715 lines
92 KiB
XML
715 lines
92 KiB
XML
<document id="99E1D9925961B307CE5550AC79522504" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5386.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10376586" ID-ZooBank="9A5C0CC4-3D86-45BD-97FC-694A4E31A8B5" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1702550060580" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moravec, Jiří & Dheurle, Charles" docDate="2023" docId="03A28794FFEFFFC5FF6E95FF3BD79BC8" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5386.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5386 (1)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5386.1.1/52481" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.16:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="16" docTitle="Phaeoxantha (Phaeoxantha) nocturna subsp. nocturna" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="FF9BFFECFFE6FFCBFFF995683F629C56" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision of the Neotropical genus Phaeoxantha Chaudoir (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1702660509358" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:title id="33391309D47AF564A572325DA33FBC83">Taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision of the Neotropical genus Phaeoxantha Chaudoir (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C52F50E935987409F86986E1CF199B06">Moravec, Jiří</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A9A8AC8C770237C34629213FABE8A76C">Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Department of Forest Ecology, Zemědělská 3, CZ- 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic. jirmor @ quick. cz; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5294 - 6410</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4FD993D94F0C0585D1229FCFA8FB768F">Dheurle, Charles</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="70EEEF78C8D1854C9846079AE4AE3D6F">Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Department of Forest Ecology, Zemědělská 3, CZ- 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic. jirmor @ quick. cz; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5294 - 6410 & 5 place Jenson, F- 52200 Langres, France. charles. dheurle @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2580 - 6962 Corresponding author & Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Department of Forest Ecology, Zemědělská 3, CZ- 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic. jirmor @ quick. cz; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5294 - 6410</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="225C0C59D6EBE701F3B1EF6D0F21FBB9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E72AB3760C13B7988553B45D5AE733F4">2023</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C3116509FFEFFFC2FF6E95FF3CFF9CE7" box="[151,925,151,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB43682FFEFFFC2FF6E95FF3CFF9CE7" blockId="9.[151,925,151,213]" box="[151,925,151,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<heading id="D0FC81EEFFEFFFC2FF6E95FF3CFF9CE7" bold="true" box="[151,925,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEFFFC2FF6E95FF3CFF9CE7" ID-CoL="4FPYP" authority="(Dejean, 1831)" baseAuthorityName="Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[151,925,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="nocturna" subGenus="Phaeoxantha" subSpecies="nocturna">
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<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FF6E95FF3CFF9CE7" bold="true" box="[151,925,151,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FF6E95FF3E5A9CE4" bold="true" box="[151,312,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FEB395FF3E899CE4" bold="true" box="[330,491,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FE0595FF3D839CE7" bold="true" box="[508,737,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">nocturna nocturna</emphasis>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFEFFFC2FD0995FF3CF79CE7" author="Dejean, P. M. F. A." box="[752,917,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref32547" refString="Dejean, P. M. F. A. (1831) Species general des Coleopteres, de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Tome cinquieme. Mequignon - Marvis, Paris, viii + 883 pp." type="book" year="1831">Dejean, 1831</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3116509FFEFFFC2FF6E95D33E4C9C83" box="[151,302,187,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB43682FFEFFFC2FF6E95D33E4C9C83" blockId="9.[151,925,151,213]" box="[151,302,187,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13302A07FFEFFFC2FF6695D33E409C83" box="[159,290,187,213]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 13–17" captionStart-1="FIGURES 18–24" captionStart-2="FIGURES 25–31" captionStart-3="FIGURES 32–35" captionStart-4="FIGURES 36–41" captionStartId-0="10.[151,264,1769,1793]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionStartId-2="12.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionStartId-3="13.[151,264,1857,1881]" captionStartId-4="14.[151,264,995,1019]" captionTargetBox-0="[157,1432,194,1741]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1426,193,1834]" captionTargetBox-2="[166,1422,193,1834]" captionTargetBox-3="[165,1422,193,1820]" captionTargetBox-4="[163,1423,189,961]" captionTargetId-0="figure-30@10.[151,1436,181,1746]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@11.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetId-2="figure-30@12.[153,1434,181,1844]" captionTargetId-3="figure-17@13.[152,1435,181,1833]" captionTargetId-4="figure-30@14.[151,1436,181,971]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionTargetPageId-3="13" captionTargetPageId-4="14" captionText-0="FIGURES 13–17. Phaeoxantha (P.) nocturna (Dejean). 13–14—habitus: 13—♂, 9.1 mm, PLT (MNHN); 14—♂, 9.3 mm, LT (MNHN); 15—original labels (by Dejean) of PLT; 16—buccal appendages, ♂, LT; 17—original labels of LT. Bars = 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 18–24. Phaeoxantha (P.) nocturna (Dejean). 18—habitus, ♂, 9.6 mm, Brazil, Manaus – Rio Negro (CCJM); 19— head, ♂, PLT (MNHN); 20—pronotum, ♂, LT (MNHN); 21–24—labrum: 21—♂, LT; 22—♂, PLT; 23—♂, Brazil, Manaus – Rio Negro (CCJM); 24—♀, ibid. (CCJM). Bars = 1 mm." captionText-2="FIGURES 25–31. Phaeoxantha (P.) nocturna (Dejean). 25–26—mandibles: 25—♂, PLT (MNHN); 26—♀, Brazil, Manaus – Rio Negro (CCJM); 27–31—elytron: 27—♂, LT; 28—♂, PLT; 29—♂, LT, detail of elytral surface; 30—♀, “Amazon, Bates” (BMNH); 31—♀, Brazil, Manaus – Rio Negro (CCJM). Bars = 1 mm." captionText-3="FIGURES 32–35. Phaeoxantha (P.) nocturna (Dejean), male historical specimen, inappropriately labelled as “holotype” of P. limata Perty, which is unjustified emendation by Perty (1833) (ZSM). 32—habitus, 9.8 mm; 33—its labels; 34—elytron; 35—pronotum. Bars = 1 mm. Image credit Michael Balke." captionText-4="FIGURES 36–41. Phaeoxantha (P.) nocturna (Dejean), male aedeagi or their apexes. 36—Brazil, Manaus – Rio Negro (CCJM); 37–39—ditto, internal sac in left lateral, ventral and right lateral views. 40—Brazil, Rio Preto da I Eva; 41—ditto, right lateral view. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376592" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376594" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376596" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376598" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376602" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10376592/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10376594/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10376596/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10376598/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/10376602/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 13–41</figureCitation>
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).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3116509FFEFFFC2FF6E94683DC49E5B" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB43682FFEFFFC2FF6E94683D299D41" blockId="9.[151,1111,255,525]" box="[151,587,255,280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B11ACFFEFFFC2FF6E94683D299D41" box="[151,587,255,280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAA1093FFEFFFC2FF6E94683D259D41" author="Dejean, P. M. F. A." box="[151,583,255,280]" page="263" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1831">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEFFFC2FF6E94683D259D41" ID-CoL="3YQVZ" authority="Dejean, 1831: 263" authorityName="Dejean" authorityPageNumber="263" authorityYear="1831" box="[151,583,255,280]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturna">
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<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FF6E94683EE09D41" box="[151,386,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Megacephala nocturna</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFEFFFC2FE7094683D259D41" author="Dejean, P. M. F. A." box="[393,583,255,280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref32547" refString="Dejean, P. M. F. A. (1831) Species general des Coleopteres, de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Tome cinquieme. Mequignon - Marvis, Paris, viii + 883 pp." type="book" year="1831">Dejean, 1831: 263</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB43682FFEFFFC2FF6E94763C359D03" blockId="9.[151,1111,255,525]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B11ACFFEFFFC2FF6E94763C359D03" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEFFFC2FF6E94763E1C9D60" ID-CoL="4FPYP" baseAuthorityName="Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[151,382,286,310]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturna">
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||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FF6E94763E1C9D60" box="[151,382,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phaeoxantha nocturna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAA1093FFEFFFC2FE7594763D5C9D60" author="Chaudoir, M." box="[396,574,286,310]" page="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1850">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFEFFFC2FE7594763D5C9D60" author="Chaudoir, M." box="[396,574,286,310]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="3 - 21" refId="ref32376" refString="Chaudoir, M. (1850) Memoire sur la famille des Carabiques, 2 e Partie. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 23, 3 - 21." type="journal article" year="1850">Chaudoir 1850: 7</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
(as
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEFFFC2FD9194763C689D60" ID-CoL="4FPYP" authority="Klug" authorityName="Klug" box="[616,778,286,310]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturna">
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“
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<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FD8A94773DAC9D60" box="[627,718,287,310]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">nocturna</emphasis>
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Klug
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</taxonomicName>
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” and as a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEFFFC2FC1694773B2B9D60" ID-CoL="3YQV8" authorityName="Perty" authorityYear="1830" box="[1007,1097,286,310]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limata">
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<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FC1694773B2B9D60" box="[1007,1097,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. limata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEFFFC2FF6E94553D6C9D03" box="[151,526,317,341]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="limata" subSpecies="sensu">
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<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FF6E94553D6C9D03" box="[151,526,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Megacephala limata sensu auctorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(partim, see “Remarks” below).
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB43682FFEFFFC2FF6E94343C319D22" blockId="9.[151,1111,255,525]" box="[151,851,348,372]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEFFFC2FF6E94343D689D25" box="[151,522,348,372]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="limata" subSpecies="sensu">
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||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FF6E94343D689D25" box="[151,522,348,372]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phaeoxantha limata sensu auctorum</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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(partim, see “Remarks” below).
|
||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB43682FFEFFFC2FF6E94123D859DC4" blockId="9.[151,1111,255,525]" box="[151,743,378,402]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B11ACFFEFFFC2FF6E94123D859DC4" box="[151,743,378,402]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEFFFC2FF6E94123D7D9DC4" ID-CoL="3YQVZ" authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1831" box="[151,543,378,402]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturna" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
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<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FF6E94123E439DC4" box="[151,289,378,402]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Megacephala</emphasis>
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||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FEC994123ED49DC4" box="[304,438,378,402]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FE3D94133D7D9DC4" box="[452,543,379,402]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">nocturna</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA1093FFEFFFC2FDD494123D809DC4" author="Wiesner, J." box="[557,738,378,402]" page="45" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1992">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFEFFFC2FDD494123D809DC4" author="Wiesner, J." box="[557,738,378,402]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref34849" refString="Wiesner, J. (1992) Verzeichnis der Sandlaufkafer der Welt. Checklist of the tiger beetles of the world (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae). Verlag Erna Bauer, Keltern, 364 pp." type="book" year="1992">Wiesner 1992: 45</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFEFFFC2FF6E94F13D939DE7" blockId="9.[151,1111,255,525]" box="[151,753,409,433]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B11ACFFEFFFC2FF6E94F13D939DE7" box="[151,753,409,433]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEFFFC2FF6E94F13E1C9DE7" ID-CoL="4FPYP" box="[151,382,409,433]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FF6E94F13E1C9DE7" box="[151,382,409,433]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phaeoxantha nocturna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA1093FFEFFFC2FE7594F13D2C9DE7" author="Naviaux, R." box="[396,590,409,433]" page="514" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="2008">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFEFFFC2FE7594F13D2C9DE7" author="Naviaux, R." box="[396,590,409,433]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="511 - 515" refId="ref34236" refString="Naviaux, R. (2008) Phaeoxantha laminata (Perty) et P. nocturna (Dejean), deux especes bien distinctes sous le nom P. limata (Perty) (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae). Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 113 (4), 511 - 515. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 2008.3049" type="journal article" year="2008">Naviaux 2008: 514</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(513, figs 1–5).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFEFFFC2FF6E94D03D279D86" blockId="9.[151,1111,255,525]" box="[151,581,440,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B11ACFFEFFFC2FF6E94D03D279D86" box="[151,581,440,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEFFFC2FF6E94D03E1C9D99" ID-CoL="4FPYP" box="[151,382,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FF6E94D03E1C9D99" box="[151,382,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phaeoxantha nocturna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA1093FFEFFFC2FE7594D03D239D86" author="Wiesner, J." box="[396,577,440,464]" page="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="2020">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFEFFFC2FE7594D03D239D86" author="Wiesner, J." box="[396,577,440,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref34965" refString="Wiesner, J. (2020) Checklist of the Tiger Beetles of the World, 2 nd Edition. Winterwork, Borsdorf, 540 pp." type="book" year="2020">Wiesner 2020: 31</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFEFFFC2FF6E94BE3C3E9DB8" blockId="9.[151,1111,255,525]" box="[151,860,470,494]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FF6E94BE3E089DB8" bold="true" box="[151,362,470,494]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Unavailable names.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEFFFC2FE8894BE3D099DB8" box="[369,619,470,494]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menetriesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FE8894BE3D099DB8" box="[369,619,470,494]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Megacephala menetriesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Dejean 1837: 2,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FCE694BF3C3E9DB8" box="[799,860,470,494]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">in litt.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFEFFFC2FF6E949D3DC49E5B" blockId="9.[151,1111,255,525]" box="[151,678,501,525]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B11ACFFEFFFC2FF6E949D3DC49E5B" box="[151,678,501,525]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEFFFC2FF6E949D3EF39E5B" baseAuthorityName="C.O.Waterhouse" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[151,401,501,525]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FF6E949D3EF39E5B" box="[151,401,501,525]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Megacephala brevicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA1093FFEFFFC2FE66949D3D3D9E5B" author="Chaudoir, M." box="[415,607,501,525]" page="42" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1865">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFEFFFC2FE66949D3D3D9E5B" author="Chaudoir, M." box="[415,607,501,525]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref32448" refString="Chaudoir, M. (1865) Catalogue de la collection des cicindel e t e s de M. le Baron Chaudoir. Nys, Bruxelles, 64 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 134840" type="book" year="1865">Chaudoir 1865: 42</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FD90949E3DC49E5B" box="[617,678,501,525]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">in litt.</emphasis>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3116509FFEFFFC2FF6E97533B069A77" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFEFFFC2FF6E97533D2D9E03" blockId="9.[151,1437,571,2038]" box="[151,591,571,598]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FF6E97533E529E03" bold="true" box="[151,304,571,597]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFEFFFC2FF6E97533FB09E03" box="[151,210,571,597]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFEFFFC2FEC797533EE79E03" box="[318,389,571,597]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, environs of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CFF860FFEFFFC2FDEF97533D299E03" box="[534,587,571,597]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pará</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFEFFFC2FF3E97373BD39EB3" blockId="9.[151,1437,571,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FF3E97373E129E2F" bold="true" box="[199,368,607,633]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Type material</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFEFFFC2FE7997083D8C9E94" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="Dejean & Coll. Chaudoir" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFEFFFC2FE7997083E929E2C" box="[384,496,608,634]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(designated here)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FD3F97083DB99E2C" box="[710,731,608,634]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
in MHNH, labelled by small, square, plane green label (usually attached to type specimens by
|
||
<collectorName id="26FE5354FFEFFFC2FDE697EB3D129ECB" box="[543,624,643,669]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Dejean</collectorName>
|
||
) and: “Muséum Paris /
|
||
<collectorName id="26FE5354FFEFFFC2FC8197EB3B7D9ECB" box="[888,1055,643,669]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Coll. Chaudoir</collectorName>
|
||
1874” [greenish, printed, the date means when the specimens accessioned by
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFEFFFC2FD7597C03D8A9E94" box="[652,744,680,706]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFEFFFC2FD0297CF3A799E97" box="[763,1307,679,706]" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="Dejean & Coll. Chaudoir" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFEFFFC2FD0297CF3CF59E97" box="[763,919,679,705]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FC5D97CF3CB29E94" box="[932,976,679,706]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
in MHNH with same labels
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. Other
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B633CDFFFEFFFC2FA8897CF3BCF9EB3" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="Dejean & Coll. Chaudoir" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="5" typeStatus="paralectotype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FA8897CF3E6E9EB3" count="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
with same labels in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFEFFFC2FE0897A43D259EB0" box="[497,583,716,742]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
are obviously syntypes, thus becoming
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFEFFFC2FBF197A33BCF9EB3" box="[1032,1197,715,741]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFEFFFC2FF3E97873B069A77" blockId="9.[151,1437,571,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FF3E97873E969F5F" bold="true" box="[199,500,751,777]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Other material examined</emphasis>
|
||
. Historical specimens.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FD0297873C479F5C" box="[763,805,751,778]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
in ZSM [wrongly labelled as a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFEFFFC2FB7097873B899F5F" box="[1161,1259,751,777]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of in fact never described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEFFFC2FEF3967B3D1F9F7B" authority="Perty, 1830" authorityName="Perty" authorityYear="1830" box="[266,637,787,814]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FEF3967B3E909F7B" box="[266,498,787,813]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Megacephala limata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFEFFFC2FE00967C3D1F9F7B" author="Perty, M." box="[505,637,787,814]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="125 - 224" refId="ref34474" refString="Perty, M. (1830 - 1833) Delectus animalium articulatorum in Brasilia. Insecta Brasiliensia, Coleoptera pentamera. Familia Cicindeletae. Munich, 224 pp. + 40 pls. [issued in three sections (only 1 and 3 cited here): Fascicle 1 (pp 1 - 60 + pls. 1 - 12, 1830). Fascicle 3 (pp 125 - 224 + pls. 25 - 40, 1833). The entire work along with the " De insectorum in America meridionali " was issued in 1834 yet with different titles of individual sections]." type="book chapter" year="1830">Perty, 1830</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], labelled: “Amazon / F. / Perty” [large square tarnished label with thin green border, handwritten] // “
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFEFFFC2FE1C965F3D3E9F07" box="[485,604,823,849]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">Holotypus</typeStatus>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEFFFC2FD89965F3C679F07" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[624,773,823,849]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Megacephala</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ limata / Perty / 1830 / Staatssamml. München” [red, printed] // “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEFFFC2FF1C96333E159F23" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[229,375,859,885]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phaeoxantha</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEFFFC2FE6996343DC69F23" authority="(Dejean, 1831)" baseAuthorityName="Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[400,676,859,886]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturna">
|
||
nocturna (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFEFFFC2FDFB96333DFE9F23" author="Dejean, P. M. F. A." box="[514,668,859,885]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref32547" refString="Dejean, P. M. F. A. (1831) Species general des Coleopteres, de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Tome cinquieme. Mequignon - Marvis, Paris, viii + 883 pp." type="book" year="1831">Dejean, 1831</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ R. Naviaux test. 2009 /
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEFFFC2FC3796333B029F23" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[974,1120,859,885]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phaeoxantha</taxonomicName>
|
||
” [printed] // “SNSB-Zoolo-gische / Staatssammlung München / digital imaging / ZSM-COL–00114” [printed].
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FBC196173B039FCC" box="[1080,1121,895,922]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFEFFFC2FB7B96E83BB49FCC" box="[1154,1238,896,922]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
: “5302” // “Amazon / Bates” // “Fry Coll. / 1905–100” // NHMUK015009549”. Other data.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FC1B96CB3B6E9FE8" box="[994,1036,931,958]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFEFFFC2FBD696CB3B189FEB" box="[1071,1146,931,957]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">CDCL</collectionCode>
|
||
: “Dr Hahnel/ Amazonas / (Staudinger)” // “ex coll. Bokor” // “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEFFFC2FDD596AF3DA19FB7" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[556,707,967,993]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Megacephala</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ limata Perty’’.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FC8396AF3CD99FB4" box="[890,955,967,994]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FC3F96AF3C929FB4" box="[966,1008,967,994]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFEFFFC2FBED96AF3B3D9FB7" box="[1044,1119,967,993]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">CDCL</collectionCode>
|
||
: “Teffe / Amazon”.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FAB896AF3AE09FB4" box="[1345,1410,967,994]" count="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FA7796AF3FCE9850" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFEFFFC2FF3696833E789853" box="[207,282,1003,1029]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">CDCL</collectionCode>
|
||
: “Amazone” [green, handwritten] // “629/34” [small rounded, handwritten].
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FB8A96833BFE9850" box="[1139,1180,1003,1030]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFEFFFC2FB4696833A689853" box="[1215,1290,1003,1029]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">CDCL</collectionCode>
|
||
: “Amazone” [green, handwritten] // “629/34” [small, rounded, handwritten] // “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEFFFC2FC7991673B2F987F" box="[896,1101,1039,1065]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tetracha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laminata">Tetracha laminata</taxonomicName>
|
||
” [handwritten].
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FAFF91673A25987C" box="[1286,1351,1039,1066]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FAAD91673A1D987C" box="[1364,1407,1039,1066]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFEFFFC2FF6E915B3F80981B" box="[151,226,1075,1101]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">CDCL</collectionCode>
|
||
: “Brazilia, Amazonia,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B67FFEFFFC2FE26915B3D57981B" box="[479,565,1075,1101]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="km" value="120.0">120 km</quantity>
|
||
/N. of Manaus. Boa Vista road / Prai forest, sept. 20-30.89 / M. Hrabovsky lgt”.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FF6E913F3FB79824" box="[151,213,1111,1138]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFEFFFC2FF0F913F3E239827" box="[246,321,1111,1137]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">CDCL</collectionCode>
|
||
: “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFEFFFC2FEA0913F3EC09827" box="[345,418,1111,1137]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Amazonas / L. bank of Rio Negro /
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B67FFEFFFC2FCCD913F3C099827" box="[820,875,1111,1137]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
|
||
N. of Manaus/on beach, Oct. 6-89 / M. Hrabovsky col.” // “Meg.(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEFFFC2FECC91133EAE98C3" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[309,460,1147,1173]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phaeoxantha</taxonomicName>
|
||
) /
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEFFFC2FE1391133DD598C3" authority="Perty, 1837" authorityName="Perty" authorityYear="1837" box="[490,695,1147,1174]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limata">limata Perty, 1837</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ Werner det. 1996.”.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FC4991133C9398C0" box="[944,1009,1147,1174]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FC0491133B5F98C0" box="[1021,1085,1147,1174]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFEFFFC2FB9891133BCD98C3" box="[1121,1199,1147,1173]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">CCJM</collectionCode>
|
||
: “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFEFFFC2FB3D91133A6F98C3" box="[1220,1293,1147,1173]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Amazonas / L. bank of Rio Negro /
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B67FFEFFFC2FE6291F73EB698EF" box="[411,468,1183,1209]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
|
||
N. of Manaus/on white sand beach /
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFEFFFC2FC8A91F73CBE98EF" box="[883,988,1183,1209]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1989-10-04">4.X.1989</date>
|
||
M. Hrabovsky”.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FB6791F73BBC98EC" box="[1182,1246,1183,1210]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FB1391F73A4B98EC" box="[1258,1321,1183,1210]" count="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFEFFFC2FAB591F73AFA98EF" box="[1356,1432,1183,1209]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">CCJM</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FF6E91AB3FBB9888" box="[151,217,1219,1246]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FF1C91AB3E469888" box="[229,292,1219,1246]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFEFFFC2FEB091AB3EF0988B" box="[329,402,1219,1245]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">CJVB</collectionCode>
|
||
: “Brasilia – Amazonia / Manaus – Rio Negro /
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFEFFFC2FC5F91AB3B04988B" box="[934,1126,1219,1245]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1989-09-20" valueMax="1989-10-14" valueMin="1989-09-20">20.IX-14.X.1989</date>
|
||
/ M + P. Hrabovský leg”.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FA7791AB3FA19954" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FF36918F3E6C9954" box="[207,270,1255,1282]" count="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFEFFFC2FEC8918F3E1F9957" box="[305,381,1255,1281]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">CCJM</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FE71918F3EAA9954" box="[392,456,1255,1282]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FE2D918F3D719954" box="[468,531,1255,1282]" count="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in CJWB: “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFEFFFC2FD60918F3D829957" box="[665,736,1255,1281]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
– Amazonas, Manaus / Parque das Laranjarias / sandy at night
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFEFFFC2FF6E90633E6C9973" box="[151,270,1291,1317]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1993-10-14">14.X.1993</date>
|
||
/ M. Hrabovský lgt.”.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FDE990633D599970" box="[528,571,1291,1318]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFEFFFC2FD9890633DC89973" box="[609,682,1291,1317]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">CJVB</collectionCode>
|
||
: “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFEFFFC2FD3990633C6B9973" box="[704,777,1291,1317]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Amazonas / Parintins rd. to airport / white sand at night /
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFEFFFC2FF6E90473E7B991F" box="[151,281,1327,1353]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1996-09-10">10.IX.1996</date>
|
||
, M. Hrabovsky lgt.”.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FDE990473D58991C" box="[528,570,1327,1354]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFEFFFC2FD9990473DC9991F" box="[608,683,1327,1353]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">CDCL</collectionCode>
|
||
: “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFEFFFC2FD3D90473C6F991F" box="[708,781,1327,1353]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Casares Mt / Praia de Carne /
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5045FFEFFFC2FB9790473B99991F" box="[1134,1275,1327,1354]" degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="15" seconds="43" value="-16.095278">16°05’43” S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5045FFEFFFC2FAF090473AFE991C" box="[1289,1436,1327,1354]" degrees="57" direction="west" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="15" seconds="10" value="-57.719444">57°43’10’’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
/ leg Zerm, 22-IX- 998” //
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEFFFC2FE33903B3D3B993B" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[458,601,1363,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phaeoxantha</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ limata/
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFEFFFC2FD30903C3C28993B" author="Perty, M." box="[713,842,1363,1390]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="125 - 224" refId="ref34474" refString="Perty, M. (1830 - 1833) Delectus animalium articulatorum in Brasilia. Insecta Brasiliensia, Coleoptera pentamera. Familia Cicindeletae. Munich, 224 pp. + 40 pls. [issued in three sections (only 1 and 3 cited here): Fascicle 1 (pp 1 - 60 + pls. 1 - 12, 1830). Fascicle 3 (pp 125 - 224 + pls. 25 - 40, 1833). The entire work along with the " De insectorum in America meridionali " was issued in 1834 yet with different titles of individual sections]." type="book chapter" year="1830">Perty, 1830</bibRefCitation>
|
||
/ det J. Wiesner, 1998”.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FB9F903B3BF39938" box="[1126,1169,1363,1390]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFEFFFC2FB41903B3A61993B" box="[1208,1283,1363,1389]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">CDCL</collectionCode>
|
||
: “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFEFFFC2FAE7903B3A05993B" box="[1310,1383,1363,1389]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Rio Cuiaba / beach San Antonio /
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5045FFEFFFC2FE15901F3D1799C7" box="[492,629,1399,1426]" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="15" seconds="19" value="-15.871944">15°52’19’’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F5045FFEFFFC2FD7A901F3C6499C4" box="[643,774,1399,1426]" degrees="56" direction="west" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="15" seconds="36" value="-56.09333">56°05’36W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
/ leg. Zerm.
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFEFFFC2FC62901F3B4399C7" box="[923,1057,1399,1425]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1998-09-17">17-IX-1998</date>
|
||
” // “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEFFFC2FBAD901F3B8499C7" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[1108,1254,1399,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phaeoxantha</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ limata /
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFEFFFC2FAA590103FAC99E3" author="Perty, M." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="125 - 224" refId="ref34474" refString="Perty, M. (1830 - 1833) Delectus animalium articulatorum in Brasilia. Insecta Brasiliensia, Coleoptera pentamera. Familia Cicindeletae. Munich, 224 pp. + 40 pls. [issued in three sections (only 1 and 3 cited here): Fascicle 1 (pp 1 - 60 + pls. 1 - 12, 1830). Fascicle 3 (pp 125 - 224 + pls. 25 - 40, 1833). The entire work along with the " De insectorum in America meridionali " was issued in 1834 yet with different titles of individual sections]." type="book chapter" year="1830">Perty, 1830</bibRefCitation>
|
||
/ det J.Wiesner, 1998”.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FE2D90F33E9C99E0" box="[468,510,1435,1462]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFEFFFC2FDD890F33D0E99E3" box="[545,620,1435,1461]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">CDCL</collectionCode>
|
||
“Ponta du Arare / Rio Negro, Bras.” // “Ca
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B67FFEFFFC2FBAD90F33BF999E3" box="[1108,1179,1435,1462]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
|
||
oberhalb / Manaus auf Sand -/ banken” // “21-11-62/ leg. Irmler” // “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEFFFC2FD5890D73C81998F" baseAuthorityName="W. Horn" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[673,995,1471,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">Megacephala (Phaeoxantha)</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEFFFC2FC0590D73BAE998F" authority="Perty, 1830" authorityName="Perty" authorityYear="1830" box="[1020,1228,1471,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limata">
|
||
limata
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFEFFFC2FBB290A83BAE998F" author="Perty, M." box="[1099,1228,1471,1498]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="125 - 224" refId="ref34474" refString="Perty, M. (1830 - 1833) Delectus animalium articulatorum in Brasilia. Insecta Brasiliensia, Coleoptera pentamera. Familia Cicindeletae. Munich, 224 pp. + 40 pls. [issued in three sections (only 1 and 3 cited here): Fascicle 1 (pp 1 - 60 + pls. 1 - 12, 1830). Fascicle 3 (pp 125 - 224 + pls. 25 - 40, 1833). The entire work along with the " De insectorum in America meridionali " was issued in 1834 yet with different titles of individual sections]." type="book chapter" year="1830">Perty, 1830</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ det J. Probst”.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FA7790D73FA199A8" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FF29908B3E7299A8" box="[208,272,1507,1534]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in MHCP,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FE69908B3EB399A8" box="[400,465,1507,1534]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FE27908B3D6B99A8" box="[478,521,1507,1534]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFEFFFC2FDD7908B3D1899AB" box="[558,634,1507,1533]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">CCJM</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FD7C908B3DD099A8" box="[645,690,1507,1534]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FD46908B3D8899A8" box="[703,746,1507,1534]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFEFFFC2FCF6908B3C3799AB" box="[783,853,1507,1533]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">COSJ</collectionCode>
|
||
: “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFEFFFC2FC93908B3CCD99AB" box="[874,943,1507,1533]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Brasil</collectingCountry>
|
||
/ R. Preto da I Eva /
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFEFFFC2FB59908B3A2999AB" box="[1184,1355,1507,1534]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1994-11-20" valueMax="1994-11-25" valueMin="1994-11-20">20.-25.XI.1994</date>
|
||
/ Hrdý M. lgt.”.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FF04936F3E5C9A74" box="[253,318,1543,1570]" count="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="male">4 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFEFFFC2FEB3936F3E169A74" box="[330,372,1543,1570]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1AAE47FFEFFFC2FE61936F3EBC9A77" box="[408,478,1543,1569]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">COSJ</collectionCode>
|
||
: “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C7612FFEFFFC2FE0B936F3D559A77" box="[498,567,1543,1569]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Brasil</collectingCountry>
|
||
/Amazone prov. / Rio Jalapu /
|
||
<date id="FFB51042FFEFFFC2FC6A93603CBC9A74" box="[915,990,1543,1570]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1995-01">I.1995</date>
|
||
, Gada lgt.”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3116509FFEFFFC5FF3E93433CE19940" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFEFFFC2FF3E93433D129BA0" blockId="9.[151,1437,571,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FF3E93433EA59A13" bold="true" box="[199,455,1579,1605]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEFFFC2FE2E93433C969A13" baseAuthorityName="Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[471,1012,1579,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="nocturna" subGenus="Phaeoxantha" subSpecies="nocturna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FE2E93433D099A13" box="[471,619,1579,1605]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FD8593433C729A13" box="[636,784,1579,1605]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FCD893443C969A13" box="[801,1012,1580,1605]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">nocturna nocturna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is one of the four smallest species of the nominotypical subgenus with adults measuring 9.00–10.5 (LT 9.30) mm. It is immediately distinguished from similarly small (
|
||
<quantity id="4CF39B67FFEFFFC2FEB4931B3EDB9AD8" box="[333,441,1651,1678]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="9.0">9–10 mm</quantity>
|
||
long)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FDF8931C3D709ADB" box="[513,530,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEFFFC2FDD9931B3DD49ADB" box="[544,694,1651,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tetracha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laminata" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FDD0931C3D589ADB" box="[553,570,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FDAB931B3DD49ADB" box="[594,694,1651,1677]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">laminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its almost subparallel, slightly posteriad attenuated elytra (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFEFFFC2FA93931B3F829AE7" captionStart="FIGURES 13–17" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,194,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-30@10.[151,1436,181,1746]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 13–17. Phaeoxantha (P.) nocturna (Dejean). 13–14—habitus: 13—♂, 9.1 mm, PLT (MNHN); 14—♂, 9.3 mm, LT (MNHN); 15—original labels (by Dejean) of PLT; 16—buccal appendages, ♂, LT; 17—original labels of LT. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376592/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 13–14</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFEFFFC2FF1293FF3E6B9AE7" box="[235,265,1687,1713]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–24" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,193,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 18–24. Phaeoxantha (P.) nocturna (Dejean). 18—habitus, ♂, 9.6 mm, Brazil, Manaus – Rio Negro (CCJM); 19— head, ♂, PLT (MNHN); 20—pronotum, ♂, LT (MNHN); 21–24—labrum: 21—♂, LT; 22—♂, PLT; 23—♂, Brazil, Manaus – Rio Negro (CCJM); 24—♀, ibid. (CCJM). Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376594/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">18</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFEFFFC2FEED93FF3EE79AE7" box="[276,389,1687,1713]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 25–31" captionStart-1="FIGURES 32–35" captionStartId-0="12.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionStartId-1="13.[151,264,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox-0="[166,1422,193,1834]" captionTargetBox-1="[165,1422,193,1820]" captionTargetId-0="figure-30@12.[153,1434,181,1844]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@13.[152,1435,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionText-0="FIGURES 25–31. Phaeoxantha (P.) nocturna (Dejean). 25–26—mandibles: 25—♂, PLT (MNHN); 26—♀, Brazil, Manaus – Rio Negro (CCJM); 27–31—elytron: 27—♂, LT; 28—♂, PLT; 29—♂, LT, detail of elytral surface; 30—♀, “Amazon, Bates” (BMNH); 31—♀, Brazil, Manaus – Rio Negro (CCJM). Bars = 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 32–35. Phaeoxantha (P.) nocturna (Dejean), male historical specimen, inappropriately labelled as “holotype” of P. limata Perty, which is unjustified emendation by Perty (1833) (ZSM). 32—habitus, 9.8 mm; 33—its labels; 34—elytron; 35—pronotum. Bars = 1 mm. Image credit Michael Balke." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376596" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376598" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10376596/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10376598/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">27–32, 34</figureCitation>
|
||
)) (more notably so in males), in contrast to the ovoid, sexually dimorphic elytra with tuberculate surface in
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FEC193D43E2B9A83" box="[312,329,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEFFFC2FEAF93D33E889A83" box="[342,490,1723,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tetracha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laminata" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FEA693D43E129A83" box="[351,368,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FE7F93D33E889A83" box="[390,490,1723,1749]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">laminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFEFFFC2FE0193D33DE49A83" box="[504,646,1723,1749]" captionStart="FIGURES 98–102" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,194,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-17@29.[154,1433,181,1835]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 98–102. Phaeoxantha (P.) laminata (Perty), ♂, HT, “Brasilia” (ZSM). 98–habitus, 9.5 mm (image credit: Michael Balke); 99—elytron; 100—ditto, detail of surface; 101—pronotum; 102—labels. Bars = 1 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376632" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376632/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 98–100</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFEFFFC2FD6993D33C029A83" box="[656,864,1723,1749]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 103–105" captionStart-1="FIGURES 106–112" captionStart-2="FIGURES 113–117" captionStartId-0="30.[151,264,1862,1886]" captionStartId-1="31.[151,264,1860,1884]" captionStartId-2="32.[151,264,962,986]" captionTargetBox-0="[167,1422,194,1825]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1424,194,1824]" captionTargetBox-2="[166,1421,192,925]" captionTargetId-0="figure-30@30.[154,1433,181,1837]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@31.[151,1436,181,1837]" captionTargetId-2="figure-30@32.[153,1434,181,938]" captionTargetPageId-0="30" captionTargetPageId-1="31" captionTargetPageId-2="32" captionText-0="FIGURES 103–105. Phaeoxantha (P.) laminata (Perty), historical specimens of syn. Megacephala asperula Westwood (MNHN), habitus. 103—♂, 10.2 mm, “Para” [Pará, Brazil]; 104—♂, 9.6 mm, Pebas [Peru]; 105—♀, 9.9 mm, Pebas. Bar = 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 106–112. Phaeoxantha (P.) laminata (Perty), historical specimen of syn. Megacephala asperulaWestwood (BMNH), ♂. 106—habitus, 9.9 mm; 107—labrum; 108—labels; 109—pronotum; 110—ditto, detail of surface; 111—elytron; 112—ditto, detail of surface. Bars = 1 mm." captionText-2="FIGURES 113–117. Phaeoxantha (P.) laminata (Perty), historical specimen under unavailable name Megacephala brevipennis by Westwood (1852 in litt.), ♀ (BMNH). 113—elytron; 114—ditto, detail of surface; 115—labrum; 116—pronotum; 117— dit- to, detail of surface. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376634" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376636" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376638" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10376634/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10376636/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10376638/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">103–106, 111–114</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFEFFFC2FC9293D33CB39A80" box="[875,977,1723,1750]" captionStart="FIGURES 118–126" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[159,1423,191,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 118–126. Phaeoxantha (P.) laminata (Perty), historical specimens (MNHN). 118—head, ♂, “Para” [Brazil] (MNHN); 119—ditto, mandibles; 120–122—labrum: 120—♂, Pebas [Peru]; 121 ♀, ibid; 122—♂, “Para” [Brazil]; 123–124— elytron: 123—♂, Pebas; 124—♂, “Para”; 125—♀, Pebas; 126—aedeagus, “Para”. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376640" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376640/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">123–125</figureCitation>
|
||
); the coloration varies from conspicuously pale, yellow-ochre with ochre to pale brownish, or brownish-darkened, or blackish elytral areas; elytral surface often appearing partly translucent, almost smooth, finely and mostly sparsely punctate, rarely with larger punctures,, appearing almost glabrous as covered with scattered or more dense but very short setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFEFFFC2FB8F924F3B949B17" box="[1142,1270,1831,1857]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–31" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,193,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-30@12.[153,1434,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 25–31. Phaeoxantha (P.) nocturna (Dejean). 25–26—mandibles: 25—♂, PLT (MNHN); 26—♀, Brazil, Manaus – Rio Negro (CCJM); 27–31—elytron: 27—♂, LT; 28—♂, PLT; 29—♂, LT, detail of elytral surface; 30—♀, “Amazon, Bates” (BMNH); 31—♀, Brazil, Manaus – Rio Negro (CCJM). Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376596" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376596/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 27–31</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFEFFFC2FAF8924F3A439B17" box="[1281,1313,1831,1857]" captionStart="FIGURES 32–35" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,193,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[152,1435,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 32–35. Phaeoxantha (P.) nocturna (Dejean), male historical specimen, inappropriately labelled as “holotype” of P. limata Perty, which is unjustified emendation by Perty (1833) (ZSM). 32—habitus, 9.8 mm; 33—its labels; 34—elytron; 35—pronotum. Bars = 1 mm. Image credit Michael Balke." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376598/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">34</figureCitation>
|
||
); epipleura finely serrate; pronotal surface smooth and almost glabrous, or with sparse microsetae (in contrast to conspicuously more coarsely punctate and densely setose elytra and notably setose pronotum in
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FBEF92183B459BDF" box="[1046,1063,1904,1929]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FBC492183B2C9BDF" box="[1085,1102,1904,1929]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FB9D92183B109BDF" box="[1124,1138,1904,1929]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">n</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FB8792183A419BDF" box="[1150,1315,1904,1929]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">crassipunctata</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FAD092073AEE9BDF" bold="true" box="[1321,1420,1903,1929]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ssp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
). Rather similar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEFFFC2FEC792FC3D779BFB" authorityName="W. Horn" authorityYear="1923" box="[318,533,1939,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epipleuralis" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FEC792FC3E2D9BFB" box="[318,335,1940,1965]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FE9E92FC3E1A9BFB" box="[359,376,1940,1965]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEFFFC2FE7692FB3D779BFB" box="[399,533,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">epipleuralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished by its subparallel-side elytra with outer margins widest below the middle or slightly dilated posteriad, and by elytral punctures on anterior elytral half surrounded by shallow, fovea-like greyish circle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFEFFFC2FE4F92B33D6F9BA3" box="[438,525,2011,2037]" captionStart="FIGURES 85–88" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1967,1991]" captionTargetBox="[219,1364,460,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-108@25.[207,1372,451,1955]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 85–88. Phaeoxantha (P.) epipleuralis (W. Horn), ♂, LT (SDEI). 85—habitus, 10 mm (image credit Kevin Weiss- ing); 86—elytron; 87—aedeagus; 88—labels. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376626/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 86</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFEFFFC2FDE092B33D019BA0" box="[537,611,2011,2038]" captionStart="FIGURES 95–97" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1125,1149]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,204,1077]" captionTargetId="figure-257@27.[152,1436,191,1090]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 95–97. Phaeoxantha (P.) epipleuralis (W. Horn), elytra. 95—♂, PLT (SDEI); 96—ditto, detail; 97—♀, PLT (SDEI). Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376630" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376630/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">95–97</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF74660AFFECFFC1FF6E93813A189B73" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376592" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10376592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376592/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[151,264,1769,1793]" targetBox="[157,1432,194,1741]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFECFFC1FF6E93813A189B73" blockId="10.[151,1436,1769,1830]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFECFFC1FF6E93813E369B54" bold="true" box="[151,340,1769,1794]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURES 13–17.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFECFFC1FEA393823E829B54" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[346,480,1770,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFECFFC1FEA393823E829B54" box="[346,480,1770,1794]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFECFFC1FE1F93823DB39B54" authority="(Dejean)" baseAuthorityName="Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[486,721,1770,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturna" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFECFFC1FE1693823E9C9B57" box="[495,510,1770,1793]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFECFFC1FDED93823D0D9B57" box="[532,623,1770,1793]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">nocturna</emphasis>
|
||
(Dejean)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 13–14—habitus: 13—♂, 9.1 mm, PLT (MNHN); 14—♂, 9.3 mm, LT (MNHN); 15—original labels (by Dejean) of PLT; 16—buccal appendages, ♂, LT; 17—original labels of LT. Bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF74660AFFEDFFC0FF6E92233D8E9BFD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376594" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10376594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376594/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[151,264,1867,1891]" targetBox="[159,1426,193,1834]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFEDFFC0FF6E92233D8E9BFD" blockId="11.[151,1436,1867,1964]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEDFFC0FF6E92233E379B35" bold="true" box="[151,341,1867,1891]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURES 18–24.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEDFFC0FEA292243E839B32" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[347,481,1868,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEDFFC0FEA292243E839B32" box="[347,481,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEDFFC0FE1192243DB19B32" authority="(Dejean)" baseAuthorityName="Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[488,723,1868,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturna" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEDFFC0FE0992243E9D9B35" box="[496,511,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEDFFC0FDEC92243D129B35" box="[533,624,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">nocturna</emphasis>
|
||
(Dejean)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 18—habitus, ♂, 9.6 mm, Brazil, Manaus – Rio Negro (CCJM); 19— head, ♂, PLT (MNHN); 20—pronotum, ♂, LT (MNHN); 21–24—labrum: 21—♂, LT; 22—♂, PLT; 23—♂, Brazil, Manaus – Rio Negro (CCJM); 24—♀, ibid. (CCJM). Bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF74660AFFEAFFC7FF6E92233C019BFD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376596" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10376596" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376596/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[151,264,1867,1891]" targetBox="[166,1422,193,1834]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFEAFFC7FF6E92233C019BFD" blockId="12.[151,1436,1867,1964]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEAFFC7FF6E92233E349B32" bold="true" box="[151,342,1867,1892]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURES 25–31.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEAFFC7FEA792243E869B32" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[350,484,1868,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEAFFC7FEA792243E869B32" box="[350,484,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEAFFC7FE1592243DB99B32" authority="(Dejean)" baseAuthorityName="Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[492,731,1868,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturna" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEAFFC7FE0C92243D669B35" box="[501,516,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEAFFC7FDE292243D149B35" box="[539,630,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">nocturna</emphasis>
|
||
(Dejean)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 25–26—mandibles: 25—♂, PLT (MNHN); 26—♀, Brazil, Manaus – Rio Negro (CCJM); 27–31—elytron: 27—♂, LT; 28—♂, PLT; 29—♂, LT, detail of elytral surface; 30—♀, “Amazon, Bates” (BMNH); 31—♀, Brazil, Manaus – Rio Negro (CCJM). Bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF74660AFFEBFFC6FF6E92293D899BF7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376598" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10376598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376598/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[151,264,1857,1881]" targetBox="[165,1422,193,1820]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFEBFFC6FF6E92293D899BF7" blockId="13.[151,1437,1857,1953]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEBFFC6FF6E92293E349B0F" bold="true" box="[151,342,1857,1881]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURES 32–35.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEBFFC6FEA792293E869B0F" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[350,484,1857,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEBFFC6FEA792293E869B0F" box="[350,484,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEBFFC6FE1492293DB99B0F" authority="(Dejean)" baseAuthorityName="Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[493,731,1857,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturna" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEBFFC6FE0C922A3D669B0F" box="[501,516,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEBFFC6FDE5922A3D159B0F" box="[540,631,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">nocturna</emphasis>
|
||
(Dejean)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male historical specimen, inappropriately labelled as “holotype” of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFEBFFC6FF6E920E3E519B2B" authority="Perty" authorityName="Perty" authorityYear="1830" box="[151,307,1893,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFEBFFC6FF6E920E3F919B2B" box="[151,243,1893,1917]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. limata</emphasis>
|
||
Perty
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is unjustified emendation by Perty (1833) (ZSM). 32—habitus, 9.8 mm; 33—its labels; 34—elytron; 35—pronotum. Bars = 1 mm. Image credit Michael Balke.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF74660AFFE8FFC5FF6E968B3E3D9815" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376602" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10376602" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376602/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[151,264,995,1019]" targetBox="[163,1423,189,961]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFE8FFC5FF6E968B3E3D9815" blockId="14.[151,1436,995,1091]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFE8FFC5FF6E968B3E309FAD" bold="true" box="[151,338,995,1019]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURES 36–41.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFE8FFC5FEAE968B3EBF9FAD" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[343,477,995,1019]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFE8FFC5FEAE968B3EBF9FAD" box="[343,477,995,1019]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Phaeoxantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFE8FFC5FE18968B3DA59FAD" authority="(Dejean)" baseAuthorityName="Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[481,711,995,1020]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturna" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFE8FFC5FE10968C3E9A9FAD" box="[489,504,996,1019]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFE8FFC5FDF5968C3D059FAD" box="[524,615,996,1019]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">nocturna</emphasis>
|
||
(Dejean)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male aedeagi or their apexes. 36—Brazil, Manaus – Rio Negro (CCJM); 37–39—ditto, internal sac in left lateral, ventral and right lateral views. 40—Brazil, Rio Preto da I Eva; 41—ditto, right lateral view. Bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFE8FFC5FF3E91053CE19940" blockId="14.[151,1437,1132,1951]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFE8FFC5FF3E91053EFB98D0" baseAuthorityName="W. Horn" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[199,409,1132,1159]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tremolerasi" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFE8FFC5FF3E91053FBA98D0" box="[199,216,1133,1158]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFE8FFC5FF0991053E6398D0" box="[240,257,1133,1158]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFE8FFC5FEE091043EFB98D0" box="[281,409,1132,1158]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">tremolerasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFE8FFC5FE5191043D2798D0" box="[424,581,1132,1158]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 127–130" captionStart-1="FIGURES 131–137" captionStart-2="FIGURES 138–141" captionStartId-0="34.[151,262,1962,1986]" captionStartId-1="35.[151,264,1884,1908]" captionStartId-2="36.[151,264,1952,1976]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1319,426,1926]" captionTargetBox-1="[167,1422,211,1848]" captionTargetBox-2="[164,1419,433,1898]" captionTargetId-0="figure-118@34.[151,1319,426,1938]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@35.[154,1434,199,1861]" captionTargetId-2="figure-169@36.[151,1432,418,1910]" captionTargetPageId-0="34" captionTargetPageId-1="35" captionTargetPageId-2="36" captionText-0="FIGURES 127–130. Phaeoxantha (P.) tremolerasi (W. Horn), syntypes, Uruguay, Salta province (SDEI). 127–128—habitus: 127—♂, 11.8 mm; 128—♀, 11.6 mm; 129—labels of the male ST; 130—elytron, ♀. Bars = 1 mm. Image credit Kevin Weissing." captionText-1="FIGURES 131–137. Phaeoxantha (P.) tremolerasi (W. Horn), from Argentinean province of Entre Rios (CCJM). 131—habi- tus, ♂, 11.3 mm; 132—mandibles; 133–134—labrum: 133—♂; 134—♀; 135–136—♂, aedeagus in its left lateral, ventral and dorsal aspect. Bars = 1 mm." captionText-2="FIGURES 138–141. Phaeoxantha (P.) tremolerasi (W. Horn), from Argentinean province of Entre Rios (CCJM). 138—prono- tum, ♂; 139–141—elytron: 139—♂; 140—ditto, detail of surface; 141—♀. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376642" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376644" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376646" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10376642/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10376644/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10376646/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 127–141</figureCitation>
|
||
) is clearly distinguished by its larger body with notably stout elytra (in contrast to posteriad-attenuated elytra in
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFE8FFC5FDCE91F93D2A98FC" box="[567,584,1169,1194]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFE8FFC5FDA691F93D1298FC" box="[607,624,1169,1194]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFE8FFC5FD7E91F93DF798FC" box="[647,661,1169,1194]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">n</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFE8FFC5FD5A91F93C6A98FC" baseAuthorityName="Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[675,776,1169,1194]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFE8FFC5FD5A91F93C6A98FC" box="[675,776,1169,1194]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">nocturna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFE8FFC5FCC791F93C2D98FC" box="[830,847,1169,1194]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFE8FFC5FC9F91F93C1598FC" box="[870,887,1169,1194]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFE8FFC5FC7791F93CFE98FC" box="[910,924,1169,1194]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">n</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFE8FFC5FC5391F93B2D98FC" box="[938,1103,1169,1194]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">crassipunctata</emphasis>
|
||
). Moreover, elytral surface in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFE8FFC5FF6E91DD3E0A9898" baseAuthorityName="W. Horn" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[151,360,1204,1231]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tremolerasi" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFE8FFC5FF6E91DD3FCA9898" box="[151,168,1205,1230]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFE8FFC5FF4691DD3FB29898" box="[191,208,1205,1230]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFE8FFC5FF1191DC3E0A9898" box="[232,360,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">tremolerasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinctly and rather densely punctate in their anterior half (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFE8FFC5FBE691DC3BE19898" box="[1055,1155,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIGURES 127–130" captionStartId="34.[151,262,1962,1986]" captionTargetBox="[151,1319,426,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-118@34.[151,1319,426,1938]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 127–130. Phaeoxantha (P.) tremolerasi (W. Horn), syntypes, Uruguay, Salta province (SDEI). 127–128—habitus: 127—♂, 11.8 mm; 128—♀, 11.6 mm; 129—labels of the male ST; 130—elytron, ♀. Bars = 1 mm. Image credit Kevin Weissing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376642" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376642/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 130</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFE8FFC5FB7691DC3B919898" box="[1167,1267,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIGURES 138–141" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1952,1976]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,433,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-169@36.[151,1432,418,1910]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 138–141. Phaeoxantha (P.) tremolerasi (W. Horn), from Argentinean province of Entre Rios (CCJM). 138—prono- tum, ♂; 139–141—elytron: 139—♂; 140—ditto, detail of surface; 141—♀. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376646/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">139–141</figureCitation>
|
||
) and outer elytral margins lack any serrulation (which is present in other species of the nominotypical subgenus).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFE8FFC5FB1691B13AFE98A4" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1263,1436,1240,1267]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Phaeoxantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruciata" subGenus="Phaeoxantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFE8FFC5FB1691B13A6298A4" box="[1263,1280,1241,1266]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFE8FFC5FAEE91B13A4A98A4" box="[1303,1320,1241,1266]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFE8FFC5FAC691B13AFE98A4" box="[1343,1436,1241,1266]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">cruciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFE8FFC5FF3E91953FBA9940" box="[199,216,1277,1302]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFE8FFC5FF1691953E629940" box="[239,256,1277,1302]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P</emphasis>
|
||
.).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFE8FFC5FEE791943EEE9940" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[286,396,1276,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFE8FFC5FEE791943EEE9940" box="[286,396,1276,1302]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">bifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
immediately differ in their much larger size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3116509FFE8FFC5FF3E90483BD79BC8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFE8FFC5FF3E90483EB99A90" blockId="14.[151,1437,1132,1951]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFE8FFC5FF3E90483E56996C" bold="true" box="[199,308,1312,1338]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFE8FFC5FEBA90483E97996C" author="Naviaux, R." box="[323,501,1312,1338]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="511 - 515" refId="ref34236" refString="Naviaux, R. (2008) Phaeoxantha laminata (Perty) et P. nocturna (Dejean), deux especes bien distinctes sous le nom P. limata (Perty) (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae). Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 113 (4), 511 - 515. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 2008.3049" type="journal article" year="2008">Naviaux (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
supposed that no type specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFE8FFC5FC7790483A51996C" authority="Dejean, 1831" authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1831" box="[910,1331,1312,1338]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFE8FFC5FC7790483BF6996C" box="[910,1172,1312,1338]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Megacephala nocturna</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFE8FFC5FB6590483A51996C" author="Dejean, P. M. F. A." box="[1180,1331,1312,1338]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref32547" refString="Dejean, P. M. F. A. (1831) Species general des Coleopteres, de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Tome cinquieme. Mequignon - Marvis, Paris, viii + 883 pp." type="book" year="1831">Dejean, 1831</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was preserved. However,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFE8FFC5FE9F902D3D459908" box="[358,551,1348,1375]" count="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">seven specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, obviously
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFE8FFC5FD55902D3C6C9909" box="[684,782,1349,1375]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of this taxon, were found in MNHN recently,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFE8FFC5FAD1902D3AFE9908" box="[1320,1436,1348,1375]" count="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
|
||
presented here, one of them designated as a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFE8FFC5FD7590003D9199D4" box="[652,755,1384,1410]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFE8FFC5FCFB90003C3499D4" box="[770,854,1384,1410]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–17" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,194,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-30@10.[151,1436,181,1746]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 13–17. Phaeoxantha (P.) nocturna (Dejean). 13–14—habitus: 13—♂, 9.1 mm, PLT (MNHN); 14—♂, 9.3 mm, LT (MNHN); 15—original labels (by Dejean) of PLT; 16—buccal appendages, ♂, LT; 17—original labels of LT. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376592/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
), the other as a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFE8FFC5FBF290003BC099D4" box="[1035,1186,1384,1410]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFE8FFC5FB4B90003A6799D4" box="[1202,1285,1384,1410]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–17" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,194,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-30@10.[151,1436,181,1746]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 13–17. Phaeoxantha (P.) nocturna (Dejean). 13–14—habitus: 13—♂, 9.1 mm, PLT (MNHN); 14—♂, 9.3 mm, LT (MNHN); 15—original labels (by Dejean) of PLT; 16—buccal appendages, ♂, LT; 17—original labels of LT. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376592/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
), the remaining
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DFD0BFFE8FFC5FF3B90E43E3A99F1" box="[194,344,1420,1447]" count="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic" typeStatus="syntype">five syntypes</specimenCount>
|
||
in MNHN becoming
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFE8FFC5FDA990E43D9799F0" box="[592,757,1420,1446]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
. Because Dejean and Chaudoir did not label type specimens with locality or type labels, Rivalier, who arranged the boxes of the General Collection of MNHN in 1970, failed to recognize the specimens as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFE8FFC5FE1490BD3D2D99B9" box="[493,591,1493,1519]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFE8FFC5FD8C90BD3C6299B8" authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1831" box="[629,768,1493,1518]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFE8FFC5FD8C90BD3C6299B8" box="[629,768,1493,1518]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. nocturna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. He shifted the specimens into the newly arranged box and placed them under the label
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFE8FFC5FE1C90903DE69A44" authority="Perty" authorityName="Perty" authorityYear="1830" box="[485,644,1528,1554]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limata">
|
||
“
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFE8FFC5FE0890903D5B9A44" box="[497,569,1528,1554]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">limata</emphasis>
|
||
Perty
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”. Fortunately, most of Dejean’s types are recognizable by a specific shape of pins, and particularly by a small, square plain green label (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFE8FFC5FC7193743B659A60" box="[904,1031,1564,1591]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–17" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,194,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-30@10.[151,1436,181,1746]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 13–17. Phaeoxantha (P.) nocturna (Dejean). 13–14—habitus: 13—♂, 9.1 mm, PLT (MNHN); 14—♂, 9.3 mm, LT (MNHN); 15—original labels (by Dejean) of PLT; 16—buccal appendages, ♂, LT; 17—original labels of LT. Bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376592/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 15, 17</figureCitation>
|
||
) attached to the specimens (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFE8FFC5FF6E93293E059A0C" author="Moravec, J." box="[151,359,1600,1627]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref34053" refString="Moravec, J. (2010) Tiger beetles of the Madagascan Region (Madagascar, Seychelles, Comoros, Mascarenes, and other islands. Taxonomic revision of the 17 genera occurring in the region (Coleopterea: Cicindelidae). Biosfericka rezervace DolnI Morava, o. p. s., Lednice na Morave, 429 pp." type="book" year="2010">Moravec 2010: 18</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFE8FFC5FE8A93283ECC9A0C" author="Moravec, J." box="[371,430,1600,1626]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref34114" refString="Moravec, J. (2018) Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical tiger beetle genera of the subtribe Odontocheilina - Volume 1. Odon- tocheila Laporte de Castelnau, Cenothyla Rivalier and Phyllodroma Lacordaire. (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Biosfericka rezervace DolnI Morava, o. p. s., Lednice na Morave, 623 + 2 pp." type="book" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFE8FFC5FE4093283E949A0C" author="Moravec, J." box="[441,502,1600,1626]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref34176" refString="Moravec, J. (2020) Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical tiger beetle genera of the subtribe Odontocheilina - Volume 2. A complete revision of other twelve genera of the subtribe (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Biosfericka rezervace DolnI Morava, o. p. s., Lednice na Morave, 589 + 1 pp." type="book" year="2020">2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). All these latent
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFE8FFC5FD4193293C789A0D" box="[696,794,1601,1627]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
were subsequently (after the Dejean-Chaudoir collection was accessioned as part of the MNHN collection) labelled by curators with large greenish printed labels “Muséum Paris / Coll. Chaudoir 1874”; fortunately, due to these labels, Rivalier arranged them alongside in the first line of the series in the MNHN box.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB43682FFE8FFC5FF3E93B93BD79BC8" blockId="14.[151,1437,1132,1951]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
For a rather detailed description of this species see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFE8FFC5FCF993B83CC29ABC" author="Dejean, P. M. F. A." box="[768,928,1744,1770]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref32547" refString="Dejean, P. M. F. A. (1831) Species general des Coleopteres, de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Tome cinquieme. Mequignon - Marvis, Paris, viii + 883 pp." type="book" year="1831">Dejean (1831)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and more specified redescription by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFE8FFC5FAC493B83F879B58" author="Naviaux, R." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="511 - 515" refId="ref34236" refString="Naviaux, R. (2008) Phaeoxantha laminata (Perty) et P. nocturna (Dejean), deux especes bien distinctes sous le nom P. limata (Perty) (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae). Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 113 (4), 511 - 515. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 2008.3049" type="journal article" year="2008">Naviaux (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Nevertheless, the male ZSM specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFE8FFC5FD4C939C3C619B58" box="[693,771,1780,1806]" captionStart="FIGURES 32–35" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,193,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[152,1435,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 32–35. Phaeoxantha (P.) nocturna (Dejean), male historical specimen, inappropriately labelled as “holotype” of P. limata Perty, which is unjustified emendation by Perty (1833) (ZSM). 32—habitus, 9.8 mm; 33—its labels; 34—elytron; 35—pronotum. Bars = 1 mm. Image credit Michael Balke." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376598/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig 32</figureCitation>
|
||
), wrongly labelled as a “
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B08820FFE8FFC5FBE5939C3BE39B58" box="[1052,1153,1780,1806]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B4D01FFE8FFC5FB51939C3AF29B58" authorityName="Perty" authorityYear="1830" box="[1192,1424,1780,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Megacephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FEA90FFE8FFC5FB51939C3AF29B58" box="[1192,1424,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Megacephala limata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” was inappropriately considered by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A4B73FFE8FFC5FDD992703DB39B64" author="Naviaux, R." box="[544,721,1816,1842]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="511 - 515" refId="ref34236" refString="Naviaux, R. (2008) Phaeoxantha laminata (Perty) et P. nocturna (Dejean), deux especes bien distinctes sous le nom P. limata (Perty) (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae). Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 113 (4), 511 - 515. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 2008.3049" type="journal article" year="2008">Naviaux (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as a juvenile adult. It cannot be true also due to the well-developed aedeagus (obvious in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13302A07FFE8FFC5FE3192543D7A9B00" box="[456,536,1852,1878]" captionStart="FIGURES 32–35" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1857,1881]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,193,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[152,1435,181,1833]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 32–35. Phaeoxantha (P.) nocturna (Dejean), male historical specimen, inappropriately labelled as “holotype” of P. limata Perty, which is unjustified emendation by Perty (1833) (ZSM). 32—habitus, 9.8 mm; 33—its labels; 34—elytron; 35—pronotum. Bars = 1 mm. Image credit Michael Balke." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10376598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10376598/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
|
||
near right protarsus) and elytral black areas of the male, because juvenile adults (also examined) are entirely pale-translucent, with only indicated ochre-brownish darkened posterior area, and their aedeagi are translucent and deformed due to their more or less distinctly collapsed membrane.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |