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<document id="CA6D21B5FECF5C2F4D4F134B9BD93902" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.360.3.3" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13702691" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725579518477" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Arabi, Zahra, Ghahremaninejad, Farrokh, Rabeler, Richard K., Sokolova, Irina, Heubl, Günther &amp; Zarre, Shahin" docDate="2018" docId="03A587B4D05843619BBFFA53FDD84819" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.360.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 360 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.360.3.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Dichodon alborzensis Arabi &amp; Zarre 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="230" masterDocId="FF9CFFCCD051436B9B37FFFDFFDE4008" masterDocTitle="On the taxonomic status of the genus Dichodon (Caryophyllaceae: tribe Alsineae): morphological and molecular evidence reassessed" masterLastPageNumber="236" masterPageNumber="220" pageNumber="229" updateTime="1725590656903" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="B8E85F956A1C80DB9DBE0CB5D8D74B4C">On the taxonomic status of the genus Dichodon (Caryophyllaceae: tribe Alsineae): morphological and molecular evidence reassessed</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5DEBED88262D1E8C9C63A00CF1343825">Arabi, Zahra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1B878DB005E1DE436D2B7213B58ADE5F">Ghahremaninejad, Farrokh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4CAD1EBAD7E2F4C74C7B718123D1D691">Rabeler, Richard K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AE35E90E0D0FB8FC769A0FD56E56A65E">Sokolova, Irina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5B9D8968F809E109EE8DFB8D6270663B">Heubl, Günther</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="54CF30723DCA9C835E037F671031143C">Zarre, Shahin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0CDFB75EF7310B998E2B0692331613DA">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2A6901AB157C7CB4B9D40B384B4B3D7F">2018</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C3166529D05843629BBFFA53FCC145C1" box="[136,799,1454,1481]" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB336A2D05843629BBFFA53FCC145C1" blockId="9.[136,799,1454,1481]" box="[136,799,1454,1481]" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">
<heading id="D0FB81CED05843629BBFFA53FCC145C1" box="[136,799,1454,1481]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D21D05843629BBFFA53FDF245C1" ID-CoL="6D4K6" authority="Arabi &amp; Zarre" authorityName="Arabi &amp; Zarre" authorityYear="2018" box="[136,556,1454,1481]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alborzensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05843629BBFFA53FE5C45C1" bold="true" box="[136,386,1454,1481]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">Dichodon alborzensis</emphasis>
Arabi &amp; Zarre
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05843629900FA4DFD5245C1" box="[567,652,1456,1481]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B57CBD05843629900FA4DFD5245C1" box="[567,652,1456,1481]" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13372A27D058436299ADFA4DFD0145C1" box="[666,735,1456,1481]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1932,1953]" captionTargetBox="[183,1403,187,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[183,1404,187,1903]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Representatives of three Dichodon spp. from Iran in different locations. A–B: D. kotschyi in Prov. Azerbaijan, 2450 m; C–D: D. kotschyi in Prov. Mazandaran, 3450 m; E–F: D. alborzensis in Prov. Mazandaran, 4200 m; G–H: D. alborzensis in Prov.Alborz, 2500 m; I–J: D. alborzensis Tehran, 3700 m; K–L: D. persicus in Prov. Hamedan, 2500 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13702693" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13702693/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
: E–J)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3166529D05843629BBFFA2AFF374618" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB336A2D05843629BBFFA2AFF374618" blockId="9.[136,1451,1495,1552]" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05843629BBFFA2AFF6445E4" bold="true" box="[136,186,1495,1516]" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">Type</emphasis>
:—
<collectingCountry id="F31B7632D05843629BE0FA2AFEC845E4" box="[215,278,1495,1516]" name="Iran" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">IRAN</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49C8F840D05843629A15FA2AFEB645E4" box="[290,360,1495,1516]" country="Iran" name="Tehran" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">Tehran</collectingRegion>
: North
<collectingRegion id="49C8F840D05843629A83FA2AFE2745E4" box="[436,505,1495,1516]" country="Iran" name="Tehran" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">Tehran</collectingRegion>
, Touchal mountains,
<quantity id="4CF49B47D058436299F9FA2AFCC245E4" box="[718,796,1495,1516]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="3700.0">3700 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFB21062D0584362981FFA2AFC7245E4" box="[808,940,1495,1516]" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" value="2016-07-15">15 July 2016</date>
,
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D0584362988EFA2AFB8E45E4" box="[953,1104,1495,1516]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">
<collectionCode id="ED1DAE67D0584362988EFA2AFC1745E4" box="[953,969,1495,1516]" country="Switzerland" name="Universität Zürich" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" type="Herbarium">Z</collectionCode>
. Arabi 47422
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54B78800D05843629F57FA2AFB6845E4" box="[1120,1206,1495,1516]" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
TUH-SZ47422!,
<typeStatus id="54B78800D05843629E51FA2AFA7545E4" box="[1382,1451,1495,1516]" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED1DAE67D05843629B8AFA06FF074618" box="[189,217,1531,1552]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3166529D05843629BBFF9BDFC6446CD" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB336A2D05843629BBFF9BDFC6446CD" blockId="9.[136,1452,1600,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05843629BBFF9BDFF254651" bold="true" box="[136,251,1600,1625]" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">Diagnosis</emphasis>
:—
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D21D05843629A28F9BDFDCB4651" box="[287,533,1600,1625]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alborzensis">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05843629A28F9BDFDCB4651" box="[287,533,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">Dichodon alborzensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D21D058436299CBF9BDFCA54651" authorityName="Ikonnikov" authorityYear="1973" baseAuthorityName="Boissier" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[764,891,1600,1625]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persicus">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D058436299CBF9BDFCA54651" box="[764,891,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">D. persicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D21D05843629885F9BDFB8A4651" authorityName="Reichenbach" authorityYear="1842" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1753" box="[946,1108,1600,1625]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerastoides">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05843629885F9BDFB8A4651" box="[946,1108,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">D. cerastoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These two latter species
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D21D05843629E42F9BDFF3A4675" form="separate" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" rank="form">form separate</taxonomicName>
small patches, while
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D21D05843629AF9F999FDB04675" box="[462,622,1636,1661]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alborzensis">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05843629AF9F999FDB04675" box="[462,622,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">D. alborzensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
plants are annual or biennial herbs growing as widely scattered individuals, not occurring in clumps. Moreover,
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D21D05843629910F975FD1546A9" box="[551,715,1672,1697]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alborzensis">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05843629910F975FD1546A9" box="[551,715,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">D. alborzensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D21D05843629852F975FBD746A9" authorityName="Reichenbach" authorityYear="1842" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1753" box="[869,1033,1672,1697]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerastoides">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05843629852F975FBD746A9" box="[869,1033,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">D. cerastoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of sterile shoots and shallowly incised petals which are equal or slightly exceeding the sepals.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3166529D05843629B8AF92DFE724795" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB336A2D05843629B8AF92DFE724795" blockId="9.[136,1452,1600,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05843629B8AF92DFE9946E1" bold="true" box="[189,327,1744,1769]" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">Description</emphasis>
:—Annual or biennial plants, glabrous throughout. Taproots slender with fibrous-like lateral roots attached. Stems with rosette of basal leaves, lower internodes short. Leaves succulent, basal ones spatulate, cauline ones lanceolate. Inflorescence terminal, 3-flowered (rarely 1-flowered), lax. Styles 3(4). Bracts similar to leaves, without scarious margins. Pedicels long and deflexed when fruiting. Petals 5, white, slightly longer than sepals, shallowly notched. Stamens 5 or 10. Capsules cylindrical, with 6(‒8) circinate teeth. Seeds many, ovate,
<quantity id="4CF49B47D05843629E0CF89DFF684795" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="0.875" valueMax="0.95" valueMin="0.8">0.80‒0.95 mm</quantity>
, verrucate on surface.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3166529D05843619B8AF855FDD84819" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="230" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB336A2D05843629B8AF855FE1147ED" blockId="9.[136,1452,1600,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05843629B8AF855FEBA47C9" bold="true" box="[189,356,1960,1985]" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">Etymology:—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D21D05843629A53F855FE2E47C9" box="[356,496,1960,1985]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alborzensis">
“
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05843629A47F855FE2E47C9" box="[368,496,1960,1985]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">alborzensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” came from
<collectingRegion id="49C8F840D058436299B4F855FD0A47C9" box="[643,724,1960,1985]" country="Iran" name="Alborz" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">Alborz</collectingRegion>
, a mountain range in North
<collectingCountry id="F31B7632D05843629F26F855FBE047C9" box="[1041,1086,1960,1985]" name="Iran" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">Iran</collectingCountry>
where the new species has been discovered at three locations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336A2D05B43619B8AFF5DFF1541D1" blockId="10.[136,1452,160,473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05B43619B8AFF5DFE5440B1" bold="true" box="[189,394,160,185]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Taxonomic notes</emphasis>
:—The
<typeStatus id="54B78800D05B43619AD3FF5DFDCA40B1" box="[484,532,160,185]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">type</typeStatus>
specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D21D05B43619981FF5DFC6E40B1" box="[694,944,160,185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alborzensis">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05B43619981FF5DFC6E40B1" box="[694,944,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Dichodon alborzensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected in the Touchal Mountains in North
<collectingRegion id="49C8F840D05B43619BE3FF39FEFB40D5" box="[212,293,196,221]" country="Iran" name="Tehran" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Tehran</collectingRegion>
. Two other populations of this taxon were found at Azadbar and Damavand at about
<quantity id="4CF49B47D05B43619E23FF39FAB240D5" box="[1300,1388,196,221]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" unit="m" value="4200.0">4200 m</quantity>
a.s.l. (
<figureCitation id="13372A27D05B43619BA7FF15FF044109" box="[144,218,232,257]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[136,229,1647,1668]" captionTargetBox="[220,1366,515,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-151@10.[189,1398,491,1600]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Distribution map of Dichodon spp. in Iran. (■) D. alborzensis, (●) D. kotschyi and (▲) D. persicus. Dichodon cerastoides and D. viscidus are widespread in West and North Iran." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13702701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13702701/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). In the Damavand area, we recognized three populations of
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D21D05B4361989AFF15FBC54109" authorityName="Reichenbach, Deut. Bot. Herb." authorityYear="1841" baseAuthorityName="Bartling ex Reichenbach" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[941,1051,232,257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05B4361989AFF15FBC54109" box="[941,1051,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Dichodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
representing three species, i.e.
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D21D05B43619EA7FF15FED6412D" authorityName="Reichenbach" authorityYear="1842" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerastoides">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05B43619EA7FF15FED6412D" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">D. cerastoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D21D05B43619A2FFEF1FE44412D" authorityName="Ikonnikov, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast." authorityYear="1973" baseAuthorityName="Boissier" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[280,410,268,293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kotschyi">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05B43619A2FFEF1FE44412D" box="[280,410,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">D. kotschyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D21D05B43619AE1FEF1FDA5412D" box="[470,635,268,293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alborzensis">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05B43619AE1FEF1FDA5412D" box="[470,635,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">D. alborzensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The annual/biennial plants from higher elevations of Damavand were morphologically different from the annual ones observed at the lower elevation previously determined as
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D21D05B43619E00FECDFDDE4165" authority="Grossheim (1950: 9)" authorityName="Grossheim" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="1950" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Cerastium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schischkinii">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05B43619E00FECDFED24165" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Cerastium schischkinii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B53D05B43619A23FEA9FDDE4165" author="Grossheim, A." box="[276,512,340,365]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" pagination="9 - 10" refId="ref9204" refString="Grossheim, A. (1950) Plantarum species novae et criticae e Caucaso. Botanicheskie Materialy Gerbariya Botanicheskogo Instituta Imeni V. L. Komarova Akademii Nauk SSSR 13: 9 - 10." type="journal article" year="1950">Grossheim (1950: 9)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Our detailed examination of
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D21D05B43619866FEA9FC294165" authorityName="Grossheim" authorityYear="1950" box="[849,1015,340,365]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Cerastium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schischkinii">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05B43619866FEA9FC294165" box="[849,1015,340,365]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">C. schischkinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
confirms major differences between it and
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D21D05B43619B8EFE85FE824199" box="[185,348,376,401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alborzensis">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05B43619B8EFE85FE824199" box="[185,348,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">D. alborzensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The specimens distributed in Azadbar and Damavand by earlier workers (cited in
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B53D05B43619E39FE85FA7D4199" author="Moschl, W." box="[1294,1443,376,401]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" pagination="85 - 108" refId="ref10481" refString="Moschl, W. (1988) Cerastium L. In: Rechinger, K. H. (Ed.) Flora Iranica, vol. 163. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 85 - 108." type="book chapter" year="1988">Möschl 1988</bibRefCitation>
) have been determined as
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D21D05B43619A96FE61FDC541BD" authorityName="Holub" authorityYear="1974" baseAuthorityName="Marschall von Bieberstein" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[417,539,412,437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viscidus">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05B43619A96FE61FDC541BD" box="[417,539,412,437]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">C. viscidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Flora
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D21D05B43619948FE61FCA641BD" authority="(Moschl 1988)" baseAuthorityName="Moschl" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[639,888,412,437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Flora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="iranica">
Iranica (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B53D05B436199ECFE61FCAE41BD" author="Moschl, W." box="[731,880,412,437]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" pagination="85 - 108" refId="ref10481" refString="Moschl, W. (1988) Cerastium L. In: Rechinger, K. H. (Ed.) Flora Iranica, vol. 163. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 85 - 108." type="book chapter" year="1988">Möschl 1988</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
which is inconsistent with the result of the present study.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF73662AD05B43619BBFF992FD4446A0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13702701" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13702701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13702701/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" startId="10.[136,229,1647,1668]" targetBox="[220,1366,515,1588]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB336A2D05B43619BBFF992FD4446A0" blockId="10.[136,1451,1647,1704]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05B43619BBFF992FF21468C" bold="true" box="[136,255,1647,1668]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Distribution map of
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D21D05B43619AFBF992FD84468C" box="[460,602,1647,1668]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dichodon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05B43619AFBF992FDF5468C" box="[460,555,1647,1668]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Dichodon</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
in Iran. (■)
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D21D05B436199E4F992FC80468C" box="[723,862,1647,1668]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alborzensis">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05B436199E4F992FC80468C" box="[723,862,1647,1668]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">D. alborzensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (●)
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D21D05B436198A6F992FC20468C" authorityName="Ikonnikov, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast." authorityYear="1973" baseAuthorityName="Boissier" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[913,1022,1647,1668]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kotschyi">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05B436198A6F992FC20468C" box="[913,1022,1647,1668]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">D. kotschyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and (▲)
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D21D05B43619F6AF992FB15468C" authorityName="Ikonnikov" authorityYear="1973" baseAuthorityName="Boissier" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[1117,1227,1647,1668]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persicus">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05B43619F6AF992FB15468C" box="[1117,1227,1647,1668]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">D. persicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D21D05B43619FEFF992FA75468C" authorityName="Reichenbach" authorityYear="1842" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1753" box="[1240,1451,1647,1668]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerastoides">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05B43619FEFF992FA75468C" box="[1240,1451,1647,1668]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Dichodon cerastoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D21D05B43619B86F96EFEC546A0" authorityName="Holub" authorityYear="1974" baseAuthorityName="Marschall von Bieberstein" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[177,283,1683,1704]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viscidus">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05B43619B86F96EFEC546A0" box="[177,283,1683,1704]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">D. viscidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are widespread in West and North Iran.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB336A2D05B43619B8AF925FA7F4789" blockId="10.[136,1452,1752,2065]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05B43619B8AF925FE7446F9" bold="true" box="[189,426,1752,1777]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Conservation status</emphasis>
:—Few populations (each with less than 100 individuals, two patches in Demavand, and one in each Azadbar and Touchal) of
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D21D05B43619AC1F901FD35471D" box="[502,747,1788,1813]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alborzensis">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05B43619AC1F901FD35471D" box="[502,747,1788,1813]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Dichodon alborzensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were found in meadows close to wet soils in field. We assessed
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D21D05B43619BBFF8DDFEF34731" box="[136,301,1824,1849]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alborzensis">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05B43619BBFF8DDFEF34731" box="[136,301,1824,1849]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">D. alborzensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as endangered (EN) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B53D05B4361991DF8DDFD6A4731" author="IUCN" box="[554,692,1824,1849]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" refId="ref9737" refString="IUCN (2017) The Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2017 - 3. Available from: http: // iucnredlist. org (accessed 26 April 2018)" type="url" year="2017">IUCN 2017</bibRefCitation>
) because the
<collectingRegion id="49C8F840D05B43619866F8DDFBFE4731" box="[849,1056,1824,1849]" country="Iran" name="Alborz" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Alborz Mountains</collectingRegion>
are a popular tourist area close to Iran’s capital (
<collectingRegion id="49C8F840D05B43619A1CF8B9FEA24755" box="[299,380,1860,1885]" country="Iran" name="Tehran" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Tehran</collectingRegion>
) and is often visited by local people on weekends. In addition, the annual precipitation in this area has decreased significantly in the last few years and the area available for wet meadows is shrinking drastically.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336A2D05B43619B8AF871FA9847C1" blockId="10.[136,1452,1752,2065]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
<materialsCitation id="3B643CFFD05B43619B8AF871FEF047C1" collectingDate="2015-07-29" collectionCode="TUH" country="Iran" elevation="4200" location="Damavand mountain" municipality="Polour" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mazandaran" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05B43619B8AF871FEEB47AD" bold="true" box="[189,309,1932,1957]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
<typeStatus id="54B78800D05B43619B8AF871FEEB47AD" box="[189,309,1932,1957]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:—
<collectingCountry id="F31B7632D05B43619A60F871FE7F47AD" box="[343,417,1932,1957]" name="Iran" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">IRAN</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49C8F840D05B43619A99F871FDE347AD" box="[430,573,1932,1957]" country="Iran" name="Mazandaran" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Mazandaran</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD7ACD8D05B4361997EF871FD4847AD" box="[585,662,1932,1957]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Polour</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8ED36079D05B43619994F871FC4C47AD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A587B4D05843619BBFFA53FDD84819:8ED36079D05B43619994F871FC4C47AD" box="[675,914,1932,1957]" country="Iran" municipality="Polour" name="Damavand mountain" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" stateProvince="Mazandaran">Damavand mountain</location>
, southern slopes,
<quantity id="4CF49B47D05B43619F68F871FB6647AD" box="[1119,1208,1932,1957]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" unit="m" value="4200.0">
<elevation id="0021D191D05B43619F68F871FB6647AD" box="[1119,1208,1932,1957]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" unit="m" value="4200.0">4200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFB21062D05B43619FF1F871FA8047AD" box="[1222,1374,1932,1957]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" value="2015-07-29">
<collectingDate id="EFF6E98AD05B43619FF1F871FA8047AD" box="[1222,1374,1932,1957]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" value="2015-07-29">29 July 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05B43619E5BF871FF1047C1" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Arabi 47424</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED1DAE67D05B43619BE9F84DFEFC47C1" box="[222,290,1968,1993]" country="Iran" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13098" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13098" name="Tehran University" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" type="Herbarium">TUH</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B643CFFD05B43619A0EF84DFA9C47C1" box="[313,1346,1968,1993]" collectingDate="2016-07-17" collectionCode="TUH" country="Iran" elevation="2500" location="Azadbar" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mazandaran" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingRegion id="49C8F840D05B43619A0EF84DFE1647C1" box="[313,456,1968,1993]" country="Iran" name="Mazandaran" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Mazandaran</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingRegion id="49C8F840D05B43619AE6F84DFDC147C1" box="[465,543,1968,1993]" country="Iran" name="Alborz" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Alborz</collectingRegion>
mountain range,
<location id="8ED36079D05B436199D6F84DFC9C47C1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A587B4D05843619BBFFA53FDD84819:8ED36079D05B436199D6F84DFC9C47C1" box="[737,834,1968,1993]" country="Iran" name="Azadbar" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" stateProvince="Mazandaran">Azadbar</location>
,
<quantity id="4CF49B47D05B4361987AF84DFC7A47C1" box="[845,932,1968,1993]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" unit="m" value="2500.0">
<elevation id="0021D191D05B4361987AF84DFC7A47C1" box="[845,932,1968,1993]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" unit="m" value="2500.0">2500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFB21062D05B43619887F84DFB9D47C1" box="[944,1091,1968,1993]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" value="2016-07-17">
<collectingDate id="EFF6E98AD05B43619887F84DFB9D47C1" box="[944,1091,1968,1993]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" value="2016-07-17">17 July 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05B43619F62F84DFB3C47C1" box="[1109,1250,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Arabi 47420</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED1DAE67D05B43619FC5F84DFAE847C1" box="[1266,1334,1968,1993]" country="Iran" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13098" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13098" name="Tehran University" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" type="Herbarium">TUH</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336A2D05B43619B8AF829FDD84819" blockId="10.[136,1452,1752,2065]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05B43619B8AF829FE6B47E5" bold="true" box="[189,437,2004,2029]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
New record for
<collectingCountry id="F31B7632D05B43619A40F829FE6E47E5" box="[375,432,2004,2029]" name="Iran" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Iran</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
—
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D21D05B43619AE5F829FD7C47E5" authorityName="Ikonnikov, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast." authorityYear="1973" baseAuthorityName="Boissier" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[466,674,2004,2029]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kotschyi">
<emphasis id="B978EAB0D05B43619AE5F829FD7C47E5" box="[466,674,2004,2029]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Dichodon kotschyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found for the first time in Iran. A description of the species based on the Iranian population follows:
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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