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<document id="203D38CCD79FE82D96677DA4F4EE2D99" ID-CLB-Dataset="9031" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4861.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a15b3af7-16c7-492b-bf7b-d08a36b7f6a2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4416659" ID-ZooBank="8B330C85-5B40-48EF-8C17-48332637C1C9" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609800668329" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Phillips, Gary, Moulton, John K. &amp; Bernard, Ernest C." docDate="2020" docId="8569BD6CFF84127931A91DDAFA5EFB35" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4861.4.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4861 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Heth Cobb 1898" docType="key" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="507" masterDocId="7950C514FF90126C313E1B02FFC3FFDF" masterDocTitle="Heth pivari n. sp. (Nematoda: Ransomnematoidea: Hethidae) from the indigenous North American millipede Narceus gordanus (Spirobolida: Spirobolidae), with keys for worldwide Heth spp." masterLastPageNumber="514" masterPageNumber="486" pageNumber="506" updateTime="1698852234366" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="A26974D574E4E829059B4FB5E8FB18EA">Heth pivari n. sp. (Nematoda: Ransomnematoidea: Hethidae) from the indigenous North American millipede Narceus gordanus (Spirobolida: Spirobolidae), with keys for worldwide Heth spp.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2A75F0DB635B4A255EC4DF446F09DB4A">Phillips, Gary</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="60D809B7DB746C0E717BDBF5A322C66C" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1930-1009</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="D9A18566F6CF0822CA19985E07CAD8C2">Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, 370 Plant Biotechnology Building, 2505 E J Chapman Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996 - 4560 USA. &amp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1930 - 1009</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C31234038B337357D1EED6C22249BC16">Moulton, John K.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B18E026E77678C15C9AFB77ABF80754B" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8760-3274</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="4E8BCC8211BC1F9062CDBFD5FC3CDC3F">Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, 370 Plant Biotechnology Building, 2505 E J Chapman Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996 - 4560 USA. &amp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8760 - 3274</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E5D9A0CF002CC2CE00C3D333DF8562A8">Bernard, Ernest C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7716636B4D8007CAD5A84332BC9F036E" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3359-1516</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="E51E24871CDA4F53E6D299A0617A9DE6">Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, 370 Plant Biotechnology Building, 2505 E J Chapman Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996 - 4560 USA. &amp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3359 - 1516</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="30294A120FD7A56A161CE745C072444C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0108ECBA465011FB319328163B7E5027">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="18AB2F3686461AD4270E0AD4CB48DAD3">2020-10-20</mods:number>
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<treatment id="8569BD6CFF84127931A91DDAFA5EFB35" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4426640" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176440187" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4426640" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8569BD6CFF84127931A91DDAFA5EFB35" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8569BD6CFF84127931A91DDAFA5EFB35" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="507" pageId="20" pageNumber="506">
<subSubSection id="45DA5FF1FF84127831A91DDAFE0CF92D" box="[151,463,1751,1778]" pageId="20" pageNumber="506" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0D7F0C7AFF84127831A91DDAFE0CF92D" blockId="20.[151,463,1751,1778]" box="[151,463,1751,1778]" pageId="20" pageNumber="506">
<heading id="5637BB16FF84127831A91DDAFE0CF92D" bold="true" box="[151,463,1751,1778]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="506" reason="1">
<emphasis id="3FB4D068FF84127831A91DDAFE0CF92D" bold="true" box="[151,463,1751,1778]" pageId="20" pageNumber="506">
Key to group 1
<taxonomicName id="CAC077F9FF84127830671DD5FE56F92D" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1898" box="[345,405,1751,1778]" class="Secernentea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Heth" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oxyurida" pageId="20" pageNumber="506" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3FB4D068FF84127830671DD5FE56F92D" bold="true" box="[345,405,1751,1778]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="506">Heth</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45DA5FF1FF84127931A91C1FFA5EFB35" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="507" pageId="20" pageNumber="506" type="key">
<keyStep id="B63414DFFF84127831A91C1FFA5FF878" pageId="20" pageNumber="506">
<paragraph id="0D7F0C7AFF84127831A91C1FFA5FF890" blockId="20.[151,1437,1821,2019]" pageId="20" pageNumber="506">
<keyLead id="B631AF4FFF84127831A91C1FFA5FF890" pageId="20" pageNumber="506">1. With one continuous cervical collar of spines around circumference of neck, usually with interruption by lateral cervical spines.............................................................................................. 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D7F0C7AFF84127831A91C5AFA5FF878" blockId="20.[151,1437,1821,2019]" pageId="20" pageNumber="506">
<keyLead id="B631AF4FFF84127831A91C5AFA5FF878" pageId="20" pageNumber="506">
- With two continuous cervical collars around circumference of neck; rows of eight similar-sized spines extending from cervical collar to level of esophageal isthmus (
<figureCitation id="95FB10FFFF84127833751C77FD56F854" box="[587,661,1909,1931]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1460,1484]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,483,1404]" captionTargetId="figure-167@19.[151,1436,475,1409]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Worldwide Heth spp., continuous collar and no shield (Group 1). A) H. albertoi (after García &amp; Fontana 2004). B) H. amazonensis (after Kloss 1965). C) H. bifidispiculum (after Adamson 1982). D) H. clunyi (after Adamson 1985). E) H. coyi (after García et al. 1997). F) H.gordae (after Mejía-Madrid 2014). G) H.hexaspinosum (after Chitwood 1935).H) H. hispaniolae (after García et al. 2001). I) H. konoplevi (after Malysheva &amp; Sumaya 2017). J) H. maicuru (after Adamson 1983)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416686/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="506">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
); lateral alae originating from posteriormost cervical spines and ending at base of tail; female length
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<geoCoordinate id="68F46ABDFF84127830A81C90FE0FF877" box="[406,460,1938,1960]" degrees="1,326" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="506" precision="55" value="1.326">1,326</geoCoordinate>
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µm
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..................................................................
<taxonomicName id="CAC077F9FF84127834681C90FA5FF878" authorityName="Garcia" authorityYear="1997" box="[1366,1436,1938,1959]" class="Secernentea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Heth" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oxyurida" pageId="20" pageNumber="506" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="coyi">
<emphasis id="3FB4D068FF84127834681C90FA5FF878" bold="true" box="[1366,1436,1938,1959]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="506">H. coyi</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0D7F0C7AFF84127831A91CADFA5FF83D" blockId="20.[151,1437,1821,2019]" pageId="20" pageNumber="506">
<keyLead id="B631AF4FFF84127831A91CADFA5FF83D" pageId="20" pageNumber="506">
2. Lateral spines absent; cervical collar spines continuous, not interrupted laterally; numerous multi-cusped sensory papillae anterior and posterior to cervical collar (
<figureCitation id="95FB10FFFF84127833701CCFFD5FF83C" box="[590,668,1997,2019]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1460,1484]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,483,1404]" captionTargetId="figure-167@19.[151,1436,475,1409]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Worldwide Heth spp., continuous collar and no shield (Group 1). A) H. albertoi (after García &amp; Fontana 2004). B) H. amazonensis (after Kloss 1965). C) H. bifidispiculum (after Adamson 1982). D) H. clunyi (after Adamson 1985). E) H. coyi (after García et al. 1997). F) H.gordae (after Mejía-Madrid 2014). G) H.hexaspinosum (after Chitwood 1935).H) H. hispaniolae (after García et al. 2001). I) H. konoplevi (after Malysheva &amp; Sumaya 2017). J) H. maicuru (after Adamson 1983)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416686/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="506">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
); length of female
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µm
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..........................
<taxonomicName id="CAC077F9FF841278340C1CCFFA5FF83D" authorityName="Garcia &amp; Fontenla" authorityYear="2004" box="[1330,1436,1996,2018]" class="Secernentea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Heth" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oxyurida" pageId="20" pageNumber="506" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="albertoi">
<emphasis id="3FB4D068FF841278340C1CCFFA5FF83D" bold="true" box="[1330,1436,1996,2018]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="506">H. albertoi</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D7F0C7AFF85127931A91B9AFA5FFF72" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1259]" box="[151,1436,151,173]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
<keyLead id="B631AF4FFF85127931A91B9AFA5FFF72" box="[151,1436,151,173]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">- Lateral spines present; cervical collar interrupted or deeply notched laterally, often by prominent cervical spines.......... 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
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<paragraph id="0D7F0C7AFF85127931A91BB7FA5FFF15" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1259]" box="[151,1436,181,203]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
<keyLead id="B631AF4FFF85127931A91BB7FA5FFF15" box="[151,1436,181,203]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">3. One or two pairs of lateral spines present, posterior lateral spines sometimes single................................. 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D7F0C7AFF85127931A91BD1FA5FFF37" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1259]" box="[151,1436,210,232]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
<keyLead id="B631AF4FFF85127931A91BD1FA5FFF37" box="[151,1436,210,232]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">- Numerous lateral spines (&gt;8 pairs) extending half the length of the esophagus; lateral alae wing-like.................. 15</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="B63414DFFF85127931A91BF2FA5FFEFD" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
<paragraph id="0D7F0C7AFF85127931A91BF2FA5FFEDA" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1259]" box="[151,1436,239,261]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
<keyLead id="B631AF4FFF85127931A91BF2FA5FFEDA" box="[151,1436,239,261]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">4. Single posterior lateral spine............................................................................ 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D7F0C7AFF85127931A91A0FFA5FFEFD" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1259]" box="[151,1436,269,291]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
<keyLead id="B631AF4FFF85127931A91A0FFA5FFEFD" box="[151,1436,269,291]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">- Posterior lateral spines paired or absent.................................................................... 7</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="B63414DFFF85127931A91A28FA5FFE82" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
<paragraph id="0D7F0C7AFF85127931A91A28FA5FFE9F" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1259]" box="[151,1436,298,320]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
<keyLead id="B631AF4FFF85127931A91A28FA5FFE9F" box="[151,1436,298,320]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
5. Cervical collar interrupted laterally (
<figureCitation id="95FB10FFFF851279337F1A28FD58FE9F" box="[577,667,298,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1224,1248]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,372,1167]" captionTargetId="figure-105@20.[151,1436,368,1172]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Worldwide Heth spp. Group 1 (continued). A) H. mauriesi (after Adamson 1982). B) H. perarmatum (after Dollfus 1952). C, D) H. pinnatum, head end and neck region (after García &amp; Coy 1995). E) H. spinosum (after Adamson 1983). F) H. xarochae (after Mejía-Madrid 2014). G) H. zeuglocantha (after Hunt 1994)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416688/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">Fig. 10G</figureCitation>
); length of female
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µm
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......................
<taxonomicName id="CAC077F9FF85127935C41A28FA5FFE9F" authorityName="Hunt" authorityYear="1994" box="[1274,1436,298,320]" class="Secernentea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Heth" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oxyurida" pageId="21" pageNumber="507" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="zeuglocantha">
<emphasis id="3FB4D068FF85127935C41A28FA5FFE9F" bold="true" box="[1274,1436,298,320]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">H. zeuglocantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D7F0C7AFF85127931A91A4AFA5FFE82" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1259]" box="[151,1436,327,349]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
<keyLead id="B631AF4FFF85127931A91A4AFA5FFE82" box="[151,1436,327,349]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">- Cervical collar notched or slightly produced laterally as two small, pointed lobes................................... 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="B63414DFFF85127931A91A67FA5FFE47" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
<paragraph id="0D7F0C7AFF85127931A91A67FA5FFEA5" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1259]" box="[151,1436,356,379]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
<keyLead id="B631AF4FFF85127931A91A67FA5FFEA5" box="[151,1436,356,379]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
6. Cervical collar notched (
<figureCitation id="95FB10FFFF85127930F11A67FDD1FEA4" box="[463,530,357,379]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1460,1484]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,483,1404]" captionTargetId="figure-167@19.[151,1436,475,1409]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Worldwide Heth spp., continuous collar and no shield (Group 1). A) H. albertoi (after García &amp; Fontana 2004). B) H. amazonensis (after Kloss 1965). C) H. bifidispiculum (after Adamson 1982). D) H. clunyi (after Adamson 1985). E) H. coyi (after García et al. 1997). F) H.gordae (after Mejía-Madrid 2014). G) H.hexaspinosum (after Chitwood 1935).H) H. hispaniolae (after García et al. 2001). I) H. konoplevi (after Malysheva &amp; Sumaya 2017). J) H. maicuru (after Adamson 1983)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416686/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">Fig. 9I</figureCitation>
); female length
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.......................................
<taxonomicName id="CAC077F9FF85127934201A67FA5FFEA5" authorityName="Malysheva &amp; Sumaya" authorityYear="2017" box="[1310,1436,356,378]" class="Secernentea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Heth" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oxyurida" pageId="21" pageNumber="507" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="konoplevi">
<emphasis id="3FB4D068FF85127934201A67FA5FFEA5" bold="true" box="[1310,1436,356,378]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">H. konoplevi</emphasis>
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- Cervical collar slightly prolonged as two small, pointed lobes (
<figureCitation id="95FB10FFFF85127932031A80FC56FE47" box="[829,917,386,408]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1749,1773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,709,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-878@22.[151,1436,705,1689]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. Worldwide Heth spp., continuous collar with cervical shield (Group 2). A) H. baudini (after Malysheva &amp; Cribb 2012). B) H. costata (after Hunt 1994). C. H. dimorphum (after Chitwood 1935). D) H. hamatus (after Bowie 1985). E) H. impalutiensis (after Malysheva et al. 2012). F) H. insularis (after Kloss 1965). G) H. initiensis (after Malysheva &amp; Sumaya 2017). H) H. juli (after Cobb 1898). I) H. orthopori (after Adamson 1987). J) H. ortonwilliamsi (after Hunt 1994). K) H. sutherlandi (after Hunt 1994). L) H. taybaci (after Malysheva &amp; Spiridonov 2010). M) H. taynguyeni (after Malysheva &amp; Spiridonov 2010)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416691/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
); females
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μm long.......
<taxonomicName id="CAC077F9FF85127934161A80FA5FFE47" authorityName="Bowie" authorityYear="1985" box="[1320,1436,386,408]" class="Secernentea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Heth" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oxyurida" pageId="21" pageNumber="507" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hamatus">
<emphasis id="3FB4D068FF85127934161A80FA5FFE47" bold="true" box="[1320,1436,386,408]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">H. hamatus</emphasis>
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<keyLead id="B631AF4FFF85127931A91AA2FA5FFE6A" box="[151,1436,415,437]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">7. Lateral spine pairs broad, outer edges coarsely toothed....................................................... 8</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="B631AF4FFF85127931A91ABFFA5FFE0D" box="[151,1436,445,467]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">- Lateral spine pairs slender, outer edges smooth............................................................. 9</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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8. Cervical collar with about 92 spines; two broad, strongly serrated pairs of lateral spines, their length and width about equal; length of female
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(
<figureCitation id="95FB10FFFF851279330F1AF5FDBBFDD1" box="[561,632,503,526]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1460,1484]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,483,1404]" captionTargetId="figure-167@19.[151,1436,475,1409]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Worldwide Heth spp., continuous collar and no shield (Group 1). A) H. albertoi (after García &amp; Fontana 2004). B) H. amazonensis (after Kloss 1965). C) H. bifidispiculum (after Adamson 1982). D) H. clunyi (after Adamson 1985). E) H. coyi (after García et al. 1997). F) H.gordae (after Mejía-Madrid 2014). G) H.hexaspinosum (after Chitwood 1935).H) H. hispaniolae (after García et al. 2001). I) H. konoplevi (after Malysheva &amp; Sumaya 2017). J) H. maicuru (after Adamson 1983)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416686/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
).........................................................
<taxonomicName id="CAC077F9FF85127934041AFAFA5FFDD2" authorityName="Mejia-Madrid" authorityYear="2014" box="[1338,1436,503,525]" class="Secernentea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Heth" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oxyurida" pageId="21" pageNumber="507" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="gordae">
<emphasis id="3FB4D068FF85127934041AFAFA5FFDD2" bold="true" box="[1338,1436,503,525]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">H. gordae</emphasis>
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- Cervical collar with about 60 spines; anterior and posterior lateral spines much wider than long, posterior spines nearly encircling the body; female length
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(
<figureCitation id="95FB10FFFF85127933A51930FD2CFD97" box="[667,751,562,584]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1224,1248]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,372,1167]" captionTargetId="figure-105@20.[151,1436,368,1172]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Worldwide Heth spp. Group 1 (continued). A) H. mauriesi (after Adamson 1982). B) H. perarmatum (after Dollfus 1952). C, D) H. pinnatum, head end and neck region (after García &amp; Coy 1995). E) H. spinosum (after Adamson 1983). F) H. xarochae (after Mejía-Madrid 2014). G) H. zeuglocantha (after Hunt 1994)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416688/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">Fig. 10F</figureCitation>
).............................................
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<emphasis id="3FB4D068FF851279341C1930FA5FFD97" bold="true" box="[1314,1436,562,584]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">H. xarochae</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="0D7F0C7AFF85127931A91952FA5FFD5D" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1259]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
<keyLead id="B631AF4FFF85127931A91952FA5FFD5D" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
9. With continuous anterior and posterior series of discontinuous spines around the circumference of the esophageal region (
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); length of female
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...........................................................
<taxonomicName id="CAC077F9FF8512793414196FFA5FFD5D" authorityName="Kloss" authorityYear="1961" box="[1322,1436,621,642]" class="Secernentea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Heth" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oxyurida" pageId="21" pageNumber="507" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="maicuru">
<emphasis id="3FB4D068FF8512793414196FFA5FFD5D" bold="true" box="[1322,1436,621,642]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">H. maicuru</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D7F0C7AFF85127931A91989FA5FFD40" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1259]" box="[151,1436,650,672]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
<keyLead id="B631AF4FFF85127931A91989FA5FFD40" box="[151,1436,650,672]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">- Post-collar spines confined to lateral region............................................................... 10</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0D7F0C7AFF85127931A919AAFA5EFD05" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1259]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
<keyLead id="B631AF4FFF85127931A919AAFA5EFD05" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
10. Cervical collar densely serrated and expanded away from body; posterior spines apparently absent; length of female
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(
<figureCitation id="95FB10FFFF851279307519C7FE54FD04" box="[331,407,709,731]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1460,1484]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,483,1404]" captionTargetId="figure-167@19.[151,1436,475,1409]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Worldwide Heth spp., continuous collar and no shield (Group 1). A) H. albertoi (after García &amp; Fontana 2004). B) H. amazonensis (after Kloss 1965). C) H. bifidispiculum (after Adamson 1982). D) H. clunyi (after Adamson 1985). E) H. coyi (after García et al. 1997). F) H.gordae (after Mejía-Madrid 2014). G) H.hexaspinosum (after Chitwood 1935).H) H. hispaniolae (after García et al. 2001). I) H. konoplevi (after Malysheva &amp; Sumaya 2017). J) H. maicuru (after Adamson 1983)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416686/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">Fig. 9G</figureCitation>
).......................................................................
<taxonomicName id="CAC077F9FF85127935D119C7FA5EFD05" authorityName="Chitwood" authorityYear="1935" box="[1263,1437,708,730]" class="Secernentea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Heth" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oxyurida" pageId="21" pageNumber="507" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hexaspinosum">
<emphasis id="3FB4D068FF85127935D119C7FA5EFD05" bold="true" box="[1263,1437,708,730]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">H. hexaspinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D7F0C7AFF85127931A919E1FA5FFD28" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1259]" box="[151,1436,738,760]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
<keyLead id="B631AF4FFF85127931A919E1FA5FFD28" box="[151,1436,738,760]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">- Cervical collar not expanded away from body; posterior lateral spines present.................................... 11</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0D7F0C7AFF85127931A91802FA5FFCCA" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1259]" box="[151,1436,767,789]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
<keyLead id="B631AF4FFF85127931A91802FA5FFCCA" box="[151,1436,767,789]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">11. Large multi-cusped papillae (2–4 per side) only present anterior to cervical collar................................. 12</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D7F0C7AFF85127931A9181FFA5FFCED" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1259]" box="[151,1436,797,819]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
<keyLead id="B631AF4FFF85127931A9181FFA5FFCED" box="[151,1436,797,819]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">- Papillae present both anteriorly and posteriorly to cervical collar; with transverse rows of small spines in cervical folds... 13</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
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<paragraph id="0D7F0C7AFF85127931A91838FA5EFCB2" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1259]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
<keyLead id="B631AF4FFF85127931A91838FA5EFCB2" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
12. Cervical, anterior and posterior lateral spines narrow, about equal in size (
<figureCitation id="95FB10FFFF85127932991838FC3DFC8F" box="[935,1022,826,848]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1224,1248]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,372,1167]" captionTargetId="figure-105@20.[151,1436,368,1172]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Worldwide Heth spp. Group 1 (continued). A) H. mauriesi (after Adamson 1982). B) H. perarmatum (after Dollfus 1952). C, D) H. pinnatum, head end and neck region (after García &amp; Coy 1995). E) H. spinosum (after Adamson 1983). F) H. xarochae (after Mejía-Madrid 2014). G) H. zeuglocantha (after Hunt 1994)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416688/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
); length of
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................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="CAC077F9FF851279343D185AFA5EFCB2" authorityName="Dollfus" authorityYear="1952" box="[1283,1437,856,877]" class="Secernentea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Heth" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oxyurida" pageId="21" pageNumber="507" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="perarmatum">
<emphasis id="3FB4D068FF851279343D185AFA5EFCB2" bold="true" box="[1283,1437,856,877]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">H. perarmatum</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D7F0C7AFF85127931A91877FA5EFC78" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1259]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
<keyLead id="B631AF4FFF85127931A91877FA5EFC78" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
- Cervical, anterior and posterior lateral spines progressively larger, broader and overlapping one another (
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); lateral winglike alae extending from posterior region of esophagus to anus; female length
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..........
<taxonomicName id="CAC077F9FF85127935C11890FA5EFC78" authorityName="Kloss" authorityYear="1965" box="[1279,1437,914,935]" class="Secernentea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Heth" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oxyurida" pageId="21" pageNumber="507" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="amazonensis">
<emphasis id="3FB4D068FF85127935C11890FA5EFC78" bold="true" box="[1279,1437,914,935]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">H. amazonensis</emphasis>
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13. Collar interrupted by long, slender cervical spines nearly reaching base of anterior lateral spines; anterior and posterior lateral spines long and slender (
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); female length
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<geoCoordinate id="68F46ABDFF85127933FF18CFFD34FC3C" box="[705,759,973,995]" degrees="1,610" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="507" precision="55" value="1.61">1,610</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="68F46ABDFF85127933C918CFFCFAFC3C" box="[759,825,973,995]" degrees="1,990" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="507" precision="55" value="-1.99">–1,990</geoCoordinate>
µm
</quantity>
....................................
<taxonomicName id="CAC077F9FF851279342118CFFA5EFC3D" authorityName="Artigas" authorityYear="1929" box="[1311,1437,973,994]" class="Secernentea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Heth" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oxyurida" pageId="21" pageNumber="507" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="spinosum">
<emphasis id="3FB4D068FF851279342118CFFA5EFC3D" bold="true" box="[1311,1437,973,994]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">H. spinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D7F0C7AFF85127931A918E9FA5FFC20" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1259]" box="[151,1436,1002,1024]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
<keyLead id="B631AF4FFF85127931A918E9FA5FFC20" box="[151,1436,1002,1024]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">- Cervical collar interrupted by larger lateral spines not reaching base of anterior lateral spines........................ 14</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="B63414DFFF85127931A91F0AFA5FFBE4" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
<paragraph id="0D7F0C7AFF85127931A91F0AFA5EFBC3" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1259]" box="[151,1437,1031,1054]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
<keyLead id="B631AF4FFF85127931A91F0AFA5EFBC3" box="[151,1437,1031,1054]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
14. Anterior and posterior spine pairs not sharing common bases (
<figureCitation id="95FB10FFFF85127932091F05FCBAFBC2" box="[823,889,1031,1053]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1323,1347]" captionTargetBox="[166,1425,424,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-129@6.[161,1425,417,1300]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Heth mauriesi female, terminology used to describe the anterior ornamentation of Heth spp. A) Drawings of H. mauriesi from Adamson (1982), courtesy of Dr. Martin Adamson. B) SEM of H. mauriesi, previously unpublished image courtesy of Dr. Ramon Carreno. Scale bars 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416663" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416663/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="95FB10FFFF85127932BB1F0AFC71FBC1" box="[901,946,1032,1054]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1224,1248]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,372,1167]" captionTargetId="figure-105@20.[151,1436,368,1172]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Worldwide Heth spp. Group 1 (continued). A) H. mauriesi (after Adamson 1982). B) H. perarmatum (after Dollfus 1952). C, D) H. pinnatum, head end and neck region (after García &amp; Coy 1995). E) H. spinosum (after Adamson 1983). F) H. xarochae (after Mejía-Madrid 2014). G) H. zeuglocantha (after Hunt 1994)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416688/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">10A</figureCitation>
); female length
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<geoCoordinate id="68F46ABDFF85127935721F05FB41FBC2" box="[1100,1154,1031,1053]" degrees="1,750" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="507" precision="55" value="1.75">1,750</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="68F46ABDFF85127935BC1F05FB06FBC2" box="[1154,1221,1031,1053]" degrees="1,830" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="507" precision="55" value="-1.83">–1,830</geoCoordinate>
µm
</quantity>
....
<taxonomicName id="CAC077F9FF85127934191F0AFA5EFBC3" box="[1319,1437,1031,1053]" class="Secernentea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Heth" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oxyurida" pageId="21" pageNumber="507" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mauriesi">
<emphasis id="3FB4D068FF85127934191F0AFA5EFBC3" bold="true" box="[1319,1437,1031,1053]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">H. mauriesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D7F0C7AFF85127931A31F27FA5FFBE4" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1259]" box="[157,1436,1061,1083]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
<keyLead id="B631AF4FFF85127931A31F27FA5FFBE4" box="[157,1436,1061,1083]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">- Anterior and posterior spine pairs with common bases....................................................... 15</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="B63414DFFF85127931A91F40FA5EFBAA" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
<paragraph id="0D7F0C7AFF85127931A91F40FA5FFB87" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1259]" box="[151,1436,1090,1112]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
<keyLead id="B631AF4FFF85127931A91F40FA5FFB87" box="[151,1436,1090,1112]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
15. Anterior lateral spines not reaching base of posterior spines (
<figureCitation id="95FB10FFFF85127932141F40FCB4FB87" box="[810,887,1090,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1460,1484]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,483,1404]" captionTargetId="figure-167@19.[151,1436,475,1409]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Worldwide Heth spp., continuous collar and no shield (Group 1). A) H. albertoi (after García &amp; Fontana 2004). B) H. amazonensis (after Kloss 1965). C) H. bifidispiculum (after Adamson 1982). D) H. clunyi (after Adamson 1985). E) H. coyi (after García et al. 1997). F) H.gordae (after Mejía-Madrid 2014). G) H.hexaspinosum (after Chitwood 1935).H) H. hispaniolae (after García et al. 2001). I) H. konoplevi (after Malysheva &amp; Sumaya 2017). J) H. maicuru (after Adamson 1983)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416686/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
); female length
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<geoCoordinate id="68F46ABDFF85127935761F40FB49FB87" box="[1096,1162,1090,1112]" degrees="3,090" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="507" precision="55" value="-3.09">–3,090</geoCoordinate>
µm
</quantity>
...........
<taxonomicName id="CAC077F9FF851279347E1F40FA5FFB87" authorityName="Adamson" authorityYear="1985" box="[1344,1436,1090,1112]" class="Secernentea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Heth" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oxyurida" pageId="21" pageNumber="507" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="clunyi">
<emphasis id="3FB4D068FF851279347E1F40FA5FFB87" bold="true" box="[1344,1436,1090,1112]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">H. clunyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D7F0C7AFF85127931A91F62FA5EFBAA" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1259]" box="[151,1437,1119,1142]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
<keyLead id="B631AF4FFF85127931A91F62FA5EFBAA" box="[151,1437,1119,1142]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
- Anterior pair of lateral spines overlapping base of posterior pair; (
<figureCitation id="95FB10FFFF85127932641F5DFC65FBA9" box="[858,934,1119,1142]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1460,1484]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,483,1404]" captionTargetId="figure-167@19.[151,1436,475,1409]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Worldwide Heth spp., continuous collar and no shield (Group 1). A) H. albertoi (after García &amp; Fontana 2004). B) H. amazonensis (after Kloss 1965). C) H. bifidispiculum (after Adamson 1982). D) H. clunyi (after Adamson 1985). E) H. coyi (after García et al. 1997). F) H.gordae (after Mejía-Madrid 2014). G) H.hexaspinosum (after Chitwood 1935).H) H. hispaniolae (after García et al. 2001). I) H. konoplevi (after Malysheva &amp; Sumaya 2017). J) H. maicuru (after Adamson 1983)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4416686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4416686/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
); female length
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<geoCoordinate id="68F46ABDFF851279357F1F62FBB5FBAA" box="[1089,1142,1120,1141]" degrees="1,880" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="507" precision="55" value="1.88">1,880</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="68F46ABDFF85127935481F62FB7AFBAA" box="[1142,1209,1120,1141]" degrees="2,080" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="507" precision="55" value="-2.08">–2,080</geoCoordinate>
µm
</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="CAC077F9FF85127935D11F62FA5EFBAA" authorityName="Adamson" authorityYear="1982" box="[1263,1437,1119,1141]" class="Secernentea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Heth" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oxyurida" pageId="21" pageNumber="507" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bifidispiculum">
<emphasis id="3FB4D068FF85127935D11F62FA5EFBAA" bold="true" box="[1263,1437,1119,1141]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">H. bifidispiculum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="B63414DFFF85127931A91F7FFA5EFB35" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
<paragraph id="0D7F0C7AFF85127931A91F7FFA5FFB70" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1259]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
<keyLead id="B631AF4FFF85127931A91F7FFA5FFB70" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
16. Prominent spines extending from posterior cervical collar to beginning of lateral alae (
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); lateral alae extending from posterior esophagus to tail; length of female
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µm
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........................................
<taxonomicName id="CAC077F9FF85127934201F98FA5FFB70" authorityName="Garcia &amp; Coy" authorityYear="1995" box="[1310,1436,1178,1199]" class="Secernentea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Heth" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oxyurida" pageId="21" pageNumber="507" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pinnatum">
<emphasis id="3FB4D068FF85127934201F98FA5FFB70" bold="true" box="[1310,1436,1178,1199]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">H. pinnatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D7F0C7AFF85127931A91FBAFA5EFB35" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1259]" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
<keyLead id="B631AF4FFF85127931A91FBAFA5EFB35" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">
- Somatic spines extending from cephalic extremity to isthmus with first three spines small and remaining spines long and curved (
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); female length
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......................................................
<taxonomicName id="CAC077F9FF85127934351FD7FA5EFB35" authorityName="Garcia, Coy &amp; Ventosa" authorityYear="2001" box="[1291,1437,1236,1258]" class="Secernentea" family="Thelastomatidae" genus="Heth" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oxyurida" pageId="21" pageNumber="507" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hispaniolae">
<emphasis id="3FB4D068FF85127934351FD7FA5EFB35" bold="true" box="[1291,1437,1236,1258]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="507">H. hispaniolae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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