treatments-xml/data/B2/76/DC/B276DC1EFFADFFF7FF0DFA36FA9404E8.xml

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<mods:title id="F9589018A00AAEA7CABF581117F22ED1">An update to the taxonomy of the genus Macroderes Westwood 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with descriptions of new species from South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F0B348836D5C6924DFE911C430BE548B">Deschodt, Christian M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="411EDDCE6B8DDBCF974CF0393842E5C0">Scholtz, Clarke H.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="3A606D08FFADFFE9FF0DFA36FDC600A5" blockId="15.[151,532,1478,1538]" box="[151,532,1478,1504]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">
<heading id="6128DA64FFADFFE9FF0DFA36FDC600A5" bold="true" box="[151,532,1478,1504]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFADFFE9FF0DFA36FDC600A5" ID-CoL="3X4TN" authority="Kirby, 1818" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1818" box="[151,532,1478,1504]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFADFFE9FF0DFA36FDC600A5" bold="true" box="[151,532,1478,1504]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFADFFE9FF0DFA36FEA800A5" bold="true" box="[151,378,1478,1504]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">Macroderes greeni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5E4E10F9FFADFFE9FE1BFA36FDC600A5" author="Kirby, W." box="[385,532,1478,1504]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" pagination="375 - 453" refId="ref21809" refString="Kirby, W. (1818) A century of insects, including several new genera described from his cabinet. Transactions of Linnean Society of London, 12, 375 - 453. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1817. tb 00239. x" type="journal article" year="1818">Kirby, 1818</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="3A606D08FFADFFE9FF0DFA19FE530347" blockId="15.[151,532,1478,1538]" box="[151,385,1513,1538]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">
(
<figureCitation id="A2E4718DFFADFFE9FF05FA19FF2E0347" box="[159,252,1513,1538]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–10" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1812,1835]" captionTargetBox="[330,1235,720,1729]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[319,1279,700,1780]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7–10. Habitus of Macroderes species. 7, M. fornicatus Sharp, 1880; 8, M. foveatus Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 9, M. bias (Olivier, 1789); 10, M. greeni (Kirby, 1818)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606170/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E4718DFFADFFE9FE92FA1AFEF40347" box="[264,294,1514,1538]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–45" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1736,1759]" captionTargetBox="[306,1266,609,1690]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[306,1266,609,1690]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 40–45. Pronotum of Macroderes species. 40, M. foveatus Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 41, M. cornutus Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 42, M. namakwanus Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 43, M. politulus Preudhomme de Borre, 1880; 44, M. greeni (Kirby, 1818); 45, M. endroedyi Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606180/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">44</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E4718DFFADFFE9FEA8FA19FE830347" box="[306,337,1513,1538]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–63" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1848,1871]" captionTargetBox="[165,1430,411,1834]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[165,1430,411,1835]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 58–63. Punctuation of the base of pronotum of Macroderes species. 58, M. greeni (Kirby, 1818); 59, M. arrowi Janssens, 1939; 60, M. bias (Olivier, 1789); 61, M. namakwanus Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 62, M. endroedyi Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 63, M. politulus Preudhomme de Borre, 1880." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606188/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">58</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E4718DFFADFFE9FEC7FA1AFEA80347" box="[349,378,1514,1538]" captionStart="FIGURES 88–93" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1292,1315]" captionTargetBox="[316,1276,183,1264]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[316,1276,183,1264]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 88–93. Pronotum punctures shape (88, 89) and sculpture of second elytra intervals (90–93) of Macroderes species. 88, M. soleiana Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 89, M. tourtosus Abdalla and Scholtz, new species; 90, M. minutus Frolov and Scholtz, 2005; 91, M. greeni (Kirby, 1818); 92, M. politulus Preudhomme de Borre, 1880; 93, M. gifboomi Abdalla &amp; Scholtz, new species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606202/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">91</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A606D08FFADFFE9FF0DF9C1FD8F03C1" blockId="15.[151,1435,1585,1668]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1ACF4A26FFADFFE9FF0DF9C1FD8F03C1" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFADFFE9FF0DF9C1FDC90302" ID-CoL="49NTG" authority="Kirby, 1818: 397" authorityName="Kirby" authorityPageNumber="397" authorityYear="1818" box="[151,539,1585,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFADFFE9FF0DF9C1FEB70302" box="[151,357,1585,1607]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">Onthophagus greeni</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="BB7E4B19FFADFFE9FEF6F9C1FDC90302" author="Kirby, W." box="[364,539,1585,1607]" page="397" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" year="1818">
<bibRefCitation id="5E4E10F9FFADFFE9FEF6F9C1FE3A0302" author="Kirby, W." box="[364,488,1585,1607]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" pagination="375 - 453" refId="ref21809" refString="Kirby, W. (1818) A century of insects, including several new genera described from his cabinet. Transactions of Linnean Society of London, 12, 375 - 453. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1817. tb 00239. x" type="journal article" year="1818">Kirby, 1818</bibRefCitation>
: 397
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</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFADFFE9FF0DF9A0FD910323" ID-CoL="3X4TN" authority=": Westwood 1847: 228" authorityName="Westwood" authorityPageNumber="228" authorityYear="1847" box="[151,579,1616,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFADFFE9FF0DF9A0FE850323" box="[151,343,1616,1638]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">Macroderes greeni</emphasis>
: Westwood 1847: 228
</taxonomicName>
; Preudhomme de 
<treatmentCitation id="BB7E4B19FFADFFE9FD64F9A1FC420323" author="Preudhomme De Borre, A." box="[766,912,1616,1638]" page="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" year="1880">
<bibRefCitation id="5E4E10F9FFADFFE9FD64F9A1FCA40323" author="Preudhomme De Borre, A." box="[766,886,1616,1638]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" pagination="7 - 11" refId="ref22206" refString="Preudhomme De Borre, A. (1880) Note sur le genre Macroderes Westwood. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 23, 7 - 11." type="journal article" year="1880">Borre 1880</bibRefCitation>
: 9
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="BB7E4B19FFADFFE9FC07F9A0FBA40323" author="Peringuey, L." box="[925,1142,1616,1638]" page="298" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" year="1901">
<bibRefCitation id="5E4E10F9FFADFFE9FC07F9A0FB930323" author="Peringuey, L." box="[925,1089,1616,1638]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 563" refId="ref22154" refString="Peringuey, L. (1901) Descriptive catalogue of the Coleoptera of South Africa (Lucanidae and Scarabaeidae). Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society, 12 (1), 1 - 563. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8963" type="journal article" year="1901">Péringuey 1901</bibRefCitation>
: 298
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="BB7E4B19FFADFFE9FB18F9A1FAED0323" author="Janssens, A." box="[1154,1343,1616,1638]" page="27" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" year="1939">
<bibRefCitation id="5E4E10F9FFADFFE9FB18F9A1FAC50323" author="Janssens, A." box="[1154,1303,1616,1638]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref21780" refString="Janssens, A. (1939) Coprini. Exploration du Parc National Albert. Mission G. F. de Witte, 29, 1 - 104." type="journal article" year="1939">Janssens 1939</bibRefCitation>
: 27
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="BB7E4B19FFADFFE9FAD1F9A0FEE203C1" author="Ferreira, M." page="320" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" year="1969">
<bibRefCitation id="5E4E10F9FFADFFE9FAD1F9A0FF2F03C1" author="Ferreira, M." pageId="15" pageNumber="56" pagination="5 - 1088" refId="ref21605" refString="Ferreira, M. (1969) Os escarabideos de Africa (Sul do Saara), I. Revista de Entomologia de Mocambique, 11, 5 - 1088." type="journal article" year="1969">Ferreira 1969</bibRefCitation>
: 320
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="BB7E4B19FFADFFE9FEA0F99EFD8B03C1" author="Frolov, A. V. &amp; Scholtz, C. H." box="[314,601,1646,1668]" page="388" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="5E4E10F9FFADFFE9FEA0F99EFDF403C1" author="Frolov, A. V. &amp; Scholtz, C. H." box="[314,550,1646,1668]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" pagination="373 - 393" refId="ref21694" refString="Frolov, A. V. &amp; Scholtz, C. H. (2005) Revision of the southern African genus Macroderes Westwood (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 40 (3 - 4), 373 - 393. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.2004.10697429" type="journal article" year="2005">Frolov &amp; Scholtz 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 388
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A606D08FFADFFE9FF0DF95CFDA10380" blockId="15.[151,1437,1708,2021]" box="[151,627,1708,1733]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFADFFE9FF0DF95CFEE70380" bold="true" box="[151,309,1708,1733]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">
<typeStatus id="E564D3AAFFADFFE9FF0DF95CFF000380" box="[151,210,1708,1733]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="E564D3AAFFADFFE9FEA6F95DFEAD0380" box="[316,383,1709,1733]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">Types</typeStatus>
with no locality data.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFADFFE9FF5DF93FFB3703AD" blockId="15.[151,1437,1708,2021]" box="[199,1253,1743,1768]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFADFFE9FF5DF93FFE3D03AD" bold="true" box="[199,495,1743,1768]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">
<typeStatus id="E564D3AAFFADFFE9FF5DF93FFED003AD" box="[199,258,1743,1768]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">Type</typeStatus>
material examined.
</emphasis>
None. 
<typeStatus id="E564D3AAFFADFFE9FDDAF920FDA503AD" box="[576,631,1744,1768]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">Type</typeStatus>
series is deposited in BMNH (
<bibRefCitation id="5E4E10F9FFADFFE9FC4BF93FFB0B03AD" author="Frolov, A. V. &amp; Scholtz, C. H." box="[977,1241,1743,1768]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" pagination="373 - 393" refId="ref21694" refString="Frolov, A. V. &amp; Scholtz, C. H. (2005) Revision of the southern African genus Macroderes Westwood (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 40 (3 - 4), 373 - 393. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.2004.10697429" type="journal article" year="2005">Frolov &amp; Scholtz 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFADFFF6FF5DF904FE330420" blockId="15.[151,1437,1708,2021]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFADFFE9FF5DF904FDE80248" bold="true" box="[199,570,1780,1805]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="2CD9A681FFADFFE9FDDEF904FDA00249" box="[580,626,1780,1804]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(TMSA): “S.Afr / SW 
<collectingRegion id="F81BA3EAFFADFFE9FC13F904FC110249" box="[905,963,1780,1804]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">Cape</collectingRegion>
Prov / Abrahamskraal farm / 33°.14' S– 18°.09' E // 
<date id="4E614BC8FFADFFE9FE84F8E7FE5C0275" box="[286,398,1815,1840]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" value="1983-08-25">25.8.1983</date>
/ E–Y: 1976 / groundtraps / 70 days / Endrody, Penrith leg // groundtraps with faeces bait // 
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFADFFE9FF0DF8CCFE1A0210" authority="(Kirby)" authorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[151,456,1852,1877]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFADFFE9FF0DF8CCFEB90211" box="[151,363,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">Macroderes greeni</emphasis>
(Kirby)
</taxonomicName>
/ det. A. Frolov / 2003”; 
<specimenCount id="2CD9A681FFADFFE9FD6BF8CCFCE00211" box="[753,818,1852,1876]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(TMSA): “S.Afr / S.W 
<collectingRegion id="F81BA3EAFFADFFE9FBD0F8CCFB560211" box="[1098,1156,1852,1876]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">Cape</collectingRegion>
/ Struisbaai / 34°.46' S– 20°.03' E // 
<date id="4E614BC8FFADFFE9FE86F890FE49023D" box="[284,411,1888,1912]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" value="1983-08-28">28. 8. 1983</date>
// E–Y: 1987 / groundtrap / 60 days / Endrody, Penrith leg // groundtraps with faeces bait // 
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFADFFE9FF0DF874FE1702D8" authority="(Kirby)" authorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[151,453,1924,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFADFFE9FF0DF874FEBB02D9" box="[151,361,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">Macroderes greeni</emphasis>
(Kirby)
</taxonomicName>
/ det. A. Frolov / 2003”; 
<specimenCount id="2CD9A681FFADFFE9FD79F874FCDF02D9" box="[739,781,1924,1948]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="2CD9A681FFADFFE9FCDEF875FC5102D9" box="[836,899,1925,1948]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" type="female">7 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(SANC): “LANGEBAAN / C P / 12 Km / SE / Farm Geelbek / A.L.V. Davis / 
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFADFFE9FE67F858FD500285" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1842" box="[509,642,1960,1984]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFADFFE9FE67F858FD500285" box="[509,642,1960,1984]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">Macroderes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp / det. CSIRO. DBRU // 
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFADFFE9FC27F858FB3C0284" authority="(Kirby)" authorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[957,1262,1960,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFADFFE9FC27F858FB430285" box="[957,1169,1960,1984]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="56">Macroderes greeni</emphasis>
(Kirby)
</taxonomicName>
/ Frolov / det / 2003 but with different dates of collecting: 
<specimenCount id="2CD9A681FFADFFE9FD16F83CFD6202A1" box="[652,688,1996,2020]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
: 
<date id="4E614BC8FFADFFE9FD5AF83CFCEC02A0" box="[704,830,1996,2021]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" value="1979-07-06">6.VII.1979</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="2CD9A681FFADFFE9FCD6F83CFCAA02A1" box="[844,888,1996,2020]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="2CD9A681FFADFFE9FC28F83CFC2402A1" box="[946,1014,1996,2020]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
: 
<date id="4E614BC8FFADFFE9FB9FF83CFB4802A1" box="[1029,1178,1996,2020]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" value="1979-08-13">13.VIII.1979</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="2CD9A681FFADFFE9FB32F83CFB0402A1" box="[1192,1238,1996,2020]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
: 
<date id="4E614BC8FFADFFE9FB7FF83CFA8902A1" box="[1253,1371,1996,2020]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" value="1979-05-23">23.V.1979</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="2CD9A681FFADFFE9FAF3F83CFA4502A1" box="[1385,1431,1996,2020]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
: 
<date id="4E614BC8FFB2FFF6FF0DFF68FEDF05F5" box="[151,269,152,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" value="1979-05-30">30.V.1979</date>
. 
<specimenCount id="2CD9A681FFB2FFF6FE82FF68FE9605EA" box="[280,324,152,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
: 
<date id="4E614BC8FFB2FFF6FECBFF68FE0A05F5" box="[337,472,152,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" value="1979-10-01" valueMax="1979-10-29" valueMin="1979-10-01">1–29. X. 79</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="2CD9A681FFB2FFF6FE7EFF68FDC305EA" box="[484,529,152,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
: 
<date id="4E614BC8FFB2FFF6FD84FF67FD7D05F5" box="[542,687,151,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" value="1979-06-26">26. VI. 1979</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="2CD9A681FFB2FFF6FD20FF68FD2805EA" box="[698,762,152,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="2CD9A681FFB2FFF6FCABFF68FCA205EA" box="[817,880,152,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(SANC): “S.Afr / SW / CP / Modderrivier farm / nr Atlantis / 
<geoCoordinate id="5FEB0BCFFFB2FFF6FEABFF4CFE720591" box="[305,416,188,212]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" precision="925" value="-33.466667">33° 28' S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="5FEB0BCFFFB2FFF6FE31FF4CFDDD0591" box="[427,527,188,212]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" precision="925" value="18.333334">18 20' E</geoCoordinate>
/ 29°. 
<date id="4E614BC8FFB2FFF6FDC3FF4CFD6A0591" box="[601,696,188,212]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" value="1987-06">VI.1987</date>
/ ALV. Davis // ex cattle dung baited / pitfall in Strandveld // 
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFB2FFF6FF0DFF10FE1605BD" authority="(Kirby)" authorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[151,452,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFB2FFF6FF0DFF10FEBB05B2" box="[151,361,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">Macroderes greeni</emphasis>
(Kirby)
</taxonomicName>
/ Frolov / det / 2003”; 
<specimenCount id="2CD9A681FFB2FFF6FD5EFF10FD3F05B2" box="[708,749,224,248]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(SAMC): “ 
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFB2FFF6FCEBFF10FB9105B2" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[881,1091,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFB2FFF6FCEBFF10FB9105B2" box="[881,1091,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">Macroderes greeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
// 
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFB2FFF6FBFAFF10FA5C05BD" authority="(Kirby)" authorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1120,1422,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFB2FFF6FBFAFF10FAE005B2" box="[1120,1330,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">Macroderes greeni</emphasis>
(Kirby)
</taxonomicName>
/ det. Frolov / 2003”; 
<specimenCount id="2CD9A681FFB2FFF6FEE1FEF4FE760459" box="[379,420,260,284]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(SAMC): “Saldanha Bay // 
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFB2FFF6FD7BFEF4FCBD0458" authority="Kirby" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1818" box="[737,879,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">greeni Kirby</taxonomicName>
// 
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFB2FFF6FC16FEF4FB750458" authority="Kirby" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1818" box="[908,1191,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFB2FFF6FC16FEF4FB8C0459" box="[908,1118,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">Macroderes greeni</emphasis>
Kirby
</taxonomicName>
/ det. Frolov / 2003 // SAM—A 043223”; 
<specimenCount id="2CD9A681FFB2FFF6FEE0FED8FE6B047A" box="[378,441,296,320]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
(SAMC): “Mamre-Mamlesburg Rd / 
<date id="4E614BC8FFB2FFF6FCF8FED8FC000405" box="[866,978,296,320]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" value="1938-09">Sep. 1938</date>
// 
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFB2FFF6FC6AFED8FAD90405" authority="Kirby" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1818" box="[1008,1291,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFB2FFF6FC6AFED8FB10047A" box="[1008,1218,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">Macroderes greeni</emphasis>
Kirby
</taxonomicName>
/ det. Frolov / 2003 // SAM-Col-A02321”.
</paragraph>
<caption id="6EA03D80FFB2FFF6FF0DF8C8FD7B02C9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606188/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" startId="16.[151,264,1848,1871]" targetBox="[165,1430,411,1834]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFB2FFF6FF0DF8C8FD7B02C9" blockId="16.[151,1436,1848,1932]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFB2FFF6FF0DF8C8FE84020B" bold="true" box="[151,342,1848,1871]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">FIGURES 58–63.</emphasis>
Punctuation of the base of pronotum of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFB2FFF6FC98F8C9FCA9020A" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1842" box="[770,891,1849,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFB2FFF6FC98F8C9FCA9020A" box="[770,891,1849,1871]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">Macroderes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. 58, 
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFB2FFF6FB99F8CAFB2D020A" authority="(Kirby, 1818)" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1818" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1027,1279,1849,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFB2FFF6FB99F8CAFBB5020A" box="[1027,1127,1850,1871]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">M. greeni</emphasis>
(Kirby, 1818)
</taxonomicName>
; 59, 
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFB2FFF6FAAEF8CAFEE3022B" authority="Janssens, 1939" authorityName="Janssens" authorityYear="1939" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arrowi">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFB2FFF6FAAEF8CAFA4E020A" box="[1332,1436,1850,1871]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">M. arrowi</emphasis>
Janssens, 1939
</taxonomicName>
; 60, 
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFB2FFF6FEF9F8A9FD83022B" authority="(Olivier, 1789)" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1789" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[355,593,1880,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bias">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFB2FFF6FEF9F8A9FE7D022B" box="[355,431,1880,1902]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">M. bias</emphasis>
(Olivier, 1789)
</taxonomicName>
; 61, 
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFB2FFF6FD19F8A9FBF7022B" authority="Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005" authorityName="Frolov &amp; Scholtz" authorityYear="2005" box="[643,1061,1880,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namakwanus">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFB2FFF6FD19F8A9FCFB022B" box="[643,809,1880,1902]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">M. namakwanus</emphasis>
Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005
</taxonomicName>
; 62, 
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFB2FFF6FBCCF8A9FF1F02C9" authority="Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005" authorityName="Frolov &amp; Scholtz" authorityYear="2005" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="endroedyi">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFB2FFF6FBCCF8A9FB0F022B" box="[1110,1245,1880,1902]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">M. endroedyi</emphasis>
Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005
</taxonomicName>
; 63, 
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFB2FFF6FF67F887FD7702C9" authority="Preudhomme de Borre, 1880" authorityName="Preudhomme de Borre" authorityYear="1880" box="[253,677,1910,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="politulus">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFB2FFF6FF67F887FEA502C9" box="[253,375,1910,1932]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">M. politulus</emphasis>
Preudhomme de Borre, 1880
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFB2FFF6FF5DF849FF1802B0" blockId="16.[151,1436,1977,2037]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFB2FFF6FF5DF849FE9E0297" bold="true" box="[199,332,1977,2002]" pageId="16" pageNumber="57">Size range.</emphasis>
Males length: 
<quantity id="FD27C0EDFFB2FFF6FE60F849FD410294" box="[506,659,1977,2002]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06" metricValueMax="1.16" metricValueMin="0.96" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="10.6" valueMax="11.6" valueMin="9.6">9.6–11.6 mm</quantity>
, width: 6.2–8.0 mm; females length: 
<quantity id="FD27C0EDFFB2FFF6FBD9F849FB380294" box="[1091,1258,1977,2001]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.085" metricValueMax="1.14" metricValueMin="1.03" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="10.85" valueMax="11.4" valueMin="10.3">10.3–11.4 mm</quantity>
, width: 
<quantity id="FD27C0EDFFB2FFF6FAD2F849FF1402B0" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.05" metricValueMax="7.8" metricValueMin="6.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="7.05" valueMax="7.8" valueMin="6.3">6.3–7.8 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72C53E83FFB3FFF7FF5DFF67FE980458" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFB3FFF7FF5DFF67FE980458" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFB3FFF7FF5DFF67FE0205F5" bold="true" box="[199,464,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
This species shares the elytral punctuation shape of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFB3FFF7FBADFF69FB7805EA" authorityName="Janssens" authorityYear="1939" box="[1079,1194,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arrowi">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFB3FFF7FBADFF69FB7805EA" box="[1079,1194,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">M. arrowi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFB3FFF7FB26FF69FA9305F5" authorityName="Frolov &amp; Scholtz" authorityYear="2005" box="[1212,1345,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foveatus">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFB3FFF7FB26FF69FA9305F5" box="[1212,1345,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">M. foveatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="FDDF168BFFB3FFF7FAE7FF69FF2B0591" authorityName="Frolov &amp; Scholtz" authorityYear="2005" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Macroderes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornutus">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFB3FFF7FAE7FF69FF2B0591" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">M. cornutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="A2E4718DFFB3FFF7FE92FF4CFE880591" box="[264,346,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 88–93" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1292,1315]" captionTargetBox="[316,1276,183,1264]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[316,1276,183,1264]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 88–93. Pronotum punctures shape (88, 89) and sculpture of second elytra intervals (90–93) of Macroderes species. 88, M. soleiana Abdalla &amp; Deschodt, new species; 89, M. tourtosus Abdalla and Scholtz, new species; 90, M. minutus Frolov and Scholtz, 2005; 91, M. greeni (Kirby, 1818); 92, M. politulus Preudhomme de Borre, 1880; 93, M. gifboomi Abdalla &amp; Scholtz, new species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606202/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Fig. 91</figureCitation>
), however, it can differentiated by the large and rounded punctures of the pronotum (
<figureCitation id="A2E4718DFFB3FFF7FA94FF4CFABE0591" box="[1294,1388,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–45" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1736,1759]" captionTargetBox="[306,1266,609,1690]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[306,1266,609,1690]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 40–45. Pronotum of Macroderes species. 40, M. foveatus Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 41, M. cornutus Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 42, M. namakwanus Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 43, M. politulus Preudhomme de Borre, 1880; 44, M. greeni (Kirby, 1818); 45, M. endroedyi Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606180/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Figs. 44</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E4718DFFB3FFF7FAEDFF4CFA460590" box="[1399,1428,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–63" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1848,1871]" captionTargetBox="[165,1430,411,1834]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[165,1430,411,1835]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 58–63. Punctuation of the base of pronotum of Macroderes species. 58, M. greeni (Kirby, 1818); 59, M. arrowi Janssens, 1939; 60, M. bias (Olivier, 1789); 61, M. namakwanus Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 62, M. endroedyi Frolov &amp; Scholtz, 2005; 63, M. politulus Preudhomme de Borre, 1880." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606188/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">58</figureCitation>
) and from the latter two species by lacking the triangular concavity in the base of the pronotum which characterise the two species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72C53E83FFB3FFF7FF5DFED7FA9404E8" pageId="17" pageNumber="58" type="description">
<paragraph id="3A606D08FFB3FFF7FF5DFED7FA9404E8" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="08ABB11AFFB3FFF7FF5DFED7FE200405" bold="true" box="[199,498,295,320]" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Habitat and distribution.</emphasis>
This species occupies a small range which extends along the south-western coast of 
<collectingCountry id="42C82D98FFB3FFF7FF0DFEBCFEFA0420" box="[151,296,332,357]" name="South Africa" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">South Africa</collectingCountry>
from 
<collectingRegion id="F81BA3EAFFB3FFF7FEEBFEBCFE790421" box="[369,427,332,356]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Cape</collectingRegion>
Agulhas in the southeast and up to Saldanha Bay in the northwest (
<figureCitation id="A2E4718DFFB3FFF7FB5BFEBCFAD50421" box="[1217,1287,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1574,1596]" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distribution map of Macroderes species." pageId="17" pageNumber="58">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). The area is situated within the Southwest Fynbos Bioregion which is considered as the core of Fynbos Biome (
<bibRefCitation id="5E4E10F9FFB3FFF7FABEFE9FFE8404E8" author="Mucina, L. &amp; Rutherford, M. C." pageId="17" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 807" refId="ref21930" refString="Mucina, L. &amp; Rutherford, M. C. (Eds.) (2006) The Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Strelitzia, 19, 1 - 807." type="journal article" year="2006">Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006</bibRefCitation>
). The area is mostly sandstone typified by winter rains and low to very low summer rains.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>