.02/1534). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Detail of dorsal view. D. Detail of disc granules. E. Detail of ventral view. F. Interradial surface of lateral disc and genital slits. G. Arm. H. Arm, ventral view." captionText-2="Fig. 9. SEM photographs of internal skeletal characters of specimens of Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov. (MNCN 29.02/1534). A. Granule-shaped ossicles from disc. B. Ossicle from baseplates. C. Valve. D. Baseplate. E. Lateral arm plate. F. Arm spines. G. Distal view of vertebrae. H. Proximal view of vertebrae.I. Ventral view of vertebrae. J. Lateral view of vertebrae. K. Dorsal view of vertebrae. Abberviations: DT = depression for tentacle; NC = nerve canal; WC = water canal." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7938633" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7938635" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7938637" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7938633/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7938635/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7938637/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">7–9</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3746502B238FFA1FF55FE34FDA2FD4E" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD13689B238FFA1FF55FE34FEB0FDE6" blockId="13.[189,310,501,527]" box="[189,310,501,527]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">
<heading id="D09981E5B238FFA1FF55FE34FEB0FDE6" bold="true" box="[189,310,501,527]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB238FFA1FF55FE34FEB0FDE6" bold="true" box="[189,310,501,527]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="8BD13689B238FFA1FF55FDE5FDA2FD4E" blockId="13.[188,1399,548,680]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">Species with small granule-like external ossicles, ending in a crystalline point, covering the dorsal and lateral interradial areas of the disc. Ventral disc areas and arms covered by domed granule-like external ossicles without any crystalline point. Two or three terminal projections on each arm spine; one secondary teeth on each valve.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3746502B238FFA1FF55FD0EFE88FCD2" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" type="etymology">
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<heading id="D09981E5B238FFA1FF55FD0EFEC2FD00" bold="true" box="[189,324,719,745]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB238FFA1FF55FD0EFEC2FD00" bold="true" box="[189,324,719,745]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
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The specific epithet ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB238FFA1FE51FD3CFDB9FCFE" authorityName="Calero &amp; Ramil" authorityYear="2023" box="[441,575,765,791]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="juancarlosi">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB238FFA1FE51FD3CFDB9FCFE" box="[441,575,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">juancarlosi</emphasis>
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’ was chosen as a tribute to Mr Juan Carlos Calero, father of the first author.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB238FFA1FF55FCA3FE2CFC95" bold="true" box="[189,426,866,892]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
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<typeStatus id="54D5882BB238FFA1FF02FC50FEDAFC42" box="[234,348,913,939]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<paragraph id="8BD13689B238FFA1FF55FC75FB9BFC1B" blockId="13.[189,1399,913,1010]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">
<materialsCitation id="3B063CD4B238FFA1FF55FC75FB9BFC1B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4109200315" collectingDate="2008-11-04" collectionCode="MNCN" country="Guinea-Bissau" elevation="79" latitude="10.315278" location="BISSAU" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-16.41861" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" specimenCode="MNCN 29.02/1534" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="BISSAU" typeStatus="holotype">
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• 
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, 
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dd; 
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, 
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; depth 
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; 
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<collectingDate id="EF94E9A1B238FFA1FB08FC75FAF4FC27" box="[1248,1394,948,974]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" value="2008-11-04">4 Nov. 2008</collectingDate>
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; Bissau-0810 exped.; stn BS200; Bissau-0810-06403; 
<specimenCode id="DBC89EF2B238FFA1FCDAFC16FB90FC1B" box="[818,1046,983,1010]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">MNCN 29.02/1534</specimenCode>
.
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<materialsCitation id="3B063CD4B238FFA1FF55FBFDFF7DFB75" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4109200304" collectingDate="2011-10-29" collectionCode="MHN" country="Guinea-Bissau" elevation="109" latitude="11.159166" location="BISSAU" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-17.262222" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="BISSAU" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCountry id="F3797619B238FFA1FF55FBFDFEAAFBBF" box="[189,300,1084,1110]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">GUINEA</collectingCountry>
<collectingRegion id="49AAF86BB238FFA1FEDDFBFDFE1BFBBF" box="[309,413,1084,1110]" country="Guinea-Bissau" name="Bissau" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">BISSAU</collectingRegion>
• 
<specimenCount id="9D68FD00B238FFA1FE53FBFDFD93FBBF" box="[443,533,1084,1110]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">2 specs</specimenCount>
, 
<quantity id="4C969B6CB238FFA1FDCCFBFDFD68FBBF" box="[548,750,1084,1111]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.968" metricValueMax="5.116" metricValueMin="2.82" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="39.68" valueMax="51.16" valueMin="28.2">28.20–51.16 mm</quantity>
dd; 11°08′07″– 
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, 17°15′20″– 
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; depth 
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; 
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<collectingDate id="EF94E9A1B238FFA1FEB3FB9EFE75FB90" box="[347,499,1119,1145]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" value="2011-10-29">29 Oct. 2011</collectingDate>
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; CCLME-1110 exped.; CCLME-1110 exped.; stn BT53; 
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-1 and 2
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B063CD4B238FFA1FEFBFB43FCA3FB29" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4109200310" collectingDate="2008-11-04" collectionCode="MNCN" country="Guinea-Bissau" elevation="79" latitude="10.315278" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-16.41861" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" specimenCode="MNCN 29.02/1535" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bissau" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D68FD00B238FFA1FEFBFB43FEE0FB74" box="[275,358,1154,1181]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
, 
<quantity id="4C969B6CB238FFA1FE99FB43FE61FB74" box="[369,487,1154,1181]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.043" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="40.43">40.43 mm</quantity>
dd; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE5A504EB238FFA1FDF0FB40FD2BFB74" box="[536,685,1153,1181]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" precision="15" seconds="55" value="10.315278">10°18′55″ N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE5A504EB238FFA1FD5FFB40FCD7FB74" box="[695,849,1153,1181]" degrees="16" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" precision="15" seconds="07" value="-16.41861">16°25′07″ W</geoCoordinate>
; depth 
<quantity id="4C969B6CB238FFA1FC4CFB43FC67FB74" box="[932,993,1154,1181]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="79.0">79 m</quantity>
; 
<date id="FFD01049B238FFA1FC04FB43FBFBFB75" box="[1004,1149,1154,1181]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" value="2008-11-04">
<collectingDate id="EF94E9A1B238FFA1FC04FB43FBFBFB75" box="[1004,1149,1154,1181]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" value="2008-11-04">4 Nov. 2008</collectingDate>
</date>
; Bissau-0810 exped.; Bissau-0810 exped.; stn BS200; 
<specimenCode id="DBC89EF2B238FFA1FDD5FB64FCA3FB29" box="[573,805,1189,1216]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">MNCN 29.02/1535</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13689B238FFA1FF55FB26FB62FA82" blockId="13.[189,1399,1253,1387]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">
<materialsCitation id="3B063CD4B238FFA1FF55FB26FAF5FACD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4109200324" collectingDate="2011-11-29" country="Western Sahara" elevation="58" latitude="26.418333" location="WESTERN SAHARA" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-14.439722" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" specimenCode="CFM-IEOMA-7776" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="F3797619B238FFA1FF55FB26FE43FAE8" box="[189,453,1255,1281]" name="Western Sahara" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">WESTERN SAHARA</collectingCountry>
• 
<specimenCount id="9D68FD00B238FFA1FE35FB26FDB6FAE8" box="[477,560,1255,1281]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
, 
<quantity id="4C969B6CB238FFA1FDD4FB26FD34FAE8" box="[572,690,1255,1281]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.462" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="44.62">44.62 mm</quantity>
dd; 26°26′23″– 
<geoCoordinate id="EE5A504EB238FFA1FC83FB24FC79FAE8" box="[875,1023,1253,1281]" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" precision="15" seconds="06" value="26.418333">26°25′06″ N</geoCoordinate>
, 14°25′30″– 
<geoCoordinate id="EE5A504EB238FFA1FB78FB24FAACFAE8" box="[1168,1322,1253,1281]" degrees="14" direction="west" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" precision="15" seconds="23" value="-14.439722">14°26′23″ W</geoCoordinate>
; depth 67– 
<quantity id="4C969B6CB238FFA1FF02FACBFEAEFACC" box="[234,296,1290,1317]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="58.0">58 m</quantity>
; 
<date id="FFD01049B238FFA1FEDCFACBFE53FACD" box="[308,469,1290,1317]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" value="2011-11-29">
<collectingDate id="EF94E9A1B238FFA1FEDCFACBFE53FACD" box="[308,469,1290,1317]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" value="2011-11-29">29 Nov. 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
; CCLME-1110 exped.; CCLME-1110 exped.; stn BT215; 
<specimenCode id="DBC89EF2B238FFA1FB6BFACBFAF5FACD" box="[1155,1395,1290,1316]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">CFM-IEOMA-7776</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
. • 
<materialsCitation id="3B063CD4B238FFA1FF27FAECFB62FA82" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4109200301" collectingDate="2012-05-25" collectionCode="LZM-UV" latitude="14.969166" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-17.636944" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" specimenCode="CCLME-1205-03248" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCount id="9D68FD00B238FFA1FF27FAECFEA5FAA1" box="[207,291,1325,1352]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
, 
<quantity id="4C969B6CB238FFA1FEC7FAECFE21FAA1" box="[303,423,1325,1352]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.67" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="46.7">46.70 mm</quantity>
dd; 14°57′00″– 
<geoCoordinate id="EE5A504EB238FFA1FD89FAEDFD70FAA1" box="[609,758,1324,1352]" degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" precision="15" seconds="09" value="14.969166">14°58′09″ N</geoCoordinate>
, 17°39′08″– 
<geoCoordinate id="EE5A504EB238FFA1FC62FAEDFBA4FAA1" box="[906,1058,1324,1352]" degrees="17" direction="west" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" precision="15" seconds="13" value="-17.636944">17°38′13″ W</geoCoordinate>
; depth 
<quantity id="4C969B6CB238FFA1FB9FFAECFB43FAA1" box="[1143,1221,1325,1352]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.97" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="797.0">797 m</quantity>
; 
<date id="FFD01049B238FFA1FB39FAECFAF4FAAE" box="[1233,1394,1325,1352]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" value="2012-05-25">
<collectingDate id="EF94E9A1B238FFA1FB39FAECFAF4FAAE" box="[1233,1394,1325,1352]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" value="2012-05-25">25 May 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
; CCLME-1205 exped.; CCLME-1205 exped.; stn BT368; 
<specimenCode id="DBC89EF2B238FFA1FC8BFA91FBE5FA82" box="[867,1123,1360,1387]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">CCLME-1205-03248</specimenCode>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE4CB238FFA1FB87FA90FB5BFA82" box="[1135,1245,1361,1387]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">LZM-UV</collectionCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13689B238FFA1FF02FA53FE67FA45" blockId="13.[189,1398,1426,1523]" box="[234,481,1426,1452]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB238FFA1FF02FA53FE67FA45" bold="true" box="[234,481,1426,1452]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">Additional material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13689B238FFA1FF55FA74FB40FA1A" blockId="13.[189,1398,1426,1523]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">
<materialsCitation id="3B063CD4B238FFA1FF55FA74FB39FA1A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4109200316" collectingDate="2008-10-26" collectionCode="LZM-UV" country="Guinea-Bissau" elevation="47" latitude="17.054167" location="BISSAU" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-17.052776" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" specimenCode="Bissau-0810-06146" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="BISSAU">
<collectingCountry id="F3797619B238FFA1FF55FA74FEAAFA26" box="[189,300,1461,1487]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">GUINEA</collectingCountry>
<collectingRegion id="49AAF86BB238FFA1FEDEFA74FE18FA26" box="[310,414,1461,1487]" country="Guinea-Bissau" name="Bissau" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">BISSAU</collectingRegion>
• 
<specimenCount id="9D68FD00B238FFA1FE56FA74FD93FA39" box="[446,533,1461,1488]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
, 
<quantity id="4C969B6CB238FFA1FDCCFA74FD18FA39" box="[548,670,1461,1488]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.007" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="10.07">10.07 mm</quantity>
dd; 11°05′09″– 
<geoCoordinate id="EE5A504EB238FFA1FCB7FA72FC73FA39" box="[863,1013,1459,1488]" degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" precision="15" seconds="15" value="17.054167">17°03′15″ N</geoCoordinate>
, 11°04′15″– 
<geoCoordinate id="EE5A504EB238FFA1FB61FA72FAA0FA39" box="[1161,1318,1459,1488]" degrees="17" direction="west" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" precision="15" seconds="10" value="-17.052776">17°03′10″ W</geoCoordinate>
; depth 
<quantity id="4C969B6CB238FFA1FF55FA19FEAEFA1A" box="[189,296,1496,1523]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.65" metricValueMax="4.7" metricValueMin="4.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="46.5" valueMax="47.0" valueMin="46.0">46–47 m</quantity>
; 
<date id="FFD01049B238FFA1FEDCFA19FE56FA1B" box="[308,464,1496,1522]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" value="2008-10-26">
<collectingDate id="EF94E9A1B238FFA1FEDCFA19FE56FA1B" box="[308,464,1496,1522]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" value="2008-10-26">26 Oct. 2008</collectingDate>
</date>
; Bissau-0810 exped.; stn BS151; 
<specimenCode id="DBC89EF2B238FFA1FCB4FA19FBC7FA1B" box="[860,1089,1496,1522]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">Bissau-0810-06146</specimenCode>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE4CB238FFA1FBB9FA18FB39FA1A" box="[1105,1215,1497,1523]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">LZM-UV</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3746502B238FFBDFF55F9D8FE5AFB8F" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD13689B238FFA1FF55F9D8FE56F9DD" blockId="13.[189,464,1561,1588]" box="[189,464,1561,1588]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB238FFA1FF55F9D8FEC8F9DA" bold="true" box="[189,334,1561,1587]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">Description</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54D5882BB238FFA1FEB5F9DBFE41F9DD" box="[349,455,1562,1588]" pageId="13" pageNumber="59" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13689B238FFA2FF55F988FE36FE1F" blockId="13.[187,1400,1608,2022]" lastBlockId="14.[189,1401,265,502]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">
<smallCapsWord id="8D37A055B238FFA1FF55F988FF74F988" baselines="1628,1628" box="[189,242,1609,1635]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Disc" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">DISC</smallCapsWord>
. Five-lobed in shape, slightly excavated inter-radially (
<figureCitation id="13552A0CB238FFA1FC84F989FC41F98B" box="[876,967,1608,1634]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[191,234,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[222,1370,265,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-13@15.[222,1370,265,1889]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 8. Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov. (MNCN 29.02/1534). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Detail of dorsal view. D. Detail of disc granules. E. Detail of ventral view. F. Interradial surface of lateral disc and genital slits. G. Arm. H. Arm, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7938635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7938635/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
), with no peripheral calcareous plates on rim. Radial shields tumid, long (almost raising the centre of disc) and narrow, which is deeply sunken (
<figureCitation id="13552A0CB238FFA1FF2DF94EFEA4F940" box="[197,290,1679,1705]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[191,234,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[222,1370,265,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-13@15.[222,1370,265,1889]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 8. Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov. (MNCN 29.02/1534). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Detail of dorsal view. D. Detail of disc granules. E. Detail of ventral view. F. Interradial surface of lateral disc and genital slits. G. Arm. H. Arm, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7938635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7938635/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
). Radial shields completely concealed by external ossicles, bar-shaped, as wide proximally as distally, but more separated distally, converging towards centre of disc. Distally, radial shields end on enlarged, slightly concave and oval-shaped plate covered by minute granules (
<figureCitation id="13552A0CB238FFA1FBB4F914FB58F906" box="[1116,1246,1749,1775]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[191,234,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[222,1370,265,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-13@15.[222,1370,265,1889]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 8. Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov. (MNCN 29.02/1534). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Detail of dorsal view. D. Detail of disc granules. E. Detail of ventral view. F. Interradial surface of lateral disc and genital slits. G. Arm. H. Arm, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7938635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7938635/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">Fig. 8C–D</figureCitation>
). Dorsal disc covered by small granule-like external ossicles (
<figureCitation id="13552A0CB238FFA1FD1DF939FC1FF8FB" box="[757,921,1784,1810]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[191,234,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[222,1370,265,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-13@15.[222,1370,265,1889]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 8. Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov. (MNCN 29.02/1534). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Detail of dorsal view. D. Detail of disc granules. E. Detail of ventral view. F. Interradial surface of lateral disc and genital slits. G. Arm. H. Arm, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7938635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7938635/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">Fig. 8A, C–D</figureCitation>
), each one ending in terminal crystalline point. At edge of disc, ossicles more densely packed and without crystalline point (
<figureCitation id="13552A0CB238FFA1FB61F8DAFB62F8DF" box="[1161,1252,1819,1846]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[191,234,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[222,1370,265,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-13@15.[222,1370,265,1889]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 8. Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov. (MNCN 29.02/1534). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Detail of dorsal view. D. Detail of disc granules. E. Detail of ventral view. F. Interradial surface of lateral disc and genital slits. G. Arm. H. Arm, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7938635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7938635/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
), and bigger in size between radial shields (
<figureCitation id="13552A0CB238FFA1FDF4F8FEFD1AF8B0" box="[540,668,1855,1881]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[191,234,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[222,1370,265,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-13@15.[222,1370,265,1889]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 8. Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov. (MNCN 29.02/1534). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Detail of dorsal view. D. Detail of disc granules. E. Detail of ventral view. F. Interradial surface of lateral disc and genital slits. G. Arm. H. Arm, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7938635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7938635/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">Fig. 8C–D</figureCitation>
). Ossicles concealing radial shields similar to those from dorsal disc but more densely packed.Ventral inter-radial areas densely covered by mosaic of small irregular flat plates with granule-like external ossicles without terminal point. Oral shield, adoral shield, oral plates, along edge of mouth frame and ventral arm plates more densely covered by similar external ossicles. Mouth frame sunken (
<figureCitation id="13552A0CB238FFA1FE22F80AFDA1F80F" box="[458,551,1995,2022]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[191,234,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[222,1370,265,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-13@15.[222,1370,265,1889]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 8. Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov. (MNCN 29.02/1534). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Detail of dorsal view. D. Detail of disc granules. E. Detail of ventral view. F. Interradial surface of lateral disc and genital slits. G. Arm. H. Arm, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7938635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7938635/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="59">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
). Interradial surface of lateral disc covered by external ossicles similar but smaller than those covering dorsal disc. Two large genital slits on each interradius running almost vertically along first five or six brachial segments after first fork (
<figureCitation id="13552A0CB23BFFA2FC33FEEDFBB0FEAF" box="[987,1078,300,326]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[191,234,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[222,1370,265,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-13@15.[222,1370,265,1889]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 8. Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov. (MNCN 29.02/1534). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Detail of dorsal view. D. Detail of disc granules. E. Detail of ventral view. F. Interradial surface of lateral disc and genital slits. G. Arm. H. Arm, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7938635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7938635/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
). Conical external ossicles with terminal crystalline point more developed on adradial edge of genital slits. One oval-shaped and well-developed madreporite located just outside mouth frame (
<figureCitation id="13552A0CB23BFFA2FC46FEB3FB8DFE64" box="[942,1035,370,397]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[191,234,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[222,1370,265,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-13@15.[222,1370,265,1889]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 8. Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov. (MNCN 29.02/1534). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Detail of dorsal view. D. Detail of disc granules. E. Detail of ventral view. F. Interradial surface of lateral disc and genital slits. G. Arm. H. Arm, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7938635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7938635/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
). Both, tooth and oral papillae spiniform, especially larger apical ones. Mouth and infradental papillae form continuous series along mouth frame (
<figureCitation id="13552A0CB23BFFA2FE81FE78FE40FE3A" box="[361,454,441,467]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[191,234,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[222,1370,265,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-13@15.[222,1370,265,1889]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 8. Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov. (MNCN 29.02/1534). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Detail of dorsal view. D. Detail of disc granules. E. Detail of ventral view. F. Interradial surface of lateral disc and genital slits. G. Arm. H. Arm, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7938635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7938635/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
). Teeth varying in position and size, being irregular in outline and more or less irregularly disposed.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF116601B23BFFA2FF55F86AFC50F801" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7938633" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7938633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7938633/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="60" startId="14.[189,232,1963,1989]" targetBox="[189,1398,649,1919]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8BD13689B23BFFA2FF55F86AFC50F801" blockId="14.[189,1399,1963,2025]" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB23BFFA2FF55F86AFE96F82C" bold="true" box="[189,272,1963,1989]" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
Map from the study area with the location of the stations where 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB23BFFA2FBD6F86AFAF1F82C" authority="Calero &amp; Ramil, 2023" authorityName="Calero &amp; Ramil" authorityYear="2023" box="[1086,1399,1963,1989]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="14" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="juancarlosi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB23BFFA2FBD6F86AFAF1F82C" box="[1086,1399,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="60">Astrodendrum juancarlosi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957E0B23BFFA2FF55F80EFE9EF800" box="[189,280,1999,2025]" pageId="14" pageNumber="60" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
were collected during the ten surveys off Northwest Africa.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF116601B23AFFA3FF57F846FCF0F801" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7938635" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7938635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7938635/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" startId="15.[191,234,1927,1953]" targetBox="[222,1370,265,1889]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="8BD13689B23AFFA3FF57F846FCF0F801" blockId="15.[191,1401,1927,2024]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB23AFFA3FF57F846FE95F848" bold="true" box="[191,275,1927,1953]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">Fig. 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB23AFFA3FEC8F846FDDCF848" authority="Calero &amp; Ramil, 2023" authorityName="Calero &amp; Ramil" authorityYear="2023" box="[288,602,1927,1953]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="juancarlosi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB23AFFA3FEC8F846FDDCF848" box="[288,602,1927,1953]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">Astrodendrum juancarlosi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957E0B23AFFA3FD8EF849FD40F84B" box="[614,710,1928,1954]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MNCN 29.02/1534). A. Dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB23AFFA3FB5AF846FB40F848" bold="true" box="[1202,1222,1927,1953]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">B</emphasis>
. Ventral view. 
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB23AFFA3FF57F86BFF52F82D" bold="true" box="[191,212,1962,1988]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">C</emphasis>
. Detail of dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB23AFFA3FE05F86AFD87F82C" bold="true" box="[493,513,1963,1989]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">D</emphasis>
. Detail of disc granules. 
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB23AFFA3FCC4F86AFCB9F82C" bold="true" box="[812,831,1963,1989]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">E</emphasis>
. Detail of ventral view. 
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB23AFFA3FB89F86AFBF4F82C" bold="true" box="[1121,1138,1963,1989]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">F</emphasis>
. Interradial surface of lateral disc and genital slits. 
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB23AFFA3FDE5F80CFDA2F80E" bold="true" box="[525,548,1997,2023]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">G</emphasis>
. Arm. 
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB23AFFA3FD9CF80FFD0DF801" bold="true" box="[628,651,1998,2024]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">H</emphasis>
. Arm, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF116601B225FFBCFF55F883FB0CF800" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7938637" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7938637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7938637/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" startId="16.[189,232,1858,1884]" targetBox="[238,1348,265,1820]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="8BD13689B225FFBCFF55F883FB0CF800" blockId="16.[188,1399,1858,2025]" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB225FFBCFF55F883FE89F8B5" bold="true" box="[189,271,1858,1884]" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">Fig. 9.</emphasis>
SEM photographs of internal skeletal characters of specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB225FFBCFBD6F883FAF1F8B5" authority="Calero &amp; Ramil, 2023" authorityName="Calero &amp; Ramil" authorityYear="2023" box="[1086,1399,1858,1884]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="juancarlosi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB225FFBCFBD6F883FAF1F8B5" box="[1086,1399,1858,1884]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">Astrodendrum juancarlosi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957E0B225FFBCFF55F8A7FE98F869" box="[189,286,1894,1920]" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MNCN 29.02/1534). A. Granule-shaped ossicles from disc. 
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB225FFBCFBCBF8A4FBB1F896" bold="true" box="[1059,1079,1893,1919]" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">B</emphasis>
. Ossicle from baseplates. 
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB225FFBCFF55F849FF54F84B" bold="true" box="[189,210,1928,1954]" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">C</emphasis>
. Valve. 
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB225FFBCFEDDF848FECCF84A" bold="true" box="[309,330,1929,1955]" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">D</emphasis>
. Baseplate. 
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB225FFBCFE34F848FE68F84A" bold="true" box="[476,494,1929,1955]" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">E</emphasis>
. Lateral arm plate. 
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB225FFBCFD32F848FD6DF84A" bold="true" box="[730,747,1929,1955]" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">F</emphasis>
. Arm spines. 
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB225FFBCFC67F849FC20F84B" bold="true" box="[911,934,1928,1954]" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">G</emphasis>
. Distal view of vertebrae. 
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB225FFBCFB0DF848FB7DF84A" bold="true" box="[1253,1275,1929,1955]" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">H</emphasis>
. Proximal view of vertebrae. 
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB225FFBCFE7BF86DFE18F82F" bold="true" box="[403,414,1964,1990]" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">I</emphasis>
. Ventral view of vertebrae. 
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB225FFBCFD36F86DFD6BF82F" bold="true" box="[734,749,1964,1990]" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">J</emphasis>
. Lateral view of vertebrae. 
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB225FFBCFBC3F86DFBC4F82F" bold="true" box="[1067,1090,1964,1990]" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">K</emphasis>
. Dorsal view of vertebrae. Abberviations: DT = depression for tentacle; NC = nerve canal; WC = water canal.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD13689B224FFBDFF55FEC8FCF4FD4F" blockId="17.[186,1400,265,678]" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">
<smallCapsWord id="8D37A055B224FFBDFF55FEC8FF78FEC8" baselines="284,284" box="[189,254,265,291]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Arms" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">ARMS</smallCapsWord>
. Arms branching, with first fork before disc margin and second one located at margin. Nevertheless, in smaller specimens (juvenile), first fork located on margin of disc. Arms tapering gradually towards tips, completely covered, both, dorsally and ventrally, by domed granule-like external ossicles (
<figureCitation id="13552A0CB224FFBDFAE3FE8EFAEFFE80" box="[1291,1385,335,361]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[238,1348,265,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-11@16.[238,1348,265,1820]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 9. SEM photographs of internal skeletal characters of specimens of Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov. (MNCN 29.02/1534). A. Granule-shaped ossicles from disc. B. Ossicle from baseplates. C. Valve. D. Baseplate. E. Lateral arm plate. F. Arm spines. G. Distal view of vertebrae. H. Proximal view of vertebrae.I. Ventral view of vertebrae. J. Lateral view of vertebrae. K. Dorsal view of vertebrae. Abberviations: DT = depression for tentacle; NC = nerve canal; WC = water canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7938637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7938637/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
); these granules somewhat bigger than disc ones and without any crystalline point. Dorsal side of arms carry pedicellarial bands along whole arms. Valves with one secondary tooth downwardly curved (
<figureCitation id="13552A0CB224FFBDFAE0FE57FAE0FE59" box="[1288,1382,406,432]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[238,1348,265,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-11@16.[238,1348,265,1820]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 9. SEM photographs of internal skeletal characters of specimens of Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov. (MNCN 29.02/1534). A. Granule-shaped ossicles from disc. B. Ossicle from baseplates. C. Valve. D. Baseplate. E. Lateral arm plate. F. Arm spines. G. Distal view of vertebrae. H. Proximal view of vertebrae.I. Ventral view of vertebrae. J. Lateral view of vertebrae. K. Dorsal view of vertebrae. Abberviations: DT = depression for tentacle; NC = nerve canal; WC = water canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7938637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7938637/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
). Some sunken transverse furrow between segments, giving arms an annulated appearance. Indication observed of median furrow along arm (
<figureCitation id="13552A0CB224FFBDFD64FE1DFD6DFE1F" box="[652,747,476,502]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[191,234,1927,1953]" captionTargetBox="[222,1370,265,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-13@15.[222,1370,265,1889]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 8. Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov. (MNCN 29.02/1534). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Detail of dorsal view. D. Detail of disc granules. E. Detail of ventral view. F. Interradial surface of lateral disc and genital slits. G. Arm. H. Arm, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7938635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7938635/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">Fig. 8G</figureCitation>
). Ventral side of arms with noticeable transverse naked furrows between segments until second fork; afterwards, furrows become smaller, disappearing after third fork. First two pores without arm spine. Arm spines beginning at third pair of pores with only one small spine at third and fourth pair of pores, two arm spines (sometimes one) afterwards and three arm spines (sometimes two) after second fork. Arm spines short and wide, ending in two or three hyaline points (
<figureCitation id="13552A0CB224FFBDFEFFFD4DFEF6FD4F" box="[279,368,652,678]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[238,1348,265,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-11@16.[238,1348,265,1820]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 9. SEM photographs of internal skeletal characters of specimens of Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov. (MNCN 29.02/1534). A. Granule-shaped ossicles from disc. B. Ossicle from baseplates. C. Valve. D. Baseplate. E. Lateral arm plate. F. Arm spines. G. Distal view of vertebrae. H. Proximal view of vertebrae.I. Ventral view of vertebrae. J. Lateral view of vertebrae. K. Dorsal view of vertebrae. Abberviations: DT = depression for tentacle; NC = nerve canal; WC = water canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7938637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7938637/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
). Vertebrae streptospondylous (
<figureCitation id="13552A0CB224FFBDFD0AFD4DFCE3FD4F" box="[738,869,652,678]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[238,1348,265,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-11@16.[238,1348,265,1820]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 9. SEM photographs of internal skeletal characters of specimens of Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov. (MNCN 29.02/1534). A. Granule-shaped ossicles from disc. B. Ossicle from baseplates. C. Valve. D. Baseplate. E. Lateral arm plate. F. Arm spines. G. Distal view of vertebrae. H. Proximal view of vertebrae.I. Ventral view of vertebrae. J. Lateral view of vertebrae. K. Dorsal view of vertebrae. Abberviations: DT = depression for tentacle; NC = nerve canal; WC = water canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7938637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7938637/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">Fig. 9G–K</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13689B224FFBDFF55FD0FFB8CFCE2" blockId="17.[189,1399,718,779]" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">
<smallCapsWord id="8D37A055B224FFBDFF55FD0FFE9EFD0F" baselines="737,737" box="[189,280,718,744]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Colour" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">COLOUR</smallCapsWord>
. Living specimens showing varying colours, from creamish-pink to dark orange and brown to gray (
<figureCitation id="13552A0CB224FFBDFEEAFD30FEFCFCE2" box="[258,378,753,779]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[187,230,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[252,1336,265,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-12@8.[252,1336,265,1818]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 3. A–B. Asteronyx loveni Müller &amp; Troschel, 1842 collected from Mauritanian waters on Distichoptilum gracile Verrill, 1882. C. Asterochema inornatum Koehler, 1906 collected from Western Sahara waters on Paramuricea sp. Koelliker, 1865. D. Ophiocreas oedipus Lyman, 1879 collected from Western Sahara waters, on Acanthogorgiidae indet. E–F. Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov. (LZM-UV Bissau-0810-06146), specimens collected from Guinea Bissau waters. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7938625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7938625/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">Fig. 3E–F</figureCitation>
) with clear ventral part; preserved specimens are white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13689B224FFBDFF55FCF3FE5AFB8F" blockId="17.[187,1400,818,1126]" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">
<smallCapsWord id="8D37A055B224FFBDFF55FCF3FE91FCA2" baselines="837,838" box="[189,279,818,844]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Ossicle" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">OSSICLE</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D37A055B224FFBDFEC8FCF9FE34FCA2" baselines="838" box="[288,434,824,843]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="morphology" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">MORPHOLOGY</smallCapsWord>
. External ossicles on dorsal surface of disc, including radial shields, are granule-shaped and ending in a crystalline point (
<figureCitation id="13552A0CB224FFBDFD40FC94FC8EFC99" box="[680,776,853,880]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[238,1348,265,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-11@16.[238,1348,265,1820]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 9. SEM photographs of internal skeletal characters of specimens of Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov. (MNCN 29.02/1534). A. Granule-shaped ossicles from disc. B. Ossicle from baseplates. C. Valve. D. Baseplate. E. Lateral arm plate. F. Arm spines. G. Distal view of vertebrae. H. Proximal view of vertebrae.I. Ventral view of vertebrae. J. Lateral view of vertebrae. K. Dorsal view of vertebrae. Abberviations: DT = depression for tentacle; NC = nerve canal; WC = water canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7938637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7938637/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
). Baseplates oval-shaped with three to five tubercleshaped articulations for pedicellarial (
<figureCitation id="13552A0CB224FFBDFD60FCB8FD6DFC7A" box="[648,747,889,915]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[238,1348,265,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-11@16.[238,1348,265,1820]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 9. SEM photographs of internal skeletal characters of specimens of Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov. (MNCN 29.02/1534). A. Granule-shaped ossicles from disc. B. Ossicle from baseplates. C. Valve. D. Baseplate. E. Lateral arm plate. F. Arm spines. G. Distal view of vertebrae. H. Proximal view of vertebrae.I. Ventral view of vertebrae. J. Lateral view of vertebrae. K. Dorsal view of vertebrae. Abberviations: DT = depression for tentacle; NC = nerve canal; WC = water canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7938637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7938637/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
). External ossicles on baseplates granule-like shaped, approximately 200 µm in length and 100 µm in height (
<figureCitation id="13552A0CB224FFBDFC6CFC5DFC61FC5F" box="[900,999,924,950]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[238,1348,265,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-11@16.[238,1348,265,1820]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 9. SEM photographs of internal skeletal characters of specimens of Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov. (MNCN 29.02/1534). A. Granule-shaped ossicles from disc. B. Ossicle from baseplates. C. Valve. D. Baseplate. E. Lateral arm plate. F. Arm spines. G. Distal view of vertebrae. H. Proximal view of vertebrae.I. Ventral view of vertebrae. J. Lateral view of vertebrae. K. Dorsal view of vertebrae. Abberviations: DT = depression for tentacle; NC = nerve canal; WC = water canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7938637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7938637/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
). Valves with single inner tooth downwardly directed, and reticular structure (
<figureCitation id="13552A0CB224FFBDFD23FC7EFCA3FC30" box="[715,805,959,985]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[238,1348,265,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-11@16.[238,1348,265,1820]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 9. SEM photographs of internal skeletal characters of specimens of Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov. (MNCN 29.02/1534). A. Granule-shaped ossicles from disc. B. Ossicle from baseplates. C. Valve. D. Baseplate. E. Lateral arm plate. F. Arm spines. G. Distal view of vertebrae. H. Proximal view of vertebrae.I. Ventral view of vertebrae. J. Lateral view of vertebrae. K. Dorsal view of vertebrae. Abberviations: DT = depression for tentacle; NC = nerve canal; WC = water canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7938637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7938637/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
). Lateral arm plates long, bar-like, with tuberculous stereom, spines placed in external lobe of plate (
<figureCitation id="13552A0CB224FFBDFD16FC23FCDBFC15" box="[766,861,994,1020]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[238,1348,265,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-11@16.[238,1348,265,1820]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 9. SEM photographs of internal skeletal characters of specimens of Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov. (MNCN 29.02/1534). A. Granule-shaped ossicles from disc. B. Ossicle from baseplates. C. Valve. D. Baseplate. E. Lateral arm plate. F. Arm spines. G. Distal view of vertebrae. H. Proximal view of vertebrae.I. Ventral view of vertebrae. J. Lateral view of vertebrae. K. Dorsal view of vertebrae. Abberviations: DT = depression for tentacle; NC = nerve canal; WC = water canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7938637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7938637/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
). Arm spines ovoid-shaped with two or three small projections, not transforming into hook-shaped spines on distal portion (
<figureCitation id="13552A0CB224FFBDFBB4FBC4FB30FBC9" box="[1116,1206,1029,1056]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[238,1348,265,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-11@16.[238,1348,265,1820]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 9. SEM photographs of internal skeletal characters of specimens of Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov. (MNCN 29.02/1534). A. Granule-shaped ossicles from disc. B. Ossicle from baseplates. C. Valve. D. Baseplate. E. Lateral arm plate. F. Arm spines. G. Distal view of vertebrae. H. Proximal view of vertebrae.I. Ventral view of vertebrae. J. Lateral view of vertebrae. K. Dorsal view of vertebrae. Abberviations: DT = depression for tentacle; NC = nerve canal; WC = water canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7938637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7938637/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
). Vertebrae with hourglass-shaped streptospondylous articulations (
<figureCitation id="13552A0CB224FFBDFCF8FBE8FC12FBAA" box="[784,916,1065,1091]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[238,1348,265,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-11@16.[238,1348,265,1820]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 9. SEM photographs of internal skeletal characters of specimens of Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov. (MNCN 29.02/1534). A. Granule-shaped ossicles from disc. B. Ossicle from baseplates. C. Valve. D. Baseplate. E. Lateral arm plate. F. Arm spines. G. Distal view of vertebrae. H. Proximal view of vertebrae.I. Ventral view of vertebrae. J. Lateral view of vertebrae. K. Dorsal view of vertebrae. Abberviations: DT = depression for tentacle; NC = nerve canal; WC = water canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7938637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7938637/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">Fig. 9G–K</figureCitation>
). Branching vertebra wider and with two surfaces for articulation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3746502B224FFBDFF55FB4CFB9FFB13" pageId="17" pageNumber="63" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD13689B224FFBDFF55FB4CFED0FB4E" blockId="17.[189,342,1165,1191]" box="[189,342,1165,1191]" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">
<heading id="D09981E5B224FFBDFF55FB4CFED0FB4E" bold="true" box="[189,342,1165,1191]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="63" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB224FFBDFF55FB4CFED0FB4E" bold="true" box="[189,342,1165,1191]" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13689B224FFBDFF55FB7DFB9FFB13" blockId="17.[189,1398,1212,1274]" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">
This species has been recorded in the Northwest African coast, from the 
<collectingCountry id="F3797619B224FFBDFBDBFB7DFB6BFB3F" box="[1075,1261,1212,1238]" name="Western Sahara" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">Western Sahara</collectingCountry>
to 
<collectingCountry id="F3797619B224FFBDFAF0FB7DFE8DFB10" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">Guinea-Bissau</collectingCountry>
waters. Its bathymetric distribution ranges between 47 and 
<specimenCount id="9D68FD00B224FFBDFC20FB1EFB9FFB13" box="[968,1049,1247,1274]" pageId="17" pageNumber="63" type="generic">
<quantity id="4C969B6CB224FFBDFC20FB1EFB93FB13" box="[968,1045,1247,1274]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.97" pageId="17" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="797.0">797 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3746502B224FFB9FF55FAE0FBFBFECA" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="17" pageNumber="63" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD13689B224FFBDFF55FAE0FEA9FAD2" blockId="17.[189,303,1313,1339]" box="[189,303,1313,1339]" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">
<heading id="D09981E5B224FFBDFF55FAE0FEA9FAD2" bold="true" box="[189,303,1313,1339]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="63" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB224FFBDFF55FAE0FEA9FAD2" bold="true" box="[189,303,1313,1339]" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13689B224FFBDFF55FA8EFDFDF905" blockId="17.[188,1399,1359,1773]" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">
The genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB224FFBDFED1FA8EFE66FA80" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1911" box="[313,480,1359,1385]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="17" pageNumber="63" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB224FFBDFED1FA8EFE66FA80" box="[313,480,1359,1385]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">Astrodendrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was established by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B224FFBDFD2EFA8EFC08FA80" author="Doderlein L." box="[710,910,1359,1385]" pageId="17" pageNumber="63" refId="ref11896" refString="Doderlein L. 1911. Uber japanische und andere Euryalae. KB Akademie der Wissenschaften, Munich. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 16334" type="book" year="1911">Döderlein (1911)</bibRefCitation>
for 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB224FFBDFC52FA8EFF7DFA65" authority="Doderlein, 1902" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1902" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Gornocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="17" pageNumber="63" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sagaminus">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB224FFBDFC52FA8EFB74FA80" box="[954,1266,1359,1385]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">Gornocephalus sagaminus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B224FFBDFB10FA8EFF7DFA65" author="Doderlein L." pageId="17" pageNumber="63" pagination="320 - 326" refId="ref11875" refString="Doderlein L. 1902. Japanische Euryaliden. Zoologischer Anzeiger 25 (659 - 684): 320 - 326." type="journal article" year="1902">Döderlein, 1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. He realised that all species that belong to 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB224FFBDFD1DFAB3FBDEFA64" authority="Leach 1815" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[757,1112,1394,1421]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Gorgonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="17" pageNumber="63" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB224FFBDFD1DFAB3FC40FA65" box="[757,966,1394,1420]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">Gorgonocephalus</emphasis>
Leach 1815
</taxonomicName>
are characterised by the presence of a well-developed belt of calcareous plates at the margins of the disc. However, species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB224FFBDFF56FA79FEE3FA3B" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1911" box="[190,357,1464,1490]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="17" pageNumber="63" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB224FFBDFF56FA79FEE3FA3B" box="[190,357,1464,1490]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">Astrodendrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have no ring of calcareous plates at the rim. Additionally, the arm spines appear before the first fork, as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB224FFBDFE74FA1DFDEBFA1F" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[412,621,1500,1526]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Gorgonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="17" pageNumber="63" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB224FFBDFE74FA1DFDEBFA1F" box="[412,621,1500,1526]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">Gorgonocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; however, in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB224FFBDFCE6FA1DFBFAFA1F" authority="Doderlein, 1911" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1911" box="[782,1148,1500,1526]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="17" pageNumber="63" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB224FFBDFCE6FA1DFC33FA1F" box="[782,949,1500,1526]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">Astrodendrum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B224FFBDFC54FA1DFBFAFA1F" author="Doderlein L." box="[956,1148,1500,1526]" pageId="17" pageNumber="63" refId="ref11896" refString="Doderlein L. 1911. Uber japanische und andere Euryalae. KB Akademie der Wissenschaften, Munich. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 16334" type="book" year="1911">Döderlein, 1911</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, these arm spines are much smaller, hardly reaching ⅓ of the segment length, and their number is reduced: with three (or rarely four) on each side. Taxonomic studies dealing with this genus are scarce, and we have only found a revision of the genus recently published by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B224FFBDFD39F984FC79F9B6" author="Okanishi M. &amp; Fujita T." box="[721,1023,1605,1631]" pageId="17" pageNumber="63" pagination="289 - 310" refId="ref13263" refString="Okanishi M. &amp; Fujita T. 2018. A taxonomic review of the genus Astrodendrum (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida, Gorgonocephalidae) with description of a new species from Japan. Zootaxa 4392 (2): 289 - 310. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4392.2.4" type="journal article" year="2018">Okanishi &amp; Fujita (2018)</bibRefCitation>
. According to these authors, the genus is characterised by having five branching arms, with less than six segments before the first fork; lack of calcareous plates on the edge of the disc margin; variously shaped external ossicles or no ossicles on the disc; a madreporite placed on the innermost part of the interradial lateral disc; and valves from the dorsal arms with one secondary tooth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13689B224FFBEFF55F8D5FD92FE83" blockId="17.[188,1399,1812,2014]" lastBlockId="18.[189,1399,265,362]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">
Currently, only six species have been assigned to this genus. Among them, only 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB224FFBDFB82F8D5FE1AF8B8" authority="(Mortensen, 1933)" baseAuthorityName="Mortensen" baseAuthorityYear="1933" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="17" pageNumber="63" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="capense">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB224FFBDFB82F8D5FAF0F8C4" box="[1130,1398,1812,1838]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">Astrodendrum capense</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B224FFBDFF2DF8F6FE15F8B8" author="Mortensen Th." box="[197,403,1847,1873]" pageId="17" pageNumber="63" pagination="215 - 400" refId="ref13137" refString="Mortensen Th. 1933. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. LXV. Echinoderms of South Africa (Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kobenhavn: 93: 215 - 400." type="journal article" year="1933">Mortensen, 1933</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, described from Durban, 
<collectingCountry id="F3797619B224FFBDFD26F8F6FCE3F8B8" box="[718,869,1847,1873]" name="South Africa" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B224FFBDFC9EF8F6FBBAF8B8" author="Mortensen Th." box="[886,1084,1847,1873]" pageId="17" pageNumber="63" pagination="215 - 400" refId="ref13137" refString="Mortensen Th. 1933. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. LXV. Echinoderms of South Africa (Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kobenhavn: 93: 215 - 400." type="journal article" year="1933">Mortensen 1933</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B224FFBDFBA2F8F6FF7BF89D" author="Clark A. M. &amp; Courtman-Stock J." pageId="17" pageNumber="63" refId="ref11684" refString="Clark A. M. &amp; Courtman-Stock J. 1976. The Echinoderms of Southern Africa. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London." type="book" year="1976">Clark &amp; Courtman-Stock 1976</bibRefCitation>
), has been found in the Atlantic Ocean – 
<collectingCountry id="F3797619B224FFBDFD31F89BFCB8F89D" box="[729,830,1882,1908]" name="Namibia" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">Namibia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B224FFBDFCA4F89BFBBFF89D" author="Alva V. &amp; Vadon C." box="[844,1081,1882,1908]" pageId="17" pageNumber="63" pagination="827 - 845" refId="ref11097" refString="Alva V. &amp; Vadon C. 1989. Ophiuroids from the western coast of Africa (Namibia and Guinea-Bissau). Scientia Marina 53 (4): 827 - 845." type="journal article" year="1989">Alva &amp; Vadon 1989</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB224FFBDFBA3F89BFECDF87E" authority="Baker, 1974" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1974" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="17" pageNumber="63" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elingamita">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB224FFBDFBA3F89BFAF3F89D" box="[1099,1397,1882,1908]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">Astrodendrum elingamita</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B224FFBDFF54F8BCFECDF87E" author="Baker A. N." box="[188,331,1917,1943]" pageId="17" pageNumber="63" pagination="247 - 266" refId="ref11130" refString="Baker A. N. 1974. New species of brittle-stars from New Zealand (Echinodermata: Ophiiuroidea). Records of the Dominion Museum 8 (15): 247 - 266." type="journal article" year="1974">Baker, 1974</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has been reported in 
<collectingCountry id="F3797619B224FFBDFDA1F8BFFD60F87E" box="[585,742,1917,1944]" name="New Zealand" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F3797619B224FFBDFCC8F8BCFC22F87E" box="[800,932,1917,1943]" name="Philippines" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">Philippines</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B224FFBDFC5CF8BCFBC7F87E" author="Baker A. N." box="[948,1089,1917,1943]" pageId="17" pageNumber="63" pagination="247 - 266" refId="ref11130" refString="Baker A. N. 1974. New species of brittle-stars from New Zealand (Echinodermata: Ophiiuroidea). Records of the Dominion Museum 8 (15): 247 - 266." type="journal article" year="1974">Baker 1974</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B224FFBDFBA6F8BCFAEFF87E" author="Okanishi M. &amp; Fujita T." box="[1102,1385,1917,1943]" pageId="17" pageNumber="63" pagination="289 - 310" refId="ref13263" refString="Okanishi M. &amp; Fujita T. 2018. A taxonomic review of the genus Astrodendrum (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida, Gorgonocephalidae) with description of a new species from Japan. Zootaxa 4392 (2): 289 - 310. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4392.2.4" type="journal article" year="2018">Okanishi &amp; Fujita 2018</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB224FFBDFF55F861FD77F853" authority="A. H. Clark, 1916" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1916" box="[189,753,1952,1979]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="17" pageNumber="63" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="galapagense">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB224FFBDFF55F861FD81F853" box="[189,519,1952,1978]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">Astrodendrum galapagense</emphasis>
A.H. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B224FFBDFDB7F861FD77F853" author="Clark H. L." box="[607,753,1952,1978]" pageId="17" pageNumber="63" pagination="1" refId="ref11760" refString="Clark H. L. 1916. Report on the Sea-Lilies, Starfishes, Brittle-Stars and Sea-Urchins obtained by the F. I. S. ' Endeavour' on the coast of Queensland, New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia, and Western Australia. Biological results of the fishing experiments carried on by the &quot; Endeavour &quot; 4 (1). Minister for Trade and Customs, Sydney. hhtps: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13854" type="journal article" year="1916">Clark, 1916</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from Galapagos Islands; 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB224FFBDFBD6F861FEFDF837" authority="(Koehler, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="17" pageNumber="63" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laevigatum">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB224FFBDFBD6F861FAF0F853" box="[1086,1398,1952,1978]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">Astrodendrum laevigatum</emphasis>
(Koehler, 1897)
</taxonomicName>
from Colombo (
<collectingCountry id="F3797619B224FFBDFDA4F805FD4CF837" box="[588,714,1988,2014]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
); and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB224FFBDFCFFF805FAB4F837" authority="(Doderlein, 1902)" baseAuthorityName="Doderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[791,1330,1988,2014]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="17" pageNumber="63" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sagaminum">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB224FFBDFCFFF805FBD6F834" box="[791,1104,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="63">Astrodendrum sagaminum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B224FFBDFB8CF805FAACF837" author="Doderlein L." box="[1124,1322,1988,2014]" pageId="17" pageNumber="63" pagination="320 - 326" refId="ref11875" refString="Doderlein L. 1902. Japanische Euryaliden. Zoologischer Anzeiger 25 (659 - 684): 320 - 326." type="journal article" year="1902">Döderlein, 1902</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F3797619B227FFBEFF55FEC8FE85FECA" box="[189,259,265,291]" name="Japan" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">Japan</collectingCountry>
, East 
<collectingCountry id="F3797619B227FFBEFEA4FEC8FE14FECA" box="[332,402,265,291]" name="China" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">China</collectingCountry>
Sea and 
<collectingCountry id="F3797619B227FFBEFDEAFEC8FDF0FECA" box="[514,630,265,291]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B227FFBEFD6FFEC8FCC2FECA" author="Doderlein L." box="[647,836,265,291]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" pagination="320 - 326" refId="ref11875" refString="Doderlein L. 1902. Japanische Euryaliden. Zoologischer Anzeiger 25 (659 - 684): 320 - 326." type="journal article" year="1902">Döderlein 1902</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B227FFBEFCBAFEC8FC09FECA" author="Doderlein L." box="[850,911,265,291]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" refId="ref11896" refString="Doderlein L. 1911. Uber japanische und andere Euryalae. KB Akademie der Wissenschaften, Munich. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 16334" type="book" year="1911">1911</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B227FFBEFC75FEC8FBA2FECA" author="Clark H. L." box="[925,1060,265,291]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 302" refId="ref11713" refString="Clark H. L. 1911. North Pacific ophiurans in the collection of the United States National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum (75): 1 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.75.1" type="journal article" year="1911">Clark 1911</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B227FFBEFBDAFEC8FB65FECA" author="Bomford T. L." box="[1074,1251,265,291]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" pagination="219 - 225" refId="ref11329" refString="Bomford T. L. 1913. A note on certain ophiiuroids in the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum 9 (4): 219 - 225." type="journal article" year="1913">Bomford 1913</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B227FFBEFB19FEC8FF7BFEAF" author="Matsumoto H." pageId="18" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 407" refId="ref12917" refString="Matsumoto H. 1917. A monograph of Japanese Ophiuroidea, arranged according to a new classification. Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo, Japan XXXVIII (2): 1 - 407." type="journal article" year="1917">Matsumoto 1917</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B227FFBEFEE4FEEDFDCFFEAF" author="Irimura S. &amp; Kubodera T." box="[268,585,300,326]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" pagination="135 - 143" refId="ref12347" refString="Irimura S. &amp; Kubodera T. 1998. Ophiuroidea in the East China Sea. Memoirs of the National Science Museum, Tokyo 31: 135 - 143." type="journal article" year="1998">Irimura &amp; Kubodera 1998</bibRefCitation>
); and the recently described 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB227FFBEFC4EFEEDFECDFE80" authority="Okanashi &amp; Fujita, 2018" authorityName="Okanashi &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2018" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinulosum">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB227FFBEFC4EFEEDFB5BFEAF" box="[934,1245,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">Astrodendrum spinulosum</emphasis>
Okanashi &amp; Fujita, 2018
</taxonomicName>
also from 
<collectingCountry id="F3797619B227FFBEFE21FE91FD96FE83" box="[457,528,336,362]" name="Japan" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">Japan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13689B227FFBEFF55FE50FC41FDFC" blockId="18.[188,1399,401,533]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">
In addition to the shape, size and arrangement of external ossicles – widely used as an important specific taxonomic character (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B227FFBEFE28FE75FDC9FE27" author="Baker A. N." box="[448,591,436,462]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" pagination="247 - 266" refId="ref11130" refString="Baker A. N. 1974. New species of brittle-stars from New Zealand (Echinodermata: Ophiiuroidea). Records of the Dominion Museum 8 (15): 247 - 266." type="journal article" year="1974">Baker 1974</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B227FFBEFDB6FE75FD1AFE27" author="Baker A. N." box="[606,668,436,462]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" pagination="11 - 83" refId="ref11164" refString="Baker A. N. 1980. Euryalinid Ophiuroidea (echinodermata) from Australia, New- Zealand, and the Southwest Pacific-Ocean. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 7 (1): 11 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1980.10423763" type="journal article" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B227FFBEFD43FE75FCECFE27" author="McKnight D. G." box="[683,874,436,462]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" refId="ref13008" refString="McKnight D. G. 2000. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Basket-stars and Snake-stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Euryalinida). National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand." type="book" year="2000">McKnight 2000</bibRefCitation>
) – 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B227FFBEFC7DFE75FB5FFE27" author="Okanishi M. &amp; Fujita T." box="[917,1241,436,462]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" pagination="289 - 310" refId="ref13263" refString="Okanishi M. &amp; Fujita T. 2018. A taxonomic review of the genus Astrodendrum (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida, Gorgonocephalidae) with description of a new species from Japan. Zootaxa 4392 (2): 289 - 310. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4392.2.4" type="journal article" year="2018">Okanishi and Fujita (2018)</bibRefCitation>
included the possibility of the lack of external ossicles (as in the case of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB227FFBEFC86FE19FB97FE18" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[878,1041,471,498]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laevigatum">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB227FFBEFC86FE19FB97FE18" box="[878,1041,471,498]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">A. laevigatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and they also proposed three new taxonomic characters to distinguish species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB227FFBEFCF1FE3BFC46FDFD" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1911" box="[793,960,506,532]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB227FFBEFCF1FE3BFC46FDFD" box="[793,960,506,532]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">Astrodendrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13689B227FFBEFF55FDFDFBA7FDBF" blockId="18.[189,1174,572,669]" box="[189,1057,572,598]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">• absence/ presence of bulges on lateral ridges of proximal portion of arm</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13689B227FFBEFF55FDA1FBAAFD93" blockId="18.[189,1174,572,669]" box="[189,1068,607,634]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">• number of terminal projections of arm spines on proximal portion of arm</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13689B227FFBEFF55FD42FB10FD74" blockId="18.[189,1174,572,669]" box="[189,1174,642,669]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">• number of secondary teeth of hook-shaped arm spines on distal portion of the arm</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13689B227FFBEFF55FD05FDE5FCE8" blockId="18.[189,1399,708,769]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">
The main morphological features of all known species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB227FFBEFC7CFD05FBBDFD37" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1911" box="[916,1083,708,734]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB227FFBEFC7CFD05FBBDFD37" box="[916,1083,708,734]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">Astrodendrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB227FFBEFB23FD05FAF1FD37" authority="Calero &amp; Ramil, 2023" authorityName="Calero &amp; Ramil" authorityYear="2023" box="[1227,1399,708,734]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="juancarlosi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB227FFBEFB23FD05FAF1FD37" box="[1227,1399,708,734]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">A. juancarlosi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957E0B227FFBEFF55FD26FE9CFCE8" box="[189,282,743,769]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, are summarized in 
<tableCitation id="C6EC0332B227FFBEFDEDFD26FDD9FCE8" box="[517,607,743,769]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="19.[185,255,581,609]" captionTargetBox="[196,1926,700,1715]" captionText="Table 2 (continued on next page). Key features for species of Astrodendrum Döderlein, 1911 mainly based on the original descriptions; references included in the Table indicated different sources. “–” means no data." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF116601B226FFBFFF51FD84FB7FFD6D" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" tableUuid="DF116601B226FFBFFF51FD84FB7FFD6D">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13689B227FFBEFF55FCE9FD8DFC8F" blockId="18.[189,1398,808,870]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB227FFBEFF55FCE9FE77FCAB" authorityName="Okanashi &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2018" box="[189,497,808,834]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinulosum">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB227FFBEFF55FCE9FE77FCAB" box="[189,497,808,834]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">Astrodendrum spinulosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the rest of species by the presence of bulges on lateral ridges of proximal portion of the arm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13689B227FFBEFF55FC4CFA80FBF9" blockId="18.[189,1399,909,1041]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">
The new species here described, also differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB227FFBEFCE3FC4CFC34FC4E" authorityName="Okanashi &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2018" box="[779,946,909,935]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinulosum">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB227FFBEFCE3FC4CFC34FC4E" box="[779,946,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">A. spinulosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the number of terminal projections of arm spines on the proximal portion of the arm (three in the case of the new species and one in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB227FFBEFF55FC15FEEFFC04" authorityName="Okanashi &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2018" box="[189,361,979,1006]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinulosum">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB227FFBEFF55FC15FEEFFC04" box="[189,361,979,1006]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">A. spinulosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). In addition, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB227FFBEFDF7FC15FD42FC04" authorityName="Okanishi &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2018" box="[543,708,979,1006]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinulosun">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB227FFBEFDF7FC15FD42FC04" box="[543,708,979,1006]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">A. spinulosun</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has cone-shaped external ossicles, while 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB227FFBEFB23FC15FAF1FC04" authority="Calero &amp; Ramil, 2023" authorityName="Calero &amp; Ramil" authorityYear="2023" box="[1227,1399,979,1006]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="juancarlosi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB227FFBEFB23FC15FAF1FC04" box="[1227,1399,979,1006]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">A. juancarlosi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957E0B227FFBEFF55FC36FE9EFBF8" box="[189,280,1015,1041]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has granule like ossicles ending in a crystalline point at the dorsal surface of the disc.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13689B227FFBEFF55FBF9FC1CFACC" blockId="18.[189,1400,1080,1318]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB227FFBEFF55FBF9FE77FBBB" authority="Calero &amp; Ramil, 2023" authorityName="Calero &amp; Ramil" authorityYear="2023" box="[189,497,1080,1106]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="juancarlosi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB227FFBEFF55FBF9FE77FBBB" box="[189,497,1080,1106]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">Astrodendrum juancarlosi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957E0B227FFBEFE10FBF8FDD5FBBA" box="[504,595,1081,1107]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is more similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB227FFBEFCD8FBF9FC4BFBBB" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1974" box="[816,973,1080,1106]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elingamita">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB227FFBEFCD8FBF9FC4BFBBB" box="[816,973,1080,1106]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">A. elingamita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the shape of the ventral coverage and the lack of a scale in the first tentacle pore. Nevertheless, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB227FFBEFC5CFB9DFBD3FB9C" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1974" box="[948,1109,1115,1142]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elingamita">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB227FFBEFC5CFB9DFBD3FB9C" box="[948,1109,1115,1142]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">A. elingamita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the first fork in the margin of the disc, while it is located before the margin in our species. The polygonal plates of the ventral covering are closer in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB227FFBEFDB9FB63FD68FB52" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1974" box="[593,750,1185,1212]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elingamita">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB227FFBEFDB9FB63FD68FB52" box="[593,750,1185,1212]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">A. elingamita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in our specimen. Our specimens also differ from 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB227FFBEFF57FB04FEDAFB36" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1974" box="[191,348,1221,1247]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elingamita">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB227FFBEFF57FB04FEDAFB36" box="[191,348,1221,1247]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">A. elingamita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having 
<specimenCount id="9D68FD00B227FFBEFE35FB04FDC7FB36" box="[477,577,1221,1247]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" type="generic" typeStatus="type">one type</specimenCount>
of dome-shaped granules with 1–2 hyaline terminal points rather than two smooth 
<typeStatus id="54D5882BB227FFBEFEBBFB28FE13FAEA" box="[339,405,1257,1283]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">types</typeStatus>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB227FFBEFE4BFB29FD5DFAEB" baseAuthorityName="Doderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[419,731,1256,1282]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sagaminum">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB227FFBEFE4BFB29FD5DFAEB" box="[419,731,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">Astrodendrum sagaminum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB227FFBEFC97FB29FB33FAEB" authority="Calero &amp; Ramil, 2023" authorityName="Calero &amp; Ramil" authorityYear="2023" box="[895,1205,1256,1282]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="juancarlosi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB227FFBEFC97FB29FB33FAEB" box="[895,1205,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">Astrodendrum juancarlosi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957E0B227FFBEFB57FB28FA9BFAEA" box="[1215,1309,1257,1283]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in also having 
<specimenCount id="9D68FD00B227FFBEFEFCFACDFE03FACF" box="[276,389,1292,1318]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
of granules and naked arms and ventral disk.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13689B227FFBEFF55FA8CFCE1FA44" blockId="18.[188,1399,1357,1453]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB227FFBEFF55FA8CFE4CFA8F" baseAuthorityName="Mortensen" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[189,458,1357,1383]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="capense">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB227FFBEFF55FA8CFE4CFA8F" box="[189,458,1357,1383]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">Astrodendrum capense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has several medium-sized conical tubercles along the radial shields; it also has some smaller conical tubercles along the inter-radial disc margin, both ending in small thorns. Moreover, the disc is closely covered with minute and smooth plates.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13689B227FFBEFF55FA15FA9FF9DC" blockId="18.[188,1398,1492,1589]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB227FFBEFF55FA15FE78FA07" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1916" box="[189,510,1492,1518]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="galapagense">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB227FFBEFF55FA15FE78FA07" box="[189,510,1492,1518]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">Astrodendrum galapagense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a dorsal coarse armament on the disc and arms. The external ossicles on the aboral disc are plate-shaped at periphery and conical at center, both slightly in contact, while on the oral surface has a few small widely scattered granules, except in the ventral interbrachial areas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13689B227FFBEFF55F99DFBDAF8ED" blockId="18.[189,1399,1628,1796]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB227FFBEFF55F99DFE6BF99F" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[189,493,1628,1654]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laevigatum">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB227FFBEFF55F99DFE6BF99F" box="[189,493,1628,1654]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">Astrodendrum laevigatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is covered by a thin, transparent, soft and perfectly smooth tegument without any granules or spines. According to the description of this species in the literature, there are some doubts about the inclusion of this species in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB227FFBEFCA8F962FC60F954" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1911" box="[832,998,1699,1725]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB227FFBEFCA8F962FC60F954" box="[832,998,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">Astrodendrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We consider necessary to review the 
<typeStatus id="54D5882BB227FFBEFF03F907FE98F909" box="[235,286,1734,1760]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">type</typeStatus>
material before we can reach a conclusion on this issue. Therefore, in this paper we follow 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B227FFBEFF55F928FE60F8EA" author="Okanishi M. &amp; Fujita T." box="[189,486,1769,1795]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" pagination="289 - 310" refId="ref13263" refString="Okanishi M. &amp; Fujita T. 2018. A taxonomic review of the genus Astrodendrum (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida, Gorgonocephalidae) with description of a new species from Japan. Zootaxa 4392 (2): 289 - 310. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4392.2.4" type="journal article" year="2018">Okanishi &amp; Fujita (2018)</bibRefCitation>
and keep the species within the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB227FFBEFC47F928FBD0F8EA" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1911" box="[943,1110,1769,1795]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB227FFBEFC47F928FBD0F8EA" box="[943,1110,1769,1795]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">Astrodendrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13689B227FFBEFF55F8EBFC6EF847" blockId="18.[189,1399,1834,1967]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">
Finally, our specimen has marked rectangular furrows that are absent in the rest of the species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB227FFBEFF55F88FFEE2F881" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1911" box="[189,356,1870,1896]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB227FFBEFF55F88FFEE2F881" box="[189,356,1870,1896]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">Astrodendrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Even though 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B227FFBEFDE6F88FFD67F881" author="Mortensen Th." box="[526,737,1870,1896]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" pagination="215 - 400" refId="ref13137" refString="Mortensen Th. 1933. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. LXV. Echinoderms of South Africa (Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kobenhavn: 93: 215 - 400." type="journal article" year="1933">Mortensen (1933)</bibRefCitation>
described the underside of the arms of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB227FFBEFB44F88FFAACF881" baseAuthorityName="Mortensen" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[1196,1322,1870,1896]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="capense">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB227FFBEFB44F88FFAACF881" box="[1196,1322,1870,1896]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="64">A. capense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as flat and without any grooves, he pointed out that this “may be an indication of a transverse furrow between the segments from the first forking onwards” (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B227FFBEFD32F855FC5FF847" author="Mortensen Th." box="[730,985,1940,1966]" pageId="18" pageNumber="64" pagination="215 - 400" refId="ref13137" refString="Mortensen Th. 1933. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. LXV. Echinoderms of South Africa (Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kobenhavn: 93: 215 - 400." type="journal article" year="1933">Mortensen 1933: 286</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF116601B226FFBFFF51FD84FB7FFD6D" ID-Table-UUID="DF116601B226FFBFFF51FD84FB7FFD6D" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF116601B226FFBFFF51FD84FB7FFD6D" pageId="19" pageNumber="65" startId="19.[185,255,581,609]" targetBox="[196,1926,700,1715]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="8BD13689B226FFBFFF51FD84F91FFD88" blockId="19.[185,1689,581,644]" box="[185,1689,581,609]" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB226FFBFFF51FD84FE9FFD88" bold="true" box="[185,281,581,609]" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">Table 2</emphasis>
(continued on next page). Key features for species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB226FFBFFC57FD84FAB4FD88" authority="Doderlein, 1911" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1911" box="[959,1330,581,609]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="19" pageNumber="65" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB226FFBFFC57FD84FBE0FD88" box="[959,1126,581,609]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">Astrodendrum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B226FFBFFB98FD84FAB4FD88" author="Doderlein L." box="[1136,1330,581,609]" pageId="19" pageNumber="65" refId="ref11896" refString="Doderlein L. 1911. Uber japanische und andere Euryalae. KB Akademie der Wissenschaften, Munich. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 16334" type="book" year="1911">Döderlein, 1911</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
mainly based on the original
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13689B226FFBFFF51FDA9FB7FFD6D" blockId="19.[185,1689,581,644]" box="[185,1273,616,644]" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">descriptions; references included in the Table indicated different sources. “–” means no data.</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD13689B226FFBFFE7CFD08F8F4F971" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">
<table id="F96EC429B2260053FF2CFD7DF800F95A" box="[196,1926,700,1715]" colsContinueIn="20.[196,1925,773,1631]" gridcols="8" gridrows="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">
<tr id="355E34CBB2260053FF2CFD7DF800FCE1" box="[196,1926,700,776]" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="65" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="768F5DB7B2260053FEB5FD7DFDB2FCE1" box="[349,564,700,776]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB226FFBFFE7CFD08FDA4FD12" authority="(Mortensen, 1933)" baseAuthorityName="Mortensen" baseAuthorityYear="1933" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="19" pageNumber="65" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="capense">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB226FFBFFE7CFD08FE7AFD09" box="[404,508,713,736]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">A. capense</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B226FFBFFE9DFD25FD9DFD12" author="Mortensen Th." box="[373,539,740,763]" pageId="19" pageNumber="65" pagination="215 - 400" refId="ref13137" refString="Mortensen Th. 1933. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. LXV. Echinoderms of South Africa (Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kobenhavn: 93: 215 - 400." type="journal article" year="1933">Mortensen, 1933</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="768F5DB7B2260053FDA2FD7DFC89FCE1" box="[586,783,700,776]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB226FFBFFD84FD08FD61FD12" authority="Baker, 1974" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1974" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="19" pageNumber="65" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elingamita">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB226FFBFFD84FD08FD68FD09" box="[620,750,713,736]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">A. elingamita</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B226FFBFFD9AFD25FD61FD12" author="Baker A. N." box="[626,743,740,763]" pageId="19" pageNumber="65" pagination="247 - 266" refId="ref11130" refString="Baker A. N. 1974. New species of brittle-stars from New Zealand (Echinodermata: Ophiiuroidea). Records of the Dominion Museum 8 (15): 247 - 266." type="journal article" year="1974">Baker, 1974</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="768F5DB7B2260053FCC1FD7DFC59FCE1" box="[809,991,700,776]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB226FFBFFCD2FD08FC51FD12" authority="A. H. Clark, 1916" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1916" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="19" pageNumber="65" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="galapagense">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB226FFBFFCD2FD08FC48FD09" box="[826,974,713,736]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">A. galapagense</emphasis>
A.H. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B226FFBFFC8EFD25FC51FD12" author="Clark H. L." box="[870,983,740,763]" pageId="19" pageNumber="65" pagination="1" refId="ref11760" refString="Clark H. L. 1916. Report on the Sea-Lilies, Starfishes, Brittle-Stars and Sea-Urchins obtained by the F. I. S. ' Endeavour' on the coast of Queensland, New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia, and Western Australia. Biological results of the fishing experiments carried on by the &quot; Endeavour &quot; 4 (1). Minister for Trade and Customs, Sydney. hhtps: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13854" type="journal article" year="1916">Clark, 1916</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="768F5DB7B2260053FBEEFD7DFB37FCE1" box="[1030,1201,700,776]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB226FFBFFBF1FD08FB2EFD12" authority="(Koehler, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="19" pageNumber="65" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laevigatum">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB226FFBFFBF1FD08FB18FD09" box="[1049,1182,713,736]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">A. laevigatum</emphasis>
(Koehler, 1897)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="768F5DB7B2260053FB3FFD7DFA19FCE1" box="[1239,1439,700,776]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB226FFBFFB1EFD08FA17FD12" authority="(Doderlein, 1902)" baseAuthorityName="Doderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1902" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="19" pageNumber="65" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sagaminum">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB226FFBFFB1EFD08FA06FD09" box="[1270,1408,713,736]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">A. sagaminum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B226FFBFFB03FD25FA0CFD12" author="Doderlein L." box="[1259,1418,740,763]" pageId="19" pageNumber="65" pagination="320 - 326" refId="ref11875" refString="Doderlein L. 1902. Japanische Euryaliden. Zoologischer Anzeiger 25 (659 - 684): 320 - 326." type="journal article" year="1902">Döderlein, 1902</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="768F5DB7B2260053FA50FD7DF90AFCE1" box="[1464,1676,700,776]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB226FFBFFA36FD7DF9BCFCE1" authority="Okanashi &amp; Fujita, 2018" authorityName="Okanashi &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2018" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="19" pageNumber="65" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinulosum">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB226FFBFFA36FD7DF9E0FD3A" box="[1502,1638,700,723]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">A. spinulosum</emphasis>
Okanashi &amp; Fujita, 2018
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="768F5DB7B2260053F94AFD7DF800FCE1" box="[1698,1926,700,776]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB226FFBFF940FD17F8B6FD04" authority="Calero &amp; Ramil, 2023" authorityName="Calero &amp; Ramil" authorityYear="2023" box="[1704,1840,726,749]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="19" pageNumber="65" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="juancarlosi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB226FFBFF940FD17F8B6FD04" box="[1704,1840,726,749]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">A. juancarlosi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957E0B226FFBFF8DEFD17F807FD04" box="[1846,1921,726,749]" pageId="19" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34CBB2260053FF2CFCD8F800FC72" box="[196,1926,793,923]" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">
<th id="768F5DB7B2260053FF2CFCD8FEC2FC72" box="[196,324,793,923]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">disc armament</th>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053FEB5FCD8FDB2FC72" box="[349,564,793,923]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">closely covered with small granular external ossicles, fully in contact</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053FDA2FCD8FC89FC72" box="[586,783,793,923]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">closely packed with dome-shaped granules of two distinct sizes</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053FCC1FCD8FC59FC72" box="[809,991,793,923]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">mostly naked integument, but with widely scattered coarse granules</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053FBEEFCD8FB37FC72" box="[1030,1201,793,923]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">no ornamentation</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053FB3FFCD8FA19FC72" box="[1239,1439,793,923]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">widely covered with small granules</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053FA50FCD8F90AFC72" box="[1464,1676,793,923]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">covered by conical external ossicles, but separated and scattered at periphery of the disc</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053F94AFCD8F800FC72" box="[1698,1926,793,923]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">covered by small granule-like external ossicles ending in a crystalline point.</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34CBB2260053FF2CFC6BF800FB88" box="[196,1926,938,1121]" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">
<th id="768F5DB7B2260053FF2CFC6BFEC2FB88" box="[196,324,938,1121]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">radial shields</th>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053FEB5FC6BFDB2FB88" box="[349,564,938,1121]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">covered with large conical external ossicles, separated and scattered, ending in a number of small thorns</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053FDA2FC6BFC89FB88" box="[586,783,938,1121]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">distinct, narrow at proximal end, widening distally</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053FCC1FC6BFC59FB88" box="[809,991,938,1121]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">
bar-like, covered by skin and external ossicles, almost reaching the centre of disc (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B226FFBFFCD8FBEEFC1FFB88" author="Okanishi M. &amp; Fujita T." pageId="19" pageNumber="65" pagination="289 - 310" refId="ref13263" refString="Okanishi M. &amp; Fujita T. 2018. A taxonomic review of the genus Astrodendrum (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida, Gorgonocephalidae) with description of a new species from Japan. Zootaxa 4392 (2): 289 - 310. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4392.2.4" type="journal article" year="2018">Okanishi &amp; Fujita 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053FBEEFC6BFB37FB88" box="[1030,1201,938,1121]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">smooth, large and narrow</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053FB3FFC6BFA19FB88" box="[1239,1439,938,1121]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">well-differentiated</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053FA50FC6BF90AFB88" box="[1464,1676,938,1121]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">bar like, completely concealed by external ossicles, not reaching disc centre</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053F94AFC6BF800FB88" box="[1698,1926,938,1121]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">bar-shaped and densely covered by granule-like ossicles ending in a crystalline point.</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34CBB2260053FF2CFBB1F800FA9E" box="[196,1926,1136,1399]" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">
<th id="768F5DB7B2260053FF2CFBB1FEC2FA9E" box="[196,324,1136,1399]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">VIA</th>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053FEB5FBB1FDB2FA9E" box="[349,564,1136,1399]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">closely covered by small flat polygonal plate-shaped ossicles together with some scattered large conical ossicles ending in a number of small thorns, on lateral marginal edge of the disc</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053FDA2FBB1FC89FA9E" box="[586,783,1136,1399]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">covered with granule-like ossicles of two distinct sizes</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053FCC1FBB1FC59FA9E" box="[809,991,1136,1399]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">covered by sub- equal granule-like ossicles.</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053FBEEFBB1FB37FA9E" box="[1030,1201,1136,1399]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">covered by a thin and smooth tegument</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053FB3FFBB1FA19FA9E" box="[1239,1439,1136,1399]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">
oral disc surface covered by flat, polygonal external ossicles, fully in contact on oral plate; slightly tumid, round and slightly in contact on adoral plates (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B226FFBFFACDFA84FAE9FA9E" author="Okanishi M. &amp; Fujita T." pageId="19" pageNumber="65" pagination="289 - 310" refId="ref13263" refString="Okanishi M. &amp; Fujita T. 2018. A taxonomic review of the genus Astrodendrum (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida, Gorgonocephalidae) with description of a new species from Japan. Zootaxa 4392 (2): 289 - 310. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4392.2.4" type="journal article" year="2018">Okanishi &amp; Fujita 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053FA50FBB1F90AFA9E" box="[1464,1676,1136,1399]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">the oral surface of disc covered by polygonal plate- shaped external ossicles, fully in contact; interradial surface of lateral disc covered by conical external ossicles and skin</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053F94AFBB1F800FA9E" box="[1698,1926,1136,1399]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">densely covered by small granule-like external ossicles</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34CBB2260053FF2CFA47F800F9B1" box="[196,1926,1414,1624]" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">
<th id="768F5DB7B2260053FF2CFA47FEC2F9B1" box="[196,324,1414,1624]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">mouth frame</th>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053FEB5FA47FDB2F9B1" box="[349,564,1414,1624]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">covered by irregularly polygonal flat plates</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053FDA2FA47FC89F9B1" box="[586,783,1414,1624]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">closely covered with slightly domed polygonal granule- like plates; adoral plates without this covering</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053FCC1FA47FC59F9B1" box="[809,991,1414,1624]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">only a few small and widely scattered granules</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053FBEEFA47FB37F9B1" box="[1030,1201,1414,1624]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">–</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053FB3FFA47FA19F9B1" box="[1239,1439,1414,1624]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">
oral shields, adoral shields, oral plates and ventral arm plates completely concealed by external ossicles (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B226FFBFFB0FF9E7FAD6F9B1" author="Okanishi M. &amp; Fujita T." pageId="19" pageNumber="65" pagination="289 - 310" refId="ref13263" refString="Okanishi M. &amp; Fujita T. 2018. A taxonomic review of the genus Astrodendrum (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida, Gorgonocephalidae) with description of a new species from Japan. Zootaxa 4392 (2): 289 - 310. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4392.2.4" type="journal article" year="2018">Okanishi &amp; Fujita 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053FA50FA47F90AF9B1" box="[1464,1676,1414,1624]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">oral shields, adoral shields, oral plates and ventral arm plates completely concealed by external ossicles</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053F94AFA47F800F9B1" box="[1698,1926,1414,1624]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">covered by small granules</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34CBB2260053FF2CF9A6F800F95A" box="[196,1926,1639,1715]" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">
<th id="768F5DB7B2260053FF2CF9A6FEC2F95A" box="[196,324,1639,1715]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">jaw</th>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053FEB5F9A6FDB2F95A" box="[349,564,1639,1715]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">small plates granule- like</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053FDA2F9A6FC89F95A" box="[586,783,1639,1715]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">–</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053FCC1F9A6FC59F95A" box="[809,991,1639,1715]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">only a few small and widely scattered granules</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053FBEEF9A6FB37F95A" box="[1030,1201,1639,1715]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">–</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053FB3FF9A6FA19F95A" box="[1239,1439,1639,1715]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">–</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053FA50F9A6F90AF95A" box="[1464,1676,1639,1715]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">–</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2260053F94AF9A6F800F95A" box="[1698,1926,1639,1715]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="65">sunken; jaw covered with small granules</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF116601B221FFB8FF51FD5BFE28FD5F" box="[185,430,666,694]" pageId="20" pageNumber="66" startId="20.[185,255,666,694]" targetBox="[196,1925,773,1631]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="8BD13689B221FFB8FF51FD5BFE28FD5F" blockId="20.[185,430,666,694]" box="[185,430,666,694]" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB221FFB8FF51FD5BFE90FD5F" bold="true" box="[185,278,666,694]" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">Table 2</emphasis>
(continued).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD13689B221FFB8FE7CFCD3F8B6F9AC" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">
<table id="F96EC429B2210053FF2CFCC4F803F9B6" box="[196,1925,773,1631]" colsContinueFrom="19.[196,1926,700,1715]" gridcols="8" gridrows="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">
<tr id="355E34CBB2210053FF2CFCC4F803FCB8" box="[196,1925,773,849]" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="66" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="768F5DB7B2210053FEB5FCC4FDB5FCB8" box="[349,563,773,849]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB221FFB8FE7CFCD3FDA4FCAD" authority="(Mortensen, 1933)" baseAuthorityName="Mortensen" baseAuthorityYear="1933" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="66" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="capense">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB221FFB8FE7CFCD3FE7AFCC0" box="[404,508,786,809]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">A. capense</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B221FFB8FE9DFCECFD9DFCAD" author="Mortensen Th." box="[373,539,813,836]" pageId="20" pageNumber="66" pagination="215 - 400" refId="ref13137" refString="Mortensen Th. 1933. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. LXV. Echinoderms of South Africa (Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kobenhavn: 93: 215 - 400." type="journal article" year="1933">Mortensen, 1933</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="768F5DB7B2210053FDA6FCC4FC8DFCB8" box="[590,779,773,849]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB221FFB8FD84FCD3FD61FCAD" authority="Baker, 1974" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1974" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="66" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elingamita">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB221FFB8FD84FCD3FD68FCC0" box="[620,750,786,809]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">A. elingamita</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B221FFB8FD9AFCECFD61FCAD" author="Baker A. N." box="[626,743,813,836]" pageId="20" pageNumber="66" pagination="247 - 266" refId="ref11130" refString="Baker A. N. 1974. New species of brittle-stars from New Zealand (Echinodermata: Ophiiuroidea). Records of the Dominion Museum 8 (15): 247 - 266." type="journal article" year="1974">Baker, 1974</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="768F5DB7B2210053FCCDFCC4FC65FCB8" box="[805,995,773,849]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB221FFB8FCD2FCD3FC51FCAD" authority="A. H. Clark, 1916" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1916" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="66" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="galapagense">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB221FFB8FCD2FCD3FC48FCC0" box="[826,974,786,809]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">A. galapagense</emphasis>
A.H. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B221FFB8FC8EFCECFC51FCAD" author="Clark H. L." box="[870,983,813,836]" pageId="20" pageNumber="66" pagination="1" refId="ref11760" refString="Clark H. L. 1916. Report on the Sea-Lilies, Starfishes, Brittle-Stars and Sea-Urchins obtained by the F. I. S. ' Endeavour' on the coast of Queensland, New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia, and Western Australia. Biological results of the fishing experiments carried on by the &quot; Endeavour &quot; 4 (1). Minister for Trade and Customs, Sydney. hhtps: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13854" type="journal article" year="1916">Clark, 1916</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="768F5DB7B2210053FC11FCC4FB38FCB8" box="[1017,1214,773,849]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB221FFB8FBF1FCD3FB2EFCAD" authority="(Koehler, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="66" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laevigatum">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB221FFB8FBF1FCD3FB18FCC0" box="[1049,1182,786,809]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">A. laevigatum</emphasis>
(Koehler, 1897)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="768F5DB7B2210053FB3EFCC4FA26FCB8" box="[1238,1440,773,849]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB221FFB8FB1EFCD3FA17FCAD" authority="(Doderlein, 1902)" baseAuthorityName="Doderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1902" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="66" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sagaminum">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB221FFB8FB1EFCD3FA06FCC0" box="[1270,1408,786,809]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">A. sagaminum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B221FFB8FB03FCECFA0CFCAD" author="Doderlein L." box="[1259,1418,813,836]" pageId="20" pageNumber="66" pagination="320 - 326" refId="ref11875" refString="Doderlein L. 1902. Japanische Euryaliden. Zoologischer Anzeiger 25 (659 - 684): 320 - 326." type="journal article" year="1902">Döderlein, 1902</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="768F5DB7B2210053FA52FCC4F90CFCB8" box="[1466,1674,773,849]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB221FFB8FA36FCC4F9BCFCB8" authority="Okanashi &amp; Fujita, 2018" authorityName="Okanashi &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2018" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="66" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinulosum">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB221FFB8FA36FCC4F9E0FCF5" box="[1502,1638,773,796]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">A. spinulosum</emphasis>
Okanashi &amp; Fujita, 2018
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="768F5DB7B2210053F94CFCC4F803FCB8" box="[1700,1925,773,849]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D0AB221FFB8F940FCDEF8B6FCDF" authority="Calero &amp; Ramil, 2023" authorityName="Calero &amp; Ramil" authorityYear="2023" box="[1704,1840,799,822]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="66" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="juancarlosi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91AEA9BB221FFB8F940FCDEF8B6FCDF" box="[1704,1840,799,822]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">A. juancarlosi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957E0B221FFB8F8DEFCDEF807FCDF" box="[1846,1921,799,822]" pageId="20" pageNumber="66" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34CBB2210053FF2CFCA3F803FBA7" box="[196,1925,866,1102]" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">
<th id="768F5DB7B2210053FF2CFCA3FEBEFBA7" box="[196,312,866,1102]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">arms</th>
<td id="768F5DB7B2210053FEB5FCA3FDB5FBA7" box="[349,563,866,1102]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">dorsally smooth, with small tubercle-like plates; Conspicuous medicn furrow, sunken transverse furrows between the segments; ventrally, irregular polygonal, flat plates</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2210053FDA6FCA3FC8DFBA7" box="[590,779,866,1102]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">prominent belts dorsally, more noticeable distally; fully covered with polygonal or rounded, slightly domed granules</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2210053FCCDFCA3FC65FBA7" box="[805,995,866,1102]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">only a few small and widely scattered granules</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2210053FC11FCA3FB38FBA7" box="[1017,1214,866,1102]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">broad at the base, with a longitudinal dorsal furrow; ventrally, quite smooth</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2210053FB3EFCA3FA26FBA7" box="[1238,1440,866,1102]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">small vaulted plates with a fine-hunched surface dorsally; ventrally, with flat, polygonal plates of unequal size</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2210053FA52FCA3F90CFBA7" box="[1466,1674,866,1102]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">tapering gradually toward arm tip; on aboral and lateral surface, each arm segment covered by single annular row of large oblong plates</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2210053F94CFCA3F803FBA7" box="[1700,1925,866,1102]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">dorsally and ventrally covered by granules; noticeable transverse furrows between the segments ventrally</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34CBB2210053FF2CFB9DF803FA5D" box="[196,1925,1116,1460]" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">
<th id="768F5DB7B2210053FF2CFB9DFEBEFA5D" box="[196,312,1116,1460]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">arm spines</th>
<td id="768F5DB7B2210053FEB5FB9DFDB5FA5D" box="[349,563,1116,1460]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">spiniform, beginning at the 2nd pore with 2 scales, 3 scales from the first fork and 2 again distally; spines simple, pointed proximally, further out ending in 2–3 hyaline thorns and distally hook-shaped</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2210053FDA6FB9DFC8DFA5D" box="[590,779,1116,1460]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">spiniform, beginning at 2nd pore, with 1–2 terminal, glassy teeth; 2–3 scales by pore proximally; 1–2 hook-shaped spines distally</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2210053FCCDFB9DFC65FA5D" box="[805,995,1116,1460]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">scales start at fourth pair of pores, 2 in proximal and 3 in the middle- distal part of arm proximal scales ovoid, up to 2 terminal projections and hook-shaped with a single secondary tooth distally</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2210053FC11FB9DFB38FA5D" box="[1017,1214,1116,1460]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">first 3–4 pairs of pores without papillae scales, 5th – 6th pairs with 1, 7th pair with 2 and after the 2nd fork with 3; spiniform scales elongated and cylindrical, with blunt end</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2210053FB3EFB9DFA26FA5D" box="[1238,1440,1116,1460]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">beginning at the 2nd pore with 2–3 spines proximally and further apart usually 2; spiniform scales short and weak, only about ⅓ to ¼ as long as an arm segment</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2210053FA52FB9DF90CFA5D" box="[1466,1674,1116,1460]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">first to sixth tentacle pore with single arm spine; eighth and subsequent pore with 2 or 3 spines; arm spines approximately one-third to one- fourth of length of corresponding arm segment, and covered by thin integument</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2210053F94CFB9DF803FA5D" box="[1700,1925,1116,1460]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">beginning at the 3rd pore, with 1 small spine proximally, then 2 and further out 3 arm spines; scales short and wide, ending in 2 or 3 hyaline points</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34CBB2210053FF2CFA02F803F9B6" box="[196,1925,1475,1631]" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">
<th id="768F5DB7B2210053FF2CFA02FEBEF9B6" box="[196,312,1475,1631]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">madreporite</th>
<td id="768F5DB7B2210053FEB5FA02FDB5F9B6" box="[349,563,1475,1631]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">almost inconspicuous, at the edge of the mouth frame, encroaching a little upon the inter-radius</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2210053FDA6FA02FC8DF9B6" box="[590,779,1475,1631]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">one small madreporite</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2210053FCCDFA02FC65F9B6" box="[805,995,1475,1631]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">
invisible in external view; completely covered by skin and external ossicles (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B78B221FFB8FC6BF9EFFC42F9B6" author="Okanishi M. &amp; Fujita T." pageId="20" pageNumber="66" pagination="289 - 310" refId="ref13263" refString="Okanishi M. &amp; Fujita T. 2018. A taxonomic review of the genus Astrodendrum (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida, Gorgonocephalidae) with description of a new species from Japan. Zootaxa 4392 (2): 289 - 310. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4392.2.4" type="journal article" year="2018">Okanishi &amp; Fujita 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2210053FC11FA02FB38F9B6" box="[1017,1214,1475,1631]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">indistinguishable</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2210053FB3EFA02FA26F9B6" box="[1238,1440,1475,1631]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">at the adoral angle of a soft interbrachial space; fragmented into several parts</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2210053FA52FA02F90CF9B6" box="[1466,1674,1475,1631]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">one large, elliptical madreporite situated on oral interradius</td>
<td id="768F5DB7B2210053F94CFA02F803F9B6" box="[1700,1925,1475,1631]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="66">one well-developed oval-shaped madreporite located just outside the mouth frame</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13689B220FFB9FF55FEC8FBFBFECA" blockId="21.[189,1149,265,291]" box="[189,1149,265,291]" pageId="21" pageNumber="67">
See 
<tableCitation id="C6EC0332B220FFB9FF06FEC8FEC3FECA" box="[238,325,265,291]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="19.[185,255,581,609]" captionTargetBox="[196,1926,700,1715]" captionText="Table 2 (continued on next page). Key features for species of Astrodendrum Döderlein, 1911 mainly based on the original descriptions; references included in the Table indicated different sources. “–” means no data." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF116601B226FFBFFF51FD84FB7FFD6D" pageId="21" pageNumber="67" tableUuid="DF116601B226FFBFFF51FD84FB7FFD6D">Table 2</tableCitation>
for comparison of main morphological characteristics among species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>