treatments-xml/data/03/A2/87/03A287AE923AD27A8CCBF9EFFAA9FCDD.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3664865" ID-GBIF-Dataset="246b9a5c-234a-48d9-b846-9060047bcb04" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162053918" ID-ISSN="1982-0224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3664865" approvalRequired="16" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="16" checkinTime="1581012313731" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Lucena, Zilda Margarete Seixas de &amp; Lucena, Carlos Alberto Santos de" docDate="2019" docId="03A287AE923AD27A8CCBF9EFFAA9FCDD" docLanguage="en" docName="NeotropIchthyol.17.1.e180134.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Neotropical Ichthyology 17 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5.4:NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5" docStyleName="NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Phenacogaster julliae Lucena &amp; Lucena 2019, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="FF9BFFD6923AD2798F7FFF82FFB9FFD5" masterDocTitle="A new glass tetra species of Phenacogaster from the rio Salitre, rio São Francisco drainage, Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae)" masterLastPageNumber="6" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1636528456721" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A new glass tetra species of Phenacogaster from the rio Salitre, rio São Francisco drainage, Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lucena, Zilda Margarete Seixas de</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lucena, Carlos Alberto Santos de</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Neotropical Ichthyology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2019-04-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>17</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>6</mods:end>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1590/1982-0224-20180134</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">246b9a5c-234a-48d9-b846-9060047bcb04</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1982-0224</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3649700</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F43F15F4-EB88-442F-BCA2-4832307A94E9</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3664865" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162053918" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3664865" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A287AE923AD27A8CCBF9EFFAA9FCDD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A287AE923AD27A8CCBF9EFFAA9FCDD" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection box="[948,1332,1645,1670]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="0.[948,1332,1645,1670]" box="[948,1332,1645,1670]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<heading bold="true" box="[948,1332,1645,1670]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" reason="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[948,1332,1645,1670]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authority="Lucena &amp; Lucena, 2019" authorityName="Lucena &amp; Lucena" authorityYear="2019" box="[948,1187,1645,1669]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Phenacogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julliae" status="new species">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[948,1187,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenacogaster julliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1200,1332,1645,1670]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="0.[820,1459,1711,1765]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
u r n:l s i d:z o o b a n k. o r g: a c t: 
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7 0 7 F8 -4 0C 8- 4 2 5 8 -8 6 0 8- F276 
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CB 
<date box="[900,973,1743,1765]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" value="54-01-23">230154</date>
</accessionNumber>
</uuid>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[1050,1229,1806,1831]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="0.[1050,1229,1806,1831]" box="[1050,1229,1806,1831]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1050,1229,1806,1831]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation box="[1050,1146,1806,1830]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="1.[129,168,1358,1382]" captionStartId-1="1.[129,168,1926,1950]" captionStartId-2="2.[820,859,1041,1065]" captionTargetBox-0="[128,1451,818,1342]" captionTargetBox-1="[168,1395,1435,1883]" captionTargetBox-2="[838,1441,178,1020]" captionTargetId-0="figure@1.[128,1451,818,1342]" captionTargetId-1="figure@1.[128,1451,1412,1911]" captionTargetId-2="figure@2.[820,1459,174,1025]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="1" captionTargetPageId-2="2" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Phenacogaster julliae, MZUSP 123642, holotype, unsexed, 27.4 mm SL, rio Salitre, Bahia state, Brazil." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Phenacogaster julliae, MZUSP 51375, paratype, male, 26.3 mm SL, rio Salitre, Bahia state, Brazil." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Phenacogaster julliae, MCP 53629, 24.7 mm SL, paratype: maxilla (top right), premaxilla (top left), and lower jaw (bottom). Lateral view, left side." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3649704" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3649708" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3649710" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3649704/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3649708/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3649710/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs. 1-3</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation box="[1159,1229,1806,1831]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="2.[136,181,1361,1385]" captionTargetBox="[144,760,1468,1949]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Tab. 1. Morphometric data of holotype and paratypes of Phenacogaster julliae (n = number of specimens, holotype included). SD = standard deviation." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7466309238D27B8FF7FAD3FDBDFA7C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="DF7466309238D27B8FF7FAD3FDBDFA7C">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<footnote pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<paragraph blockId="0.[136,1459,1893,1973]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
PUCRS, Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do 
<collectingRegion box="[916,1103,1893,1915]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, P.O. Box 1491, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, 
<collectingCountry box="[412,472,1922,1944]" name="Brazil" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. (ZMSL) lucenamargarete@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4973-8340 (corresponding author); (CASL) lucena@pucrs.br, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0546-5053
</paragraph>
</footnote>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="1.[129,768,176,328]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2564195003" collectingDate="1997-01-04" collectionCode="T" collectorName="de Doce &amp; Fialho CB &amp; Lima &amp; P. Gerhard." country="Brazil" county="Campo Formoso" latitude="-10.016666" location="Lage" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-40.7" municipality="rio Salitre" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" specimenCode="MZUSP 123642" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,239,177,201]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<typeStatus box="[129,235,177,201]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCode box="[248,427,176,200]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">MZUSP 123642</specimenCode>
, 
<quantity box="[440,536,176,200]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7399999999999998" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="27.4">27.4 mm</quantity>
SL, unsexed; 
<collectingCountry box="[695,763,176,200]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[129,194,208,232]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Bahia</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty box="[204,386,208,232]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Campo Formoso</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality box="[396,504,208,232]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">rio Salitre</collectingMunicipality>
, on the road to 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A287AE923AD27A8CCBF9EFFAA9FCDD:8ED46063923BD2788DE2FF53FD6CFF3C" box="[669,725,209,233]" country="Brazil" county="Campo Formoso" latitude="-10.016666" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-40.7" municipality="rio Salitre" name="Lage" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" stateProvince="Bahia">Lage</location>
, 
<emphasis box="[735,768,209,232]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">ca.</emphasis>
<quantity box="[129,196,240,264]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
east of 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A287AE923AD27A8CCBF9EFFAA9FCDD:8ED46063923BD2788E65FF73FEEBFEDC" box="[282,338,241,265]" country="Brazil" county="Campo Formoso" latitude="-10.016666" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-40.7" municipality="rio Salitre" name="Lage" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" stateProvince="Bahia">Lage</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A287AE923AD27A8CCBF9EFFAA9FCDD:8ED46063923BD2788E22FF73FE46FEDD" box="[349,511,240,264]" country="Brazil" county="Campo Formoso" latitude="-10.016666" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-40.7" municipality="rio Salitre" name="Pocos de Doce" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" stateProvince="Bahia">
Poços 
<collectorName box="[420,511,240,264]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">de Doce</collectorName>
</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A287AE923AD27A8CCBF9EFFAA9FCDD:8ED46063923BD2788D75FF72FD7FFEDD" box="[522,710,240,264]" country="Brazil" county="Campo Formoso" latitude="-10.016666" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-40.7" municipality="rio Salitre" name="rio Sao Francisco" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" stateProvince="Bahia">rio São Francisco</location>
drai- nage, approx. 
<geoCoordinate box="[283,370,272,296]" degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" precision="925" value="-10.016666">10°01’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[378,477,272,296]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" precision="925" value="-40.7">40°42’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[489,610,272,296]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="1997-01-04">
<collectingDate box="[489,610,272,296]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="1997-01-04">4 Jan 1997</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName box="[622,674,272,296]" name="Fialho CB" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">F. C.</collectorName>
<collectionCode box="[682,700,273,296]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">T</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName box="[711,767,272,296]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Lima</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[156,275,304,328]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">P. Gerhard.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="1.[129,768,369,457]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2564195001" collectionCode="MCP, MZUSP" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" specimenCode="5" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,250,369,393]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<typeStatus box="[129,245,369,393]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<accessionNumber box="[260,394,369,393]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/MCP53629" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<collectionCode box="[260,315,369,393]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">MCP</collectionCode>
53629
</accessionNumber>
, 
<specimenCode box="[409,422,369,393]" collectionCode="MCP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">5</specimenCode>
(2 c&amp;s), 
<quantity box="[534,687,369,393]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.285" metricValueMax="2.75" metricValueMin="1.8199999999999998" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="22.85" valueMax="27.5" valueMin="18.2">18.2-27.5 mm</quantity>
SL (2, 25.5 and 
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SL),
</materialsCitation>
and 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2564195002" collectingDate="1997-01-04" collectionCode="MCP, MZUSP" collectorName="de Doce &amp; Fialho CB &amp; Lima &amp; P. Gerhard." country="Brazil" county="Campo Formoso" latitude="-10.016666" location="Lage" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-40.7" municipality="rio Salitre" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" specimenCode="5" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode box="[443,531,401,425]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">MZUSP</collectionCode>
51375, 
<specimenCode box="[622,651,401,425]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">63</specimenCode>
, 13.0- 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="29.5">29.5 mm</quantity>
SL (8, 
<quantity box="[249,399,433,457]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.71" metricValueMax="2.95" metricValueMin="2.4699999999999998" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="27.1" valueMax="29.5" valueMin="24.7">24.7-29.5 mm</quantity>
SL), same data as holotype
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="1.[129,768,497,777]" lastBlockId="1.[813,1452,176,776]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,244,497,521]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The presence of a conspicuously deep caudal peduncle spot, which reaches the upper and lower margins of the caudal peduncle, with a short extension onto the middle caudal fin rays and another weaker extension over the lower lobe of the caudal fin (
<figureCitation box="[385,484,625,649]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="1.[129,168,1358,1382]" captionStartId-1="1.[129,168,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox-0="[128,1451,818,1342]" captionTargetBox-1="[168,1395,1435,1883]" captionTargetId-0="figure@1.[128,1451,818,1342]" captionTargetId-1="figure@1.[128,1451,1412,1911]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="1" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Phenacogaster julliae, MZUSP 123642, holotype, unsexed, 27.4 mm SL, rio Salitre, Bahia state, Brazil." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Phenacogaster julliae, MZUSP 51375, paratype, male, 26.3 mm SL, rio Salitre, Bahia state, Brazil." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3649704" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3649708" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3649704/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3649708/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs. 1-2</figureCitation>
) helps clearly distinguish 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lucena &amp; Lucena" authorityYear="2019" box="[129,361,657,681]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Phenacogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julliae">
<emphasis box="[129,361,657,681]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Phenacogaster julliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from all its congeners, which lack the caudal peduncle spot or the extension over the lower lobe of caudal fin. Two species of the genus inhabit areas near the distribution of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lucena &amp; Lucena" authorityYear="2019" box="[329,563,753,777]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Phenacogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julliae">
<emphasis box="[329,563,753,777]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Phenacogaster julliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1911" box="[579,761,753,777]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Phenacogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="franciscoensis">
<emphasis box="[579,595,754,777]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[610,761,753,777]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">franciscoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sympatric in the rio São Francisco basin, and 
<taxonomicName authority="Fowler" authorityName="Fowler" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Phenacogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calverti">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Phenacogaster calverti</emphasis>
Fowler
</taxonomicName>
of the coastal rivers of northeastern 
<collectingCountry box="[1380,1447,208,232]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, immediately to the north of the rio São Francisco. In addition to the clearly differentiating feature mentioned earlier, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lucena &amp; Lucena" authorityYear="2019" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Phenacogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julliae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">P. julliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1911" box="[1015,1191,305,329]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Phenacogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="franciscoensis">
<emphasis box="[1015,1191,305,329]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">P. franciscoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a humeral spot in contact with, or slightly anterior to, the posterior margin of the pseudotympanum, corresponding to the posterior limit of the second rib, or immediately anterior to it (= to the first rib in 
<bibRefCitation author="Lucena ZMS &amp; Malabarba LR" box="[841,1115,432,456]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="263 - 304" refId="ref4570" refString="Lucena ZMS, Malabarba LR. Descricao de nove especies novas de Phenacogaster (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae) e comentarios sobre as demais especies do genero. Zoologia. 2010; 27 (2): 263 - 304." type="journal article" year="2010">Lucena, Malabarba, 2010</bibRefCitation>
) (
<emphasis box="[1139,1161,433,456]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">vs</emphasis>
. humeral spot distant from posterior margin of pseudotympanum by at least one scale, situated from the third rib, or immediately in front of the third rib); 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lucena &amp; Lucena" authorityYear="2019" box="[865,958,528,552]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Phenacogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julliae">
<emphasis box="[865,958,528,552]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">P. julliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName box="[1099,1205,528,552]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Phenacogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calverti">
<emphasis box="[1099,1205,528,552]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">P. calverti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a small third infraorbital, distant from the horizontal and vertical margins the preoperculum (
<emphasis box="[1018,1040,593,616]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">vs</emphasis>
. a large third infraorbital, with posterior margin reaching the vertical margin of preoperculum and lower margin separated from the horizontal margin of preoperculum by a small space); two or three teeth in the medial region of the external premaxillary row (
<emphasis box="[1242,1264,721,744]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">vs</emphasis>
. one, rarely two); and the gently curved snout (
<emphasis box="[1119,1141,753,776]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">vs</emphasis>
. usually abrupt snout).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3649704" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3649704" box="[129,1318,1358,1382]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3649704/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" startId="1.[129,168,1358,1382]" targetBox="[128,1451,818,1342]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph blockId="1.[129,1318,1358,1382]" box="[129,1318,1358,1382]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,199,1358,1382]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lucena &amp; Lucena" authorityYear="2019" box="[206,440,1358,1382]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Phenacogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julliae">
<emphasis box="[206,440,1358,1382]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Phenacogaster julliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, MZUSP 123642, holotype, unsexed, 27.4 mm SL, rio Salitre, Bahia state, Brazil.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3649708" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3649708" box="[129,1267,1926,1951]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3649708/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" startId="1.[129,168,1926,1950]" targetBox="[168,1395,1435,1883]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph blockId="1.[129,1267,1926,1951]" box="[129,1267,1926,1951]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,199,1926,1951]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lucena &amp; Lucena" authorityYear="2019" box="[206,440,1927,1951]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Phenacogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julliae">
<emphasis box="[206,440,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Phenacogaster julliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, MZUSP 51375, paratype, male, 26.3 mm SL, rio Salitre, Bahia state, Brazil.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,776,176,1320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,275,176,200]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description.</emphasis>
Morphometric data presented in 
<tableCitation box="[635,703,176,200]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="2.[136,181,1361,1385]" captionTargetBox="[144,760,1468,1949]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Tab. 1. Morphometric data of holotype and paratypes of Phenacogaster julliae (n = number of specimens, holotype included). SD = standard deviation." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7466309238D27B8FF7FAD3FDBDFA7C" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" tableUuid="DF7466309238D27B8FF7FAD3FDBDFA7C">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
. Body compressed. Dorsal profile of head convex from anterior tip of upper jaw to vertical through anterior border of orbit; straight to end of supraoccipital, or slightly convex in interorbital region, and convex to origin of dorsal fin. Dorsal profile between dorsal fin origin and origin of dorsal pro- current caudal-fin rays straight or slightly concave in pedun- cle. Ventral profile slightly convex from tip of mandible to anal-fin origin, or straight between pelvic-fin insertion and anal-fin origin. Body profile along anal-fin base straight or slightly convex. Ventral profile of caudal peduncle straight to slightly concave. Preventral area flattened.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,776,176,1320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mouth slightly subterminal; posterior tip of maxilla reaches midway or immediately posterior to midway along infraorbital 2. Third infraorbital small, ventral and posterior margins of third infraorbital separated from preopercle by a broad space, and ventral margin separated by a larger space. Pseudotympanum extends from region immediately ahead of first rib to posterior border of second rib.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,776,176,1320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Two rows of teeth in premaxilla. External row with 6(2), 7(2), or 8*(5) total teeth, complete or divided in medial sections by gap; medial section with 2(5) or 3(1) tricuspid teeth; lateral section with 4(3), 5(1), or 6(2) typically conical teeth. Three specimens with external row complete with 8* teeth, and one cleared and stained with 9 teeth (two first teeth wide and tricuspid, followed by seven narrow and conical teeth). Internal row with 8*(2), 9(3), 10(1), 11(1), or 12(1) teeth, first five teeth wide and tricuspid, followed by four narrow, tricuspid, conical teeth (in one cleared and stained specimen). Some specimens have one conical tooth lodged between internal and external rows on posterior portion of premaxilla. Maxilla with 26(1), 27(3), 30(1), 31(1), 32(1), or 35(1) conical teeth distributed along almost its entire length. Dentary with 16 or 18 teeth, in single row, with 6 tricuspid teeth followed by 1 bicuspid and 11 conical teeth, or by 10 conical teeth (
<figureCitation box="[286,351,1296,1320]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[820,859,1041,1065]" captionTargetBox="[838,1441,178,1020]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[820,1459,174,1025]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 3. Phenacogaster julliae, MCP 53629, 24.7 mm SL, paratype: maxilla (top right), premaxilla (top left), and lower jaw (bottom). Lateral view, left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3649710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3649710/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3649710" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3649710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3649710/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[820,859,1041,1065]" targetBox="[838,1441,178,1020]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph blockId="2.[820,1459,1041,1129]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[820,894,1041,1065]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lucena &amp; Lucena" authorityYear="2019" box="[905,1144,1041,1065]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Phenacogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julliae">
<emphasis box="[905,1144,1041,1065]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Phenacogaster julliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, MCP 53629, 24.7 mm SL, paratype: maxilla (top right), premaxilla (top left), and lower jaw (bottom). Lateral view, left side.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="2.[820,1460,1170,1962]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Dorsal-fin rays ii,7*(3), 8(3), or 9(9). Anal-fin rays iii*, (9) or iv(1), 25(1), 26*(6), 27(5), 28(2), 29(6), its origin at vertical drawn between base of third or fourth branched ray of dorsal fin. Pectoral fin with i, 10*(6), 11(6), or 12(2) rays. Posterior tip of longest ray reaches approximately middle of pelvic-fin length in females and surpasses middle of pelvic- -fin length in males. Pectoral-fin rays fully developed in spe- cimens from SL of 16.0 mm; and not developed or partially developed in smaller specimens. Posteroventral portion of cleithrum with gentle notch. Pelvic-fin rays i,7* (one speci- men with i,6), tip of fin reaching last unbranched anal-fin ray or first or second branched anal-fin ray.</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="DF7466309238D27B8FF7FAD3FDBDFA7C" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7466309238D27B8FF7FAD3FDBDFA7C" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" targetBox="[144,760,1468,1949]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,775,1361,1449]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,218,1361,1385]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Tab. 1.</emphasis>
Morphometric data of holotype and paratypes of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lucena &amp; Lucena" authorityYear="2019" box="[136,372,1393,1417]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Phenacogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julliae">
<emphasis box="[136,372,1393,1417]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Phenacogaster julliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(n = number of specimens, holotype included). SD = standard deviation.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<table box="[144,760,1468,1949]" gridcols="7" gridrows="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<tr box="[144,760,1468,1488]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
<th box="[380,459,1468,1488]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Holotype</th>
<th box="[482,503,1468,1488]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">n</th>
<th box="[530,632,1468,1488]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Range</th>
<th box="[653,702,1468,1488]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mean</th>
<th box="[723,760,1468,1488]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">SD</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[144,760,1504,1523]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<th box="[144,360,1504,1523]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Standard length (mm)</th>
<td box="[380,459,1504,1523]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">27.4</td>
<td box="[482,503,1504,1523]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10</td>
<td box="[530,567,1504,1523]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">24.7</td>
<td box="[594,632,1504,1523]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">29.5</td>
<td box="[653,702,1504,1523]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">27.2</td>
<td box="[723,760,1504,1523]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">-</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[144,760,1539,1559]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<th box="[144,760,1539,1559]" colspan="7" colspanRight="6" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Percents of standard length</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[144,760,1575,1595]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<th box="[144,360,1575,1595]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Depth at dorsal-fin origin</th>
<td box="[380,459,1575,1595]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">33.9</td>
<td box="[482,503,1575,1595]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10</td>
<td box="[530,567,1575,1595]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">30.9</td>
<td box="[594,632,1575,1595]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">35.9</td>
<td box="[653,702,1575,1595]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">33.5</td>
<td box="[723,760,1575,1595]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1.50</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[144,760,1610,1630]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<th box="[144,360,1610,1630]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Predorsal distance</th>
<td box="[380,459,1610,1630]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">54.0</td>
<td box="[482,503,1610,1630]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10</td>
<td box="[530,567,1610,1630]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">49.2</td>
<td box="[594,632,1610,1630]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">54.0</td>
<td box="[653,702,1610,1630]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">51.4</td>
<td box="[723,760,1610,1630]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1.58</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[144,760,1646,1665]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<th box="[144,360,1646,1665]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Prepelvic distance</th>
<td box="[380,459,1646,1665]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">40.9</td>
<td box="[482,503,1646,1665]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">9</td>
<td box="[530,567,1646,1665]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">36.6</td>
<td box="[594,632,1646,1665]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">40.9</td>
<td box="[653,702,1646,1665]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">38.8</td>
<td box="[723,760,1646,1665]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1.29</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[144,760,1681,1701]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<th box="[144,360,1681,1701]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Preanal distance</th>
<td box="[380,459,1681,1701]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">55.5</td>
<td box="[482,503,1681,1701]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10</td>
<td box="[530,567,1681,1701]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">51.7</td>
<td box="[594,632,1681,1701]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">58.6</td>
<td box="[653,702,1681,1701]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">53.9</td>
<td box="[723,760,1681,1701]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1.96</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[144,760,1717,1736]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<th box="[144,360,1717,1736]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Caudal-peduncle length</th>
<td box="[380,459,1717,1736]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">7.3</td>
<td box="[482,503,1717,1736]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10</td>
<td box="[530,567,1717,1736]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">7.3</td>
<td box="[594,632,1717,1736]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10.3</td>
<td box="[653,702,1717,1736]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">8.8</td>
<td box="[723,760,1717,1736]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.90</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[144,760,1752,1772]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<th box="[144,360,1752,1772]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Caudal-peduncle depth</th>
<td box="[380,459,1752,1772]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10.9</td>
<td box="[482,503,1752,1772]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10</td>
<td box="[530,567,1752,1772]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">8.6</td>
<td box="[594,632,1752,1772]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10.9</td>
<td box="[653,702,1752,1772]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">9.9</td>
<td box="[723,760,1752,1772]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.76</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[144,760,1788,1807]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<th box="[144,360,1788,1807]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Head length</th>
<td box="[380,459,1788,1807]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">28.8</td>
<td box="[482,503,1788,1807]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10</td>
<td box="[530,567,1788,1807]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">25.3</td>
<td box="[594,632,1788,1807]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">28.8</td>
<td box="[653,702,1788,1807]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">27.0</td>
<td box="[723,760,1788,1807]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1.02</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[144,760,1824,1843]" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<th box="[144,760,1824,1843]" colspan="7" colspanRight="6" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Percents of head length</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[144,760,1859,1879]" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<th box="[144,360,1859,1879]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Snout length</th>
<td box="[380,459,1859,1879]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">24.0</td>
<td box="[482,503,1859,1879]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10</td>
<td box="[530,567,1859,1879]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">22.1</td>
<td box="[594,632,1859,1879]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">28.4</td>
<td box="[653,702,1859,1879]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">24.5</td>
<td box="[723,760,1859,1879]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1.96</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[144,760,1895,1914]" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<th box="[144,360,1895,1914]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Orbital diameter</th>
<td box="[380,459,1895,1914]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">41.7</td>
<td box="[482,503,1895,1914]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10</td>
<td box="[530,567,1895,1914]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">39.7</td>
<td box="[594,632,1895,1914]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">47.1</td>
<td box="[653,702,1895,1914]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">43.1</td>
<td box="[723,760,1895,1914]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">2.37</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[144,760,1930,1949]" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<th box="[144,360,1930,1949]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Interorbital width</th>
<td box="[380,459,1930,1949]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">26.7</td>
<td box="[482,503,1930,1949]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10</td>
<td box="[530,567,1930,1949]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">24.1</td>
<td box="[594,632,1930,1949]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">30.7</td>
<td box="[653,702,1930,1949]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">27.1</td>
<td box="[723,760,1930,1949]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">2.02</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[820,1460,1170,1962]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Longitudinal scales 34(3), 35(3), 36*(8), or 37(1) usually interrupted with 9 to 17 perforated scales followed by non-perforated and perforated scales, last 3 or 4 scales are non-perforated; two specimens with complete lateral line (34 and 36 perforated scales) and one with incomplete lateral line (32 perforated scales followed by 3 non-perforated scales). Scale rows between dorsal fin and lateral line 6 (one specimen with 7). Scale rows between lateral line and anal- -fin origin 4*(20) or 5(3).</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[820,1460,1170,1962]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Gill rakers on upper limb of first gill arch 3(4), 4(12), or 5*(6); gill rakers on lower limb 7(1), 8(14) or 9*(7).</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[820,1460,1170,1962]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Total vertebrae 33(2): precaudal 14(1) or 15(1), caudal 18(1) or 19(1). Supraneurals 4(2).</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[129,768,176,1128]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,312,176,201]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Color in alcohol.</emphasis>
General coloration of the body is yellowish. Laterodorsal region with brown chromatophores on the edge of scales near back and more scattered below. Lateroventral region, between origins of pectoral fins until region in the front of anal fin, is less pigmented. Chromatophores are spread and/or arranged in the form of “&gt;” throughout the region between lateral line and anal fin, demarcating myo- septa. Dorsal region of head and back of the body pigmen- ted; pigments are principally present on the border of scales in the anterior region of smaller individuals (around 
<quantity box="[692,767,464,488]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
SL). Humeral spot large, conspicuous, ovate, with a pale area around it, positioned above 5th or 6th to 9th scale of lateral line, extending from the end of pseudotympanum, or immediately before, to right after 6th or 7th rib. 
<collectingRegion box="[665,736,592,616]" country="France" name="Centre" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Center</collectingRegion>
of humeral spot slightly below or at horizontal line through the dorsal border of pseudotympanum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[129,768,176,1128]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Dark midlateral line on the body from immediately af- ter humeral spot until the origin of caudal peduncle spot. Band of chromatophores are present throughout and above midlateral line, and below is a pale hypopigmented band. Conspicuous, deep caudal peduncle spot reaches upper and lower margins of the caudal peduncle, extending on middle caudal-fin rays and more weakly on the lower lobe of caudal fin (
<figureCitation box="[170,266,912,936]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="1.[129,168,1358,1382]" captionStartId-1="1.[129,168,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox-0="[128,1451,818,1342]" captionTargetBox-1="[168,1395,1435,1883]" captionTargetId-0="figure@1.[128,1451,818,1342]" captionTargetId-1="figure@1.[128,1451,1412,1911]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="1" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Phenacogaster julliae, MZUSP 123642, holotype, unsexed, 27.4 mm SL, rio Salitre, Bahia state, Brazil." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Phenacogaster julliae, MZUSP 51375, paratype, male, 26.3 mm SL, rio Salitre, Bahia state, Brazil." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3649704" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3649708" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3649704/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3649708/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 1-2</figureCitation>
). Anal fin with scarcer pigments, less intense in the medial region of the fin starting from 6th or 7th branched ray, leaving a pale area between the margin and the base; 
<typeStatus box="[129,222,1008,1032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">holotype</typeStatus>
relatively more pigmented in this area. Pectoral fin with pigments along ray margins. Pelvic fin with pigments along the rays, extremely pale, last ray pale or has signifi- cantly little pigment. Adipose fin is pale.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[129,768,1169,1417]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,358,1169,1193]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Sexual dimorphism.</emphasis>
Eight specimens of 
<quantity box="[578,729,1169,1193]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.37" metricValueMax="2.63" metricValueMin="2.11" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="23.7" valueMax="26.3" valueMin="21.1">21.1-26.3 mm</quantity>
SL exhibit retrorse bony hooks on anal- and pelvic-fin rays. Hooks on last unbranched to 7th or 11th branched anal-fin rays. One, rarely two, hooks per segment of lepidotrichia. First unbranched ray to last or penultimate branched ray of pelvic fin bearing retrorse bony hooks located along medial border of second branch and on the principal branch. One hook per segment of lepidotrichia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3649714" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3649714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3649714/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[813,852,1264,1288]" targetBox="[815,1447,808,1241]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph blockId="3.[813,1451,1264,1321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,886,1264,1288]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
Known distribution of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lucena &amp; Lucena" authorityYear="2019" box="[1153,1391,1264,1288]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Phenacogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julliae">
<emphasis box="[1153,1391,1264,1288]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Phenacogaster julliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Red dot represents the type locality.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="3.[129,768,1457,1513]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,433,1457,1481]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from the 
<typeStatus box="[684,730,1458,1482]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
locality (
<figureCitation box="[202,268,1489,1513]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[813,852,1264,1288]" captionTargetBox="[815,1447,808,1241]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[813,1452,806,1248]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 4. Known distribution of Phenacogaster julliae. Red dot represents the type locality." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3649714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3649714/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="3.[129,767,1554,1642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,257,1554,1578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name is 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lucena &amp; Lucena" authorityYear="2019" box="[479,547,1554,1578]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Phenacogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julliae">
<emphasis box="[479,547,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">julliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, named in honour of our granddaughter Jullia, who was born during the description of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="3.[129,768,1682,1962]" lastBlockId="3.[813,1452,176,776]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,367,1682,1707]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Conservation status.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lucena &amp; Lucena" authorityYear="2019" box="[380,620,1682,1706]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Phenacogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julliae">
<emphasis box="[380,620,1682,1706]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Phenacogaster julliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is described based on 
<specimenCount box="[233,379,1714,1738]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="generic">69 specimens</specimenCount>
collected in 
<date box="[522,666,1714,1739]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1997-01">January 1997</date>
from the middle rio Salitre basin, about 
<quantity box="[454,521,1746,1770]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
from Lage, 
<collectingRegion box="[652,717,1746,1770]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Bahia</collectingRegion>
. The rio Salitre basin is considered intermittent and is located in the lower middle rio São Francisco in an area with low rainfall index, irregular rains, and water deficit because of elevated evaporation rates (
<bibRefCitation author="Oliveira CN &amp; Campos VP &amp; Medeiros YDP" box="[416,632,1874,1898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1059 - 66" refId="ref4881" refString="Oliveira CN, Campos VP, Medeiros YDP. Avaliacao e identificacao de parametros importantes para a qualidade de corpos d'agua no semiarido baiano. Estudo de Caso: bacia hidrografica do rio Salitre. Quim Nova [serial on the Internet]. 2010; 33 (5): 1059 - 66. Available from: http: // www. repositorio. ufba. br / ri / handle / ri / 3785" type="journal article" year="2010">
Oliveira 
<emphasis box="[510,555,1874,1898]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al</emphasis>
., 2010
</bibRefCitation>
). In an email from Flávio Lima in 
<date box="[359,467,1906,1930]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2018-07">July 2018</date>
, we were informed that the species was found in a narrow stretch of the river with a noticeable aquatic vegetation, transparent water, and slow flow, alternating between shallow areas with rapid flow and other slower, deeper areas reaching a depth of about 
<specimenCount box="[1364,1411,240,264]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="generic">
<quantity box="[1364,1408,240,264]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
We do not have information on current conditions of the locality; however, the rio Salitre basin, which has a history of conflict over water use, faces various threats: incompatible irrigation methods, development of soil cultivation on the banks of the rivers and lakes of dams, superficial water with a high level of salinity and pollution caused by anthropic activity (untreated sewage, among others) (FEP, 2003). Furthermore, there are transposition projects, specifially the Sertão Baiano or Eixo-Sul Canal [transposition of the rio São Francisco] that runs from the rio São Francisco, starting from the Sobradinho Reservoir to the rio Itapicuru and Jacuípe water basins, influencing some basins along this path, including the Salitre (Nemus, 2015). Considering these threats faced by the rio Salitre basin and the apparent rarity of the species, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lucena &amp; Lucena" authorityYear="2019" box="[813,1047,720,744]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Phenacogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julliae">
<emphasis box="[813,1047,720,744]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Phenacogaster julliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be categorized as Data Deficient according to the IUCN criteria (IUCN, 2017).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>