1132 lines
146 KiB
XML
1132 lines
146 KiB
XML
<document id="C744521C7B3A4F7912FE895F29C4204B" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3919.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7c1d3ce0-ca6e-4175-b828-ba4dda58ea36" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="287881" ID-ZooBank="81B81187-EC8F-42B6-BF74-2988A289B4C0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460989762483" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Watiroyram, Santi, Brancelj, Anton & Sanoamuang, La-Orsri" docDate="2015" docId="5A3587EFE035FFA77EEAFD2B10343A4F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03919p099.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3919 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Elaphoidella jaesornensis Watiroyram, Brancelj & Sanoamuang, 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="98" masterDocId="A60CFF97E03CFFB67E7DFFA4156D3C74" masterDocTitle="Two new stygobiotic species of Elaphoidella (Crustacea: Copepoda: Harpacticoida) with comments on geographical distribution and ecology of harpacticoids from caves in Thailand" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="81" pageNumber="90" updateTime="1698561481288" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="E00282B6D918EFD33DE8A3BCB24BD631" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="45DBF204C283333C54EFE9CAF778BC19">
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<mods:title id="8A28CB317539C23C0124A10108E701D7">Two new stygobiotic species of Elaphoidella (Crustacea: Copepoda: Harpacticoida) with comments on geographical distribution and ecology of harpacticoids from caves in Thailand</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="4D2F78F47A7AC0CCB77B917014F5CDCD" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="8152ADE0C610B55B27A4BF1C25BD00F0">
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<mods:roleTerm id="539DABABCFDA86E3AB15398F18B338CD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2F320379F45ABE08D6587BE32AF3C8A3">Watiroyram, Santi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="27FE408381E024DD84BA97371D9ED4B6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9BE4306A9C924A2BAF43DECCEE4CD139">Brancelj, Anton</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="D5AB525AF6191FAD6D33D290F266B44F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BB9BD5EA4508B97A4614B28579A60208">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="42FBC37E0985B7C11FD155AE548E2D78">Sanoamuang, La-Orsri</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BA502BB09DFEFA575ADB2F311988E17F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4D237DBF4DFE25D4851CC17B33E845E8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1869EC884F1F94605D4D65251A60CA92">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="64A0E32C20A4A891A1B65FA7357A020C">3919</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="56F062AB093DBDC5AF17CE9B37140349">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B1A94C533BF9BEC97A80671D13481627" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3919.1.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="5A3587EFE035FFA77EEAFD2B10343A4F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6115438" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127671627" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6115438" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5A3587EFE035FFA77EEAFD2B10343A4F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A3587EFE035FFA77EEAFD2B10343A4F" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
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<subSubSection id="9A866572E035FFBF7EEAFD2B147F3EBF" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D22336F9E035FFBF7EEAFD2B175E3EDE" blockId="9.[151,563,655,715]" box="[151,563,655,682]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
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<heading id="896B8195E035FFBF7EEAFD2B175E3EDE" bold="true" box="[151,563,655,682]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE035FFBF7EEAFD2B175E3EDE" bold="true" box="[151,563,655,682]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
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<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE035FFBF7EEAFD2B14A23EDD" box="[151,463,655,681]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaesornensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE035FFBF7EEAFD2B14A23EDD" bold="true" box="[151,463,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Elaphoidella jaesornensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="FBDB5790E035FFBF7FABFD34175E3EDE" box="[470,563,656,682]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D22336F9E035FFBF7EEAFD16147F3EBF" blockId="9.[151,563,655,715]" box="[151,274,690,715]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
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(
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<figureCitation id="4AA72A7CE035FFBF7EE2FD1615813EBF" box="[159,236,690,715]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Elaphoidella jaesornensis sp. nov., female (holotype): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, dorsal view; C, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, ventral view; D, genital complex; E, anal somite and caudal ramus, lateral view; F, antennule; G, antenna; H, mandible; I, maxillule; J, maxilla; K, maxilliped. Scale bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287885/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
–7)
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="9A866572E035FFBF7EEAFD5E143F3F2F" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="D22336F9E035FFBF7EEAFD5E143F3F2F" blockId="9.[151,1437,762,2020]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
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<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE035FFBF7EEAFD5E147B3F67" bold="true" box="[151,278,762,787]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The new species is named after Jaesorn National Park, the place where it was found for the first time. The name is a noun composed from the name Jaesorn, and the Latin suffix –ensis, denoting a place (meaning: “from Jaesorn”).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9A866572E035FFBF7EBAFCC211CC3964" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E035FFBF7EBAFCC214863809" blockId="9.[151,1437,762,2020]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE035FFBF7EBAFCC2140E3F0B" bold="true" box="[199,355,870,895]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<typeStatus id="0D27885BE035FFBF7EBAFCC2146F3F0B" box="[199,258,870,895]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Tham Phar Ngam cave is located in Jaesorn National Park (Lampang Province, Northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AA8B7669E035FFBF7EEAFC2E146D3FD7" box="[151,256,906,931]" name="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
). The coordinates of the entrance are: 19° 06΄ 39.6˝ N, 99° 34΄ 42.4˝ E,
|
||
<quantity id="15649B1CE035FFBF7A51FC2E11193FD6" box="[1068,1140,906,931]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" unit="m" value="305.0">305 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level. The cave is about
|
||
<quantity id="15649B1CE035FFBF7E82FC0B14513FB3" box="[255,316,942,967]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||
long, represented by a horizontal gallery. For the fauna survey, several small pools filled with dripping water from the ceiling were sampled at about
|
||
<quantity id="15649B1CE035FFBF7C85FC7716523F9E" box="[760,831,979,1003]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
|
||
from the entrance. Some pools were on solid rock and others were on a muddy substrate. Their volume varied between less than 0.5 to
|
||
<specimenCount id="C49AFD70E035FFBF7A67FC531145387B" box="[1050,1064,1015,1039]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" type="generic">2</specimenCount>
|
||
L. Specimens of the new species were found only in the drips forming the small pools on the muddy floor. On
|
||
<date id="A6221039E035FFBF7D87FBBE11C63847" box="[1018,1195,1050,1075]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" value="2009-10-05">5 October 2009</date>
|
||
, water temperature at the nearest pool to the entrance where specimens were selected as
|
||
<typeStatus id="0D27885BE035FFBF7DF0FB9B16D03823" box="[909,957,1087,1111]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens, was 22.7 °C, pH was 8.0, and conductivity was 255
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE035FFBF7FF0FBC214F63809" box="[397,411,1126,1149]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">µ</emphasis>
|
||
S cm −1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E035FFBF7EBAFB2D11CC3964" blockId="9.[151,1437,762,2020]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE035FFBF7EBAFB2D14C138D6" bold="true" box="[199,428,1161,1186]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="0D27885BE035FFBF7FC1FB2D174438D6" box="[444,553,1161,1186]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: adult female, completely dissected and mounted on a slide:
|
||
<collectionCode id="B48DAE3CE035FFBF7A97FB2E103938D5" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[1258,1364,1162,1185]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
2012. 301.
|
||
<typeStatus id="0D27885BE035FFBF7EAEFB0A142938B2" box="[211,324,1198,1222]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
: three females without egg sac (stored in 70% alcohol):
|
||
<collectionCode id="B48DAE3CE035FFBF7DA3FB0A112538B1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[990,1096,1198,1221]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
2012. 302–304; two females without egg sac (stored in 70% alcohol): KKU-COP-2011-005. Additional material, nine females stored in 70% alcohol: KKU-COP-2011-006. All material collected by S. Watiroyram on
|
||
<date id="A6221039E035FFBF7DA2FB5C11F03964" box="[991,1181,1268,1297]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" value="2009-10-05">5th October 2009</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9A866572E035FFBB7EBAFAB814FF3F4C" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E035FFBF7EBAFAB814723B44" blockId="9.[151,1437,762,2020]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE035FFBF7EBAFAB8143C3941" bold="true" box="[199,337,1308,1333]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Female. Body length, measured from anterior margin of rostrum to posterior end of caudal rami, 520–640 µm (mean = 550 µm, n = 5); elongated; cephalothorax wider than rest of body, colourless, naupliar eye absent. Rostrum small. Cephalothorax with three pairs of sensilla and with well-developed dorsal integumental window (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4AA72A7CE035FFBF7F7DFA2C142939D5" box="[256,324,1416,1441]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Elaphoidella jaesornensis sp. nov., female (holotype): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, dorsal view; C, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, ventral view; D, genital complex; E, anal somite and caudal ramus, lateral view; F, antennule; G, antenna; H, mandible; I, maxillule; J, maxilla; K, maxilliped. Scale bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287885/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Posterior margins of thoracic and abdominal somites smooth dorsally. Prosomites with one pair of sensilla each. Genital double-somite wider than long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4AA72A7CE035FFBF7D50FA08161E39B1" box="[813,883,1452,1477]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Elaphoidella jaesornensis sp. nov., female (holotype): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, dorsal view; C, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, ventral view; D, genital complex; E, anal somite and caudal ramus, lateral view; F, antennule; G, antenna; H, mandible; I, maxillule; J, maxilla; K, maxilliped. Scale bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287885/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
B–C), without trace of former division between genital and third urosomites; division between genital and third urosomite evidenced only by row of spinules. All urosomites, including genital double-somite, with pair of sensilla and medially interrupted row of rather strong spinules dorsally, ventrally with row of tiny spinules. Genital complex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4AA72A7CE035FFBF7DB0F9BC117C3A45" box="[973,1041,1560,1585]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Elaphoidella jaesornensis sp. nov., female (holotype): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, dorsal view; C, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, ventral view; D, genital complex; E, anal somite and caudal ramus, lateral view; F, antennule; G, antenna; H, mandible; I, maxillule; J, maxilla; K, maxilliped. Scale bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287885/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
D) with a single large, bell-shaped copulatory pore; paired seminal receptacles well developed. Additional row of tiny spinules on ventro-distal side of 4th and 5th urosomite. Anal somite with paired dorsal sensilla at base of operculum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4AA72A7CE035FFBF7A25F9C711F03A08" box="[1112,1181,1635,1660]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Elaphoidella jaesornensis sp. nov., female (holotype): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, dorsal view; C, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, ventral view; D, genital complex; E, anal somite and caudal ramus, lateral view; F, antennule; G, antenna; H, mandible; I, maxillule; J, maxilla; K, maxilliped. Scale bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287885/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
B, 6E), interconnected with transversal row of small spinules. Two-four ventral strong and robust spinules decreasing in length from innermost to outermost, inserted at base of each caudal ramus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4AA72A7CE035FFBF7D07F90F16AD3AB0" box="[890,960,1707,1732]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Elaphoidella jaesornensis sp. nov., female (holotype): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, dorsal view; C, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, ventral view; D, genital complex; E, anal somite and caudal ramus, lateral view; F, antennule; G, antenna; H, mandible; I, maxillule; J, maxilla; K, maxilliped. Scale bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287885/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Anal somite with rounded operculum flanked by one pair of dorsal sensilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4AA72A7CE035FFBF7C1EF96B17C63A9C" box="[611,683,1743,1768]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Elaphoidella jaesornensis sp. nov., female (holotype): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, dorsal view; C, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, ventral view; D, genital complex; E, anal somite and caudal ramus, lateral view; F, antennule; G, antenna; H, mandible; I, maxillule; J, maxilla; K, maxilliped. Scale bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287885/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
B), and ornamented with transverse row of small spinules. Anal operculum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4AA72A7CE035FFBF7F62F957140F3B78" box="[287,354,1779,1804]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Elaphoidella jaesornensis sp. nov., female (holotype): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, dorsal view; C, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, ventral view; D, genital complex; E, anal somite and caudal ramus, lateral view; F, antennule; G, antenna; H, mandible; I, maxillule; J, maxilla; K, maxilliped. Scale bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287885/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
B) large, rounded, with 20–25 spinules along free margin; not reaching beyond distal margin of anal somite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E035FFBC7EBAF89F171A3CA0" blockId="9.[151,1437,762,2020]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,1760]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
|
||
Caudal rami (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4AA72A7CE035FFBF7F1CF89F14C93B20" box="[353,420,1851,1876]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Elaphoidella jaesornensis sp. nov., female (holotype): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, dorsal view; C, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, ventral view; D, genital complex; E, anal somite and caudal ramus, lateral view; F, antennule; G, antenna; H, mandible; I, maxillule; J, maxilla; K, maxilliped. Scale bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287885/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C, E) approximately conical, parallel, short, as long as wide, with dorsal keel along 2/3 of ramus length. Inner margin smooth. Each ramus with 7 setae; seta I very small. Setae II, III, VI and VII bare; anterolateral seta (II) inserted at about proximal third of caudal ramus; posterolateral seta (III) slightly longer than anterolateral (II), with few spinules along outer margin; outer terminal seta (IV) about two times as long as caudal ramus, without breaking plane; inner terminal seta (V) long, distal two-thirds bipinnate, fracture plane not visible; inner terminal seta (VI) thin, slightly shorter than caudal ramus; dorsal seta (VII) thin and short, inserted at distal end of keel on middle point of each ramus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E036FFBC7EBAFF7B111D3D11" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">
|
||
Antennule (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4AA72A7CE036FFBC7F25FF7B14CA3C8C" box="[344,423,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Elaphoidella jaesornensis sp. nov., female (holotype): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, dorsal view; C, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, ventral view; D, genital complex; E, anal somite and caudal ramus, lateral view; F, antennule; G, antenna; H, mandible; I, maxillule; J, maxilla; K, maxilliped. Scale bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287885/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
F) relatively short and stout, eight-segmented, not reaching posterior margin of cephalothorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4AA72A7CE036FFBC7F38FEA014E43D69" box="[325,393,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Elaphoidella jaesornensis sp. nov., female (holotype): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, dorsal view; C, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, ventral view; D, genital complex; E, anal somite and caudal ramus, lateral view; F, antennule; G, antenna; H, mandible; I, maxillule; J, maxilla; K, maxilliped. Scale bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287885/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Aesthetasc on fourth segment cylindrical. Aesthetasc on terminal segment long and slim, overreaching tip of the first aesthetasc. Setal formula as follows: 1, 9, 5, 3+A, 1, 2, 2, 7+A. All setae thin and bare except for one bipinnate seta on first and second segment. No additional ornamentation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E036FFBC7EBAFED414D53D81" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">
|
||
Antenna (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4AA72A7CE036FFBC7F48FECB141A3DFC" box="[309,375,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Elaphoidella jaesornensis sp. nov., female (holotype): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, dorsal view; C, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, ventral view; D, genital complex; E, anal somite and caudal ramus, lateral view; F, antennule; G, antenna; H, mandible; I, maxillule; J, maxilla; K, maxilliped. Scale bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287885/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
G) robust, with allobasis; one-segmented Exp and Endp. Allobasis with two thin setae midway on outer margin. Exp with two apical and two lateral setae, subequal in length; all setae unipinnate. Endp with two strong outer spines accompanied by several strong, short spinules; distally with three geniculate setae, one normal seta and one strong spine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E036FFBC7EBAFE5B113E3E14" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">
|
||
Mandible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4AA72A7CE036FFBC7F3BFE5B14E03E6C" box="[326,397,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Elaphoidella jaesornensis sp. nov., female (holotype): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, dorsal view; C, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, ventral view; D, genital complex; E, anal somite and caudal ramus, lateral view; F, antennule; G, antenna; H, mandible; I, maxillule; J, maxilla; K, maxilliped. Scale bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287885/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
H) short and robust, with two strongly chitinized teeth and one row of smaller teeth on gnathobase; with short seta at dorsal corner and knob. Mandibular palp two-segmented; proximal segment with one seta, distal segment with one subapical and three apical setae. All setae thin and bare.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E036FFBC7EBAFDC811C33EB9" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">
|
||
Maxillule (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4AA72A7CE036FFBC7F3AFDC814E33EF1" box="[327,398,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Elaphoidella jaesornensis sp. nov., female (holotype): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, dorsal view; C, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, ventral view; D, genital complex; E, anal somite and caudal ramus, lateral view; F, antennule; G, antenna; H, mandible; I, maxillule; J, maxilla; K, maxilliped. Scale bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287885/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="A6221039E036FFBC7FFDFDC814E33EF1" box="[384,398,620,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">6</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I) consists of robust praecoxa, coxa, and basis. Praecoxal arthrite with five strong apical spines. Coxa with cylindrical endite bearing one pinnate and one smooth seta. Basal endite with one smooth and one pinnate seta. Exp and Endp represented by one and three thin, smooth setae, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E036FFBC7EBAFD73117F3F43" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">
|
||
Maxilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4AA72A7CE036FFBC7F4CFD73141B3E84" box="[305,374,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Elaphoidella jaesornensis sp. nov., female (holotype): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, dorsal view; C, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, ventral view; D, genital complex; E, anal somite and caudal ramus, lateral view; F, antennule; G, antenna; H, mandible; I, maxillule; J, maxilla; K, maxilliped. Scale bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287885/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
J) two-segmented, composed of syncoxa and allobasis. Syncoxa with two endites; proximal endite with three setae, distal endite with two setae. Allobasis drawn out into strong serrate claw with one accompanying seta. Endp fused to basis, represented by two thin, smooth setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E036FFBC7EBAFCE011D73FD1" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">
|
||
Maxilliped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4AA72A7CE036FFBC7F2CFCE014F93F29" box="[337,404,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Elaphoidella jaesornensis sp. nov., female (holotype): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, dorsal view; C, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, ventral view; D, genital complex; E, anal somite and caudal ramus, lateral view; F, antennule; G, antenna; H, mandible; I, maxillule; J, maxilla; K, maxilliped. Scale bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287885/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
K) three-segmented, composed of syncoxa, basis, and one-segmented Endp. Syncoxa small, without ornamentation. Basis 3.2 times as long as wide, with about 20 outer spinules. Endp represented by strong, acutely curved, unipinnate claw; accessory armature represented by short seta at base of Endp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E036FFBC7EBAFC1414C53809" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">P1 (Fig. 7A) with three-segmented Exp and Endp. Basis with thin inner pinnate seta and robust outer spine. Endp longer than Exp. Endp-1 longer than Endp-2 and Endp-3, reaching middle of second exopodal segment, with robust and pinnate inner seta. Endp-2 as long as Endp-3, with long thin inner seta. Endp-3 with three terminal setae; innermost thin, as long as outer one, middle one geniculate and longest, outermost spiniform, about 0.5 times as long as middle one. Exp-2 with thin inner seta. Exp-3 with strong outer spine, and one spine and two long geniculate setae distally.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E036FFBC7EBAFB2C17CD3921" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">P2 (Fig. 7B) with three-segmented Exp and two-segmented Endp. Basis with robust outer spine. Endp-1 shorter than wide, without armature. Endp-2 about 2.5 times as long as wide, with two inner sub-equal setae (distalmost unilaterally feather-like, proximal one unipinnate); with two setae and one spine apically; setae long and pinnate, innermost shorter. Exp-1 as long as Exp-2. Exp-2 with one long seta with unilaterally feather-like tip. Exp-3 3 times as long as wide, with outer spine, one spine and two setae apically; one long unilaterally feather-like seta inserted at about midway of inner margin.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E036FFBC7EBAFAC415C13A7C" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">P3 (Fig. 7C) with robust outer basal spine. Endp 2-segmented, Endp-1 shorter than wide, without armature. Endp-2 about 2.5 times as long as wide, with two long, apical setae (innermost slightly shorter) and one outer distal spine; with three inner setae slightly decreasing in length from distalmost seta (apicalmost seta unipinnate, other two bare). Exp similar to that of P2 except for additional unilaterally feather-like seta on inner distal corner of Exp 3.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E036FFBC7EBAF9B016503AC9" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">P4 (Fig. 7D) with long and thin outer basal seta. Two-segmented Endp, Endp-1 small, without inner seta. Endp-2 with inner unipinnate seta at midlength of segment, one inner pinnate seta and one outer pinnate spine apically; inner pinnate seta about 3.0 times as long as segment, outer spine as long as segment. Three-segmented Exp, Exp-1 and Exp-2 similar to those of P3. Exp-3 with strong outer lateral spine, two long, unilaterally featherlike setae on inner margin, and two terminal setae and spine.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E036FFBC7EBAF96C118E3A94" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1760]" box="[199,1251,1735,1760]" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Armature formula of P1– P4 as follows (Arabic numerals = setae; Roman numerals = spines):</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E036FFBC7F2CF95816AF3B66" blockId="10.[159,1317,1788,1984]" box="[337,962,1788,1810]" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">Exopod Endopod</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E036FFBA7F2CF88114083BA2" blockId="10.[159,1317,1788,1984]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1436,1953,2006]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">
|
||
1 2 3 1 2 3 P1 0-I
|
||
<date id="A6221039E036FFBC7C7FF8EA17733B10" box="[514,542,1870,1892]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">1-I</date>
|
||
0-2,I-I 1-0 1-0 1-2-0 P2 0-
|
||
<date id="A6221039E036FFBC7F18F8C917BD3BF7" box="[357,720,1901,1923]" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">I 1-I 1-2</date>
|
||
,I-I 0-0 2-2,I-0 - P3 0-
|
||
<date id="A6221039E036FFBC7F18F82817BE3BD6" box="[357,723,1932,1954]" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">I 1-I 2-2</date>
|
||
,I-I 0-0 3-2,I-0 - P4 0-
|
||
<date id="A6221039E036FFBC7F18F80E17BE3BB4" box="[357,723,1962,1984]" pageId="10" pageNumber="91">I 1-I 2-2</date>
|
||
,I-I 0-0 1-1,I-0 -
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE030FFBA7EEAF805147F3BC2" bold="true" box="[151,274,1953,1975]" pageId="12" pageNumber="93">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE030FFBA7F65F805174D3BC3" box="[280,544,1953,1975]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaesornensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE030FFBA7F65F805174D3BC3" box="[280,544,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="93">Elaphoidella jaesornensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE030FFBA7C5BF805171B3BC2" bold="true" box="[550,630,1953,1974]" pageId="12" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FBDB5790E030FFBA7C5BF805171B3BC2" box="[550,630,1953,1974]" pageId="12" pageNumber="93" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, female (
|
||
<typeStatus id="0D27885BE030FFBA7CA8F80516593BC3" box="[725,820,1953,1975]" pageId="12" pageNumber="93" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
): A, P1; B, P2; C, P3; D, P4; E, Enp-2 P4 (variability); F, P5. Scale bar = 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="86E36671E037FFBD7EEAF8F1170D3BB3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287885/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" targetBox="[151,1436,195,1855]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E037FFBD7EEAF8F1170D3BB3" blockId="11.[151,1436,1877,1991]" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE037FFBD7EEAF8F114743B1F" bold="true" box="[151,281,1877,1899]" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE037FFBD7F5BF8F117583B18" box="[294,565,1877,1900]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaesornensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE037FFBD7F5BF8F117583B18" box="[294,565,1877,1900]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">Elaphoidella jaesornensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE037FFBD7C3FF8F217F43B1F" bold="true" box="[578,665,1878,1899]" pageId="11" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FBDB5790E037FFBD7C3FF8F217F43B1F" box="[578,665,1878,1899]" pageId="11" pageNumber="92" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, female (holotype): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, dorsal view; C, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, ventral view; D, genital complex; E, anal somite and caudal ramus, lateral view; F, antennule; G, antenna; H, mandible; I, maxillule; J, maxilla; K, maxilliped. Scale bars = 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E031FFBB7EBAFF33167A3CC4" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1760]" box="[199,791,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Additional ornamentation of P1–P4 as in Fig. 7A–D.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E031FFBB7EBAFF1816A83DFC" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">P5 (Fig. 7F) with separate Exp and baseoendopod, without surface ornamentation. Baseoendopod welldeveloped, about 2.0 times as long as wide, with four strong spiniform setae of unequal length; the second innermost element longest, followed by the second outermost, and innermost seta; outermost seta shortest. Outer basal seta long and bare. Exp small, rounded; with five setae of unequal length, all setae spiniform except for outermost element. Second innermost longest, about 7.0 times as long as segment; middle seta about 0.5 times as long as second innermost element; other setae short, sub-equal in length.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E031FFBB7EBAFE3011933DD9" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1760]" box="[199,1278,404,429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
|
||
P6 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4AA72A7CE031FFBB7E89FE30145B3DD9" box="[244,310,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Elaphoidella jaesornensis sp. nov., female (holotype): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, dorsal view; C, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, ventral view; D, genital complex; E, anal somite and caudal ramus, lateral view; F, antennule; G, antenna; H, mandible; I, maxillule; J, maxilla; K, maxilliped. Scale bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287885/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
D) fused, small, forming single plate; with two thin, smooth setae (innermost longest).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E031FFBB7EBAFE1C14BF3DA4" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1760]" box="[199,466,439,464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
|
||
Egg sac: with 8–
|
||
<specimenCount id="C49AFD70E031FFBB7FFEFE1C14FC3DA4" box="[387,401,440,464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" type="egg">9</specimenCount>
|
||
eggs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E031FFBB7EBAFE78141A3D81" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1760]" box="[199,375,476,501]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Male unknown.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E031FFBB7EBAFE5B115E3E14" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7EBAFE5B14283E6C" bold="true" box="[199,325,511,536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Variability</emphasis>
|
||
. In two specimens the anal somite exhibits two rows of spinules ventrally at base of caudal rami, 2 upper spinules, and additional 3 lower spinules on ramus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4AA72A7CE031FFBB7D5AFD8016073E49" box="[807,874,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,195,1855]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Elaphoidella jaesornensis sp. nov., female (holotype): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, dorsal view; C, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, ventral view; D, genital complex; E, anal somite and caudal ramus, lateral view; F, antennule; G, antenna; H, mandible; I, maxillule; J, maxilla; K, maxilliped. Scale bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287885/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
C). In one specimen, the number of inner setae on Endp-2 P4, differed between the two legs, i.e., carrying one or two setae (Fig. 7E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E031FFBB7EBAFDC814FF3F4C" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7EBAFDC814A83EF1" bold="true" box="[199,453,620,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. The new species described herein was allocated into the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE031FFBB7AE9FDC815BF3EDC" authority="Chappuis, 1929" authorityName="Chappuis" authorityYear="1929" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7AE9FDC810483EF0" box="[1172,1317,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Elaphoidella</emphasis>
|
||
Chappuis, 1929
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, given the presences of a three-segmented Endp-P1, a two-segmented Endp of P2–P4, and four and five setae on the baseoendopod and exopod of P5, respectively (Fig. 7F). The armature formula of P5 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE031FFBB7ABAFD11101E3EB8" box="[1223,1395,693,716]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaesornensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7ABAFD1111B53EB8" box="[1223,1240,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7A9AFD11101E3EB8" box="[1255,1395,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">jaesornensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7B07FD1015A53E84" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FBDB5790E031FFBB7B07FD1015A53E84" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
suggests it belongs to IV group
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7C45FD7D171B3E84" box="[568,630,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B60D4B08E031FFBB7C03FD7C16643E84" author="Lang" box="[638,777,728,752]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" refString="Lang, K. (1948) Monographie der Harpacticiden. Hakan Ohlsson, Lund, 1682 pp." type="book" year="1948">Lang (1948)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(i.e.
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7D38FD7C16D33E84" box="[837,958,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">elaphoides</emphasis>
|
||
). Other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE031FFBB7A60FD7C11C33E84" box="[1053,1198,728,752]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7A60FD7C11C33E84" box="[1053,1198,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Elaphoidella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species belonging to the same group collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AA8B7669E031FFBB7FA9FD5817553F61" box="[468,568,764,789]" name="Thailand" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE031FFBB7C15FD5916D43F60" authority="Chappuis, 1931" authorityName="Chappuis" authorityYear="1931" box="[616,953,764,789]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7C15FD59166F3F60" box="[616,770,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">E. intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B60D4B08E031FFBB7D74FD5816D43F60" author="Chappuis" box="[777,953,764,789]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" refString="Chappuis, P. A. (1931) Copepoda Harpacticoida der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda- Expedition. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement 8, 512 - 584." type="book chapter" year="1931">Chappuis, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE031FFBB7D8DFD5914E33F4C" authority="Brancelj, Watiroyram & Sanoamuang, 2010" authorityName="Brancelj, Watiroyram & Sanoamuang" authorityYear="2010" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namnaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7D8DFD5911CF3F60" box="[1008,1186,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">E. namnaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B60D4B08E031FFBB7AD4FD5814E33F4C" author="Brancelj" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" refString="Brancelj, A., Watiroyram, S. & Sanoamuang, L. (2010) The first record of cave-dwelling Copepoda from Thailand and description of a new species: Elaphoidella namnaoensis, n. sp. (Copepoda, Harpacticoida). Crustaceana, 83, 779 - 793. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 001121610 X 502894" type="journal article" year="2010">Brancelj, Watiroyram & Sanoamuang, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9A866572E031FFA77EBAFCE010343A4F" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E031FFBB7EBAFCE011843840" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE031FFBB7EBAFCE014803F28" box="[199,493,836,860]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaesornensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7EBAFCE014803F28" box="[199,493,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Elaphoidella jaesornensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is clearly distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE031FFBB7D3BFCE111F13F28" authority="Chappuis, 1931" authorityName="Chappuis" authorityYear="1931" box="[838,1180,836,861]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7D3BFCE1168C3F28" box="[838,993,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">E. intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B60D4B08E031FFBB7D97FCE011F13F28" author="Chappuis" box="[1002,1180,836,861]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" refString="Chappuis, P. A. (1931) Copepoda Harpacticoida der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda- Expedition. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement 8, 512 - 584." type="book chapter" year="1931">Chappuis, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by several characters. Regarding the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE031FFBB7C2BFCCD17993FF4" box="[598,756,872,896]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7C2BFCCD17993FF4" box="[598,756,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">E. intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B60D4B08E031FFBB7D0FFCC311583FF4" author="Chappuis" box="[882,1077,871,896]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" refString="Chappuis, P. A. (1931) Copepoda Harpacticoida der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda- Expedition. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement 8, 512 - 584." type="book chapter" year="1931">Chappuis (1931)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE031FFBB7A3BFCCD119A3F0B" box="[1094,1271,872,896]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaesornensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7A3BFCCD119A3F0B" box="[1094,1271,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">E. jaesornensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in the armature of P2–P4 Endp-1 and 2; in the new species this is 0, 0, 0 and 5, 6, 3 respectively, but 1, 1, 1 and 5, 6, 4 respectively in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE031FFBB7F38FC1514B23FBC" box="[325,479,944,968]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7F38FC1514B23FBC" box="[325,479,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">E. intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The P5 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE031FFBB7C16FC1516753FB3" box="[619,792,944,968]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaesornensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7C16FC1516753FB3" box="[619,792,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">E. jaesornensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a well-developed baseoendopod, which is about 2.0 times as long as wide, but less than 1.5 as long as wide in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE031FFBB7D3DFC7116B63F98" box="[832,987,980,1004]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7D3DFC7116B63F98" box="[832,987,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">E. intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The P5 Exp is oval, with short lateral spinules in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE031FFBB7F68FC5D14C03864" box="[277,429,1016,1040]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7F68FC5D14C03864" box="[277,429,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">E. intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it is round, small and without surface ornamentation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE031FFBB7A33FC5D1194387B" box="[1102,1273,1016,1040]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaesornensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7A33FC5D1194387B" box="[1102,1273,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">E. jaesornensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The posterior margin of the prosomites and urosomites is smooth in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE031FFBB7C8AFBB916CF3840" box="[759,930,1053,1076]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaesornensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7C8AFBB916CF3840" box="[759,930,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">E. jaesornensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but serrate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE031FFBB7A34FBB9118C3840" box="[1097,1249,1052,1076]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7A34FBB9118C3840" box="[1097,1249,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">E. intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E031FFBB7EBAFB9B10383AEC" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
|
||
The new species is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE031FFBB7C6CFBE517AF3823" box="[529,706,1088,1112]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namnaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7C6CFBE517AF3823" box="[529,706,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">E. namnaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described from a cave in North-western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AA8B7669E031FFBB7AF6FB9B1182382C" box="[1163,1263,1087,1112]" name="Thailand" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B60D4B08E031FFBB7A80FB9B15B93808" author="Brancelj" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" refString="Brancelj, A., Watiroyram, S. & Sanoamuang, L. (2010) The first record of cave-dwelling Copepoda from Thailand and description of a new species: Elaphoidella namnaoensis, n. sp. (Copepoda, Harpacticoida). Crustaceana, 83, 779 - 793. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 001121610 X 502894" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Brancelj
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7B19FBE510F8382C" box="[1380,1429,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, a number of morphological differences between those species were observed. The anal operculum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE031FFBB7ECAFB2D140438EB" box="[183,361,1160,1184]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namnaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7ECAFB2D140438EB" box="[183,361,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">E. namnaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is ornamented with well-developed spinules which reach beyond the distal margin of the anal somite, but these spinules are rather short in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE031FFBB7CF0FB09165438B0" box="[653,825,1197,1220]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaesornensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7CF0FB09165438B0" box="[653,825,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">E. jaesornensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and not reach the distal end of the anal somite. P2–P3 Endp-1 lack inner seta in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE031FFBB7FAEFB7517EE3893" box="[467,643,1232,1256]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaesornensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7FAEFB7517EE3893" box="[467,643,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">E. jaesornensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but an inner seta is present in P2–P3 Endp1 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE031FFBB7AA3FB7510F83893" box="[1246,1429,1232,1256]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namnaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7AA3FB7510F83893" box="[1246,1429,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">E. namnaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE031FFBB7EEAFB5014D73978" box="[151,442,1268,1292]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaesornensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7EEAFB5014D73978" box="[151,442,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Elaphoidella jaesornensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses 4, 6, and 3 setae/spines on the P2–P4 Endp-2, but there are 5, 6, 4 setae/spines in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE031FFBB7ECEFABD1409395B" box="[179,356,1304,1328]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namnaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7ECEFABD1409395B" box="[179,356,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">E. namnaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There are also differences in the armature of P5.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE031FFBB7DECFABC11D9395B" box="[913,1204,1304,1328]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaesornensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7DECFABC11D9395B" box="[913,1204,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Elaphoidella jaesornensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses 5 setae on the P5 Exp, but there are 3 long setae, 1 spiniform element, and 2 outer spines in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE031FFBB7A55FA9911B43920" box="[1064,1241,1341,1364]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namnaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7A55FA9911B43920" box="[1064,1241,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">E. namnaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(for more details see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B60D4B08E031FFBB7EBCFAFB14CC390C" author="Brancelj" box="[193,417,1375,1400]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" refString="Brancelj, A., Watiroyram, S. & Sanoamuang, L. (2010) The first record of cave-dwelling Copepoda from Thailand and description of a new species: Elaphoidella namnaoensis, n. sp. (Copepoda, Harpacticoida). Crustaceana, 83, 779 - 793. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 001121610 X 502894" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Brancelj
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7F5AFAC51432390C" box="[295,351,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="4AA72A7CE031FFBB7FD1FAFB1499390C" box="[428,500,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1586]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1586]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Elaphoidella thailandensis sp. nov., female (holotype): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, genital double-somite, abdominal somites, and anal somite, ventral view; C, anal somite and caudal rami, dorsal view. Scale bars = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287882/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B–D, 3B–E). There are also obvious differences in the shape of the P5 Exp of these two species. The P5 Exp of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE031FFBB7FB3FA21171239E8" box="[462,639,1413,1436]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namnaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7FB3FA21171239E8" box="[462,639,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">E. namnaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is about twice as long as wide, reaching beyond the baseoendopod, but it is rounded and does not reach beyond the distal margin of the baseoendopod in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE031FFBB7A4DFA0D11B639CB" box="[1072,1243,1448,1472]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaesornensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7A4DFA0D11B639CB" box="[1072,1243,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">E. jaesornensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All segments of Exp and Endp P1–P
|
||
<quantity id="15649B1CE031FFBB7F0BFA6814CF3991" box="[374,418,1484,1509]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE031FFBB7FD5FA6917343990" box="[424,601,1485,1508]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namnaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7FD5FA6917343990" box="[424,601,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">E. namnaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more elongated, compared to those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE031FFBB7A48FA69118D3990" box="[1077,1248,1485,1508]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaesornensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7A48FA69118D3990" box="[1077,1248,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">E. jaesornensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, some other features, especially the unique feather-like transformation of the setae on the inner margin of Exp and Endp P1–P4 as well as the similar shape of integumental window indicates close relationship between both taxa as a result of allopatric speciation. Relatively close localities of both taxa indicate that allopatric speciation is the most likely option especially as epikarst aquifers are highly fragmented even on short distance and prevailing water flow there is in vertical direction and thus lateral connections are weak or non-existing (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B60D4B08E031FFBB7A48F9DB10243AEC" author="Brancelj" box="[1077,1353,1663,1688]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" refString="Brancelj, A. (2006) The epikarst habitat in Slovenia and the description of a new species. Journal of Natural History, 40, 403 - 413. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930600646608" type="journal article" year="2006">Brancelj & Culver 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E031FFBB7EBAF90014633A94" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">
|
||
The morphological comparisons among known species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE031FFBB7DBAF90011353AC8" box="[967,1112,1700,1724]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE031FFBB7DBAF90011353AC8" box="[967,1112,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Elaphoidella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AA8B7669E031FFBB7AE0F900106C3AC9" box="[1181,1281,1700,1725]" name="Thailand" pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
are presented in
|
||
<tableCitation id="9F1E0342E031FFBB7EC9F963146A3A94" box="[180,263,1735,1760]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphological features of Elaphoidella species from Thailand." pageId="13" pageNumber="94">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="86E36671E032FFB87EEAFF3C16DF3CDB" box="[151,946,152,175]" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E032FFB87EEAFF3C16DF3CDB" blockId="14.[151,946,152,175]" box="[151,946,152,175]" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE032FFB87EEAFF3C146E3CDB" bold="true" box="[151,259,152,175]" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">TABLE 1</emphasis>
|
||
. Morphological features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE032FFB87C50FF3C17DA3CDB" box="[557,695,152,175]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE032FFB87C50FF3C17DA3CDB" box="[557,695,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Elaphoidella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species from Thailand.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E032FFB87EE2FF6E15A63D8B" blockId="14.[159,1312,202,224]" lastBlockId="14.[159,1349,336,511]" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
Character (female only)
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE032FFB87C26FF6F104D3C94" box="[603,1312,202,224]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE032FFB87C26FF6F17933C94" box="[603,766,202,224]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thailandensis">E. thailandensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE032FFB87D19FF6F16923C94" box="[868,1023,203,224]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaesornensis">E. jaesornensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE032FFB87AEEFF6F104D3C94" authority="Inner" authorityName="Inner" box="[1171,1312,203,224]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="margaritae">E. margaritae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Inner spine on Endp-1 P4 - Absent Absent Inner marginal seta on Endp-2 P4 - Longer than Endp-2 P4 Ve r y s ho r t Spinules at the base of caudal ramus 4–6 2 5 Shape of caudal ramus Sub-conical Asymmetrically conical Sub-conical Length of Exp P5 vs. tip of baseoendopod Exceeding the tip Shorter than the tip Exceeding the tip lobe
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E032FFB87EE2FF5011BD3D33" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<table id="A09CC459E03200497EE2FF5010283D33" box="[159,1349,244,327]" gridcols="3" gridrows="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<tr id="6CAC34BBE03200497EE2FF5010283D7E" box="[159,1349,244,266]" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="2F7D5DC7E03200497EE2FF5017CE3D7E" box="[159,675,244,266]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Dorsal part of hyaline frill on urosome Serrate</th>
|
||
<th id="2F7D5DC7E03200497D19FF5016DE3D7E" box="[868,947,244,266]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Smooth</th>
|
||
<th id="2F7D5DC7E03200497AEEFF5010283D7E" box="[1171,1349,244,266]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Serrate?</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CAC34BBE03200497EE2FEB610283D5C" box="[159,1349,274,296]" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="2F7D5DC7E03200497EE2FEB617CE3D5C" box="[159,675,274,296]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">No. of segments on Endp of P1–P4 2.2.2.0</th>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497D19FEB616DE3D5C" box="[868,947,274,296]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">3.2.2.2</td>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497AEEFEB610283D5C" box="[1171,1349,274,296]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">3.2.2.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CAC34BBE03200497EE2FE9510283D33" box="[159,1349,305,327]" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="2F7D5DC7E03200497EE2FE9517CE3D33" box="[159,675,305,327]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Spinules on anal operculum 10–12</th>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497D19FE9516DE3D33" box="[868,947,305,327]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">20–25</td>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497AEEFE9510283D33" box="[1171,1349,305,327]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">13–16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E032FFB87EE2FDAD147638FC" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<table id="A09CC459E03200497EEAFDAC101638FC" box="[151,1403,520,1160]" gridcols="4" gridrows="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<tr id="6CAC34BBE03200497EEAFDAC10163E48" box="[151,1403,520,572]" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="2F7D5DC7E03200497EEAFDAC175D3E48" box="[151,560,520,572]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">No. setae/spines on Exp: baseoendopod lobe of P5</th>
|
||
<th id="2F7D5DC7E03200497C31FDAC16533E48" box="[588,830,520,572]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">4:4</th>
|
||
<th id="2F7D5DC7E03200497D19FDAC11303E48" box="[868,1117,520,572]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">5:4</th>
|
||
<th id="2F7D5DC7E03200497AF4FDAC10163E48" box="[1161,1403,520,572]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">2:4</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CAC34BBE03200497EEAFDC410163E03" box="[151,1403,608,631]" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="2F7D5DC7E03200497EEAFDC4175D3E03" box="[151,560,608,631]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">continued.</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CAC34BBE03200497EEAFD3710163EDD" box="[151,1403,659,681]" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="2F7D5DC7E03200497EEAFD37175D3EDD" box="[151,560,659,681]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Character (female only)</th>
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE032FFB87C31FD30107E3EDD" box="[588,1299,659,681]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497C31FD3716533EDD" box="[588,830,659,681]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE032FFB87C31FD3017813EDD" box="[588,748,660,681]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namnaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE032FFB87C31FD3017813EDD" box="[588,748,660,681]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">E. namnaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497D19FD3711303EDD" box="[868,1117,659,681]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE032FFB87D17FD3011753EDD" box="[874,1048,659,681]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromeliaecola">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE032FFB87D17FD3011753EDD" box="[874,1048,659,681]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">E. bromeliaecola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497AF4FD3710163EDD" box="[1161,1403,659,681]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE032FFB87AF4FD30107E3EDD" box="[1161,1299,659,681]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE032FFB87AF4FD30107E3EDD" box="[1161,1299,659,681]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">E. intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CAC34BBE03200497EEAFD1810163EA6" box="[151,1403,700,722]" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="2F7D5DC7E03200497EEAFD18175D3EA6" box="[151,560,700,722]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Dorsal part of hyaline frill on urosome</th>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497C31FD1816533EA6" box="[588,830,700,722]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Smooth</td>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497D19FD1811303EA6" box="[868,1117,700,722]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Serrate</td>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497AF4FD1810163EA6" box="[1161,1403,700,722]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Serrate</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CAC34BBE03200497EEAFD7F10163E85" box="[151,1403,731,753]" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="2F7D5DC7E03200497EEAFD7F175D3E85" box="[151,560,731,753]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">No. of segments on Endp of P1–P4</th>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497C31FD7F16533E85" box="[588,830,731,753]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">3.2.2.2</td>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497D19FD7F11303E85" box="[868,1117,731,753]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">3.2.2.2</td>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497AF4FD7F10163E85" box="[1161,1403,731,753]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">3.2.2.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CAC34BBE03200497EEAFD5E10163F64" box="[151,1403,762,784]" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="2F7D5DC7E03200497EEAFD5E175D3F64" box="[151,560,762,784]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Spinules on anal operculum</th>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497C31FD5E16533F64" box="[588,830,762,784]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">c.20</td>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497D19FD5E11303F64" box="[868,1117,762,784]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">10–14</td>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497AF4FD5E10163F64" box="[1161,1403,762,784]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">c.30</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CAC34BBE03200497EEAFCBD10163F5B" box="[151,1403,793,815]" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="2F7D5DC7E03200497EEAFCBD175D3F5B" box="[151,560,793,815]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Inner spine on Endp-1 P4</th>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497C31FCBD16533F5B" box="[588,830,793,815]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Absent</td>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497D19FCBD11303F5B" box="[868,1117,793,815]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Absent</td>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497AF4FCBD10163F5B" box="[1161,1403,793,815]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Present</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CAC34BBE03200497EEAFC9310163F39" box="[151,1403,823,845]" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="2F7D5DC7E03200497EEAFC93175D3F39" box="[151,560,823,845]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Inner marginal seta on Endp-2 P4</th>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497C31FC9316533F39" box="[588,830,823,845]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Longer than Endp-2 P4</td>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497D19FC9311303F39" box="[868,1117,823,845]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Longer than Endp-2 P4</td>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497AF4FC9310163F39" box="[1161,1403,823,845]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Longer than Endp-2 P4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CAC34BBE03200497EEAFCF210163F18" box="[151,1403,854,876]" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="2F7D5DC7E03200497EEAFCF2175D3F18" box="[151,560,854,876]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Spinules at the base of caudal ramus</th>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497C31FCF216533F18" box="[588,830,854,876]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">1</td>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497D19FCF211303F18" box="[868,1117,854,876]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">3–5</td>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497AF4FCF210163F18" box="[1161,1403,854,876]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CAC34BBE03200497EEAFCD010163FFE" box="[151,1403,884,906]" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="2F7D5DC7E03200497EEAFCD0175D3FFE" box="[151,560,884,906]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Shape of caudal ramus</th>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497C31FCD016533FFE" box="[588,830,884,906]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Asymmetrically conical</td>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497D19FCD011303FFE" box="[868,1117,884,906]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Asymmetrically conical</td>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497AF4FCD010163FFE" box="[1161,1403,884,906]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Asymmetrically conical</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CAC34BBE03200497EEAFC3710163FDD" box="[151,1403,915,937]" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="2F7D5DC7E03200497EEAFC37175D3FDD" box="[151,560,915,937]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Length of Exp P5 vs. tip of</th>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497C31FC3716533FDD" box="[588,830,915,937]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Exceeding the tip</td>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497D19FC3711303FDD" box="[868,1117,915,937]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Shorter than the tip</td>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497AF4FC3710163FDD" box="[1161,1403,915,937]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Exceeding the tip</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CAC34BBE03200497EEAFC1610163FBC" box="[151,1403,946,968]" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="2F7D5DC7E03200497EEAFC16175D3FBC" box="[151,560,946,968]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">baseoendopod lobe</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CAC34BBE03200497EEAFC7510163F93" box="[151,1403,977,999]" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="2F7D5DC7E03200497EEAFC75175D3F93" box="[151,560,977,999]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">No. setae/spines on Exp: baseoendopod</th>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497C31FC7516533F93" box="[588,830,977,999]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">4:4</td>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497D19FC7511303F93" box="[868,1117,977,999]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">4:4</td>
|
||
<td id="2F7D5DC7E03200497AF4FC7510163F93" box="[1161,1403,977,999]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">5:4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CAC34BBE03200497EEAFC4B10163871" box="[151,1403,1007,1029]" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="2F7D5DC7E03200497EEAFC4B175D3871" box="[151,560,1007,1029]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">lobe of P5</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CAC34BBE03200497EEAFBCA101638FC" box="[151,1403,1134,1160]" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="2F7D5DC7E03200497EEAFBCA175D38FC" box="[151,560,1134,1160]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Discussion</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E032FFB87EEAFB1010F13A9D" blockId="14.[151,1437,1204,2022]" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE032FFB87EEAFB10160538B9" bold="true" box="[151,872,1204,1229]" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
Geographical distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE032FFB87F8CFB1017F138B9" box="[497,668,1204,1229]" class="Maxillopoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Harpacticoida</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AA8B7669E032FFB87C9EFB10167638B9" box="[739,795,1204,1229]" name="Thailand" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Thai</collectingCountry>
|
||
caves.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
One hundred and fifty four copepod samples were collected from 17 caves in Northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AA8B7669E032FFB87C34FB7C17C03885" box="[585,685,1240,1265]" name="Thailand" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Fig. 8) during years
|
||
<date id="A6221039E032FFB87DC8FB7D115B3885" box="[949,1078,1241,1265]" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" value="2007" valueMax="2011">2007–2011</date>
|
||
. In total,
|
||
<specimenCount id="C49AFD70E032FFB87AD7FB7C10393885" box="[1194,1364,1240,1265]" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" type="generic">905 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of 11 harpacticoid species, belonging to two families, were collected (
|
||
<tableCitation id="9F1E0342E032FFB87D01FB5916BB3961" box="[892,982,1277,1302]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="15.[151,239,260,283]" captionText="TABLE 2. List of Harpacticoda collected from caves in the northern part of Thailand; (+ = present, - = absent)." pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). The family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE032FFB87A0BFB5910F13962" authority="Scott, 1905" authorityName="Scott" authorityYear="1905" box="[1142,1436,1277,1302]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Laophontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Laophontidae Scott, 1905</taxonomicName>
|
||
was represented by a single species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE032FFB87CF9FA851035394D" authority="Blanchard & Richard, 1891" authorityName="Blanchard & Richard" authorityYear="1891" box="[644,1368,1312,1337]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Onychocamptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mohammed">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE032FFB87CF9FA8516A3394D" box="[644,974,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Onychocamptus mohammed</emphasis>
|
||
(Blanchard & Richard, 1891)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE032FFB87EEAFAE1148D3929" authority="Sars, 1903" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,480,1349,1374]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Canthocamptidae Sars, 1903</taxonomicName>
|
||
were represented by five species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE032FFB87DEEFAE111893929" authority="Chappuis, 1929" authorityName="Chappuis" authorityYear="1929" box="[915,1252,1349,1374]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE032FFB87DEEFAE111493929" box="[915,1060,1349,1373]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Elaphoidella</emphasis>
|
||
Chappuis, 1929
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE032FFB87EEAFACD14F639F5" authority="Brady, 1880" authorityName="Brady" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,411,1384,1409]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Attheyella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE032FFB87EEAFACD146439F5" box="[151,265,1385,1409]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Attheyella</emphasis>
|
||
Brady, 1880
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and one species of the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE032FFB87C86FACD112139F5" authority="Chappuis, 1928" authorityName="Chappuis" authorityYear="1928" box="[763,1100,1384,1409]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Bryocamptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE032FFB87C86FACD16E239F4" box="[763,911,1385,1408]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Bryocamptus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B60D4B08E032FFB87DEAFACC112139F5" author="Chappuis" box="[919,1100,1384,1409]" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" refString="Chappuis, P. A. (1928) Neue Harpacticiden aus Java. Treubia, 10, 271 - 283." type="journal article" year="1928">Chappuis, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE032FFB87A25FACD10F139F5" authority="Mrazek, 1893" authorityName="Mrazek" authorityYear="1893" box="[1112,1436,1384,1409]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Epactophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE032FFB87A25FACD119A39F5" box="[1112,1271,1385,1409]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Epactophanes</emphasis>
|
||
Mrázek, 1893
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE032FFB87EBAFA2A144B39D1" box="[199,294,1422,1445]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Moraria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE032FFB87EBAFA2A144B39D1" box="[199,294,1422,1445]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Moraria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
T. & A. Scott, 1893. Two of those taxa,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE032FFB87C8BFA29160539D1" box="[758,872,1421,1445]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Attheyella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE032FFB87C8BFA29160539D1" box="[758,872,1421,1445]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Attheyella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE032FFB87DB5FA2A114A39D1" box="[968,1063,1422,1445]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Moraria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE032FFB87DB5FA2A114A39D1" box="[968,1063,1422,1445]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Moraria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., are still undescribed and are considered as stygophilic when considered on their habitats. However, they were found in low numbers, thus their ecological affinities (i.e. either stygobionts or stygophiles) are not yet clear.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE032FFB87D8BFA7110F13999" authority="Mrazek, 1893" authorityName="Mrazek" authorityYear="1893" box="[1014,1436,1493,1518]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Epactophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="richardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE032FFB87D8BFA7111953999" box="[1014,1272,1493,1517]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Epactophanes richardi</emphasis>
|
||
Mrázek, 1893
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE032FFB87EB7FA5D16043A65" authority="Blanchard & Richard, 1891" authorityName="Blanchard & Richard" authorityYear="1891" box="[202,873,1528,1553]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Onychocamptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mohammed">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE032FFB87EB7FA5D17663A65" box="[202,523,1529,1553]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Onychocamptus mohammed</emphasis>
|
||
(Blanchard & Richard, 1891)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are cosmopolitan. Some evidence indicates that further detailed analyses of microcharacters could eventually reveal them to be cryptic species (Schizas & Shirley 1994;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B60D4B08E032FFB87EA3F9E5149A3A2D" author="Bruno" box="[222,503,1600,1625]" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" refString="Bruno, M. C. & Cottarelli, V. (1999) Harpacticoids from groundwaters in the Philippines: Parastenocaris mangyans, new species, Epactophanes philippinus, new species, and redescription of Phyllognathopus bassoti (Copepoda). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 19, 510 - 529. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1549260" type="journal article" year="1999">Bruno & Cottarelli 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The ecology of the two species in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AA8B7669E032FFB87DEDF9E416AE3A2D" box="[912,963,1600,1625]" name="Thailand" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Thai</collectingCountry>
|
||
caves differs.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE032FFB87A1AF9E510053A2D" box="[1127,1384,1601,1625]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Epactophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="richardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE032FFB87A1AF9E510053A2D" box="[1127,1384,1601,1625]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Epactophanes richardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected from the pools in Tham Chiang Dao cave (Chiang Mai Province) and Tham Phar Ngam cave (Lampang Province) filled exclusively by dripping water and was mainly colonized by epikarstic species as a result of limitation of water bodies connection. On the other hand,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE032FFB87D61F90916D23AB1" box="[796,959,1709,1733]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Onychocamptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mohammed">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE032FFB87D61F90916D23AB1" box="[796,959,1709,1733]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">O. mohammed</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected in a spring with many water bodies connection as well as species interactions, from Tham Yai Nam Nao cave, Phetchabun Province (see Fig. 8).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E032FFB97EBAF95211573CA0" blockId="14.[151,1437,1204,2022]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">
|
||
We collected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE032FFB87F23F95216563B79" authority="Mrazek, 1893" authorityName="Mrazek" authorityYear="1893" box="[350,827,1781,1806]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Bryocamptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE032FFB87F23F952149F3B79" box="[350,498,1782,1805]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Bryocamptus</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE032FFB87C66F95117EB3B79" box="[539,646,1781,1805]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Mrázek, 1893)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in several sites either in pools filled partly by swallow streams after heavy rain and partly by dripping water or in a spring. The species has been recorded in caves from two provinces: Phetchabun Province (Tham Yai Nam Nao cave (c.
|
||
<quantity id="15649B1CE032FFB87DF2F89916BA3B21" box="[911,983,1853,1878]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
|
||
from the entrance) and Tham Bar Dahn cave (
|
||
<quantity id="15649B1CE032FFB87EA1F8C514753B0C" box="[220,280,1889,1913]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
|
||
from the entrance) of Nam Nao National Park) and Lampang Province (Tham Nam cave of Jaesorn National Park). The species was always collected in low numbers. Copulas were not observed but copepodites were present in some localities, suggesting that caves are also an alternative habitat for this taxon. Sometimes it cooccurs with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE032FFB87F51F86A148E3B91" box="[300,483,1998,2021]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namnaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE032FFB87F51F86A148E3B91" box="[300,483,1998,2021]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">E. namnaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE032FFB87C5BF86A17A93B91" box="[550,708,1997,2021]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE032FFB87C5BF86A17A93B91" box="[550,708,1997,2021]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">E. intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE032FFB87CA4F86A11C43B91" authority="Mrazek, 1893" authorityName="Mrazek" authorityYear="1893" box="[729,1193,1997,2022]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Bryocamptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE032FFB87CA4F86A16883B91" box="[729,997,1997,2021]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="95">Bryocamptus echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Mrázek, 1893)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was initially described from Europe, has been so far reported from different habitats, mainly from the Palaearctic zooregion, including porous aquifers (=alluvium), caves, springs and lakes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B60D4B08E033FFB97D16FF1811423CA0" author="Stoch" box="[875,1071,188,213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="96" refString="Stoch, F., Gerecke, R., Pieri, V., Rossetti, G. & Sambugar, B. (2011) Exploring species distribution of spring meiofauna (Annelida, Acari, Crustacea) in the south-eastern Alps. Journal of Limnology, 70, 65 - 76. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4081 / jlimnol. 2011. s 1.65" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Stoch
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE033FFB97DC9FF1916883CA0" box="[948,997,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="86E36671E033FFB97EEAFEA010563D6F" box="[151,1339,260,283]" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E033FFB97EEAFEA010563D6F" blockId="15.[151,1339,260,283]" box="[151,1339,260,283]" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE033FFB97EEAFEA0146E3D6F" bold="true" box="[151,259,260,283]" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">TABLE 2</emphasis>
|
||
. List of Harpacticoda collected from caves in the northern part of Thailand; (+ = present, - = absent).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E033FFB97C33FE9210273D1B" blockId="15.[159,1401,310,824]" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">Females Males juveniles Unsaturated Saturated zone zone</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E033FFB97EE2FE26177B3DED" blockId="15.[159,1401,310,824]" box="[159,534,386,409]" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">Family Canthocamtidae Sars, 1906</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E033FFB97EE2FE01176E3F63" blockId="15.[159,1401,310,824]" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE033FFB97EE2FE0114EA3DC8" box="[159,391,421,444]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Attheyella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vietnamica">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE033FFB97EE2FE0114EA3DC8" box="[159,391,421,444]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">Attheyella vietnamica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
* 3 - - stygobite + -
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE033FFB97EE2FE6C14663DAB" box="[159,267,456,479]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Attheyella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE033FFB97EE2FE6C14663DAB" box="[159,267,456,479]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">Attheyella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 2 1 - stygophile - +
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE033FFB97EE2FE4E14D73E75" box="[159,442,490,513]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Bryocamptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE033FFB97EE2FE4E14463E75" box="[159,299,490,513]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">Bryocamptus</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE033FFB97F29FE4E14D73E75" box="[340,442,490,513]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
* 26 - 16 stygophile - +
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE033FFB97EE2FDA914A53E50" box="[159,456,525,548]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromeliaecola">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE033FFB97EE2FDA914A53E50" box="[159,456,525,548]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">Elaphoidella bromeliaecola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
* 223 60 25 stygophile + +
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE033FFB97EE2FD9414DD3E33" box="[159,432,560,583]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE033FFB97EE2FD9414C83E33" box="[159,421,560,583]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">Elaphoidella intermedia</taxonomicName>
|
||
*
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
136 - 11 stygophile + +
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE033FFB97EE2FDF614D73E1D" box="[159,442,594,617]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namnaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE033FFB97EE2FDF614D73E1D" box="[159,442,594,617]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">Elaphoidella namnaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
248 - 66 stygobite + +
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE033FFB97EE2FDD114D03EF8" box="[159,445,629,652]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thailandensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE033FFB97EE2FDD114D03EF8" box="[159,445,629,652]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">Elaphoidella thailandensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
24 9 - stygobite + -
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE033FFB97EE2FD3C14D93EDB" box="[159,436,664,687]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaesornensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE033FFB97EE2FD3C14D93EDB" box="[159,436,664,687]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">Elaphoidella jaesornensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
30 - 3 stygobite + -
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE033FFB97EE2FD1E14FF3EA5" box="[159,402,698,721]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Epactophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="richardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE033FFB97EE2FD1E14FF3EA5" box="[159,402,698,721]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">Epactophanes richardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
* 19 - - stygophile + -
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE033FFB97EE2FD7915943E80" box="[159,249,733,756]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Moraria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE033FFB97EE2FD7915943E80" box="[159,249,733,756]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">Moraria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.** 2 - - stygobite(?) + - Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE033FFB97E8CFCA4176E3F63" authority="Scott, 1905" authorityName="Scott" authorityYear="1905" box="[241,515,768,791]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Laophontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Laophontidae Scott, 1905</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E033FFB97EE2FC86104F3F44" blockId="15.[159,1401,310,824]" box="[159,1314,794,824]" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE033FFB97EE2FC8614D03F4C" box="[159,445,802,824]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Onychocamptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mohammed">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE033FFB97EE2FC8614D03F4C" box="[159,445,802,824]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">Onychocamptus mohammed</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1 - - stygoxene - +
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E033FFB97EEAFCFD16C43F04" blockId="15.[151,937,857,880]" box="[151,937,857,880]" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">
|
||
* = new record for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AA8B7669E033FFB97F19FCFD14AB3F04" box="[356,454,857,880]" name="Thailand" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
; ** = species presumed to be new to science.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E033FFB97EEAF95E17B43BC3" blockId="15.[151,1436,1786,1975]" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE033FFB97EEAF95E147E3B7B" bold="true" box="[151,275,1786,1808]" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
The geographical distribution of harpacticoids in caves from Northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AA8B7669E033FFB97D97F95E11253B64" box="[1002,1096,1786,1808]" name="Thailand" pageId="15" pageNumber="96">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
: dots = sampling sites (sites K–O are represented by one common dot); stars = towns; numbers = species numbers as in
|
||
<tableCitation id="9F1E0342E033FFB97A72F8BF11333B45" box="[1039,1118,1819,1841]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="15.[151,239,260,283]" captionText="TABLE 2. List of Harpacticoda collected from caves in the northern part of Thailand; (+ = present, - = absent)." pageId="15" pageNumber="96">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
; Sampled caves: A, Tham Lod cave; B, Tham Chiang Dao cave; C, Tham Phar Ngam cave; D, Tham Nam cave; E, Tham Keaw Komon cave; F, Tham Nam Phar Pha Ngam cave; G, Tham Mae Usa cave; H, Tham Khun cave; I, Tham Bot Wangna cave; J, Tham Duean Tham Dao cave; K, Tham Yai Nam Nao cave; L, Unnamed cave; M, Tham Song Hong cave; N, Tham Phar Pha Rai cave; O, Tham Payanaak cave; P, Tham Bar Dahn cave; Q, Tham Phar Hong cave.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E02CFFA67EBAFF3C14B73C8C" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67EBAFF3C17023CC4" authority="Borutzky, 1967" authorityName="Borutzky" authorityYear="1967" box="[199,623,151,176]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Attheyella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vietnamica">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67EBAFF3C14D73CDB" box="[199,442,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">Attheyella vietnamica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B60D4B08E02CFFA67FBCFF3317023CC4" author="Borutzky" box="[449,623,151,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" refString="Borutzky, E. V. (1967) Freshwater Copepoda Harpacticoida of North Vietnam. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR, 46, 1015 - 1023." type="journal article" year="1967">Borutzky, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was originally described from a cave water reservoir in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AA8B7669E02CFFA67B4BFF3310F53CC4" box="[1334,1432,151,176]" name="Vietnam" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
, was also found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AA8B7669E02CFFA67F16FF1814BF3CA1" box="[363,466,188,213]" name="Thailand" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. They were collected only in pools filled by percolating water in Tham Bot Wangna cave (Phitsanulok Province).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E02CFFA67EBAFEA0119D3D81" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">
|
||
Representatives of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67C63FEA017C23D68" box="[542,687,260,284]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67C63FEA017C23D68" box="[542,687,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">Elaphoidella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are, beyond any doubt, the most common inhabitants of karstic environments in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AA8B7669E02CFFA67F20FE8314A93D34" box="[349,452,295,320]" name="Thailand" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. So far, representatives of six
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67D4EFE8C16A93D34" box="[819,964,296,320]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67D4EFE8C16A93D34" box="[819,964,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">Elaphoidella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (including the two new species described here) have been recorded from groundwater habitats in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AA8B7669E02CFFA67DD0FEE811793D11" box="[941,1044,332,357]" name="Thailand" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Five of them (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67AABFEE914313DFC" authority="Chappuis, 1928" authorityName="Chappuis" authorityYear="1928" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromeliaecola">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67AABFEE910F13D10" box="[1238,1436,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">E. bromeliaecola</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B60D4B08E02CFFA67EE3FECB14393DFC" author="Chappuis" box="[158,340,367,392]" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" refString="Chappuis, P. A. (1928) Neue Harpacticiden aus Java. Treubia, 10, 271 - 283." type="journal article" year="1928">Chappuis, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67F14FED517D03DFC" authority="Chappuis, 1931" authorityName="Chappuis" authorityYear="1931" box="[361,701,367,392]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67F14FED5176F3DFC" box="[361,514,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">E. intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B60D4B08E02CFFA67C76FECB17D03DFC" author="Chappuis" box="[523,701,367,392]" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" refString="Chappuis, P. A. (1931) Copepoda Harpacticoida der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda- Expedition. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement 8, 512 - 584." type="book chapter" year="1931">Chappuis, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67CB7FED510153DFC" authority="Brancelj, Watiroyram & Sanoamuang, 2010" authorityName="Brancelj, Watiroyram & Sanoamuang" authorityYear="2010" box="[714,1400,367,392]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namnaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67CB7FED516113DF3" box="[714,892,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">E. namnaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B60D4B08E02CFFA67DF9FECB10153DFC" author="Brancelj" box="[900,1400,367,392]" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" refString="Brancelj, A., Watiroyram, S. & Sanoamuang, L. (2010) The first record of cave-dwelling Copepoda from Thailand and description of a new species: Elaphoidella namnaoensis, n. sp. (Copepoda, Harpacticoida). Crustaceana, 83, 779 - 793. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 001121610 X 502894" type="journal article" year="2010">Brancelj, Watiroyram & Sanoamuang, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67BF9FED514413DD8" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thailandensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67BF9FED514413DD8" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">E. thailandensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67F4BFE3014FE3DD9" bold="true" box="[310,403,404,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FBDB5790E02CFFA67F4BFE3014FE3DD9" box="[310,403,404,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67FB2FE3117103DD8" box="[463,637,405,428]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaesornensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67FB2FE3117103DD8" box="[463,637,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">E. jaesornensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67CFAFE3017803DD9" bold="true" box="[647,749,404,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FBDB5790E02CFFA67CFAFE3017883DD9" box="[647,741,404,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
inhabit the unsaturated zone in karstic caves. From porous aquifers in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AA8B7669E02CFFA67F69FE1314153DA4" box="[276,376,439,464]" name="Thailand" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67FCAFE1D16063DA4" authority="Pesce & Apotolov, 1985" authorityName="Pesce & Apotolov" authorityYear="1985" box="[439,875,439,464]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="margaritae">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67FCAFE1D173E3DBB" box="[439,595,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">E. margaritae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B60D4B08E02CFFA67C27FE1C16063DA4" author="Pesce" box="[602,875,439,464]" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" refString="Pesce, G. L. & Apotolov, A. (1985) Elaphoidella margaritae sp. n., a new phreatobitic harpacticoid from subterranean waters of Thailand (Crustacea, Copepoda, Canthocamptidae). Acta Zoological Bulgarica, 28, 70 - 75." type="journal article" year="1985">Pesce & Apotolov, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known so far, which was found in a dug well in Phuket Province (southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AA8B7669E02CFFA67FBAFE78175D3D81" box="[455,560,476,501]" name="Thailand" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
). All these species still seem to be restricted to Southeast Asia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E02CFFA67EBAFDA4171F3EDC" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">
|
||
Among the six
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67F0CFDA4176F3E6C" box="[369,514,512,536]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67F0CFDA4176F3E6C" box="[369,514,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">Elaphoidella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AA8B7669E02CFFA67D79FE5B16073E6C" box="[772,874,511,536]" name="Thailand" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67D08FDA511443E6C" box="[885,1065,512,536]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thailandensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67D08FDA511443E6C" box="[885,1065,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">E. thailandensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67A23FDA510653E63" box="[1118,1288,512,536]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaesornensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67A23FDA510653E63" box="[1118,1288,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">E. jaesornensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are rare. The former species has been so far found only in two caves located
|
||
<quantity id="15649B1CE02CFFA67D10FD8016CA3E49" box="[877,935,548,573]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||
apart, Tham Bot Wangna cave and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="0D27885BE02CFFA67B11FD8110F13E49" box="[1388,1436,549,573]" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (Phitsanulok Province). The latter species seems to be restricted to a single cave in Lampang Province, Tham Phar Ngam cave. Three other species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67CCBFDC916393EF0" box="[694,852,620,644]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67CCBFDC916393EF0" box="[694,852,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">E. intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67D15FDC911723EF0" box="[872,1055,621,644]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namnaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67D15FDC911723EF0" box="[872,1055,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">E. namnaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67A1CFDC9104A3EF0" box="[1121,1319,620,644]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromeliaecola">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67A1CFDC9104A3EF0" box="[1121,1319,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">E. bromeliaecola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more frequent and are discussed in detail below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E02CFFA67EBAFD1017463F61" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67EBAFD1017A43EB9" bold="true" box="[199,713,692,717]" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">
|
||
Ecology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67F30FD1014953EB9" box="[333,504,692,717]" class="Maxillopoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Harpacticoida</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AA8B7669E02CFFA67C3FFD1017173EB9" box="[578,634,692,717]" name="Thailand" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">Thai</collectingCountry>
|
||
caves.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Some preliminary conclusions on the ecology of cave-dwelling harpacticoids could be drawn only for the most common species, i.e., those which were collected on several occasions and in different locations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E02CFFA67EBAFC8411B2387B" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67EBAFC8414B73F4C" box="[199,474,800,824]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67EBAFC8414B73F4C" box="[199,474,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">Elaphoidella intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was the most frequently encountered species and widely distributed throughout the study areas, except in Chiang Mai Province. This is probably the result of the low number of samples taken from the latter locality (see Fig. 8). Also, it was found in a wide range of habitats: pools on muddy floor fed by percolating water or/and stream water, pools on solid rock and on the bottom of streams. Egg-carrying females (9–
|
||
<specimenCount id="C49AFD70E02CFFA67EC0FC0B15B53FBC" box="[189,216,943,968]" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" type="egg">15</specimenCount>
|
||
eggs per clutch) were abundant in dripping pools (on
|
||
<date id="A6221039E02CFFA67D37FC1416943FBC" box="[842,1017,944,968]" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" value="2011-01-08">8 January 2011</date>
|
||
) compared to those in samples from amphibious and saturated zones; actually no males were found in habitats connected with subterranean streams.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67EEAFC5C14CA3864" box="[151,423,1016,1040]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67EEAFC5C14CA3864" box="[151,423,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">Elaphoidella intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
co-occurred with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67C09FC5D1648387B" box="[628,805,1016,1040]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namnaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67C09FC5D1648387B" box="[628,805,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">E. namnaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67D49FC5D16993864" box="[820,1012,1016,1040]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromeliaecola">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67D49FC5D16993864" box="[820,1012,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">E. bromeliaecola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67A57FC5D11BA3864" box="[1066,1239,1015,1040]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Bryocamptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67A57FC5D112F3864" box="[1066,1090,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">B.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67A11FC5C11BA3864" box="[1132,1239,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E02CFFA67EBAFBB811643A7C" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67EBAFBB8176E3840" box="[199,515,1052,1076]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromeliaecola">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67EBAFBB8176E3840" box="[199,515,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">Elaphoidella bromeliaecola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found in both unsaturated and saturated zones in three caves of Nam Nao National Park. More than 200 individuals were collected in one single sample taken from a Buddha’s pot filled exclusively with dripping water (on
|
||
<date id="A6221039E02CFFA67C48FBC017983808" box="[565,757,1124,1149]" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" value="2008-01-27">27 January 2008</date>
|
||
). It was much less common in pools in a gallery filled with percolated water and/or stream water. In the case of the pot sample, the sex ratio was 2: 1 (female: male). Among all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67EC0FB08143038B1" box="[189,349,1196,1221]" class="Maxillopoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Harpacticoida</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it was the only species with specimens found also in copula (found in pot only): 20 pairs in copula (with
|
||
<specimenCount id="C49AFD70E02CFFA67F46FB7414C2389C" box="[315,431,1231,1256]" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" type="female">8 females</specimenCount>
|
||
already with egg sacs (ranging from 9–
|
||
<specimenCount id="C49AFD70E02CFFA67DD9FB7416AD389C" box="[932,960,1232,1256]" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" type="egg">24</specimenCount>
|
||
eggs per clutch) and
|
||
<specimenCount id="C49AFD70E02CFFA67AA4FB741036389C" box="[1241,1371,1231,1256]" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" type="female">12 females</specimenCount>
|
||
with spermatophores). In addition, there were
|
||
<specimenCount id="C49AFD70E02CFFA67C15FB50178E3979" box="[616,739,1268,1293]" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" type="female">40 females</specimenCount>
|
||
with egg-sacs and
|
||
<specimenCount id="C49AFD70E02CFFA67DC1FB50115A3979" box="[956,1079,1268,1293]" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" type="female">18 females</specimenCount>
|
||
with spermatophores. Presence of copulas, egg-sacs and spermatophores indicates that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67D7BFABD16AB3944" box="[774,966,1304,1328]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromeliaecola">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67D7BFABD16AB3944" box="[774,966,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">E. bromeliaecola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can probably breed in small cracks in the ceiling (i.e. subterranean habitat) which are inhabited by true stygobionts. As mentioned in the introduction,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67BF9FA991455390C" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromeliaecola">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67BF9FA991455390C" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">E. bromeliaecola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described from phytothelmata (i.e. epigean habitat) which could somehow characterised it as a “stygophilic species”. In fact, connection between phytothelmata and dripping water is not unlikely in karstic areas, as animals from phytothelmata can be easily washed into the epikarstic zone during heavy rain. A high population in a single pot suggests that the cave habitat is suitable for this species, but additional studies on its local distribution in epigean habitats (phytothelmata) are needed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E02CFFA67EBAF9B017C13AC9" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">
|
||
The two new species have been found only in pools filled with dripping water in small caves, with no connection to surface waters (for details on water characteristics see
|
||
<tableCitation id="9F1E0342E02CFFA67DB9F99311703A24" box="[964,1053,1591,1616]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="17.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 3. Range of values of some environmental parameters from localities where harpacticoid copepods were sampled." pageId="16" pageNumber="97">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). This indicates that the original habitat of the species is the unsaturated karstic zone, inhabited by true stygobionts (
|
||
<tableCitation id="9F1E0342E02CFFA67A45F9F811E23A00" box="[1080,1167,1628,1653]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="15.[151,239,260,283]" captionText="TABLE 2. List of Harpacticoda collected from caves in the northern part of Thailand; (+ = present, - = absent)." pageId="16" pageNumber="97">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Additional support for their stygobiotic nature comes from the fact that specimens of both new species are eyeless, a common characteristic of stygobiotic species worldwide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E02CFFA67EBAF96C17963BCD" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">
|
||
A comparison of the distribution of three stygobiotic species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67DC4F96D111D3AAB" box="[953,1136,1736,1760]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namnaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67DC4F96D111D3AAB" box="[953,1136,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">E. namnaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67AF8F96D102D3A94" box="[1157,1344,1736,1760]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thailandensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67AF8F96D102D3A94" box="[1157,1344,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">E. thailandensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67BF9F96D144E3B70" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaesornensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67BF9F96D144E3B70" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">E. jaesornensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) revealed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67FAEF94917EB3B70" box="[467,646,1773,1796]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namnaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67FAEF94917EB3B70" box="[467,646,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">E. namnaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is rather common, both in unsaturated as well as in saturated zones throughout the study areas (present in 75 % of samples), whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67DE9F8B511273B5C" box="[916,1098,1808,1832]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thailandensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67DE9F8B511273B5C" box="[916,1098,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">E. thailandensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67AFBF8B510593B53" box="[1158,1332,1808,1832]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaesornensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67AFBF8B510593B53" box="[1158,1332,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">E. jaesornensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are rare, each of them present in about 7 % of the samples. The two new species appear to be well specialized to epikarst and thus cannot survive for a longer time in the pools, filled with percolating water, whilst
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02CFFA67AFAF8FD10553B1B" box="[1159,1336,1880,1904]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namnaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02CFFA67AFAF8FD10553B1B" box="[1159,1336,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="97">E. namnaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which is less specialized species is different. We suppose that due to different physical and chemical properties of water in the pools as competitors/predators were rare or absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="86E36671E02DFFA77EEAFF3C159A3CBB" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E02DFFA77EEAFF3C159A3CBB" blockId="17.[151,1435,152,207]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77EEAFF3C14643CDB" bold="true" box="[151,265,152,175]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">TABLE 3</emphasis>
|
||
. Range of values of some environmental parameters from localities where harpacticoid copepods were sampled.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E02DFFA77EE2FF4E10433D56" blockId="17.[159,1367,234,637]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Species Altitude Water temperature (°C) pH Conductivity (m a.s.l.) (µS cm -1)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E02DFFA77EE2FE91119B3D3F" blockId="17.[159,1367,234,637]" box="[159,1270,309,331]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77EE2FE9114163D3F" box="[159,379,309,331]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Attheyella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vietnamica">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77EE2FE9114163D3F" box="[159,379,309,331]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Attheyella vietnamica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
202 25.8 8.0 320
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E02DFFA77EE2FEF0119B3D1E" blockId="17.[159,1367,234,637]" box="[159,1270,340,362]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77EE2FEF0146B3D1E" box="[159,262,340,362]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Attheyella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77EE2FEF0146B3D1E" box="[159,262,340,362]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Attheyella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 165 22.2 8.1 390
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E02DFFA77EE2FED710453DFC" blockId="17.[159,1367,234,637]" box="[159,1320,370,392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77EE2FED714C13DFC" box="[159,428,370,392]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Bryocamptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77EE2FED714483DFC" box="[159,293,371,392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Bryocamptus</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77F36FED614C13DFC" box="[331,428,370,392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
167–740 20.0–22.2 7.2–8.1 410–558
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E02DFFA77EE2FE3510453DD3" blockId="17.[159,1367,234,637]" box="[159,1320,401,423]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77EE2FE3514D43DD3" box="[159,441,401,423]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromeliaecola">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77EE2FE3514D43DD3" box="[159,441,401,423]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Elaphoidella bromeliaecola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
684 16.2–21.6 7.9–8.4 593–752
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E02DFFA77EE2FE0B10453DB1" blockId="17.[159,1367,234,637]" box="[159,1320,431,453]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77EE2FE0B14F83DB1" box="[159,405,431,453]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77EE2FE0B14F83DB1" box="[159,405,431,453]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Elaphoidella intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
298–878 17.6–24.0 7.3–8.5 380–834
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E02DFFA77EE2FE6A10453D90" blockId="17.[159,1367,234,637]" box="[159,1320,462,484]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77EE2FE6A14C13D90" box="[159,428,462,484]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namnaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77EE2FE6A14C13D90" box="[159,428,462,484]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Elaphoidella namnaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
457–878 16.7–23.8 7.2–8.7 360–745
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E02DFFA77EE2FE4910453E77" blockId="17.[159,1367,234,637]" box="[159,1320,493,515]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77EE2FE4914C23E77" box="[159,431,493,515]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thailandensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77EE2FE4914C23E77" box="[159,431,493,515]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Elaphoidella thailandensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
159–202 25.2–26.3 8.0–8.2 320–445
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E02DFFA77EE2FDA810453E56" blockId="17.[159,1367,234,637]" box="[159,1320,524,546]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77EE2FDA814CB3E56" box="[159,422,524,546]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaesornensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77EE2FDA814CB3E56" box="[159,422,524,546]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Elaphoidella jaesornensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
167 22.0–22.8 8.0–8.1 210–348
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E02DFFA77EE2FD8E119B3E34" blockId="17.[159,1367,234,637]" box="[159,1270,554,576]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77EE2FD8E14EB3E34" box="[159,390,554,576]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Epactophanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="richardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77EE2FD8E14EB3E34" box="[159,390,554,576]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Epactophanes richardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
457 23.1 7.9 531
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E02DFFA77EE2FDEE103A3E2B" blockId="17.[159,1367,234,637]" box="[159,1367,585,607]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77EE2FDEE15983E2B" box="[159,245,586,607]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Moraria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77EE2FDEE15983E2B" box="[159,245,586,607]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Moraria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 684 not measured not measured not measured
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E02DFFA77EE2FDC3161B386B" blockId="17.[159,1367,234,637]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,706,1595]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77EE2FDC314D03E09" box="[159,445,615,637]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Laophontidae" genus="Onychocamptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mohammed">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77EE2FDC314D03E09" box="[159,445,615,637]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Onychocamptus mohammed</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
650 18.4 7.8 698 In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77E9BFD6714F63EAE" box="[230,411,706,730]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thailandensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77E9BFD6714F63EAE" box="[230,411,706,730]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">E. thailandensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the inner seta on P1 Endp2 are reduced and very short, while P1 Endp1 and P2–P4 Exp2 and 3 are transformed into spine-like setae (see fig. 3A–D). Morphological adaptations, the feather-like transformed seate on P2–P4 Exp of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77C51FCAF17B53F56" box="[556,728,779,802]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaesornensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77C51FCAF17B53F56" box="[556,728,779,802]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">E. jaesornensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resemble more those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77D93FCAF11F23F56" box="[1006,1183,779,802]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namnaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77D93FCAF11F23F56" box="[1006,1183,779,802]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">E. namnaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with which it may be closely related, especially if the hypothesis about allopatric speciation is correct.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77A4AFC8A100B3F32" box="[1079,1382,814,838]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thailandensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77A4AFC8A100B3F32" box="[1079,1382,814,838]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Elaphoidella thailandensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also shares some more pronounced morphological adaptations with stygobiotic species living in the epikarst in the temperate zone (i.e.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77F00FCD317CD3FFB" authority="Petkovski, 1983" authorityName="Petkovski" authorityYear="1983" box="[381,672,886,911]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="franci">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77F00FCD314B23FFB" box="[381,479,887,911]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">E. franci</emphasis>
|
||
Petkovski, 1983
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77CD1FCD316BF3FFB" authority="Brancelj, 2009" authorityName="Brancelj" authorityYear="2009" box="[684,978,886,911]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77CD1FCD316483FFA" box="[684,805,887,910]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">E. tarmani</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B60D4B08E02DFFA77D51FCD216BF3FFB" author="Brancelj" box="[812,978,886,911]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" refString="Brancelj, A. (2009) Fauna of an unsaturated karstic zone in central Slovenia: two new species of Harpacticoida (Crustacea: Copepoda), Elaphoidella millenni n. sp. and E. tarmani n. sp., their ecology and morphological adaptations. Hydrobiologia, 621, 85 - 104. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 008 - 9634 - 3" type="journal article" year="2009">Brancelj, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77D84FCD310433FFB" authority="Brancelj, 2009" authorityName="Brancelj" authorityYear="2009" box="[1017,1326,886,911]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="millennii">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77D84FCD311113FFA" box="[1017,1148,886,910]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">E. millennii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B60D4B08E02DFFA77AF9FCD210433FFB" author="Brancelj" box="[1156,1326,886,911]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" refString="Brancelj, A. (2009) Fauna of an unsaturated karstic zone in central Slovenia: two new species of Harpacticoida (Crustacea: Copepoda), Elaphoidella millenni n. sp. and E. tarmani n. sp., their ecology and morphological adaptations. Hydrobiologia, 621, 85 - 104. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 008 - 9634 - 3" type="journal article" year="2009">Brancelj, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), than the other two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77F6EFC3E14C93FC6" box="[275,420,922,946]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77F6EFC3E14C93FC6" box="[275,420,922,946]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Elaphoidella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, including the reduction in number of segments of swimming legs (Endp P4 completely absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77FF7FC1B17523FA2" box="[394,575,958,982]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thailandensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77FF7FC1B17523FA2" box="[394,575,958,982]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">E. thailandensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), short antennules, an elongated body and reduction of the setae, which are frequently spine-like (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B60D4B08E02DFFA77FEDFC4617583F8F" author="Brancelj" box="[400,565,994,1019]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" refString="Brancelj, A. (2009) Fauna of an unsaturated karstic zone in central Slovenia: two new species of Harpacticoida (Crustacea: Copepoda), Elaphoidella millenni n. sp. and E. tarmani n. sp., their ecology and morphological adaptations. Hydrobiologia, 621, 85 - 104. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 008 - 9634 - 3" type="journal article" year="2009">Brancelj 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These morphological similarities are present also in species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77B6CFC4710F13F8E" box="[1297,1436,995,1018]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Morariopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77B6CFC4710F13F8E" box="[1297,1436,995,1018]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Morariopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77EBBFBA314E8386A" box="[198,389,1031,1054]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Paramorariopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77EBBFBA314E8386A" box="[198,389,1031,1054]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Paramorariopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B60D4B08E02DFFA77FE9FBA2175A386B" author="Brancelj" box="[404,567,1030,1055]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" refString="Brancelj, A. (2006) The epikarst habitat in Slovenia and the description of a new species. Journal of Natural History, 40, 403 - 413. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930600646608" type="journal article" year="2006">Brancelj 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B60D4B08E02DFFA77C3FFBA31713386B" author="Brancelj" box="[578,638,1031,1055]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" refString="Brancelj, A. (2009) Fauna of an unsaturated karstic zone in central Slovenia: two new species of Harpacticoida (Crustacea: Copepoda), Elaphoidella millenni n. sp. and E. tarmani n. sp., their ecology and morphological adaptations. Hydrobiologia, 621, 85 - 104. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 008 - 9634 - 3" type="journal article" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B60D4B08E02DFFA77CF5FBA21607386B" author="Brancelj" box="[648,874,1030,1055]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" refString="Brancelj, A., Watiroyram, S. & Sanoamuang, L. (2010) The first record of cave-dwelling Copepoda from Thailand and description of a new species: Elaphoidella namnaoensis, n. sp. (Copepoda, Harpacticoida). Crustaceana, 83, 779 - 793. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 001121610 X 502894" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Brancelj
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77C93FBA3164A386A" box="[750,807,1030,1054]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D22336F9E02DFFA77EBAFB8E10343A4F" blockId="17.[151,1437,706,1595]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
|
||
Differences in species composition and abundance were observed between unsaturated and saturated zones.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77EEAFBEA14AE3812" box="[151,451,1102,1126]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thailandensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77EEAFBEA14AE3812" box="[151,451,1102,1126]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Elaphoidella thailandensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77FACFBEB17163812" box="[465,635,1103,1126]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaesornensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77FACFBEB17163812" box="[465,635,1103,1126]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">E. jaesornensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77CC5FBEB161A3812" box="[696,887,1102,1126]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromeliaecola">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77CC5FBEB161A3812" box="[696,887,1102,1126]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">E. bromeliaecola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were relatively common in the unsaturated zone. This is especially evident for
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77C7DFBD717A038FE" box="[512,717,1138,1162]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77C7DFBD717A438FE" box="[512,713,1138,1162]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromeliaecola">E. bromeliaecola</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
which was represented by numerous females with eggs (as mentioned before).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77FFDFB3217DC38DA" box="[384,689,1174,1198]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namnaoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77FFDFB3217DC38DA" box="[384,689,1174,1198]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Elaphoidella namnaoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77C88FB3316F938DA" box="[757,916,1174,1198]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77C88FB3316F938DA" box="[757,916,1174,1198]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">E. intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were common to both zones, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77B24FB33146E38A6" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Bryocamptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77B24FB33101F38DA" box="[1369,1394,1175,1198]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">B.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77EEAFB1E146E38A6" box="[151,259,1210,1234]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appeared to be restricted to the saturated zone. In samples originating directly from the epikarst, usually only one species was found, but it was represented by numerous specimens. This reflects the environment, where possibility for horizontal dispersion of aquatic fauna is rather limited, thus inhabitants (i.e. copepods) can have proportionally less predators or competitors than in larger water bodies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B60D4B08E02DFFA77DB5FA821100394B" author="Brancelj" box="[968,1133,1318,1343]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" refString="Brancelj, A. (2006) The epikarst habitat in Slovenia and the description of a new species. Journal of Natural History, 40, 403 - 413. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930600646608" type="journal article" year="2006">Brancelj 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The hypothesis, in which number of specimens and species depend on size, inter-connections, and predation within the drainage basin of each dripping point is supported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B60D4B08E02DFFA77C5BFACA17B739F3" author="Brancelj" box="[550,730,1390,1415]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" refString="Brancelj, A. (2002) Microdistribution and high diversity of Copepoda (Crustacea) in a small cave in central Slovenia. Hydrobiologia, 477, 59 - 72. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1021043014879" type="journal article" year="2002">Brancelj (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In contrast, the species inhabiting amphibious and/or saturated zones were less abundant, but up to 4 harpacticoid species were found together (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77A6FFA3711C739DE" box="[1042,1194,1426,1450]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77A6FFA3711C739DE" box="[1042,1194,1426,1450]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">E. intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77ACAFA37101A39DE" box="[1207,1399,1426,1450]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Elaphoidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bromeliaecola">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77ACAFA37101A39DE" box="[1207,1399,1426,1450]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">E. bromeliaecola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77BF9FA37144139BA" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Bryocamptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77BF9FA3710F839DE" box="[1412,1429,1427,1450]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">B</emphasis>
|
||
. cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77EBCFA12144139BA" box="[193,300,1462,1486]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77F0AFA12148439BA" box="[375,489,1462,1486]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Attheyella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77F0AFA12148439BA" box="[375,489,1462,1486]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Attheyella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.) along with cyclopoid copepods (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77DC8FA12100839BB" authority="Fischer, 1851" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1851" box="[949,1381,1462,1487]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Eucyclops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77DC8FA1211C539BA" box="[949,1192,1462,1486]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Eucyclops serrulatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Fischer, 1851)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="159C4D7AE02DFFA77EEAFA7E17003987" authority="Fischer, 1853" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,621,1498,1523]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Cyclopidae" genus="Paracyclops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0E8EAEBE02DFFA77EEAFA7E14CE3986" box="[151,419,1498,1522]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Paracyclops fimbriatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Fischer, 1853))
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In saturated systems, there is a greater dispersion for animals in a horizontal distribution as a result of good interconnection between water bodies. Therefore, different species could be found together easier than those in epikarst, but their abundance is controlled by the co-occurring species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |