163 lines
18 KiB
XML
163 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="C690839BD5F669BEE4BD9051460B7A69" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.273509" ID-GBIF-Dataset="899ffdc9-d0a8-4d5d-946e-a7cb59be3020" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="273509" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459773709848" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mustelin, Tomas" docDate="2006" docId="03A287F8FFE90847450EFADD6318FDBD" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01278p047.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1278" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Heteranassa fraterna Smith 1899" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FF9BFF80FFEF08404406FF936776FFCB" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of southern California Erebidae and Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) with descriptions of twenty one new species" masterLastPageNumber="47" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1698217546454" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="FD1F902B07FDECA1EF07CAB5E57CF6EC">Taxonomy of southern California Erebidae and Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) with descriptions of twenty one new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D6427A8E8C2851ECE208183A8E01489F">Mustelin, Tomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="50A3BAB3E1812171589AA72EA983A7F9">2006</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03A287F8FFE90847450EFADD6318FDBD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6261514" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119347598" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6261514" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A287F8FFE90847450EFADD6318FDBD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A287F8FFE90847450EFADD6318FDBD" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection id="C3116565FFE90846450EFADD65CFFAA3" box="[264,697,1358,1384]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB436EEFFE90846450EFADD65CFFAA3" blockId="6.[264,697,1358,1384]" box="[264,697,1358,1384]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<heading id="D0FC8182FFE90846450EFADD65CFFAA3" bold="true" box="[264,697,1358,1384]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D6DFFE90846450EFADD65CFFAA3" authority="Smith, 1899" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1899" box="[264,697,1358,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Heteranassa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraterna">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAFCFFE90846450EFADD65CFFAA3" bold="true" box="[264,697,1358,1384]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAFCFFE90846450EFADD657CFAA3" bold="true" box="[264,522,1358,1384]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Heteranassa fraterna</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B1FFFE90846461CFADD65C7FAA3" author="Smith" box="[538,689,1358,1384]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" refString="Smith, J. B. (1899) Some new species of Hadena. Canadian Entomologist, 31, 257 - 265." type="journal article" year="1899">Smith, 1899</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3116565FFE90847450EFA096318FDBD" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB436EEFFE90846450EFA096440FA7B" blockId="6.[264,822,1433,1457]" box="[264,822,1433,1457]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D6DFFE90846450EFA096516FA7B" authority="Smith, 1899" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1899" box="[264,608,1433,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Heteranassa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAFCFFE90846450EFA0966A3FA7A" box="[264,469,1434,1457]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Heteranassa minor</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B1FFFE9084645DAFA0A6516FA7B" author="Smith" box="[476,608,1433,1456]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" refString="Smith, J. B. (1899) Some new species of Hadena. Canadian Entomologist, 31, 257 - 265." type="journal article" year="1899">Smith, 1899</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24C5787FFE90846466DFA0A6440FA7B" box="[619,822,1433,1456]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">NEW SYNONYM</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB436EEFFE90846450EFA7265BDF8A8" blockId="6.[264,1323,1505,1891]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B1FFFE90846450EFA7266D2FA30" author="Smith" box="[264,420,1505,1531]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" refString="Smith, J. B. (1899) Some new species of Hadena. Canadian Entomologist, 31, 257 - 265." type="journal article" year="1899">Smith (1899)</bibRefCitation>
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described both
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D6DFFE908464664FA72658DFA31" box="[610,763,1505,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Campometra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAFCFFE908464664FA72658DFA31" box="[610,763,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Campometra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D6DFFE90846471BFA7264C7FA31" ID-CoL="93NQT" box="[797,945,1505,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Heteranassa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAFCFFE90846471BFA7264C7FA31" box="[797,945,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Heteranassa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D6DFFE9084647C5FA7263F3FA30" authority="Smith" authorityName="Smith" box="[963,1157,1505,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Heteranassa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraterna">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAFCFFE9084647C5FA726355FA31" box="[963,1059,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">fraterna</emphasis>
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(Smith)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D6DFFE9084640B9FA726617F9E8" authority="Smith" authorityName="Smith" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Heteranassa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAFCFFE9084640B9FA72625CFA31" box="[1215,1322,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H. minor</emphasis>
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(Smith)
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</taxonomicName>
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based on material from southern California and Arizona. His descriptions are short and based exclusively on external appearance. Smith chose the name
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D6DFFE90846407DF9A26270F981" box="[1147,1286,1585,1610]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Heteranassa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraterna">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAFCFFE90846407DF9A26270F981" box="[1147,1286,1585,1610]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H. fraterna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to indicate the similarity to
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D6DFFE908464631F9CA642AF9B8" authority="Harvey, 1876" authorityName="Harvey" authorityYear="1876" box="[567,860,1625,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Heteranassa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mima">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAFCFFE908464631F9CA65E9F9B9" box="[567,671,1625,1650]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H. mima</emphasis>
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(Harvey, 1876)
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</taxonomicName>
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and the name
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D6DFFE908464017F9CA6308F9B9" box="[1041,1150,1625,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Heteranassa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAFCFFE908464017F9CA6308F9B9" box="[1041,1150,1625,1650]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H. minor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to indicate its smaller size. The
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<typeStatus id="54B0884CFFE9084645ECF912655EF950" box="[490,552,1665,1691]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">types</typeStatus>
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are deposited in the USNM, and one specimen of each was designated as the
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<typeStatus id="54B0884CFFE9084645EEF93A6522F908" box="[488,596,1705,1731]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B1FFFE90846468DF93A6450F908" author="Todd" box="[651,806,1705,1731]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" refString="Todd, E. L. (1982) The Noctuid type material of John B. Smith (Lepidoptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin, 1645, 1 - 228." type="journal article" year="1982">Todd (1982)</bibRefCitation>
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. Both
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<typeStatus id="54B0884CFFE90846477BF93A6482F908" box="[893,1012,1705,1731]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="lectotype">lectotypes</typeStatus>
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are female and are very similar in maculation and size. Based on the absence of any differences in genital morphology between the two
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<typeStatus id="54B0884CFFE90846466AF96A6595F8D8" box="[620,739,1785,1811]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="lectotype">lectotypes</typeStatus>
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and several cotypes, I propose that
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D6DFFE90846409DF96A6270F8D9" box="[1179,1286,1785,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Heteranassa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAFCFFE90846409DF96A6270F8D9" box="[1179,1286,1785,1810]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H. minor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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be synonymized with
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D6DFFE9084645E0F8B2651FF8F1" box="[486,617,1825,1850]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Heteranassa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraterna">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAFCFFE9084645E0F8B2651FF8F1" box="[486,617,1825,1850]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H. fraterna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Both were described in the same paper;
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D6DFFE908464041F8B263BCF8F1" box="[1095,1226,1825,1850]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Heteranassa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraterna">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAFCFFE908464041F8B263BCF8F1" box="[1095,1226,1825,1850]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H. fraterna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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appears first, and I select it as the senior name.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB436EEFFE80847453EFE8F6318FDBD" blockId="7.[264,1323,284,630]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D6DFFE80847453EFE8F654DFEFE" box="[312,571,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Heteranassa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraterna">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAFCFFE80847453EFE8F654DFEFE" box="[312,571,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Heteranassa fraterna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a relatively common species in the deserts of southern California. There is a great deal of variation in size, ground color, the amount of dark dusting on the forewing, and the presence of pale or white scales in the reniform spot. The
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<typeStatus id="54B0884CFFE80847450EFE07664CFE65" box="[264,314,404,430]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D6DFFE808474561FE0766A2FE66" box="[359,468,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Heteranassa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAFCFFE808474561FE0766A2FE66" box="[359,468,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. minor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is within the variation of the species. Females tend to be more or less uniformly blackish, as are the
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<typeStatus id="54B0884CFFE80847467EFE2F6599FE1D" box="[632,751,444,470]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="lectotype">lectotypes</typeStatus>
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of both
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D6DFFE80847475CFE2F6496FE1E" box="[858,992,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Heteranassa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraterna">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAFCFFE80847475CFE2F6496FE1E" box="[858,992,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. fraterna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D6DFFE808474018FE2F63FCFE1E" box="[1054,1162,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Heteranassa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAFCFFE808474018FE2F63FCFE1E" box="[1054,1162,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. minor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, while males have more contrasting markings. In his description of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D6DFFE8084747DDFE77625CFE35" authority="Smith (1899)" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1899" box="[987,1322,484,510]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Heteranassa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraterna">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAFCFFE8084747DDFE77631CFE36" box="[987,1130,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. fraterna</emphasis>
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||
,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B1FFFE808474082FE77625CFE35" author="Smith" box="[1156,1322,484,510]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" refString="Smith, J. B. (1899) Some new species of Hadena. Canadian Entomologist, 31, 257 - 265." type="journal article" year="1899">Smith (1899)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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emphasized the narrow separation of the two black lines from the antemedial transverse line, which is much broader in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D6DFFE808474696FDA7658FFD86" box="[656,761,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Heteranassa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEAFCFFE808474696FDA7658FFD86" box="[656,761,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. mima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
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. I have not examined the
|
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<typeStatus id="54B0884CFFE808474043FDA763F5FD85" box="[1093,1155,564,590]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D6DFFE8084740B5FDA76382FD86" box="[1203,1268,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Heteranassa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mima">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAFCFFE8084740B5FDA76382FD86" box="[1203,1268,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">mima</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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and therefore cannot determine whether
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D6DFFE8084746B7FDCF6584FDBE" box="[689,754,604,629]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Heteranassa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mima">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAFCFFE8084746B7FDCF6584FDBE" box="[689,754,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">mima</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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is indeed distinct from
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D6DFFE808474001FDCF6311FDBE" box="[1031,1127,604,629]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Heteranassa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraterna">
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<emphasis id="B97FEAFCFFE808474001FDCF6311FDBE" box="[1031,1127,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">fraterna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |