386 lines
54 KiB
XML
386 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.276235" ID-GBIF-Dataset="94961914-ee49-401d-bc0b-93696d975c30" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="276235" checkinTime="1460319774187" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kortenhaus, Sabine & Wagner, Thomas" docDate="2010" docId="03EA500AFF87C95684F1FCC7FC91DD6F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02659p052.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2659" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@fb6097b" docStyleName="zootaxa.2007.journal_article" docTitle="Ootheca" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="FFD32872FF84C9528466FFA8FFE9DA2D" masterDocTitle="Revision of Ootheca Chevrolat, 1837 from tropical Africa — redescriptions, descriptions of new species and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae)" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1645470656461" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Revision of Ootheca Chevrolat, 1837 from tropical Africa — redescriptions, descriptions of new species and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Kortenhaus, Sabine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Wagner, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>2659</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.276235</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">94961914-ee49-401d-bc0b-93696d975c30</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">276235</mods:identifier>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,465,879,905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Redescription of
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<taxonomicName box="[364,465,879,905]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ootheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[364,465,879,905]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ootheca</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Chevrolat, 1837: 402" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityPageNumber="402" authorityYear="1837" box="[151,477,946,969]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ootheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[151,241,946,969]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ootheca</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation author="Chevrolat" box="[248,477,946,969]" page="402" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1837">
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<bibRefCitation author="Chevrolat" box="[248,423,946,969]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Chevrolat, L. A. A. (1837) Ootheca. In: Dejean, P. (ed.), Catalogue des Coleopteres de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean, Vol. 5 [3 rd ed.], Paris, p. 402." type="journal article" year="1837">
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Chevrolat,
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<number box="[366,423,946,969]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1837.0">1837</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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:
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<number box="[434,477,946,969]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="402.0">402</number>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1436,946,1065]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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=
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<taxonomicName authority="Chapuis, 1879: 27" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityPageNumber="27" authorityYear="1879" box="[172,455,978,1001]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ergana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[172,251,978,1001]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ergana</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation author="Chapuis" box="[258,455,978,1001]" page="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1879">
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<bibRefCitation author="Chapuis" box="[258,415,978,1001]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Chapuis, F. (1879) Phytophages Abyssiniens du Musee Civique d'Histoire Naturelle de Genes. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 15, 15 - 31." type="journal article" year="1879">
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Chapuis,
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<number box="[358,415,978,1001]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1879.0">1879</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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:
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<number box="[426,455,978,1001]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="27.0">27</number>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation author="Seeno" box="[467,757,978,1001]" page="111" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1982">
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<bibRefCitation author="Seeno" box="[467,707,978,1001]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Seeno, T. N. & Wilcox, J. A. (1982) Leaf beetle genera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Entomography, 1, 1 - 221." type="journal article" year="1982">
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Seeno & Wilcox
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<number box="[650,707,978,1001]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1982.0">1982</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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:
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<number box="[717,757,978,1001]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="111.0">111</number>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus box="[151,204,1010,1033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName authority="Sahlberg, 1829" authorityName="Sahlberg" authorityYear="1829" box="[302,681,1010,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Crioceris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Mutabilis">
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<emphasis box="[302,509,1010,1033]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Crioceris mutabilis</emphasis>
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Sahlberg,
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<number box="[625,681,1010,1033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1829.0">1829</number>
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</taxonomicName>
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; in
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<treatmentCitation author="Chevrolat" box="[720,957,1010,1033]" page="402" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1837">
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<bibRefCitation author="Chevrolat" box="[720,957,1010,1033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Chevrolat, L. A. A. (1837) Ootheca. In: Dejean, P. (ed.), Catalogue des Coleopteres de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean, Vol. 5 [3 rd ed.], Paris, p. 402." type="journal article" year="1837">
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Chevrolat (
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<number box="[841,899,1010,1033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1837.0">1837</number>
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:
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<number box="[909,951,1010,1033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="402.0">402</number>
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)
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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by monotypy; later designated by
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<bibRefCitation author="Chevrolat" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Chevrolat, L. A. A. (1849) Galerucites. In: D'Orbigny, Ch. (ed.), Dictionaire Universel d'Histoire Naturelle, 6, Paris, pp. 4 - 6." type="journal article" year="1849">
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Chevrolat (
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<number box="[207,265,1042,1065]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1849.0">1849</number>
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)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,1111,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,308,1111,1137]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Total length.</emphasis>
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<quantity box="[315,489,1112,1138]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="5.2" valueMax="6.8" valueMin="3.6">3.60–6.80 mm</quantity>
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; means of total length for the species range between
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<quantity box="[1110,1284,1112,1138]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.085" metricValueMax="5.98" metricValueMin="4.19" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="5.085" valueMax="5.98" valueMin="4.19">4.19–5.98 mm</quantity>
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. Females are somewhat larger than males.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,1111,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[197,272,1186,1212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Head.</emphasis>
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Pale yellowish to nearly red, brown or black. Maxillary palp yellowish-red, brown or black, last palpomere conical (
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<figureCitation box="[389,464,1224,1250]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="6.[151,271,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[218,1352,200,1792]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[228,1366,173,1813]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Ootheca mutabilis (Sahlberg, 1829). 1 a. Habitus, dorsal view indicating morphometric measurements taken of external characters: TL—total length; EL—elytral length; EW—maximum width of elytra combined; PLpronotal length; PW—pronotal width; WE—maximal width of eye; DE—minimal distance between eyes; 2., 3., 4. — length of second, third and fourth antennomere; TA—length of metatarsus; TI—length of metatibia, Fig. 1 b. Habitus, lateral view. 2. Head, a. ventral, b. dorsal; 3. Antenna; 4. Antennomeres 1 – 4 of two different males and two different females." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276236/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Fig.
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||
<number box="[446,464,1224,1250]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2.0">2</number>
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||
</figureCitation>
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||
). Eyes: convex and ovate (
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<figureCitation box="[789,862,1224,1250]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="6.[151,271,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[218,1352,200,1792]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[228,1366,173,1813]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Ootheca mutabilis (Sahlberg, 1829). 1 a. Habitus, dorsal view indicating morphometric measurements taken of external characters: TL—total length; EL—elytral length; EW—maximum width of elytra combined; PLpronotal length; PW—pronotal width; WE—maximal width of eye; DE—minimal distance between eyes; 2., 3., 4. — length of second, third and fourth antennomere; TA—length of metatarsus; TI—length of metatibia, Fig. 1 b. Habitus, lateral view. 2. Head, a. ventral, b. dorsal; 3. Antenna; 4. Antennomeres 1 – 4 of two different males and two different females." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276236/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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||
Fig.
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||
<number box="[846,862,1224,1250]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2.0">2</number>
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||
</figureCitation>
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||
b); a nearly straight, depressed line between the posterior margins of eyes; means of ratios for maximal eye width to minimal distance between eyes vary from
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<number box="[151,291,1298,1324]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="0.595" valueMax="0.69" valueMin="0.5">0.50 to 0.69</number>
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between species. Labrum yellow to brown or black. Basal antennomeres usually yellowish, from either the fourth or fifth antennomere to terminal antennomere gradually becoming dark-brown to black towards antennal apex, antennae in a few species entirely yellowish or black; mean antennal length to total body length ratio
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<number box="[357,478,1410,1436]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="0.54" valueMax="0.61" valueMin="0.47">0.47–0.61</number>
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||
; mean length ratio of antennomeres two to three
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||
<quantity box="[1047,1220,1410,1436]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.35" metricValueMax="8.8" metricValueMin="5.8999999999999995" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="0.735" valueMax="0.88" valueMin="0.59">0.59–0.88 mm</quantity>
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; mean length ratio of antennomeres three to four
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||
<quantity box="[504,675,1448,1474]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.45" metricValueMax="9.3" metricValueMin="7.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="0.845" valueMax="0.93" valueMin="0.76">0.76–0.93 mm</quantity>
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||
(
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<figureCitation box="[690,797,1448,1474]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="6.[151,271,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[218,1352,200,1792]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[228,1366,173,1813]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Ootheca mutabilis (Sahlberg, 1829). 1 a. Habitus, dorsal view indicating morphometric measurements taken of external characters: TL—total length; EL—elytral length; EW—maximum width of elytra combined; PLpronotal length; PW—pronotal width; WE—maximal width of eye; DE—minimal distance between eyes; 2., 3., 4. — length of second, third and fourth antennomere; TA—length of metatarsus; TI—length of metatibia, Fig. 1 b. Habitus, lateral view. 2. Head, a. ventral, b. dorsal; 3. Antenna; 4. Antennomeres 1 – 4 of two different males and two different females." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276236/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 3, 4</figureCitation>
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).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,1111,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[197,297,1485,1511]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Thorax.</emphasis>
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Prothoracic coxal cavities closed (
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<figureCitation box="[705,774,1485,1511]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 9" captionStartId="7.[151,271,1851,1875]" captionTargetBox="[195,1389,190,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[186,1393,172,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 9. Ootheca mutabilis (Sahlberg, 1829). 5. Pronotum: a. dorsal and b. ventral; 6. Meso- and metathorax, ventral; 1 – mesepisternum, 2 – mesepimeron, 3 – mesosternum, 4 – metepisternum, 5 – mesocoxa, 6 – metasternum, 7 – metepimeron, 8 – metacoxa; 7. Hind wing, venation: A—analis; Cu—cubitus, Cu an—cubitus anterior, M—media, Mr—media radialis, R—radius, Sc—subcosta, rt—radial triangle, rm—cross vein (terminology after Cox & Windsor 1999); 8. Legs: a—prothoracic leg, b—mesothoracic leg, c—metathoracic leg; 9. Abdomen, male, ventral showing sternites 3 – 7." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276237/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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||
Fig.
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||
<number box="[759,774,1485,1511]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="5.0">5</number>
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||
</figureCitation>
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||
b). Pronotum convexly rounded dorsally, lateral margins distinctly demarcated from disc, anterior angles rounded or protrudent in some species (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1180,1250,1522,1548]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 9" captionStartId="7.[151,271,1851,1875]" captionTargetBox="[195,1389,190,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[186,1393,172,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 9. Ootheca mutabilis (Sahlberg, 1829). 5. Pronotum: a. dorsal and b. ventral; 6. Meso- and metathorax, ventral; 1 – mesepisternum, 2 – mesepimeron, 3 – mesosternum, 4 – metepisternum, 5 – mesocoxa, 6 – metasternum, 7 – metepimeron, 8 – metacoxa; 7. Hind wing, venation: A—analis; Cu—cubitus, Cu an—cubitus anterior, M—media, Mr—media radialis, R—radius, Sc—subcosta, rt—radial triangle, rm—cross vein (terminology after Cox & Windsor 1999); 8. Legs: a—prothoracic leg, b—mesothoracic leg, c—metathoracic leg; 9. Abdomen, male, ventral showing sternites 3 – 7." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276237/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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||
Fig.
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||
<number box="[1234,1250,1522,1548]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
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||
); some species, particularly large specimens, with slightly impressed inwardly curved line beginning near to the posterior pronotal angle to the basal third of pronotum, parallel with lateral margins, this fine line defines a slight elevation on the pronotal disc; finely punctuated, mostly a unicolourous pale yellow, reddish or black, with two species displaying a bicolourous pattern; length 1.00–
|
||
<quantity box="[846,954,1672,1698]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.47" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="1.47">1.47 mm</quantity>
|
||
; width
|
||
<quantity box="[1042,1218,1672,1698]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.14" metricValueMax="2.58" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="2.14" valueMax="2.58" valueMin="1.7">1.70–2.58 mm</quantity>
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||
; pronotal width to length ratio
|
||
<number box="[292,409,1709,1735]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1.715" valueMax="1.83" valueMin="1.6">1.60–1.83</number>
|
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(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[425,493,1709,1735]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="6.[151,271,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[218,1352,200,1792]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[228,1366,173,1813]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Ootheca mutabilis (Sahlberg, 1829). 1 a. Habitus, dorsal view indicating morphometric measurements taken of external characters: TL—total length; EL—elytral length; EW—maximum width of elytra combined; PLpronotal length; PW—pronotal width; WE—maximal width of eye; DE—minimal distance between eyes; 2., 3., 4. — length of second, third and fourth antennomere; TA—length of metatarsus; TI—length of metatibia, Fig. 1 b. Habitus, lateral view. 2. Head, a. ventral, b. dorsal; 3. Antenna; 4. Antennomeres 1 – 4 of two different males and two different females." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276236/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Fig.
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||
<number box="[479,493,1709,1735]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1.0">1</number>
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||
</figureCitation>
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||
). Elytral colouration yellowish to reddish, brown or black, mostly unicolourous, some species with a pattern (e.g.
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<figureCitation box="[547,634,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 12" captionStartId="8.[151,277,931,955]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,185,909]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,178,922]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 12. Ootheca mutabilis (Sahlberg, 1829). 10. Median lobe: dorsal (left), lateral (right) with aendophallus, b—tectum; 11. Spermathecae of three different females; 12. Colour pattern." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276238/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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||
Fig.
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<number box="[602,634,1746,1772]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="12.0">12</number>
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||
</figureCitation>
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||
); coarsely and more deeply punctuated than pronotum; punctuation mostly irregular, only
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<taxonomicName box="[423,562,1784,1809]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ootheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Chapuisi">
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<emphasis box="[423,562,1784,1809]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O. chapuisi</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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<taxonomicName box="[622,761,1784,1809]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ootheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Frontalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[622,761,1784,1809]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O. frontalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show a partly seriate punctuation on elytral disc; mean length
|
||
<quantity box="[235,412,1821,1847]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.04" metricValueMax="4.72" metricValueMin="3.36" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="4.04" valueMax="4.72" valueMin="3.36">3.36–4.72 mm</quantity>
|
||
; mean width
|
||
<quantity box="[576,754,1821,1847]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="3.76" metricValueMin="2.64" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="3.2" valueMax="3.76" valueMin="2.64">2.64–3.76 mm</quantity>
|
||
; mean width of elytra together to length of elytron ratio
|
||
<number box="[151,277,1858,1884]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="0.7649999999999999" valueMax="0.82" valueMin="0.71">0.71–0.82</number>
|
||
. Scutellum obtusely / nearly triangular, yellow to black. Meso- and metathorax from yellow to black. Meso- and metasternum very broad (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[663,735,1896,1922]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 9" captionStartId="7.[151,271,1851,1875]" captionTargetBox="[195,1389,190,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[186,1393,172,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 9. Ootheca mutabilis (Sahlberg, 1829). 5. Pronotum: a. dorsal and b. ventral; 6. Meso- and metathorax, ventral; 1 – mesepisternum, 2 – mesepimeron, 3 – mesosternum, 4 – metepisternum, 5 – mesocoxa, 6 – metasternum, 7 – metepimeron, 8 – metacoxa; 7. Hind wing, venation: A—analis; Cu—cubitus, Cu an—cubitus anterior, M—media, Mr—media radialis, R—radius, Sc—subcosta, rt—radial triangle, rm—cross vein (terminology after Cox & Windsor 1999); 8. Legs: a—prothoracic leg, b—mesothoracic leg, c—metathoracic leg; 9. Abdomen, male, ventral showing sternites 3 – 7." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276237/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[718,735,1896,1922]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="6.0">6</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Alae fully developed (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1019,1091,1896,1922]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 9" captionStartId="7.[151,271,1851,1875]" captionTargetBox="[195,1389,190,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[186,1393,172,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 9. Ootheca mutabilis (Sahlberg, 1829). 5. Pronotum: a. dorsal and b. ventral; 6. Meso- and metathorax, ventral; 1 – mesepisternum, 2 – mesepimeron, 3 – mesosternum, 4 – metepisternum, 5 – mesocoxa, 6 – metasternum, 7 – metepimeron, 8 – metacoxa; 7. Hind wing, venation: A—analis; Cu—cubitus, Cu an—cubitus anterior, M—media, Mr—media radialis, R—radius, Sc—subcosta, rt—radial triangle, rm—cross vein (terminology after Cox & Windsor 1999); 8. Legs: a—prothoracic leg, b—mesothoracic leg, c—metathoracic leg; 9. Abdomen, male, ventral showing sternites 3 – 7." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276237/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1074,1091,1896,1922]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="7.0">7</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Legs either unicolourous in all variations of brown, reddish to nearly black, or the tibial apex and tarsi darker than femur; four species show paler brownish femoral apices and /or tarsomeres; mean length of metatarsus to length of metatibia ratio
|
||
<number box="[151,272,2008,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="0.22999999999999998" valueMax="0.25" valueMin="0.21">0.21–0.25</number>
|
||
; claws appendiculate (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[536,610,2008,2034]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="6.[151,271,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[218,1352,200,1792]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[228,1366,173,1813]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Ootheca mutabilis (Sahlberg, 1829). 1 a. Habitus, dorsal view indicating morphometric measurements taken of external characters: TL—total length; EL—elytral length; EW—maximum width of elytra combined; PLpronotal length; PW—pronotal width; WE—maximal width of eye; DE—minimal distance between eyes; 2., 3., 4. — length of second, third and fourth antennomere; TA—length of metatarsus; TI—length of metatibia, Fig. 1 b. Habitus, lateral view. 2. Head, a. ventral, b. dorsal; 3. Antenna; 4. Antennomeres 1 – 4 of two different males and two different females." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276236/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[624,640,2008,2034]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 9" captionStartId="7.[151,271,1851,1875]" captionTargetBox="[195,1389,190,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[186,1393,172,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 9. Ootheca mutabilis (Sahlberg, 1829). 5. Pronotum: a. dorsal and b. ventral; 6. Meso- and metathorax, ventral; 1 – mesepisternum, 2 – mesepimeron, 3 – mesosternum, 4 – metepisternum, 5 – mesocoxa, 6 – metasternum, 7 – metepimeron, 8 – metacoxa; 7. Hind wing, venation: A—analis; Cu—cubitus, Cu an—cubitus anterior, M—media, Mr—media radialis, R—radius, Sc—subcosta, rt—radial triangle, rm—cross vein (terminology after Cox & Windsor 1999); 8. Legs: a—prothoracic leg, b—mesothoracic leg, c—metathoracic leg; 9. Abdomen, male, ventral showing sternites 3 – 7." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276237/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[197,327,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Five visible ventrites (seven sternites, usually the same colour as the meso- and metathorax. Only two species with different colours in meso-/metathorax and abdomen:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1085,1225,189,214]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ootheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Chapuisi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1085,1225,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">O. chapuisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has much darker abdomen than metasternum and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[556,695,226,251]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ootheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Julianae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[556,695,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">O. julianae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has much paler abdomen than metasternum. Apical visible sternite in females evenly rounded, males have two deep incisions in outer apical margin (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1206,1278,264,290]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 9" captionStartId="7.[151,271,1851,1875]" captionTargetBox="[195,1389,190,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[186,1393,172,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 9. Ootheca mutabilis (Sahlberg, 1829). 5. Pronotum: a. dorsal and b. ventral; 6. Meso- and metathorax, ventral; 1 – mesepisternum, 2 – mesepimeron, 3 – mesosternum, 4 – metepisternum, 5 – mesocoxa, 6 – metasternum, 7 – metepimeron, 8 – metacoxa; 7. Hind wing, venation: A—analis; Cu—cubitus, Cu an—cubitus anterior, M—media, Mr—media radialis, R—radius, Sc—subcosta, rt—radial triangle, rm—cross vein (terminology after Cox & Windsor 1999); 8. Legs: a—prothoracic leg, b—mesothoracic leg, c—metathoracic leg; 9. Abdomen, male, ventral showing sternites 3 – 7." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276237/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1261,1278,264,290]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="9.0">9</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[197,382,301,327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
|
||
Median lobe, tectum and endophallus are symmetrical (e. g.
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1097,1182,301,327]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 12" captionStartId="8.[151,277,931,955]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,185,909]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,178,922]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 12. Ootheca mutabilis (Sahlberg, 1829). 10. Median lobe: dorsal (left), lateral (right) with aendophallus, b—tectum; 11. Spermathecae of three different females; 12. Colour pattern." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276238/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1150,1182,301,327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="10.0">10</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), except
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1288,1436,301,326]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ootheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1288,1436,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">O. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which has asymmetrical endophallic armature. Median lobe slightly enlarged apically, parallel-sided, or strongly conical towards apex, and in lateral view slightly curved ventrally. Median lobe in three species more or less deeply incised at apex, in all other cases not incised, but rather rounded or slightly pointed. The tectum is usually divided into two tectorial spurs, with apical hook-like structures in some species. Endophallus slender in most cases with a tube-like basal sclerite and apical endophallic brush; some species with larger endophallic spines. Orifice broad and ovoid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[197,414,562,588]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Female genitalia.</emphasis>
|
||
Spermatheca with spherical nodulus. Spermathecal ductus slightly sunken within the nodulus, cornu slender, evenly and strongly curved (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[764,850,600,626]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 12" captionStartId="8.[151,277,931,955]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,185,909]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,178,922]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 12. Ootheca mutabilis (Sahlberg, 1829). 10. Median lobe: dorsal (left), lateral (right) with aendophallus, b—tectum; 11. Spermathecae of three different females; 12. Colour pattern." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276238/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[819,850,600,626]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="11.0">11</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[197,324,637,663]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[331,430,637,662]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ootheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[331,430,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ootheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[480,621,637,663]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Galerucinae">Galerucinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with strongly convex, nearly parallel-sided elytra, and pronotum only slightly narrower than elytra, giving the body an elongate-ovate shape (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[987,1056,674,700]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="6.[151,271,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[218,1352,200,1792]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[228,1366,173,1813]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Ootheca mutabilis (Sahlberg, 1829). 1 a. Habitus, dorsal view indicating morphometric measurements taken of external characters: TL—total length; EL—elytral length; EW—maximum width of elytra combined; PLpronotal length; PW—pronotal width; WE—maximal width of eye; DE—minimal distance between eyes; 2., 3., 4. — length of second, third and fourth antennomere; TA—length of metatarsus; TI—length of metatibia, Fig. 1 b. Habitus, lateral view. 2. Head, a. ventral, b. dorsal; 3. Antenna; 4. Antennomeres 1 – 4 of two different males and two different females." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276236/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1042,1056,674,700]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The head is very broad with widely separated, strongly protruding eyes. Large, triangular frontal calli separate the eyes, with a distinct depressed line at their base between the posterior ocular margins. Legs are short and broad, the basi-tarsomere slightly enlarged and the claws appendiculate (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1145,1221,786,812]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="6.[151,271,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[218,1352,200,1792]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[228,1366,173,1813]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Ootheca mutabilis (Sahlberg, 1829). 1 a. Habitus, dorsal view indicating morphometric measurements taken of external characters: TL—total length; EL—elytral length; EW—maximum width of elytra combined; PLpronotal length; PW—pronotal width; WE—maximal width of eye; DE—minimal distance between eyes; 2., 3., 4. — length of second, third and fourth antennomere; TA—length of metatarsus; TI—length of metatibia, Fig. 1 b. Habitus, lateral view. 2. Head, a. ventral, b. dorsal; 3. Antenna; 4. Antennomeres 1 – 4 of two different males and two different females." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276236/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1237,1254,786,812]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 9" captionStartId="7.[151,271,1851,1875]" captionTargetBox="[195,1389,190,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[186,1393,172,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 9. Ootheca mutabilis (Sahlberg, 1829). 5. Pronotum: a. dorsal and b. ventral; 6. Meso- and metathorax, ventral; 1 – mesepisternum, 2 – mesepimeron, 3 – mesosternum, 4 – metepisternum, 5 – mesocoxa, 6 – metasternum, 7 – metepimeron, 8 – metacoxa; 7. Hind wing, venation: A—analis; Cu—cubitus, Cu an—cubitus anterior, M—media, Mr—media radialis, R—radius, Sc—subcosta, rt—radial triangle, rm—cross vein (terminology after Cox & Windsor 1999); 8. Legs: a—prothoracic leg, b—mesothoracic leg, c—metathoracic leg; 9. Abdomen, male, ventral showing sternites 3 – 7." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276237/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antennae are short, the third antennomere about one third longer than second, and the fourth antennomere one third longer to equal length of the third (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[478,585,861,887]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="6.[151,271,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[218,1352,200,1792]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[228,1366,173,1813]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Ootheca mutabilis (Sahlberg, 1829). 1 a. Habitus, dorsal view indicating morphometric measurements taken of external characters: TL—total length; EL—elytral length; EW—maximum width of elytra combined; PLpronotal length; PW—pronotal width; WE—maximal width of eye; DE—minimal distance between eyes; 2., 3., 4. — length of second, third and fourth antennomere; TA—length of metatarsus; TI—length of metatibia, Fig. 1 b. Habitus, lateral view. 2. Head, a. ventral, b. dorsal; 3. Antenna; 4. Antennomeres 1 – 4 of two different males and two different females." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276236/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 3, 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Colouration is either unicolourous yellowish- to reddish-brown, in most specimens bicolourous with dark brown to black elytra, rarely with black longitudinal elytral stripes. It is not easy to distinguish members of this genus from some other genera by external characters. Most similar are some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Jacoby, 1906" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Exosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1234,1341,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Exosoma</emphasis>
|
||
Jacoby,
|
||
<number box="[151,210,1010,1036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1906.0">1906</number>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which can usually be differentiated by a more dorso-ventrally compressed body, and a more depressed pronotum with nearly rectangular posterior angles, while those in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[925,1024,1048,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ootheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[925,1024,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ootheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are less angular and more rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[159,231,1085,1111]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 9" captionStartId="7.[151,271,1851,1875]" captionTargetBox="[195,1389,190,1830]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[186,1393,172,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 9. Ootheca mutabilis (Sahlberg, 1829). 5. Pronotum: a. dorsal and b. ventral; 6. Meso- and metathorax, ventral; 1 – mesepisternum, 2 – mesepimeron, 3 – mesosternum, 4 – metepisternum, 5 – mesocoxa, 6 – metasternum, 7 – metepimeron, 8 – metacoxa; 7. Hind wing, venation: A—analis; Cu—cubitus, Cu an—cubitus anterior, M—media, Mr—media radialis, R—radius, Sc—subcosta, rt—radial triangle, rm—cross vein (terminology after Cox & Windsor 1999); 8. Legs: a—prothoracic leg, b—mesothoracic leg, c—metathoracic leg; 9. Abdomen, male, ventral showing sternites 3 – 7." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276237/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[214,231,1085,1111]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The only reliable method to distinguish members of this genus is by dissection of the male genitalia. The median lobe is short, less than four times longer than its maximal width in dorsal or ventral view. The basal quarter to third shows a very wide opening (e. g.
|
||
<figureCitation box="[727,816,1197,1223]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 12" captionStartId="8.[151,277,931,955]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,185,909]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,178,922]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 12. Ootheca mutabilis (Sahlberg, 1829). 10. Median lobe: dorsal (left), lateral (right) with aendophallus, b—tectum; 11. Spermathecae of three different females; 12. Colour pattern." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276238/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[829,861,1197,1223]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 20" captionStartId="14.[151,270,1966,1990]" captionTargetBox="[179,1407,192,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[177,1411,168,1945]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 20. Ootheca proteus (Chapuis, 1879). 17. Habitus, dorsal view; 18. Antennomeres 1 – 4 of two different males and two different females; 19. Colour pattern of some specimens; 20. Median lobe: dorsal (left), lateral (right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276241/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">20</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[873,905,1197,1223]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 26" captionStartId="18.[151,271,1982,2006]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,750,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,735,1971]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 26. Ootheca chapuisi (Jacoby, 1899). 24. Habitus, dorsal view; 25. Antennomeres 1 – 4 of two different males and two different females; 26. Median lobe: dorsal (left), lateral (right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276244/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">26</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[917,949,1197,1223]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 32" captionStartId="21.[151,269,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[175,1423,208,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[164,1433,194,1933]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 32. Ootheca orientalis Weise, 1900. 29. Habitus, a. dorsal view, b. lateral view; 30. Antennomeres 1 – 4 of two different males and two different females; 31. Colour pattern of some specimens; 32. Median lobe: dorsal (left), lateral (right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276247/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">32</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[961,994,1197,1223]" captionStart="FIGURES 46 – 49" captionStartId="33.[151,273,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[172,1406,417,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[167,1410,392,1932]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 46 – 49. Ootheca variabilis (Laboissière, 1920). 46. Habitus, dorsal view; 47. Antennomeres 1 – 4 of two different males and two different females; 48. Colour pattern of some specimens; 49. Median lobe: dorsal (left), lateral (right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276255/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<number box="[961,994,1197,1223]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="49.0">49</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). The median lobe is usually parallelsided (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[228,319,1234,1260]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 12" captionStartId="8.[151,277,931,955]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,185,909]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,178,922]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 12. Ootheca mutabilis (Sahlberg, 1829). 10. Median lobe: dorsal (left), lateral (right) with aendophallus, b—tectum; 11. Spermathecae of three different females; 12. Colour pattern." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276238/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[332,364,1234,1260]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 37" captionStartId="25.[151,270,1967,1991]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,186,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,167,1955]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 37. Ootheca bennigseni Weise, 1900. 35. Habitus, a. dorsal view, b. lateral view; 36. Antennomeres 1 – 4 of two different males and two different females; 37. Median lobe: dorsal (left), lateral (right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276250/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">37</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[376,408,1234,1260]" captionStart="FIGURES 51 – 53" captionStartId="35.[151,269,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,503,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,493,1922]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 51 – 53. Ootheca frontalis Laboissière, 1923. 51. Habitus, a. dorsal view, b. lateral view; 52. Antennomeres 1 – 4 of two different males and two different females; 53. Median lobe: dorsal (left), lateral (right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276257/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">53</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[420,452,1234,1260]" captionStart="FIGURES 62 – 65" captionStartId="43.[151,269,1971,1995]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,592,1932]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,567,1949]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 62 – 65. Ootheca julianae sp. n.; 62. Habitus, dorsal view; 63. Antennomeres 1 – 4 of two different males and two different females; 64. Colour pattern of some specimens; 65. Median lobe: dorsal (left), lateral (right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276264/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">65</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[464,496,1234,1260]" captionStart="FIGURES 67 – 69" captionStartId="45.[151,269,1752,1776]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,200,1689]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,194,1730]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 67 – 69. Ootheca tilmani sp. n.; 67 a. Habitus, dorsal view; 68. Antennomeres 1 – 4 of two different males and two different females; 69. Median lobe: dorsal (left), lateral (right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276266/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">69</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[508,540,1234,1260]" captionStart="FIGURES 71 – 73" captionStartId="47.[151,270,1925,1949]" captionTargetBox="[156,1434,552,1863]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[150,1436,533,1904]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 71 – 73. Ootheca ugandae sp. n.; 71 a. Habitus, dorsal view; 72. Antennomeres 1 – 4 of two different males and two different females; 73. Median lobe: dorsal (left), lateral (right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276268/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">73</figureCitation>
|
||
), slightly conical towards the apex (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[963,1054,1234,1260]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 20" captionStartId="14.[151,270,1966,1990]" captionTargetBox="[179,1407,192,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[177,1411,168,1945]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 20. Ootheca proteus (Chapuis, 1879). 17. Habitus, dorsal view; 18. Antennomeres 1 – 4 of two different males and two different females; 19. Colour pattern of some specimens; 20. Median lobe: dorsal (left), lateral (right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276241/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 20</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1067,1099,1234,1260]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 32" captionStartId="21.[151,269,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[175,1423,208,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[164,1433,194,1933]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 32. Ootheca orientalis Weise, 1900. 29. Habitus, a. dorsal view, b. lateral view; 30. Antennomeres 1 – 4 of two different males and two different females; 31. Colour pattern of some specimens; 32. Median lobe: dorsal (left), lateral (right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276247/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">32</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1110,1142,1234,1260]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 44" captionStartId="31.[151,269,1964,1988]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,199,1963]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,175,1966]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 44. Ootheca kibonotensis Weise, 1909. 41. Habitus, dorsal view; 42. Antennomeres 1 – 4 of two different males and two different females; 43. Colour pattern of some specimens; 44. Median lobe: dorsal (left), lateral (right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276253/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">44</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1155,1187,1234,1260]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="37.[151,255,1264,1288]" captionTargetBox="[453,1138,315,1236]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[445,1141,306,1242]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 55. Ootheca meridiana Grobbelaar, 2008. 55. Median lobe: dorsal (left), lateral (right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276259/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">55</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1199,1230,1234,1260]" captionStart="FIGURES 57 – 59" captionStartId="40.[151,269,1837,1861]" captionTargetBox="[160,1431,291,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1436,269,1817]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 57 – 59. Ootheca eddae sp. n.; 57. Habitus, dorsal view; 58. Antennomeres 1 – 4 of two different males and two different females; 59. Median lobe: a. dorsal (left), lateral (right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276261/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<number box="[1199,1230,1234,1260]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="59.0">59</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) or constricted in the middle (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[295,388,1272,1298]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 26" captionStartId="18.[151,271,1982,2006]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,750,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,735,1971]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 26. Ootheca chapuisi (Jacoby, 1899). 24. Habitus, dorsal view; 25. Antennomeres 1 – 4 of two different males and two different females; 26. Median lobe: dorsal (left), lateral (right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276244/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 26</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[402,436,1272,1298]" captionStart="FIGURES 46 – 49" captionStartId="33.[151,273,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[172,1406,417,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[167,1410,392,1932]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 46 – 49. Ootheca variabilis (Laboissière, 1920). 46. Habitus, dorsal view; 47. Antennomeres 1 – 4 of two different males and two different females; 48. Colour pattern of some specimens; 49. Median lobe: dorsal (left), lateral (right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276255/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">49</figureCitation>
|
||
). The apex can either be pointed without an apical incision, or has a deep u-shaped apical incision (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[338,430,1309,1335]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 20" captionStartId="14.[151,270,1966,1990]" captionTargetBox="[179,1407,192,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[177,1411,168,1945]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 20. Ootheca proteus (Chapuis, 1879). 17. Habitus, dorsal view; 18. Antennomeres 1 – 4 of two different males and two different females; 19. Colour pattern of some specimens; 20. Median lobe: dorsal (left), lateral (right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276241/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 20</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[443,475,1309,1335]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 37" captionStartId="25.[151,270,1967,1991]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,186,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,167,1955]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 37. Ootheca bennigseni Weise, 1900. 35. Habitus, a. dorsal view, b. lateral view; 36. Antennomeres 1 – 4 of two different males and two different females; 37. Median lobe: dorsal (left), lateral (right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276250/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">37</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[487,520,1309,1335]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="37.[151,255,1264,1288]" captionTargetBox="[453,1138,315,1236]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[445,1141,306,1242]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 55. Ootheca meridiana Grobbelaar, 2008. 55. Median lobe: dorsal (left), lateral (right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276259/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<number box="[487,520,1309,1335]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="55.0">55</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). The median lobe in lateral view is more or less evenly bent ventrally, or the apical third is bent at an angle to the basal part. Very characteristic for
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1042,1146,1347,1372]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ootheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1042,1146,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ootheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the tectum, which is specifically modified. It consists of two dorsal, more or less slender, often apically hooked tectorial spurs that are attached at the base of the apical third of the median lobe and extend from its middle sometimes to near the apex. These moveable spurs surely play an important role during copulation. The apical part of the endophallus can usually be seen distinctly between the base of the tectorial spurs. While males can be reliably identified utilising their genital structures, spermathecae in females are not distinctive at species level. In sympatric species a reliable identification of females is sometimes not possible without males from the same population.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Weise" box="[291,446,1608,1634]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Weise, J. (1900) Beschreibungen africanischer Chrysomeliden nebst synonymischen Bemerkungen. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1900 (2), 446 - 459." type="journal article" year="1900">
|
||
Weise (
|
||
<number box="[377,438,1608,1634]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1900.0">1900</number>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was already aware of the strong morphological ‘overlap’ between species and wrote that the differentiation of his newly described
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[699,848,1645,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ootheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[699,848,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">O. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[907,1069,1645,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ootheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Bennigseni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[907,1069,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">O. bennigseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was only possible by studying the male genitalia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[197,509,1719,1745]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Host plants and biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Food plants are known for three species and the life history was studied for
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,304,1757,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Crioceris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Mutabilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,304,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">O. mutabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ochieng" box="[320,1171,1757,1783]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Ochieng, R. S. (1977) Studies on the bionomics of two major insect pests of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp): Ootheca mutabilis Shalb. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Anoplocnemis curvipes Fab. (Hemiptera: Coreidae). PhD Thesis, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Sahlberg, C. R. (1829) Periculi Entomographici, Species Insectorum Nondum Descriptas Proposituri, Fasciculus. Thons Entomologisches Archiv, 2 (1), 12 - 29." type="journal article" year="1977">
|
||
Ochieng
|
||
<number box="[436,501,1757,1783]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1977.0">1977</number>
|
||
; see details in the redescription of this species below
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The beetles feed on different species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[391,506,1794,1820]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including trees like
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[759,876,1795,1820]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[759,876,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Erythrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and herb-like crops such as beans and ground nuts. The larvae feed on the roots, and the adults on the leaves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |