175 lines
18 KiB
XML
175 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="1A59EF5779CD211B48EBB7881968FE65" ID-CLB-Dataset="36874" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3785.1.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c96b541b-eb52-49ab-909a-30dff52bacd1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="285833" ID-ZooBank="BAC478E8-AA75-4B5A-84C2-72C298EF0426" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460405335057" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Badano, Davide, Acevedo, Fernando & Monserrat, Víctor J." docDate="2014" docId="03A587E5FFF8FFE4FF6EFB892A4BFE72" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03785p094.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3785 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Solter liber Navas 1912" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="93" masterDocId="FF9CFF9DFFFBFFE2FFF9FF922E42FFDF" masterDocTitle="The larvae of Gepus invisus Navás, 1912 and Solter liber Navás, 1912, a comparative description (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="87" pageNumber="90" updateTime="1698299725426" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="2C1D4AF0B6CF6BE29E747FD56DF3821E">The larvae of Gepus invisus Navás, 1912 and Solter liber Navás, 1912, a comparative description (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CDEF6AF2DE2ED3364CB547BC7AB37B0A">Badano, Davide</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="40DEE08F9631E95451F375B2C60297E8">Acevedo, Fernando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4FDB2D40B212FB132E18CCBBA41E208C">Monserrat, Víctor J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="56349A2978085E2DDF5619A363CD9DC3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BAEBC6A105EBECC24442666176E59574">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EAF2096C6D2F7FE0A91D876CAEDDF015">3785</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03A587E5FFF8FFE4FF6EFB892A4BFE72" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6144266" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127667525" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6144266" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A587E5FFF8FFE4FF6EFB892A4BFE72" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A587E5FFF8FFE4FF6EFB892A4BFE72" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
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<subSubSection id="C3166578FFF8FFE1FF6EFB892F0BFB88" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB336F3FFF8FFE1FF6EFB892FF8FBE9" blockId="3.[151,442,1051,1111]" box="[151,442,1051,1078]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
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<heading id="D0FB819FFFF8FFE1FF6EFB892FF8FBE9" bold="true" box="[151,442,1051,1078]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D70FFF8FFE1FF6EFB892FF8FBE9" ID-CoL="4Y879" authority="Navas, 1912" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,442,1051,1078]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Solter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liber">
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<emphasis id="B978EAE1FFF8FFE1FF6EFB892FF8FBE9" bold="true" box="[151,442,1051,1078]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
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<emphasis id="B978EAE1FFF8FFE1FF6EFB892F5FFBEA" bold="true" box="[151,285,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Solter liber</emphasis>
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Navás, 1912
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB336F3FFF8FFE1FF6EFBAC2F0BFB88" blockId="3.[151,442,1051,1111]" box="[151,329,1086,1111]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">(Figs. 2, 6, 7, 8)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3166578FFF8FFE1FF6EFB142DC0FB39" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB336F3FFF8FFE1FF6EFB142DC0FB39" blockId="3.[151,1436,1158,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
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<emphasis id="B978EAE1FFF8FFE1FF6EFB142FDBFB40" bold="true" box="[151,409,1158,1183]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Examined specimens.</emphasis>
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SE
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<collectingCountry id="F31B7663FFF8FFE1FE35FB142C4DFB40" box="[460,527,1158,1183]" name="Spain" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Spain</collectingCountry>
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, Almería: Tabernas desert,
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<quantity id="4CF49B16FFF8FFE1FCB1FB142DD7FB41" box="[840,917,1158,1183]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" unit="m" value="350.0">350 m</quantity>
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:
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<date id="FFB21033FFF8FFE1FC5BFB142A63FB40" box="[930,1057,1158,1183]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" value="2013-06-15">15.VI.2013</date>
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(F. Acevedo and M. A. Dionisio leg.), 1 third instar larva;
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<date id="FFB21033FFF8FFE1FE3FFB392C03FB1C" box="[454,577,1195,1219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" value="2013-07-07">7.VII.2013</date>
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(D. Badano, F. Acevedo and V. J.
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<collectingCountry id="F31B7663FFF8FFE1FC18FB392A16FB1D" box="[993,1108,1195,1218]" name="Montserrat" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Monserrat</collectingCountry>
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leg.), 1 third instar larva, 2 second instar larvae of which one reared to the third instar,
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<specimenCount id="9D0AFD7AFFF8FFE1FCD6FB5D2D3CFB39" box="[815,894,1231,1255]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3166578FFF8FFE4FF3EFB602A4BFE72" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB336F3FFF8FFE1FF3EFB602CD0FAA8" blockId="3.[151,1436,1158,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
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<emphasis id="B978EAE1FFF8FFE1FF3EFB602F1BFAD4" bold="true" box="[199,345,1266,1291]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Description.</emphasis>
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Medium sized larva (Table 1). General coloring (Fig. 2) ochre with darker markings, ventral side of the body very pale, whitish, dorsal side of the head capsule yellowish brown with a median pair of dark brown markings (Fig. 6), clypeo-labrum dark brown, ventral side of the head pale, unmarked except the darker mouthparts (Fig. 7), jaws brown, setae of the body black.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB336F3FFF8FFE1FF3EFA102A21F900" blockId="3.[151,1436,1158,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
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<emphasis id="B978EAE1FFF8FFE1FF3EFA102F46FA44" box="[199,260,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Head</emphasis>
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. Head capsule rectangular in shape, longer than wide (Figs. 6, 7); clypeo-labrum with a deep median incision; antennae long and thin, composed by at least 14 flagellomeres; ocular tubercles small but prominent, black in color. Dorsal side of head capsule covered with black dolichasters. Mandibles slightly longer than the head capsule and comparatively straight (Fig. 6); the median tooth is the largest and it is closer to apical tooth than to the basal tooth, distance between the base of the mandible and the basal tooth comparable to that between the basal and apical teeth; 5–7 pseudo-teeth interspersed with smaller setae between the base of the mandible and the basal tooth, 2–3 pseudo-teeth interspersed with smaller setae between the basal and median teeth, 1 robust seta between the median and apical teeth; dorsal side of mandible covered with short black setae, ventral side of the mandible equipped with short setae both internally than externally to the maxilla, external margin of the mandible equipped with setae longer toward the base; labial palpi covered with black dolichasters (Fig. 7).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB336F3FFF8FFE1FF3EF9782EB0F894" blockId="3.[151,1436,1158,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
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<emphasis id="B978EAE1FFF8FFE1FF3EF9782F62F8DC" box="[199,288,1770,1795]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Thorax.</emphasis>
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Pronotum densely covered with short and robust black dolichasters. Mesothoracic spiracle sessile, dark in color. Mesothorax equipped with prominent setiferous processes of which the anterior pair is pedunculated (Fig. 6).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB336F3FFF8FFE1FF3EF8C52A4EF8B1" blockId="3.[151,1436,1158,2011]" box="[199,1036,1878,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
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<emphasis id="B978EAE1FFF8FFE1FF3EF8C52F41F8B1" box="[199,259,1879,1902]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Legs.</emphasis>
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Pale in color; metathoracic legs equipped with a fringe of long setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB336F3FFF8FFE1FF3EF8E82EB3F804" blockId="3.[151,1436,1158,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
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<emphasis id="B978EAE1FFF8FFE1FF3EF8E82F7AF84C" box="[199,312,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Abdomen.</emphasis>
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Covered with dark setae, longer toward the margins; VIII sternite with extremely small odontoid processes; IX sternite provided with small rastra each bearing 4 digging setae of which the internal pairs are shorter (Fig. 8).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB336F3FFFFFFE6FF6EF8322E8CF80B" blockId="4.[151,1435,1948,2004]" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">
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<emphasis id="B978EAE1FFFFFFE6FF6EF8322F51F86A" bold="true" box="[151,275,1952,1974]" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D70FFFFFFE6FEE2F8322C6AF869" authority="Navas, 1912" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1912" box="[283,552,1952,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Solter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liber">
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<emphasis id="B978EAE1FFFFFFE6FEE2F8322FCCF869" box="[283,398,1952,1974]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">Solter liber</emphasis>
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(Navás, 1912)
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</taxonomicName>
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, 3rd instar larva (
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<collectingCountry id="F31B7663FFFFFFE6FD2DF8322D51F869" box="[724,787,1952,1974]" name="Spain" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">Spain</collectingCountry>
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: Almería, Tabernas). A: dorsal view, B: ventral view, C: lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB336F3FFFEFFE7FF6EF8E52ADAF814" blockId="5.[151,1436,1909,1995]" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">
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<emphasis id="B978EAE1FFFEFFE7FF6EF8E52F78F852" bold="true" box="[151,314,1911,1934]" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">FIGURES 3–8.</emphasis>
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Morphological comparisons between 3rd instar larvae of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D70FFFEFFE7FC8EF8EB2A2CF851" authority="Navas, 1912" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1912" box="[887,1134,1912,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Gepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invisus">
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<emphasis id="B978EAE1FFFEFFE7FC8EF8EB2D9BF851" box="[887,985,1913,1934]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">G. invisus</emphasis>
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(Navás, 1912)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D70FFFEFFE7FB66F8EB2B3DF851" authority="Navas, 1912" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1912" box="[1183,1407,1912,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Solter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liber">
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<emphasis id="B978EAE1FFFEFFE7FB66F8EB2AAAF851" box="[1183,1256,1912,1934]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">S. liber</emphasis>
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(Navás, 1912)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B978EAE1FFFEFFE7FA70F8EA2BD9F852" bold="true" box="[1417,1435,1912,1933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">3.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D70FFFEFFE7FF6EF8052EB8F872" box="[151,250,1943,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Gepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invisus">
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<emphasis id="B978EAE1FFFEFFE7FF6EF8052EB8F872" box="[151,250,1943,1965]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">G. invisus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, dorsal view of the head.
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<emphasis id="B978EAE1FFFEFFE7FDFFF8052C5BF873" bold="true" box="[518,537,1943,1964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">4.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D70FFFEFFE7FDD8F8052CC6F872" box="[545,644,1943,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Gepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invisus">
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<emphasis id="B978EAE1FFFEFFE7FDD8F8052CC6F872" box="[545,644,1943,1965]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">G. invisus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, ventral view of the head.
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<emphasis id="B978EAE1FFFEFFE7FC60F8052DEEF873" bold="true" box="[921,940,1943,1964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">5.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D70FFFEFFE7FC4DF8052A55F872" box="[948,1047,1943,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Gepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invisus">
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<emphasis id="B978EAE1FFFEFFE7FC4DF8052A55F872" box="[948,1047,1943,1965]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">G. invisus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, VIII and IX urites.
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<emphasis id="B978EAE1FFFEFFE7FB15F8052ABDF873" bold="true" box="[1260,1279,1943,1964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">6.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D70FFFEFFE7FAFEF8052B12F873" box="[1287,1360,1942,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Solter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liber">
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<emphasis id="B978EAE1FFFEFFE7FAFEF8052B12F873" box="[1287,1360,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">S. liber</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, dorsal view of the head.
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<emphasis id="B978EAE1FFFEFFE7FEB5F8242F1CF814" bold="true" box="[332,350,1974,1995]" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">7.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D70FFFEFFE7FE9CF8242FEFF814" box="[357,429,1973,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Solter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liber">
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<emphasis id="B978EAE1FFFEFFE7FE9CF8242FEFF814" box="[357,429,1973,1995]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">S. liber</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, ventral view of the head.
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<emphasis id="B978EAE1FFFEFFE7FD42F8272C8FF815" bold="true" box="[699,717,1973,1994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">8.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D70FFFEFFE7FD2DF8242D5EF814" box="[724,796,1973,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Solter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liber">
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<emphasis id="B978EAE1FFFEFFE7FD2DF8242D5EF814" box="[724,796,1973,1995]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">S. liber</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, VIII and IX urites. Scale bar:
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<quantity id="4CF49B16FFFEFFE7FBAFF8272AD6F814" box="[1110,1172,1973,1995]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB336F3FFFDFFE4FF3EFF052FB0FEC3" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis id="B978EAE1FFFDFFE4FF3EFF052FCDFF6F" bold="true" box="[199,399,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">Ecological notes.</emphasis>
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The larvae were collected in the semi-desert of Tabernas, in Almería (south-eastern
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<collectingCountry id="F31B7663FFFDFFE4FAB5FF052BD2FF6F" box="[1356,1424,151,176]" name="Spain" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">Spain</collectingCountry>
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), one of the driest points of Europe, whose landscape is characterized by badlands with limited and sparse vegetation. The larvae were discovered buried in the very fine substratum filling the numerous small cavities which dot the sandstone escarpments.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336F3FFFDFFE4FF3EFEB52A4BFE72" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAE1FFFDFFE4FF3EFEB52FD7FE9F" bold="true" box="[199,405,295,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">Behavioral notes.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D70FFFDFFE4FE65FEB52F9CFE9F" box="[412,478,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Solter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAE1FFFDFFE4FE65FEB52F9CFE9F" box="[412,478,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">Solter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae are ambush predators not building pit traps and able to move both forward and backward; they are also adept climbers. In resting position, the larva remains motionless and completely buried in the substrate with only the eyes emerging; the mandibles are kept open wide at more than 180°. When the larva successfully subdues a prey, the latter is not usually dragged under the surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |