treatments-xml/data/03/C4/F9/03C4F90D7459FFABFCC8453FFB4CF985.xml
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<document id="14B42F4D09C3830A4BDF4952487677E8" ID-CLB-Dataset="8107" ID-DOI="10.37520/aemnp.2020.29" ID-GBIF-Dataset="de370c5d-f931-48e0-b4ed-3803bc22f2a4" ID-ISSN="1804-6487" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4489408" ID-ZooBank="5CF7D8D7-2AEF-4AFB-9DB2-80A8FB525144" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1612221645004" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kato, Daichi, Nakamura, Takeyuki &amp; Tachi, Takuji" docDate="2020" docId="03C4F90D7459FFABFCC8453FFB4CF985" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaEntMusNatPrag.60.2.449-461.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 60 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:BA2C5C8540539042E893A65A182CEA85.8:ActaEntMusNatPra.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="BA2C5C8540539042E893A65A182CEA85" docStyleName="ActaEntMusNatPra.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Epiphragma (Epiphragma) kempi Brunetti 1913" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="455" masterDocId="FFFD8175745DFFADFF94422CFFA1FD70" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic study of the genus Epiphragma of Japan (Diptera: Limoniidae)" masterLastPageNumber="461" masterPageNumber="449" pageNumber="453" updateTime="1698926196176" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:title id="92078E970BFD9390A2612E9DD7BDF599">Taxonomic study of the genus Epiphragma of Japan (Diptera: Limoniidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7DB7A0B07EBFD0795F2D6CE664B0154D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E04F4117A8310AC358D5F58DC0BD0428">Kato, Daichi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AEB5F4E4F9DA5B8CE1A7CE5374797E7A">Echigo-Matsunoyama Museum of Natural Sicences, Kyororo, 1712 - &amp; Matsunoyama, Tôkamachi, 942 - 1411, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="61C7C866373223F8D640C88A83E9D30B">Nakamura, Takeyuki</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="EE97E9367E23CE72D770078E0E81C616">The Shirakami Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1A499AD9673E7A5CF5A92F3E52CF6F44">Tachi, Takuji</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0342A63158818099101F417C146DEBC6">Matsunoyama, Tôkamachi, 942 - 1411, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03C4F90D7459FFABFCC8453FFB4CF985" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4550939" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177426659" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4550939" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C4F90D7459FFABFCC8453FFB4CF985" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C4F90D7459FFABFCC8453FFB4CF985" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="455" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">
<subSubSection id="C3771B907459FFA9FCC8453FFADAFA5B" box="[860,1403,1811,1835]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD2481B7459FFA9FCC8453FFADAFA5B" blockId="4.[828,1437,1811,1976]" box="[860,1403,1811,1835]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">
<heading id="D09AFF777459FFA9FCC8453FFADAFA5B" box="[860,1403,1811,1835]" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D33987459FFA9FCC8453FFADAFA5B" ID-CoL="6G7H6" authority="Brunetti, 1913" authorityName="Brunetti" authorityYear="1913" box="[860,1403,1811,1835]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Epiphragma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kempi" subGenus="Epiphragma">
<emphasis id="B91994097459FFA9FCC8453FFADAFA5B" bold="true" box="[860,1403,1811,1835]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">
<emphasis id="B91994097459FFA9FCC8453FFC47FA5B" bold="true" box="[860,998,1811,1835]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">Epiphragma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B91994097459FFA9FC62453FFB21FA5B" bold="true" box="[1014,1152,1811,1835]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">Epiphragma</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B91994097459FFA9FB1B453FFB73FA5B" bold="true" box="[1167,1234,1811,1835]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">kempi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC35EA7459FFA9FB4C4538FADAFA5B" author="BRUNETTI E." box="[1240,1403,1812,1835]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" pagination="149 - 190" refId="ref11921" refString="BRUNETTI E. 1913: Zoological results of the Abor Expedition, 1911 - 12. Diptera. Records of the Indian Museum 8: 149 - 190." type="journal article" year="1913">Brunetti, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3771B907459FFA9FBB1451FFB12FA36" box="[1061,1203,1843,1862]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD2481B7459FFA9FBB1451FFB12FA36" blockId="4.[828,1437,1811,1976]" box="[1061,1203,1843,1862]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">
(
<figureCitation id="1356549E7459FFA9FBBF451FFB2FFA36" box="[1067,1166,1843,1862]" captionStart="Figs 1522" captionStartId="5.[151,188,1978,1997]" captionTargetBox="[156,1433,189,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[150,1433,189,1851]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 1522. Epiphragma kempi Brunetti, 1913. 15 habitus (male from Tokunoshima Is.); 16 habitus (male from Ishigaki Is.); 17 wings (upper one from Amami Is., middle one from Okinawa Is., lower one from Ishigaki Is.); 18 male genitalia in dorsal view; 19 interbase in dorsal view; 20 female abdominal sternite 8 and hypogynial valve in ventral view; 21 furca in dorsal view; 22 female abdominal sternite 10 in ventral view. Scale bars = 5 mm (1516), 2 mm (17), 0.25 mm (1822)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4489420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4489420/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">Figs 1522</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1356549E7459FFA9FB02451FFB0DFA36" box="[1174,1196,1843,1862]" captionStart="Figs 4447" captionStartId="11.[151,188,2030,2049]" captionTargetBox="[175,1373,1137,1999]" captionTargetId="figure-553@11.[175,1412,1123,2015]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 4447. Distributions of Epiphragma species in Japan. 44 E. gracilistylus Alexander, 1933; 45 E. amamiense sp. nov. (blue) and E. subfascipenne Alexander, 1920 (red); 46 E. kempi (blue) and E. subinsigne Alexander, 1920 (red); 47 E. trichomerum Alexander, 1955." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4489437" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4489437/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">46</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3771B907459FFA9FCA84579FAF1FAC8" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD2481B7459FFA9FCA84579FBF8FAF3" blockId="4.[828,1437,1811,1976]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7D6F357459FFA9FCA84579FA3CFA18" box="[828,1437,1877,1896]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACC6E0A7459FFA9FCA84579FB38FA18" author="BRUNETTI E." box="[828,1177,1877,1896]" page="155" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" year="1913">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D33987459FFA9FCA84579FB38FA18" ID-CoL="6G7H6" authority="Brunetti, 1913: 155" authorityName="Brunetti" authorityPageNumber="155" authorityYear="1913" box="[828,1177,1877,1896]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Epiphragma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kempi">
<emphasis id="B91994097459FFA9FCA84579FC43FA18" box="[828,994,1877,1896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">Epiphragma kempi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC35EA7459FFA9FC7E4579FB38FA18" author="BRUNETTI E." box="[1002,1177,1877,1896]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" pagination="149 - 190" refId="ref11921" refString="BRUNETTI E. 1913: Zoological results of the Abor Expedition, 1911 - 12. Diptera. Records of the Indian Museum 8: 149 - 190." type="journal article" year="1913">Brunetti, 1913: 155</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="54D6F6B97459FFA9FB304579FB6FFA18" box="[1188,1230,1877,1896]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingCountry id="F37A088B7459FFA9FAB04579FAF3FA18" box="[1316,1362,1877,1896]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49A986F97459FFA9FAC94579FA38FA18" box="[1373,1433,1877,1896]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">Assam</collectingRegion>
,
</treatmentCitationGroup>
between Kalek and Misshing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD2481B7459FFA9FCA845A6FB1DFAED" blockId="4.[828,1437,1811,1976]" box="[828,1212,1930,1949]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D33987459FFA9FCA845A6FC5FFAED" ID-CoL="6G7H6" authority=": ED" authorityName="ED" box="[828,1022,1930,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Epiphragma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kempi">
<emphasis id="B91994097459FFA9FCA845A6FC7EFAED" box="[828,991,1930,1949]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">Epiphragma kempi</emphasis>
: EĐ
</taxonomicName>
wΑ*R Đ S (1913: 204).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD2481B7459FFA9FCA84589FAF1FAC8" blockId="4.[828,1437,1811,1976]" box="[828,1360,1957,1976]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D33987459FFA9FCA84589FBFCFAC8" ID-CoL="6G7H6" authority="Brunetti, 1913" box="[828,1117,1957,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Epiphragma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kempi" subGenus="Epiphragma">
<emphasis id="B91994097459FFA9FCA84589FC06FAC8" box="[828,935,1957,1976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">Epiphragma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B91994097459FFA9FC274589FBBFFAC8" box="[947,1054,1957,1976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">Epiphragma</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B91994097459FFA9FBBE4589FBFCFAC8" box="[1066,1117,1957,1976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">kempi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Oο SΤΕ*R*ô*R οΕk (2019).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3771B907459FFABFCA845E3FDA8FF41" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="455" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD2481B7459FFABFCA845E3FDA8FF41" blockId="4.[828,1437,1999,2071]" lastBlockId="6.[151,761,189,2073]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="455" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">
<emphasis id="B91994097459FFA9FCA845E3FCDAFA8C" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">
Non-type material examined.
<collectingCountry id="F37A088B7459FFA9FBDB45E3FB36FA92" box="[1103,1175,1999,2018]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
: NΑΝ SEI I SLΑΝDS: AΜΑΜI I SLΑΝD S:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D6B83927459FFA9FC1445C5FC10FA8D" box="[896,945,2022,2045]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="49A986F97459FFA9FC2945C5FB81FA8C" box="[957,1056,2025,2044]" country="Japan" name="Kagoshima" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">Kagoshima</collectingRegion>
, Amami Island, Setouchi-chô, Mt. Yui-dake (
<collectionCode id="ED7CD0DE7459FFA9FCD64A28FCC4F567" box="[834,869,2052,2071]" country="Russia" name="Mus. Tinro, Vladyvostok" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">MT</collectionCode>
),
<date id="FFD36EDB7459FFA9FCE64A28FC79F567" box="[882,984,2052,2071]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453" value="2004-08-10">10.viii.2004</date>
, H.Makihara (
<collectionCode id="ED7CD0DE7459FFA9FBC54A28FB27F567" box="[1105,1158,2052,2071]" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">SIHU</collectionCode>
); 1♁,
<collectingRegion id="49A986F97459FFA9FB2E4A28FABDF567" box="[1210,1308,2052,2071]" country="Japan" name="Kagoshima" pageId="4" pageNumber="453">Kagoshima</collectingRegion>
,Amami Island, Setouchi-chô,Mt. Eboshi-dake,
<date id="FFD36EDB745BFFABFE0B42E8FE4BFDA7" box="[415,490,196,215]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" value="2013-10-03">3.x.2013</date>
,D.Kato (
<collectionCode id="ED7CD0DE745BFFABFDAF42E8FDD9FDA7" box="[571,632,196,215]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">BLKU</collectionCode>
); 1♁, Kagoshima, Amami Island, Yamato-son, Materia Falls,
<date id="FFD36EDB745BFFABFDBD42F2FD20FD81" box="[553,641,222,241]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" value="2004-07-04">4.vii.2004</date>
, T. Nakamura (
<collectionCode id="ED7CD0DE745BFFABFF0942D5FF75FC7C" box="[157,212,249,268]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">SIHU</collectionCode>
); 5 ♁♁, Kagoshima, Tokunoshima Island, Tokunoshima-chô, Kedoku, Mt. Minada,
<date id="FFD36EDB745BFFABFEC74338FE11FC57" box="[339,432,276,295]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" value="2013-09-30">30.ix.2013</date>
, D. Kato (
<collectionCode id="ED7CD0DE745BFFABFD914338FDE5FC57" box="[517,580,276,295]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">BLKU</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="B9199409745BFFABFDC64338FD58FC57" bold="true" box="[594,761,276,295]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">OĸIΝΑWΑ I SLΑΝDS:</emphasis>
4 ♁♁
<specimenCount id="9D6B8392745BFFABFF5F4302FF4BFC32" box="[203,234,299,322]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Okinawa, Okinawa Island, Kunigami-son, Yona,
<date id="FFD36EDB745BFFABFD024302FD55FC31" box="[662,756,302,321]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" value="2004-03-28">28.iii.2004</date>
, T. Nakamura (
<collectionCode id="ED7CD0DE745BFFABFE844365FEE7FC2C" box="[272,326,329,348]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">SIHU</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D6B8392745BFFABFEC04365FED2FC2C" box="[340,371,325,348]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Okinawa, Okinawa Island, Nago-shi, Genka, Mt. Ubashi-yama,
<date id="FFD36EDB745BFFABFEAD4348FE39FC07" box="[313,408,356,375]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" value="2017-03-12">12.iii.2017</date>
, D. Kato (
<collectionCode id="ED7CD0DE745BFFABFE664348FD90FC07" box="[498,561,356,375]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">BLKU</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="B9199409745BFFABFDAB4348FD49FC07" bold="true" box="[575,744,356,375]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">YΑE Y ΑΜΑ I SLΑΝDS:</emphasis>
1 ♁, Okinawa, Iriomote Island, Taketomi-chô, Komi, Maira-gawa River,
<date id="FFD36EDB745BFFABFF0343B5FF56FCDC" box="[151,247,409,428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" value="2017-03-15">15.iii.2017</date>
, D. Kato (
<collectionCode id="ED7CD0DE745BFFABFECC43B5FE36FCDC" box="[344,407,409,428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">BLKU</collectionCode>
); 2 ♁♁
<specimenCount id="9D6B8392745BFFABFE7043B5FDA7FCDC" box="[484,518,405,428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Okinawa, Ishigaki Island, Ishigaki-shi, Mt. Omoto,
<date id="FFD36EDB745BFFABFEE04398FE70FCB7" box="[372,465,436,455]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" value="2007-11-13">13.xi.2007</date>
, T. Nakamura (
<collectionCode id="ED7CD0DE745BFFABFDCC4398FD2FFCB7" box="[600,654,436,455]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">SIHU</collectionCode>
); 1 ♁, same data as previous except
<date id="FFD36EDB745BFFABFEF143E2FE62FC91" box="[357,451,462,481]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" value="2013-09-26">26.ix.2013</date>
, D. Kato (
<collectionCode id="ED7CD0DE745BFFABFD8843E2FDFAFC91" box="[540,603,462,481]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">BLKU</collectionCode>
); 2 ♁♁, Okinawa, Iriomote Island, Taketomi-chô, Haeminaka to Haemi,
<date id="FFD36EDB745BFFABFDEC43C5FD76FC8C" box="[632,727,489,508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" value="2017-03-15">15.iii.2017</date>
, D. Kato (
<collectionCode id="ED7CD0DE745BFFABFF584028FEAAFF67" box="[204,267,516,535]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">BLKU</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="B9199409745BFFABFE8D4028FE0AFF67" bold="true" box="[281,427,516,535]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">
<collectingCountry id="F37A088B745BFFABFE8D4028FEFAFF67" box="[281,347,516,535]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">INDIA</collectingCountry>
: SIĸĸIΜ:
</emphasis>
1 ♁,
<collectingRegion id="49A986F9745BFFABFE4E4028FDBBFF67" box="[474,538,516,535]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
, Lingtham,
<date id="FFD36EDB745BFFABFD144028FD7EFF67" box="[640,735,516,535]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" value="1959-08-08">8.viii.1959</date>
, T. Schmid (identified by Alexander /
<collectionCode id="ED7CD0DE745BFFABFE2A4032FDA1FF41" box="[446,512,542,561]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF1218937458FFA8FF034596FDBDF56D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4489420" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4489420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4489420/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="454" startId="5.[151,188,1978,1997]" targetBox="[156,1433,189,1838]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BD2481B7458FFA8FF034596FDBDF56D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1978,2077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="454">
Figs 1522.
<taxonomicName id="4C6D33987458FFA8FE954596FD84FABD" authority="Brunetti, 1913" authorityName="Brunetti" authorityYear="1913" box="[257,549,1978,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Epiphragma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="454" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kempi">
<emphasis id="B91994097458FFA8FE954596FE02FABD" box="[257,419,1978,1997]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="454">Epiphragma kempi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC35EA7458FFA8FE3C4596FD84FABD" author="BRUNETTI E." box="[424,549,1978,1997]" pageId="5" pageNumber="454" pagination="149 - 190" refId="ref11921" refString="BRUNETTI E. 1913: Zoological results of the Abor Expedition, 1911 - 12. Diptera. Records of the Indian Museum 8: 149 - 190." type="journal article" year="1913">Brunetti, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 15 habitus (male from Tokunoshima Is.); 16 habitus (male from Ishigaki Is.); 17 wings (upper one from Amami Is., middle one from Okinawa Is., lower one from Ishigaki Is.); 18 male genitalia in dorsal view; 19 interbase in dorsal view; 20 female abdominal sternite 8 and hypogynial valve in ventral view; 21 furca in dorsal view; 22 female abdominal sternite 10 in ventral view. Scale bars = 5 mm (1516), 2 mm (17), 0.25 mm (1822).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3771B90745BFFABFF03406EFA9CFFA5" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD2481B745BFFABFF03406EFF4BFFC9" blockId="6.[151,761,189,2073]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">
<emphasis id="B9199409745BFFABFF03406EFE2BFF29" bold="true" box="[151,394,577,601]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">
Redescription.
<emphasis id="B9199409745BFFABFEDD406DFE23FF29" bold="true" box="[329,386,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">Male</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Body length
<quantity id="4C95E5FE745BFFABFDB3406EFD0EFF29" box="[551,687,578,601]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.25" metricValueMax="9.1" metricValueMin="7.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" unit="mm" value="8.25" valueMax="9.1" valueMin="7.4">7.49.1 mm</quantity>
. Wing length
<quantity id="4C95E5FE745BFFABFF70404EFECDFF09" box="[228,364,610,633]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.05" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="8.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" unit="mm" value="9.05" valueMax="9.6" valueMin="8.5">8.59.6 mm</quantity>
. Body colouration darker and wing marking narrower or smaller in specimens from Yaeyama Islands.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD2481B745BFFABFF2140EEFDB9FE29" blockId="6.[151,761,189,2073]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">Head yellowish brown to brown with yellowish grey pruinescence; vertex with dark central line; antenna with scape dark brown, pedicel brown; flagellomeres 12 orange-yellow, following flagellomeres evenly dark brown; palpus and mouth parts dark brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD2481B745BFFABFF21414EFE46FA49" blockId="6.[151,761,189,2073]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">
Thorax with mesonotum yellowish brown to brown, darkened at anterior end, this dark area extending posteriorly in short length, lateral sides of prescutum widely dark, anterior inner margin of this dark area sometimes extending posteromedially; pruinescence of mesonotum very weak, indistinct on anterior half in dorsal view; prescutum with four dark areas on posterior third; postsutural area largely darkened at middle, dark area extending to basal area of scutellum; anterior outer edge of scutal lobe with small dark spot; mediotergite slightly darkened with V-shaped lighter area; pleuron yellowish brown, variegated with darker areas and grey pruinescence. Legs with coxae and trochanters yellow to yellowish brown, fore and mid coxae with darker area at middle, hind coxa with dark area on lower half; femora, tibiae and tarsi yellow to yellowish brown; each femur with short weak brown band near tip, 1.02.0 times as long as width of femur and sometimes indistinct. Wing (
<figureCitation id="1356549E745BFFABFEC647AEFE01F8E9" box="[338,416,1410,1433]" captionStart="Figs 1522" captionStartId="5.[151,188,1978,1997]" captionTargetBox="[156,1433,189,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[150,1433,189,1851]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 1522. Epiphragma kempi Brunetti, 1913. 15 habitus (male from Tokunoshima Is.); 16 habitus (male from Ishigaki Is.); 17 wings (upper one from Amami Is., middle one from Okinawa Is., lower one from Ishigaki Is.); 18 male genitalia in dorsal view; 19 interbase in dorsal view; 20 female abdominal sternite 8 and hypogynial valve in ventral view; 21 furca in dorsal view; 22 female abdominal sternite 10 in ventral view. Scale bars = 5 mm (1516), 2 mm (17), 0.25 mm (1822)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4489420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4489420/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
) 3.64.2 times as long as wide, greyish subhyaline with brown markings, outlined with dark brown, these darker margins sometimes indistinct on posterior half of wing; markings interrupted transversely at middle of wing in Amami Islands and joining near distal end of cell br in
<collectingRegion id="49A986F9745BFFABFED8440EFE0DFB49" box="[332,428,1570,1593]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
and Yaeyama Islands; circular marking enclosing base of Rs with narrow dark seam inside, restricted on base of Rs; markings at distal end of cell sc and on inner and outer ends of cell d solid; cell d with one large subhyaline area at middle; spots at tips of veins near wing tip narrowly connected to adjacent ones; marking at tip of R 2 reaching at R 4L5; variation of development of wing marking small in same locality. Halter dusky yellow with dark band at base of knob.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD2481B745BFFABFF21456EFB0BFC25" blockId="6.[151,761,189,2073]" lastBlockId="6.[828,1437,190,1269]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">
Abdomen yellowish brown to brown, each segment with weak pruinescence at caudal margin, strongly widened at lateral sides of tergites; sternites paler, each segment darkened along lateral margins. Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="1356549E745BFFABFDFA458EFD1BFAC9" box="[622,698,1954,1977]" captionStart="Figs 1522" captionStartId="5.[151,188,1978,1997]" captionTargetBox="[156,1433,189,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[150,1433,189,1851]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 1522. Epiphragma kempi Brunetti, 1913. 15 habitus (male from Tokunoshima Is.); 16 habitus (male from Ishigaki Is.); 17 wings (upper one from Amami Is., middle one from Okinawa Is., lower one from Ishigaki Is.); 18 male genitalia in dorsal view; 19 interbase in dorsal view; 20 female abdominal sternite 8 and hypogynial valve in ventral view; 21 furca in dorsal view; 22 female abdominal sternite 10 in ventral view. Scale bars = 5 mm (1516), 2 mm (17), 0.25 mm (1822)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4489420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4489420/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
) with tergite 9 bearing pair of large and narrow subtriangular median lobes at posterior margin; sternite 9 flattened at caudal margin, without conical tubercle; gonostyli large, about 1/2 length of gonocoxite; interbase (
<figureCitation id="1356549E745BFFABFA994292FAFAFDA5" box="[1293,1371,190,213]" captionStart="Figs 1522" captionStartId="5.[151,188,1978,1997]" captionTargetBox="[156,1433,189,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[150,1433,189,1851]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 1522. Epiphragma kempi Brunetti, 1913. 15 habitus (male from Tokunoshima Is.); 16 habitus (male from Ishigaki Is.); 17 wings (upper one from Amami Is., middle one from Okinawa Is., lower one from Ishigaki Is.); 18 male genitalia in dorsal view; 19 interbase in dorsal view; 20 female abdominal sternite 8 and hypogynial valve in ventral view; 21 furca in dorsal view; 22 female abdominal sternite 10 in ventral view. Scale bars = 5 mm (1516), 2 mm (17), 0.25 mm (1822)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4489420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4489420/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
) with rod moderate in length, tip extending beyond tip of aedeagus and ending at about basal 3/5 of gonocoxite, straight on basal 3/4 and curved medially on apical part; base of interbase slightly shorter than rod.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD2481B745BFFABFCCE4371FA3CFCE5" blockId="6.[828,1437,190,1269]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">
<emphasis id="B9199409745BFFABFCCE4371FC12FC05" bold="true" box="[858,947,349,373]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">Female.</emphasis>
Body length
<quantity id="4C95E5FE745BFFABFBD54372FB7CFC05" box="[1089,1245,350,373]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.085" metricValueMax="1.1199999999999999" metricValueMin="1.05" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" unit="mm" value="10.85" valueMax="11.2" valueMin="10.5">10.511.2 mm</quantity>
. Wing length
<quantity id="4C95E5FE745BFFABFAFA4372FC3AFCE5" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.45" metricValueMax="10.4" metricValueMin="8.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" unit="mm" value="9.45" valueMax="10.4" valueMin="8.5">8.5 10.4 mm</quantity>
. Generally resembling male except for terminalia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD2481B745BFFABFCCE43B2FA9CFFA5" blockId="6.[828,1437,190,1269]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">
Ovipositor with sternite 8 (
<figureCitation id="1356549E745BFFABFB0243B2FB4DFCC5" box="[1174,1260,414,437]" captionStart="Figs 1522" captionStartId="5.[151,188,1978,1997]" captionTargetBox="[156,1433,189,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[150,1433,189,1851]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 1522. Epiphragma kempi Brunetti, 1913. 15 habitus (male from Tokunoshima Is.); 16 habitus (male from Ishigaki Is.); 17 wings (upper one from Amami Is., middle one from Okinawa Is., lower one from Ishigaki Is.); 18 male genitalia in dorsal view; 19 interbase in dorsal view; 20 female abdominal sternite 8 and hypogynial valve in ventral view; 21 furca in dorsal view; 22 female abdominal sternite 10 in ventral view. Scale bars = 5 mm (1516), 2 mm (17), 0.25 mm (1822)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4489420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4489420/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
) bearing linear apodeme on lateral side of posterior half; when viewed ventrally, length of sternite 8 excluding hypogynial valve usually slightly shorter than wide; sternite 8 with indistinct dark markings in various areas, marking often indistinct; furca (
<figureCitation id="1356549E745BFFABFC154012FC6FFF25" box="[897,974,574,597]" captionStart="Figs 1522" captionStartId="5.[151,188,1978,1997]" captionTargetBox="[156,1433,189,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[150,1433,189,1851]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 1522. Epiphragma kempi Brunetti, 1913. 15 habitus (male from Tokunoshima Is.); 16 habitus (male from Ishigaki Is.); 17 wings (upper one from Amami Is., middle one from Okinawa Is., lower one from Ishigaki Is.); 18 male genitalia in dorsal view; 19 interbase in dorsal view; 20 female abdominal sternite 8 and hypogynial valve in ventral view; 21 furca in dorsal view; 22 female abdominal sternite 10 in ventral view. Scale bars = 5 mm (1516), 2 mm (17), 0.25 mm (1822)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4489420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4489420/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
) vertically long elliptical or tongue-shaped on anterior 4/5, narrowest at fork at basal 1/5, with longitudinal groove extending almost all length of furca; sternite 10 (
<figureCitation id="1356549E745BFFABFCF740B2FC0FFFC5" box="[867,942,670,693]" captionStart="Figs 1522" captionStartId="5.[151,188,1978,1997]" captionTargetBox="[156,1433,189,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[150,1433,189,1851]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 1522. Epiphragma kempi Brunetti, 1913. 15 habitus (male from Tokunoshima Is.); 16 habitus (male from Ishigaki Is.); 17 wings (upper one from Amami Is., middle one from Okinawa Is., lower one from Ishigaki Is.); 18 male genitalia in dorsal view; 19 interbase in dorsal view; 20 female abdominal sternite 8 and hypogynial valve in ventral view; 21 furca in dorsal view; 22 female abdominal sternite 10 in ventral view. Scale bars = 5 mm (1516), 2 mm (17), 0.25 mm (1822)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4489420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4489420/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
) roughly squarish, indistinct at anterior margin, with small three projections at posterior margin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3771B90745BFFABFCA840F2FBBCFE45" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD2481B745BFFABFCA840F2FBBCFE45" blockId="6.[828,1437,190,1269]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">
<emphasis id="B9199409745BFFABFCA840F2FC75FF85" bold="true" box="[828,980,734,757]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F37A088B745BFFABFC4A40F2FBBCFF85" box="[990,1053,734,757]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">Japan</collectingCountry>
(Nansei Islands: Amami Islands;
<collectingRegion id="49A986F9745BFFABFCA840D2FC3CFE65" box="[828,925,766,789]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
Islands; Yaeyama Islands) (
<figureCitation id="1356549E745BFFABFB4F40D2FA8EFE65" box="[1243,1327,766,789]" captionStart="Figs 4447" captionStartId="11.[151,188,2030,2049]" captionTargetBox="[175,1373,1137,1999]" captionTargetId="figure-553@11.[175,1412,1123,2015]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 4447. Distributions of Epiphragma species in Japan. 44 E. gracilistylus Alexander, 1933; 45 E. amamiense sp. nov. (blue) and E. subfascipenne Alexander, 1920 (red); 46 E. kempi (blue) and E. subinsigne Alexander, 1920 (red); 47 E. trichomerum Alexander, 1955." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4489437" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4489437/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F37A088B745BFFABFAD240D2FA39FE65" box="[1350,1432,766,789]" name="Taiwan" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37A088B745BFFABFCA84132FCD4FE45" box="[828,885,798,821]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">India</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F37A088B745BFFABFC394132FBB8FE45" box="[941,1049,798,821]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3771B90745BFFABFCA84112FB4CF985" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD2481B745BFFABFCA84112FB4CF985" blockId="6.[828,1437,190,1269]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">
<emphasis id="B9199409745BFFABFCA84112FC0BFE25" bold="true" box="[828,938,830,853]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">Remarks.</emphasis>
The specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F37A088B745BFFABFB044112FB66FE25" box="[1168,1223,830,853]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">India</collectingCountry>
have wider femoral bands, about four times as long as width of femur, while 1.02.0 times or indistinct in the specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F37A088B745BFFABFACD4152FA38FEE5" box="[1369,1433,894,917]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">Japan</collectingCountry>
. However, based on the structure of the male genitalia, the Japanese specimens are treated as conspecific. This species is very similar to a Taiwanese species,
<taxonomicName id="4C6D3398745BFFABFB5741F2FC48F965" authority="Alexander, 1923" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Epiphragma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divisum">
<emphasis id="B9199409745BFFABFB5741F2FA3DFE85" box="[1219,1436,990,1013]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">Epiphragma divisum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC35EA745BFFABFCA841D2FC48F965" author="ALEXANDER C. P." box="[828,1001,1022,1045]" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" pagination="57 - 76" refId="ref11565" refString="ALEXANDER C. P. 1923: Undescribed species of Japanese crane-flies (Tipulidae, Diptera). Part III. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 16: 57 - 76." type="journal article" year="1923">
Alexander,
<quantity id="4C95E5FE745BFFABFC2041D2FC48F965" box="[948,1001,1022,1045]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.88442" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" unit="in" value="1923.0">1923</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in terms of wing marking and structure of male genitalia, but is distinguished from it by the following characters: each femur with one dark band near tip (without band in
<taxonomicName id="4C6D3398745BFFABFC1B4672FC5FF905" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1923" box="[911,1022,1118,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Epiphragma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divisum">
<emphasis id="B9199409745BFFABFC1B4672FC5FF905" box="[911,1022,1118,1141]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">E. divisum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); brown spots at tips of M 3 and M 4 very distinct, longer than width of cell m 4 (much smaller than half width of cell m
<quantity id="4C95E5FE745BFFABFB824682FB9DF9C5" box="[1046,1084,1182,1212]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C6D3398745BFFABFBD146B2FB16F9C5" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1923" box="[1093,1207,1182,1205]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Epiphragma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divisum">
<emphasis id="B9199409745BFFABFBD146B2FB16F9C5" box="[1093,1207,1182,1205]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">E. divisum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); marking along M 1, M 1L2, cord, and tip of CuPsinuous, coarse at outline (gently curved, smooth at outline in
<taxonomicName id="4C6D3398745BFFABFBF946F2FB7CF985" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1923" box="[1133,1245,1246,1269]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Epiphragma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divisum">
<emphasis id="B9199409745BFFABFBF946F2FB7CF985" box="[1133,1245,1246,1269]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="455">E. divisum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>