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<document id="650B810EF04E65B0EEC88AC9005CAC83" ID-CLB-Dataset="26164" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="812e0570-38c6-4f6e-840c-7d52d87a8c12" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-PMC="PMC6910866" ID-PubMed="31712455" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3342161" ID-ZooBank="B1690E30-EC81-46D3-881D-97648DDC7745" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1563526566144" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias &amp; Ávila, Sérgio P." docDate="2019" docId="4148D21204FEFF7CFF33FA7572381150" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4639.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4639 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Holothuria (Holothuria) dakarensis Panning 1939" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="175" masterDocId="BD71AA6A0450FFD3FFA4FFCD76121037" masterDocTitle="The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean)" masterLastPageNumber="231" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="175" updateTime="1698685128211" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="24B9D12E762FE562A091F29F1131C0F4">The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean)</mods:title>
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Erroneous—
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704FEFF7DFE95FA7A759315E6" authority="Panning, 1939" authorityName="Panning" authorityYear="1939" box="[305,897,1463,1490]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dakarensis" subGenus="Holothuria">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFE95FA7A77A015E5" bold="true" box="[305,434,1463,1490]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Holothuria</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFE66FA7A745115E5" bold="true" box="[450,579,1463,1490]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Holothuria</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFDF0FA7A74C215E5" bold="true" box="[596,720,1463,1490]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">dakarensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFD73FA7A759315E6" author="Panning" box="[727,897,1463,1490]" firstAuthor="Panning" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="523 - 546" refId="ref194938" refString="Panning, A. (1939) Holothurien von den Kanaren und von Dakar. Videnskabelige Meddelelser Dansk Naturhistorik Forening, KObenhavn, 103, 523 - 546." type="journal article" year="1939">Panning, 1939</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFF33FA3177811623" bold="true" box="[151,403,1531,1556]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
Reports for the
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:
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="C95E630404FEFF7DFF33F9D675CA1604" blockId="174.[151,1436,1531,1648]" box="[151,984,1562,1587]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E9F1442A04FEFF7DFF33F9D675CA1604" box="[151,984,1562,1587]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
non
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<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFF60F9D777B51605" box="[196,423,1562,1586]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Holothuria dakarensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFE0AF9D7742C1604" author="Panning" box="[430,574,1562,1587]" firstAuthor="Panning" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="523 - 546" refId="ref194938" refString="Panning, A. (1939) Holothurien von den Kanaren und von Dakar. Videnskabelige Meddelelser Dansk Naturhistorik Forening, KObenhavn, 103, 523 - 546." type="journal article" year="1939">Panning, 1939</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="4840451504FEFF7DFDFDF9D675111604" author="Rowe, F. W. E." box="[601,771,1562,1587]" page="153" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" year="1969">
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFDFDF9D675111604" author="Rowe" box="[601,771,1562,1587]" firstAuthor="Rowe" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="119 - 170" refId="ref199190" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. (1969) A review of the family Holothuriidae (Holothurioidea: Aspidochirotida). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Zoology, 18 (4), 119 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 18419" type="journal article" year="1969">Rowe 1969: 153</bibRefCitation>
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, 154 [misidentified];
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<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704FEFF7DFF33F9F474891666" authority="Panning, 1939" authorityName="Panning" authorityYear="1939" box="[151,667,1592,1617]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dakarensis" subGenus="Holothuria">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFF33F9F4771A1666" box="[151,264,1593,1617]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Holothuria</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFEB3F9F4779A1666" box="[279,392,1593,1617]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Holothuria</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFE33F9F474161666" box="[407,516,1593,1617]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">dakarensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFDAFF9F574891666" author="Panning" box="[523,667,1592,1617]" firstAuthor="Panning" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="523 - 546" refId="ref194938" refString="Panning, A. (1939) Holothurien von den Kanaren und von Dakar. Videnskabelige Meddelelser Dansk Naturhistorik Forening, KObenhavn, 103, 523 - 546." type="journal article" year="1939">Panning, 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFD11F9F5723A1666" author="Perez-Ruzafa" box="[693,1064,1592,1617]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Perez-Ruzafa" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="139 - 162" refId="ref196049" refString="Perez-Ruzafa, A., Marcos, C. &amp; Bacallado, J. J. (1992 b) Holoturias (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) de las Islas Canarias: I. Consideraciones Generales y Orden Aspidochirotida. Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias, 4 (3 - 4), 139 - 162." type="journal article" year="1992" yearSuffix="b">
Pérez-Ruzafa
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFCE2F9F775611666" box="[838,883,1593,1617]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">et al</emphasis>
. 1992b: 154155
</bibRefCitation>
,
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<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFB97F9F4729C1666" author="Perez-Ruzafa" box="[1075,1166,1592,1617]" firstAuthor="Perez-Ruzafa" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="43 - 62" refId="ref196107" refString="Perez-Ruzafa, A., Entrambasaguas, L. &amp; Bacallado, J. J. (1999) Fauna de equinodermos (Echinodermata) de los fondos rocosos infralitorales del archipielago de Cabo Verde. Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias, 11 (3 - 4), 43 - 62." type="journal article" year="1999">1999: 57</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFB3EF9F473211666" author="Perez-Ruzafa" box="[1178,1331,1593,1617]" firstAuthor="Perez-Ruzafa" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="277 - 296" refId="ref196162" refString="Perez-Ruzafa, A., Entrambasaguas, L., Espejo, C., Marcos, C. &amp; Bacallado, J. J. (2002) Fauna de equinodermos (Echinodermata) de los fondos rocosos infralitorales del archipielago de Salvajes (Oceano Atlantico). Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias, 14 (3 - 4), 277 - 296." type="journal article" year="2002">2002: 287288</bibRefCitation>
[based on
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFF63F99577531647" author="Rowe" box="[199,321,1623,1648]" firstAuthor="Rowe" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="119 - 170" refId="ref199190" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. (1969) A review of the family Holothuriidae (Holothurioidea: Aspidochirotida). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Zoology, 18 (4), 119 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 18419" type="journal article" year="1969">Rowe 1969</bibRefCitation>
].
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<paragraph id="C95E630404FEFF7DFF33F9537412168E" blockId="174.[151,1437,1693,2045]" box="[151,512,1693,1721]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
<materialsCitation id="7989695904FEFF7DFF33F95377EE168E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2284837511" box="[151,508,1693,1721]" country="Senegal" location="Dakar" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Dakar" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFF33F9537729168F" bold="true" box="[151,315,1693,1720]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
<typeStatus id="165ADDA604FEFF7DFF33F95376C6168F" box="[151,212,1694,1720]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
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<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE604FEFF7DFEE6F9537794168F" box="[322,390,1694,1720]" country="Senegal" name="Dakar" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Dakar</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="B1F6239404FEFF7DFE32F95377E7168E" box="[406,501,1694,1721]" name="Senegal" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Senegal</collectingCountry>
)
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E630404FEFF7DFF63F90C76FB1737" blockId="174.[151,1437,1693,2045]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFF63F90C76EB16EB" bold="true" box="[199,249,1729,1756]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">See:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFEA1F90F77F916EB" author="Cherbonnier" box="[261,491,1729,1756]" firstAuthor="Cherbonnier" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="102 - 108" refId="ref175697" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1950) Note sur Holothuria dakarensis Panning. Bulletin Museum National Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Serie 2, 22 (1), 102 - 108." type="journal article" year="1950">Cherbonnier (1950)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFE59F90F752D16EB" author="Borrero-Perez" box="[509,831,1730,1757]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Borrero-Perez" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="51 - 69" refId="ref174615" refString="Borrero-Perez, G. H., Perez-Ruzafa, A., Marcos, C. &amp; Gonzalez-Wang ʾ emert, M. (2009) The taxonomic status of some Atlanto- Mediterranean species in the subgenus Holothuria (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae) based on molecular evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 157, 51 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2009.00529. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Borrero-Pérez
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFD0CF90E74CC16EB" box="[680,734,1730,1756]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">et al</emphasis>
. (2009)
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFCF4F90E728E16EB" author="Pawson" box="[848,1180,1730,1757]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pawson" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref195502" refString="Pawson, D. L., Pawson, D. J. &amp; King, R. A. (2010) A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Zootaxa, 2449 (1), 1 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2449.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">
Pawson
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFC10F90E75F916EB" box="[948,1003,1730,1756]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">et al</emphasis>
. (2010: 3738
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 30);
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFABDF90E76F71737" author="Prata" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Prata" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref197931" refString="Prata J., Dias, T. L. P. &amp; Christoffersen, M. L. (2014) Occurrence of Holothuria (Holothuria) dakarensis (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) in the south-western Atlantic, with notes on distribution and ecology. Marine Biodiversity Records, 7, 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267214000049" type="journal article" year="2014">
Prata
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFAFBF90E738F16EB" box="[1375,1437,1730,1756]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E630404FEFF7DFF63F8C474FF175B" blockId="174.[151,1437,1693,2045]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFF63F8C4774E1713" bold="true" box="[199,348,1801,1828]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Occurrence:</emphasis>
Atlantic, in the west from off
<collectingCountry id="B1F6239404FEFF7DFD61F8C7750D1713" box="[709,799,1802,1828]" name="Georgia" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Georgia</collectingCountry>
south to the Gulf of
<collectingCountry id="B1F6239404FEFF7DFBBEF8C772621713" box="[1050,1136,1802,1828]" name="Mexico" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFB25F8C773711713" author="Pawson" box="[1153,1379,1802,1829]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pawson" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref195502" refString="Pawson, D. L., Pawson, D. J. &amp; King, R. A. (2010) A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Zootaxa, 2449 (1), 1 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2449.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">
Pawson
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFB40F8C6730A1713" box="[1252,1304,1802,1828]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE604FEFF7DFF33F8E3779A177E" box="[151,392,1838,1865]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Norte" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Rio Grande do Norte</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="B1F6239404FEFF7DFE3CF8E377F3177F" box="[408,481,1838,1864]" name="Brazil" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Brazil</collectingCountry>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFE4AF8E274BF177F" author="Prata" box="[494,685,1838,1865]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Prata" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref197931" refString="Prata J., Dias, T. L. P. &amp; Christoffersen, M. L. (2014) Occurrence of Holothuria (Holothuria) dakarensis (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) in the south-western Atlantic, with notes on distribution and ecology. Marine Biodiversity Records, 7, 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267214000049" type="journal article" year="2014">
Prata
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFD95F8E27478177F" box="[561,618,1838,1864]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
) and in the east from
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE604FEFF7DFC0EF8E375FC177F" box="[938,1006,1838,1864]" country="Senegal" name="Dakar" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Dakar</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="B1F6239404FEFF7DFC5BF8E37249177E" box="[1023,1115,1838,1865]" name="Senegal" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Senegal</collectingCountry>
) and
<collectingCountry id="B1F6239404FEFF7DFB38F8E37330177F" box="[1180,1314,1838,1864]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="B1F6239404FEFF7DFAEEF8E3738E177F" box="[1354,1436,1838,1864]" name="Angola" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Angola</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFF3BF89F777C175B" author="Cherbonnier" box="[159,366,1873,1900]" firstAuthor="Cherbonnier" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="102 - 108" refId="ref175697" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1950) Note sur Holothuria dakarensis Panning. Bulletin Museum National Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Serie 2, 22 (1), 102 - 108." type="journal article" year="1950">Cherbonnier 1950</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFEDDF89C77A6175B" author="Cherbonnier" box="[377,436,1873,1900]" firstAuthor="Cherbonnier" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref175847" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1965) Holothurides. Expedition oceanographique belge dans les eaux cotieres africaines de l'Atlantique Sud (1948 - 1949): resultats scientifiques, Brussels, 3 (2), 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1965">1965</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFE1BF89F74F3175B" author="Borrero-Perez" box="[447,737,1874,1901]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Borrero-Perez" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="51 - 69" refId="ref174615" refString="Borrero-Perez, G. H., Perez-Ruzafa, A., Marcos, C. &amp; Gonzalez-Wang ʾ emert, M. (2009) The taxonomic status of some Atlanto- Mediterranean species in the subgenus Holothuria (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae) based on molecular evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 157, 51 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2009.00529. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Borrero-Pérez
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFDC1F89E7484175B" box="[613,662,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E630404FEFF7DFF63F8BB756B17A7" blockId="174.[151,1437,1693,2045]" box="[199,889,1909,1937]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFF63F8BB770817A7" bold="true" box="[199,282,1910,1936]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Depth:</emphasis>
<quantity id="0E19CEE104FEFF7DFE85F8B8776417A6" box="[289,374,1909,1937]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="5.4" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" unit="m" value="27.5" valueMax="54.0" valueMin="1.0">154 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFE20F8BB74B717A7" author="Borrero-Perez" box="[388,677,1910,1937]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Borrero-Perez" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="51 - 69" refId="ref174615" refString="Borrero-Perez, G. H., Perez-Ruzafa, A., Marcos, C. &amp; Gonzalez-Wang ʾ emert, M. (2009) The taxonomic status of some Atlanto- Mediterranean species in the subgenus Holothuria (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae) based on molecular evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 157, 51 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2009.00529. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Borrero-Pérez
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFD8FF8BA744F17A7" box="[555,605,1910,1936]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFD14F8BA757F17A7" author="Prata" box="[688,877,1910,1937]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Prata" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref197931" refString="Prata J., Dias, T. L. P. &amp; Christoffersen, M. L. (2014) Occurrence of Holothuria (Holothuria) dakarensis (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) in the south-western Atlantic, with notes on distribution and ecology. Marine Biodiversity Records, 7, 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267214000049" type="journal article" year="2014">
Prata
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFD55F8BA753B17A7" box="[753,809,1910,1936]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E630404FEFF7DFF63F85475A01783" blockId="174.[151,1437,1693,2045]" box="[199,946,1945,1973]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFF63F854773E1783" bold="true" box="[199,300,1945,1972]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Habitat:</emphasis>
under rocks on sand or mud (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFDDDF85775BC1783" author="Borrero-Perez" box="[633,942,1946,1973]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Borrero-Perez" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="51 - 69" refId="ref174615" refString="Borrero-Perez, G. H., Perez-Ruzafa, A., Marcos, C. &amp; Gonzalez-Wang ʾ emert, M. (2009) The taxonomic status of some Atlanto- Mediterranean species in the subgenus Holothuria (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae) based on molecular evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 157, 51 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2009.00529. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Borrero-Pérez
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFC85F85675401783" box="[801,850,1946,1972]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">et al</emphasis>
. (2009)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E630404FEFF7DFF63F873731217EF" blockId="174.[151,1437,1693,2045]" box="[199,1280,1982,2009]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFF63F873777717EF" bold="true" box="[199,357,1982,2008]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Larval stage:</emphasis>
probably planktotrophic (inferred from the genus; see
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFC6FF87372E117EF" author="McEdward &amp; Miner" box="[971,1267,1982,2008]" firstAuthor="McEdward" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="1125 - 1170" refId="ref190078" refString="McEdward, L. R. &amp; Miner, B. G. (2001) Larval and life-cycle patterns in echinoderms. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 79, 1125 - 1170. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 00 - 218" type="journal article" year="2001">McEdward &amp; Miner 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E630404FEFF7CFF63F82F72381150" blockId="174.[151,1437,1693,2045]" lastBlockId="175.[151,1437,153,359]" lastPageId="175" lastPageNumber="176" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FEFF7DFF63F82F772F17CB" bold="true" box="[199,317,2018,2044]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Remarks:</emphasis>
in a review of the family
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704FEFF7DFDDCF82F75AE17CA" authority=", Rowe (1969)" authorityName=", Rowe" authorityYear="1969" box="[632,956,2018,2045]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">
Holothuriidae,
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FEFF7DFC81F82E75AE17CA" author="Rowe" box="[805,956,2018,2045]" firstAuthor="Rowe" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="119 - 170" refId="ref199190" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. (1969) A review of the family Holothuriidae (Holothurioidea: Aspidochirotida). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Zoology, 18 (4), 119 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 18419" type="journal article" year="1969">Rowe (1969)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
listed the
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE604FEFF7DFB9FF82F729817CB" box="[1083,1162,2018,2044]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Azores</collectingRegion>
under the geographical distribution of
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704FFFF7CFE9FFF5474241084" authorityName="Panning" authorityYear="1939" box="[315,566,153,179]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dakarensis">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FFFF7CFE9FFF5474241084" box="[315,566,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Holothuria dakarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a statement repeated by subsequent works.
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FFFF7CFBBBFF54732A1084" author="Pawson &amp; Shirley" box="[1055,1336,153,179]" firstAuthor="Pawson" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" pagination="915 - 920" refId="ref195450" refString="Pawson, D. L. &amp; Shirley, T. C. (1977) Occurrence of the subgenus Holothuria (Holothuria) in the Gulf of Mexico (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 90 (4), 915 - 920." type="journal article" year="1977">Pawson &amp; Shirley (1977)</bibRefCitation>
believed that Rowe based his statement on material from Faial Island, deposited in the collection of the British Natural History Museum. On re-examination, the authors concluded the specimens belonged either to
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704FFFF7CFB41FF2F736B10CC" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1840" box="[1253,1401,225,251]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mammata">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FFFF7CFB41FF2F72EB10CC" box="[1253,1273,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FFFF7CFAAFFF2F736B10CC" box="[1291,1401,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">mammata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704FFFF7CFF33FECB770E1128" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[151,284,261,287]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tubulosa">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FFFF7CFF33FECB76B91128" box="[151,171,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FFFF7CFF18FEC8770E1128" box="[188,284,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">tubulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rather than
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704FFFF7CFE0FFECB745A1128" authorityName="Panning" authorityYear="1939" box="[427,584,261,287]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dakarensis">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FFFF7CFE0FFECB745A1128" box="[427,584,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">H. dakarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Furthermore,
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FFFF7CFD52FEC8723F1128" author="Borrero-Perez" box="[758,1069,261,287]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Borrero-Perez" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" pagination="51 - 69" refId="ref174615" refString="Borrero-Perez, G. H., Perez-Ruzafa, A., Marcos, C. &amp; Gonzalez-Wang ʾ emert, M. (2009) The taxonomic status of some Atlanto- Mediterranean species in the subgenus Holothuria (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae) based on molecular evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 157, 51 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2009.00529. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Borrero-Pérez
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FFFF7CFC3AFECB75C01128" box="[926,978,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">et al</emphasis>
. (2009)
</bibRefCitation>
showed that
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704FFFF7CFB6DFECB73751128" authorityName="Panning" authorityYear="1939" box="[1225,1383,261,287]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dakarensis">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FFFF7CFB6DFECB73751128" box="[1225,1383,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">H. dakarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was historically confused with
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704FFFF7CFE67FEE774411174" authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1840" box="[451,595,297,323]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mammata">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FFFF7CFE67FEE777C51174" box="[451,471,298,323]" italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FFFF7CFE41FEE774411174" box="[485,595,298,323]" italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">mammata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, restricting the geographical range of
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704FFFF7CFBA6FEE7728C1174" authorityName="Panning" authorityYear="1939" box="[1026,1182,297,323]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="175" pageNumber="176" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dakarensis">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FFFF7CFBA6FEE7728C1174" box="[1026,1182,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">H. dakarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the East Atlantic to southern latitudes of the African coasts, from
<collectingCountry id="B1F6239404FFFF7CFD3CFE8074E31150" box="[664,753,333,359]" name="Senegal" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Senegal</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="B1F6239404FFFF7CFC8CFE8075BE1150" box="[808,940,333,359]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="B1F6239404FFFF7CFC74FE8072341150" box="[976,1062,333,359]" name="Angola" pageId="175" pageNumber="176">Angola</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>