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<document id="DDE1855262FEAFDCEEDEE06FF6EC1268" ID-CLB-Dataset="26164" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="812e0570-38c6-4f6e-840c-7d52d87a8c12" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-PMC="PMC6910866" ID-PubMed="31712455" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3342161" ID-ZooBank="B1690E30-EC81-46D3-881D-97648DDC7745" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1563526566144" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias &amp; Ávila, Sérgio P." docDate="2019" docId="4148D21204FDFF7EFF33FE807536139C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4639.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4639 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Psammechinus microtuberculatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="174" masterDocId="BD71AA6A0450FFD3FFA4FFCD76121037" masterDocTitle="The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean)" masterLastPageNumber="231" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="174" updateTime="1698685128211" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="0C19A761C4A5F79C630675A955F01CF4">The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="24FBCC2A9B71D7F05809BF29911C55E8">Madeira, Patrícia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A4EF5D873EB10AB9D3DBACECE0BAF7A4">Kroh, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="596F0820054C8BBB07EB1D38326FB8A4">Cordeiro, Ricardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BAD50BFFA361396ED16340DD91DD1740">De, António M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8EC69FB9EBB5D1E7D82ECE7A47BCF3C6">Martins, Frias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="079D8C88D63750D1FB02FEBA8DEF9B83">Ávila, Sérgio P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E0D183714B752E5B886BD19B58A7C4DE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:identifier id="8308877966B1F48BD6AD06B51B374313" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="81FB308F04FDFF7EFF33FE80759E1150" box="[151,908,332,359]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C95E630404FDFF7EFF33FE80759E1150" blockId="173.[151,908,332,359]" box="[151,908,332,359]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
<heading id="9216D46804FDFF7EFF33FE80759E1150" bold="true" box="[151,908,332,359]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" reason="1">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FDFF7EFF33FE80759E1150" bold="true" box="[151,908,332,359]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
Erroneous—
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704FDFF7EFE95FE81759E1150" ID-CoL="4NBB8" authority="(Blainville, 1825)" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[305,908,332,359]" class="Echinoidea" family="Parechinidae" genus="Psammechinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="microtuberculatus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FDFF7EFE95FE8174A91150" bold="true" box="[305,699,332,359]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Psammechinus microtuberculatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FDFF7EFD6FFE8175961150" author="Blainville" box="[715,900,332,359]" firstAuthor="Blainville" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" pagination="59 - 98" refId="ref173837" refString="Blainville, H. M. de (1825) Oursin, Echinus (Actinozoaires). In: Levrault, F. G. (Ed.), Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles. Vol. 37. Le Normat, Paris, pp. 59 - 98." type="book chapter" year="1825">Blainville, 1825</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="81FB308F04FDFF7EFF33FE5C7781119D" box="[151,403,401,426]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C95E630404FDFF7EFF33FE5C7781119D" blockId="173.[151,1436,401,579]" box="[151,403,401,426]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
<heading id="9216D46804FDFF7EFF33FE5C7781119D" bold="true" box="[151,403,401,426]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" reason="2">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FDFF7EFF33FE5C7781119D" bold="true" box="[151,403,401,426]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
Reports for the
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE604FDFF7EFEE4FE5C779C119D" box="[320,398,401,426]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Azores</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph id="C95E630404FDFF7EFF33FE7D72661274" blockId="173.[151,1436,401,579]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
<subSubSection id="81FB308F04FDFF7EFF33FE7D738E1213" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" type="reference_group">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E9F1442A04FDFF7EFF33FE7D738E1231" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
non
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704FDFF7EFF60FE7D746911FF" authority="Blainville, 1825" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1825" box="[196,635,431,456]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Echinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="microtuberculatus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FDFF7EFF60FE7D77C111FF" box="[196,467,432,456]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Echinus microtuberculatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FDFF7EFE7EFE62746911FF" author="Blainville" box="[474,635,431,456]" firstAuthor="Blainville" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" pagination="59 - 98" refId="ref173837" refString="Blainville, H. M. de (1825) Oursin, Echinus (Actinozoaires). In: Levrault, F. G. (Ed.), Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles. Vol. 37. Le Normat, Paris, pp. 59 - 98." type="book chapter" year="1825">Blainville, 1825</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="4840451504FDFF7EFD31FE62755F11FF" author="Barrois, T." box="[661,845,431,456]" page="109" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" year="1888">
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FDFF7EFD31FE62755F11FF" author="Barrois" box="[661,845,431,456]" firstAuthor="Barrois" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" pagination="31 - 33" refId="ref173365" refString="Barrois, T. (1888) Liste des Echinodermes recueillis aux Acores durant les mois d'Ao r t et September 1887. Revue Biologique du Nord de la France, 1, 31 - 33 + 69 - 75 + 109 - 115." type="journal article" year="1888">Barrois 1888: 109</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[misidentified of
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704FDFF7EFBA7FE7C727911FF" ID-CoL="4NBB9" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[1027,1131,432,456]" class="Echinoidea" family="Parechinidae" genus="Psammechinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="miliaris">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FDFF7EFBA7FE7C727911FF" box="[1027,1131,432,456]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">P. miliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]; non
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704FDFF7EFF67FE0274DF11D0" ID-CoL="4NBB8" authority="(Blainville, 1825)" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[195,717,462,487]" class="Echinoidea" family="Parechinidae" genus="Psammechinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="microtuberculatus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FDFF7EFF67FE02740A11D0" box="[195,536,463,487]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Psammechinus microtuberculatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FDFF7EFD81FE0374D511D0" author="Blainville" box="[549,711,462,487]" firstAuthor="Blainville" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" pagination="59 - 98" refId="ref173837" refString="Blainville, H. M. de (1825) Oursin, Echinus (Actinozoaires). In: Levrault, F. G. (Ed.), Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles. Vol. 37. Le Normat, Paris, pp. 59 - 98." type="book chapter" year="1825">Blainville, 1825</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FDFF7EFD4CFE0375D611D0" author="Nobre" box="[744,964,462,487]" firstAuthor="Nobre" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="ref194119" refString="Nobre, A. (1938) Equinodermes de Portugal. 3 rd Edition. Companhia Editora do Minho, Barcelos, 215 pp." type="book" year="1938">Nobre 1938: 111–112</bibRefCitation>
[based on
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FDFF7EFB94FE0372AA11D0" author="Barrois" box="[1072,1208,462,487]" firstAuthor="Barrois" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" pagination="31 - 33" refId="ref173365" refString="Barrois, T. (1888) Liste des Echinodermes recueillis aux Acores durant les mois d'Ao r t et September 1887. Revue Biologique du Nord de la France, 1, 31 - 33 + 69 - 75 + 109 - 115." type="journal article" year="1888">Barrois 1888</bibRefCitation>
];
<treatmentCitation id="4840451504FDFF7EFB6CFE02736011D0" author="Marques, V. M." box="[1224,1394,462,487]" page="5" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FDFF7EFB6CFE02736011D0" author="Marques" box="[1224,1394,462,487]" firstAuthor="Marques" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref189697" refString="Marques, V. M. (1983) Peuplements benthiques de Acores, 1 - echinoderms. Arquivo do Museu Bocage, AII (I), 1 - 7." type="book chapter" year="1983">Marques 1983: 5</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[ju- venile
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704FDFF7EFEAEFE2377F61232" ID-CoL="4CP35" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[266,484,493,517]" class="Echinoidea" family="Parechinidae" genus="Paracentrotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lividus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FDFF7EFEAEFE2377F61232" box="[266,484,493,517]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Paracentrotus lividus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
];
<treatmentCitation id="4840451504FDFF7EFE5CFE2074E81232" author="Castro, M. L. &amp; Viegas, M. C." box="[504,762,493,518]" page="24" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FDFF7EFE5CFE2074E81232" author="Castro &amp; Viegas" box="[504,762,493,518]" firstAuthor="Castro" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" pagination="7 - 30" refId="ref175556" refString="Castro, M. L. &amp; Viegas, M. C. (1983) Estudo dos povoamentos de algas fotofilas da ilha de S. Miguel (Acores). Arquipelago, Serie Ciencias da Natureza, 4, 7 - 30." type="journal article" year="1983">Castro &amp; Viegas 1983: 24</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[misidentified of
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704FDFF7EFC09FE2372011232" ID-CoL="4NBB9" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[941,1043,493,517]" class="Echinoidea" family="Parechinidae" genus="Psammechinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="miliaris">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FDFF7EFC09FE2372011232" box="[941,1043,493,517]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">P. miliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
];
<treatmentCitation id="4840451504FDFF7EFB8CFE2072C81232" author="Pereira, M." box="[1064,1242,493,518]" page="334" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FDFF7EFB8CFE2072C81232" author="Pereira" box="[1064,1242,493,518]" firstAuthor="Pereira" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" pagination="331 - 337" refId="ref195814" refString="Pereira, M. (1997) Checklist of the littoral echinoderms of the Azores. Acoreana, 8 (3), 331 - 337." type="journal article" year="1997">Pereira 1997: 334</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[based on previous
</treatmentCitationGroup>
misidentifications];
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FDFF7EFE36FDC674A01213" author="Haddad &amp; Barreiros" box="[402,690,523,548]" firstAuthor="Haddad" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="ref183170" refString="Haddad Jr, V. &amp; Barreiros, J. P. (2008) Dangerous Azorean Marine Animals: a field guide. Blu Edicies, Terceira, Acores, 60 pp." type="book" year="2008">Haddad &amp; Barreiros 2008: 9</bibRefCitation>
[based on previous misidentifications];
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FDFF7EFBECFDC673461213" author="Micael &amp; Costa" box="[1096,1364,523,548]" firstAuthor="Micael" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" pagination="321 - 323" refId="ref190649" refString="Micael, J. &amp; Costa A. C. (2010) Echinodermata. In: Borges, P. A. V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Goncalves, V., Martins, A. F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R. S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. &amp; Vieira, V. (Eds.), A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Principia, Oeiras, pp. 321 - 323." type="book chapter" year="2010">
Micael &amp;
<collectingRegion id="0B25ADE604FDFF7EFB0AFDC172FA1213" box="[1198,1256,524,548]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Costa</collectingRegion>
2010: 323
</bibRefCitation>
[based
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="81FB308F04FDFF7EFF63FDE672661274" box="[199,1140,554,579]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" type="description">
on previous misidentifications];
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FDFF7EFDB4FDE774F01274" author="Micael" box="[528,738,554,579]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Micael" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" pagination="49" refId="ref190819" refString="Micael, J., Alves, M. J., Jones, M. B. &amp; Costa, A. C. (2012) Diversity of shallow-water asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Azorean Archipelago. Marine Biodiversity Records, 5, e 49. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267211000534" type="journal article" year="2012">
Micael
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FDFF7EFDF8FDE6749B1274" box="[604,649,555,579]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">et al</emphasis>
. 2012: 4
</bibRefCitation>
[based on previous misidentifications].
</subSubSection>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="81FB308F04FDFF7EFF33FDBC7536139C" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C95E630404FDFF7EFF33FDBC740812BC" blockId="173.[151,1437,624,939]" box="[151,538,624,651]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FDFF7EFF33FDBC772B12BC" bold="true" box="[151,313,624,651]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
<typeStatus id="165ADDA604FDFF7EFF33FDBC76C012BC" box="[151,210,625,651]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
Mediterranean Sea.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E630404FDFF7EFF63FD59776812E4" blockId="173.[151,1437,624,939]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FDFF7EFF63FD5976EB1298" bold="true" box="[199,249,660,687]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">See:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FDFF7EFF5BFD58742F1298" author="Mortensen" box="[255,573,661,687]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="ref193059" refString="Mortensen, T. (1943 a) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III. 3. Camarodonta. II. Echinidae, Strongylocentrotidae, Parasaleniidae, Echinometridae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 446 pp." type="book" year="1943" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen (1943a: 139–147</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 56c, 58c, 59b, 60a, 61, 62, 63a, pl. 10, figs. 6–9, pl. 17, figs. 6–9, pl. 58, figs. 10, 16–18, 22).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E630404FDFF7EFF63FD1175DD12C0" blockId="173.[151,1437,624,939]" box="[199,975,732,759]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FDFF7EFF63FD11774E12C0" bold="true" box="[199,348,732,759]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Occurrence:</emphasis>
restricted to the Mediterranean Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FDFF7EFD5DFD1075D012C0" author="Mortensen" box="[761,962,733,759]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="ref193059" refString="Mortensen, T. (1943 a) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III. 3. Camarodonta. II. Echinidae, Strongylocentrotidae, Parasaleniidae, Echinometridae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 446 pp." type="book" year="1943" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen 1943a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E630404FDFF7EFF63FCCC7443132C" blockId="173.[151,1437,624,939]" box="[199,593,768,795]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FDFF7EFF63FCCC7708132C" bold="true" box="[199,282,769,795]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Depth:</emphasis>
<quantity id="0E19CEE104FDFF7EFE85FCCC7796132C" box="[289,388,769,795]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" unit="m" value="52.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="4.0">4–100 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FDFF7EFE36FCCC7457132C" author="Tortonese" box="[402,581,768,795]" firstAuthor="Tortonese" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="ref202694" refString="Tortonese, E. (1965) Fauna D'Italia-Echinodermata. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 422 pp." type="book" year="1965">Tortonese 1965</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E630404FDFF7EFF63FCE977661354" blockId="173.[151,1437,624,939]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FDFF7EFF63FCE9773E1308" bold="true" box="[199,300,804,831]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Habitat:</emphasis>
on rocky substrates and
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704FDFF7EFDF3FCE874DB1308" box="[599,713,805,831]" class="Liliopsida" family="Posidoniaceae" genus="Posidonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FDFF7EFDF3FCE874DB1308" box="[599,713,805,831]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Posidonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
prairies to muddy substrates where it feeds on animal matter (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FDFF7EFF3BFC84777A1354" author="Mortensen" box="[159,360,841,867]" firstAuthor="Mortensen" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="ref193059" refString="Mortensen, T. (1943 a) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III. 3. Camarodonta. II. Echinidae, Strongylocentrotidae, Parasaleniidae, Echinometridae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 446 pp." type="book" year="1943" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen 1943a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E630404FDFF7EFF63FCA074A013B0" blockId="173.[151,1437,624,939]" box="[199,690,876,903]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FDFF7EFF63FCA0777713B0" bold="true" box="[199,357,877,903]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Larval stage:</emphasis>
planktotrophic (
<bibRefCitation id="AD701EF504FDFF7EFDBAFCA074B413B0" author="Emlet" box="[542,678,876,903]" firstAuthor="Emlet" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" pagination="476 - 489" refId="ref179967" refString="Emlet, R. B. (1995) Developmental mode and species geographic range in regular sea urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Evolution, 49 (3), 476 - 489. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1558 - 5646.1995. tb 02280. x" type="journal article" year="1995">Emlet 1995</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95E630404FDFF7EFF63FC5C7536139C" blockId="173.[151,1437,624,939]" box="[199,804,913,939]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FDFF7EFF63FC5C772F139C" bold="true" box="[199,317,913,939]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Remarks:</emphasis>
see remarks under
<taxonomicName id="0EE1188704FDFF7EFDB3FC5C750F139C" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[535,797,913,939]" class="Echinoidea" family="Parechinidae" genus="Psammechinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="miliaris">
<emphasis id="FB95BF1604FDFF7EFDB3FC5C750F139C" box="[535,797,913,939]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Psammechinus miliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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